CN117216842A - Dynamic control method and system for tunnel excavation blasting section by drilling and blasting method - Google Patents
Dynamic control method and system for tunnel excavation blasting section by drilling and blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
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- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for dynamically controlling a tunnel blasting excavation section by a drilling and blasting method, which belong to the technical field of tunnel blasting construction and comprise the following steps: performing construction blasting according to the initial blasthole layout, collecting three-dimensional point cloud data of an actual section, and obtaining a three-dimensional model of the tunnel after blasting; calculating the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction according to the three-dimensional model and the three-dimensional design model of the tunnel after blasting; and adjusting the initial blasthole layout according to the super-undermining data to obtain an adjusted blasthole layout, taking the adjusted blasthole layout as a next-cycle blasting blasthole layout, and cycling the operation until the three-dimensional model of the tunnel after blasting coincides with the three-dimensional design model. According to the invention, through comparing and analyzing the actually measured section data after blasting and combining with the similarity principle of surrounding rock, the next-cycle drilling and blasting hole arrangement is dynamically adjusted, the blasting design is optimized, the over-and-under excavation condition of tunnel excavation is accurately controlled, and unnecessary cost and construction period delay caused by over-and-under excavation are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting construction, in particular to a method and a system for dynamically controlling a tunnel excavation blasting section by a drilling and blasting method.
Background
The problem of concrete excess consumption in tunnel engineering by the drill and burst method has become a problem of project cost management, and according to extensive data research and analysis, the average excess consumption rate of sprayed concrete exceeds 130%, and even some projects reach 300% or higher. At present, drilling and blasting design in the project implementation process is generally provided by a professional blasting consultation unit, and a construction unit only depends on a static blasting design drawing for construction and lacks a mechanism for dynamic adjustment according to the condition of super-undermining. This single design is difficult to accommodate for variations and challenges in actual construction.
Although some projects introduce three-dimensional laser scanning undermining analysis systems, these systems on the market at present only can generate an undermining report, and cannot provide specific guidance for the next cycle blasting design for the actual undermining situation. The method makes it difficult for constructors to adjust and optimize the blasting design in time according to actual conditions, so that a large number of super-underexcavation conditions are caused, the construction cost is increased due to super-excavation, and the construction period is directly influenced due to underexcavation.
Therefore, it is a need for a method and system for dynamically adjusting blasting according to actual undermining conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a system for dynamically controlling the section of a tunnel excavation blasting by a drilling and blasting method, which dynamically adjusts the arrangement of next-cycle drilling and blasting holes by comparing analysis of measured section data after blasting, optimizes blasting design, accurately controls the condition of the tunnel excavation under-run, and reduces unnecessary cost and construction period delay caused by the under-run.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
on the one hand, the invention provides a dynamic control method for the tunnel excavation blasting section by a drilling and blasting method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining design data, and obtaining a three-dimensional design model of a target section and a tunnel based on the design data;
step 2, acquiring blasting parameters according to the exploration data and the design data, and generating an initial blasthole layout based on a tunnel blasting theory;
step 3, performing blasting construction based on the initial blasthole arrangement diagram, acquiring an actual section of a tunnel after the blasting construction is completed, acquiring three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after the blasting, and generating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel after the blasting according to the three-dimensional point cloud data;
step 4, calculating the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction according to the three-dimensional model of the post-blasting tunnel and the three-dimensional design model;
step 5, adjusting the initial blasthole layout according to the super-undermining information to obtain an adjusted blasthole layout;
and 6, taking the adjusted blasthole layout as an initial blasthole layout for next cyclic blasting construction, and cycling the steps 3-5 until the three-dimensional model of the blasthole tunnel coincides with the three-dimensional design model.
Preferably, the step 4 specifically includes:
performing Boolean operation on the three-dimensional design model and the blasted three-dimensional model to obtain the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction; the points exceeding the target section are marked as overexcavation points, the points in the target section are marked as underexcavation points, the distance from the overexcavation points to the target section is an overexcavation value, and the distance from the underexcavation points to the target section is an underexcavation value.
Preferably, the step 5 specifically includes:
determining a minimum overexcavation value or a maximum underexcavation value of the blasting construction according to the overexcavation information;
when the tunnel is overdrawn, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move inwards into the tunnel, and the inner moving distance is the minimum overdrawn value;
and when the tunnel is underexcavated, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move outwards to the tunnel, and the outwards moving distance is the maximum underexcavated value.
Preferably, the design data comprises a flat curve element, a vertical curve element and an excavation section; the blasting parameters include surrounding rock grade, burial depth, cut form, working bench, explosive property, cyclic footage, vertical depth.
Preferably, the step 3 further includes:
and after the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after blasting is obtained, filtering, simplifying, dividing and reconstructing a curved surface on the three-dimensional point cloud data.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a dynamic control system for the tunnel excavation blasting section by the drilling and blasting method, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a three-dimensional model design module, an initial blasthole layout design module, an acquisition module, a blasting three-dimensional model generation module, an analysis module and an optimization module;
the three-dimensional model design module is used for obtaining a three-dimensional design model of the target section and the tunnel according to the design data;
the initial blasthole layout design module is used for acquiring blasting parameters according to the exploration data and the design data and generating an initial blasthole layout based on a tunnel blasting theory;
the acquisition module acquires three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after blasting construction;
the blasting three-dimensional model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel after blasting according to the collected three-dimensional point cloud data;
the analysis module is used for calculating the super-underexcavation information of the blasting construction according to the three-dimensional model of the post-blasting tunnel and the three-dimensional design model;
and the optimizing module is used for adjusting the initial blasthole layout according to the undermining information to obtain an adjusted blasthole layout.
Preferably, the analysis module performs boolean operation on the three-dimensional design model and the blasted three-dimensional model to obtain the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction; the point beyond the target section is marked as an overexcavation point, the point in the target section is marked as an underexcavation point, the distance from the overexcavation point to the target section is an overexcavation value, and the distance from the underexcavation point to the target section is an underexcavation value.
Preferably, the optimizing module determines a minimum overexcitation value or a maximum underexcavation value of the blasting construction according to the underexcavation information; when the tunnel is overdrawn, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move inwards into the tunnel, and the inner moving distance is the minimum overdrawn value; and when the tunnel is underexcavated, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move outwards to the tunnel, and the outwards moving distance is the maximum underexcavated value.
Preferably, the acquisition module adopts a three-dimensional laser scanner.
Preferably, the system further comprises a data processing module, and the three-dimensional point cloud data of the post-blasting tunnel acquired by the acquisition module is subjected to filtering, simplifying, segmentation and curved surface reconstruction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the method and the system for dynamically controlling the tunnel blasting excavation section by the drilling and blasting method, which are used for dynamically adjusting the next-cycle drilling and blasting hole arrangement by comparing the analysis of the actual measured section data after blasting and combining the similarity principle of surrounding rock, optimizing the blasting design, accurately controlling the over-and-under excavation condition of tunnel excavation and reducing unnecessary cost and construction period delay caused by over-and-under excavation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the over-excavation adjustment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the undermining adjustment principle of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an initial peripheral eye design;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a dynamically adjusted peripheral eye design;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The traditional drilling and blasting design lacks a dynamic adjustment mechanism aiming at the condition of super-undermining, so that the concrete super-consumption rate is high, the construction cost is increased, and meanwhile, the construction period progress is influenced. The invention aims to dynamically adjust the next cyclic drilling and blasting design by analyzing the three-dimensional super-undermining data of the actual section of the tunnel and combining the similarity principle of surrounding rock, optimize the blasting design, precisely control the super-undermining condition of tunnel excavation and reduce unnecessary cost and construction period delay caused by super-undermining.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention discloses a dynamic control method for a tunnel excavation blasting section by a drilling and blasting method, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring design data, and acquiring a three-dimensional design model of a target section and a tunnel based on the design data, so as to provide a basis for subsequent data processing and dynamic adjustment.
And 2, acquiring blasting parameters according to the exploration data and the design data, and generating an initial blasthole layout based on a tunnel blasting theory. The initial blasthole layout can be designed manually according to standard specifications and construction experience, and can also be automatically generated through computer software.
And 3, performing blasting construction based on the initial blasthole layout, acquiring an actual section of the tunnel after the blasting construction is completed, acquiring three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after the blasting, and generating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel after the blasting according to the three-dimensional point cloud data. The point cloud data of the actual section can be acquired by a three-dimensional laser scanner.
And 4, calculating the super-underexcavation information of the blasting construction according to the three-dimensional model and the three-dimensional design model of the tunnel after blasting.
And step 5, adjusting the initial blasthole layout according to the super-undermining information to obtain an adjusted blasthole layout. In the continuous section of the tunnel, the physical properties of the rock are relatively close, the super-underexcavation has commonality on the longitudinal circumference, and by utilizing the rule, the super-underexcavation data of the actual measured section of the previous cycle are combined, and the peripheral eye layout of the blasting design of the next cycle is automatically adjusted until the peripheral eye layout approaches to the theoretical section.
And 6, taking the adjusted blasthole layout as an initial blasthole layout for next cyclic blasting construction, and cycling the steps 3 to 5 until the three-dimensional model of the blasthole tunnel and the three-dimensional design model are nearly overlapped.
Preferably, step 4 specifically includes:
performing Boolean operation on the three-dimensional design model and the blasted three-dimensional model to obtain the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction; the points beyond the target section are marked as over-digging points, the points in the target section are marked as under-digging points, the distance from the over-digging points to the target section is an over-digging value, and the distance from the under-digging points to the target section is an under-digging value.
Preferably, step 5 specifically includes:
determining a minimum overexcitation value or a maximum underexcavation value of blasting construction according to the overexcitation information;
when the tunnel is overdrawn, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move inwards in the tunnel, and the inner moving distance is the minimum overdrawn value. As shown in fig. 2, the actual super-underexcavation state of the previous cycle is obtained through calculation of real-time point cloud and tunnel design data; calculating a minimum overexcavation value H on the longitudinal axis of the peripheral eye of the previous cycle; and taking the position of the round peripheral eyes as a reference, moving the round peripheral eyes into the tunnel by L (L=H), determining the position of the round peripheral eyes, keeping the external angle of the blasthole unchanged, and performing the next blasting construction.
When the tunnel is underexcavated, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move outwards, and the outwards moving distance is the maximum underexcavated value. As shown in fig. 3, the actual super-underexcavation state of the previous cycle is obtained through calculation of the actual point cloud and the tunnel design data. And calculating the maximum overbreak value H on the longitudinal axis of the peripheral eye of the previous cycle. And (3) taking the position of the eyes around the cycle as a reference, outwards moving the eyes out of the tunnel by L (L=H), and determining the position of the eyes around the cycle. Firstly, treating the upper circulation underexcavation, keeping the external insertion angle of the blasthole unchanged, and carrying out the next blasting construction.
Preferably, the design data comprises a flat curve element, a vertical curve element and an excavation section; blasting parameters include surrounding rock grade, burial depth, cut form, working bench, explosive properties, cyclic footage, vertical depth.
Preferably, step 3 further comprises:
and after the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after blasting is obtained, filtering, simplifying, segmenting and reconstructing a curved surface on the three-dimensional point cloud data.
Example 2
(1) The design of the excavation section and the surrounding hole drilling and blasting of a certain tunnel mileage is shown in fig. 4:
after blasting excavation is carried out by adopting the drilling and blasting design, excavation section data is acquired through a three-dimensional laser tunnel scanner, the circulating point cloud is intercepted for filtering, simplifying, dividing, reconstructing a curved surface and the like, and compared with a theoretical section, super-underexcavated data is formed, and the super-underexcavated data are shown in table 1.
Table 1 last cycle actual measurement super underdigging data table
(4) And dynamically adjusting the drilling and blasting design of the peripheral eyes of the next cycle according to the similarity principle of the surrounding rock, wherein the adjusted design diagram of the peripheral eyes is shown in fig. 5.
(5) And carrying out construction of the next cycle according to the generated drawing, and analyzing the excavation effect, as shown in table 2.
Table 2: next circulation actual measurement super-underexcavation data table
According to practical data, the invention can dynamically adjust the next circulation blasthole layout, so that the following beneficial effects can be realized:
1. the construction cost is reduced:
by accurately controlling the super-underexcavation of the tunnel, the invention can avoid unnecessary concrete super-consumption and resource waste. Compared with 130% or even higher of the high super-consumption rate in the traditional method, the technical scheme of the invention can obviously reduce the concrete super-consumption rate. According to field tests and data analysis, the concrete super-consumption rate can be expected to be reduced to below 30%. This will directly reduce the cost of the engineering project, providing economic support for the smooth implementation of the project.
2. The construction period is shortened:
by accurately controlling the over-and-under excavation condition of tunnel excavation, the invention can avoid construction period delay caused by under excavation or over excavation. According to the technical scheme, the dynamic adjustment mechanism can flexibly adjust the blasting design of the next cycle according to actual conditions, so that the excavation progress is more reasonable and efficient. According to practical experiments and case researches, the construction period can be shortened by more than 10%, and a powerful guarantee is provided for timely delivery of engineering.
3. And (3) improving the tunnel quality:
by accurately controlling the over-and-under excavation, the method can effectively avoid the deviation and instability of the section shape of the tunnel and improve the quality and stability of tunnel engineering. The dynamic adjustment mechanism can accurately guide the blasting design of the next cycle according to the measured section data, so that the excavated section is closer to the theoretical design. The technical scheme of the invention can control the section shape deviation within the design tolerance range and improve the overall quality of tunnel engineering.
4. The technical level is improved:
the technical scheme of the invention introduces innovative technical means such as point cloud data processing and dynamic adjustment, and the like, and promotes the progress of the tunnel construction technology of the drilling and blasting method. By introducing modern mapping technology and data processing algorithm, the tunnel excavation section is accurately controlled, and the defect of static blasting design in the traditional method is overcome. The related test results show that the technical scheme of the invention has obvious technical progress in improving the accuracy, flexibility and efficiency of tunnel construction.
Example 3
On the other hand, the invention also provides a dynamic control system for the tunnel excavation blasting section by the drilling and blasting method, as shown in fig. 6, comprising: the system comprises a three-dimensional model design module, an initial blasthole layout design module, an acquisition module, a blasting three-dimensional model generation module, an analysis module and an optimization module;
the three-dimensional model design module is used for obtaining a three-dimensional design model of the target section and the tunnel according to the design data;
the initial blasthole layout design module is used for acquiring blasting parameters according to the exploration data and the design data and generating an initial blasthole layout based on a tunnel blasting theory;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after blasting construction;
the blasting three-dimensional model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel after blasting according to the collected three-dimensional point cloud data;
the analysis module is used for calculating the super-underexcavation information of the blasting construction according to the three-dimensional model and the three-dimensional design model of the tunnel after blasting;
and the optimizing module is used for adjusting the initial blasthole layout according to the super-undermining information to obtain an adjusted blasthole layout.
Preferably, the analysis module performs Boolean operation on the three-dimensional design model and the blasted three-dimensional model to obtain the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction; the points beyond the target section are marked as over-digging points, the points in the target section are marked as under-digging points, the distance from the over-digging points to the target section is an over-digging value, and the distance from the under-digging points to the target section is an under-digging value.
Preferably, the optimizing module determines a minimum overexcitation value or a maximum underexcavation value of blasting construction according to the underexcavation information; when the tunnel is overdrawn, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move inwards in the tunnel, and the inner moving distance is the minimum overdrawn value; when the tunnel is underexcavated, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move outwards, and the outwards moving distance is the maximum underexcavated value.
Preferably, the acquisition module employs a three-dimensional laser scanner.
Preferably, the system further comprises a data processing module, and the three-dimensional point cloud data of the post-blasting tunnel acquired by the acquisition module are subjected to filtering, simplifying, segmentation and curved surface reconstruction.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A dynamic control method for the tunnel excavation blasting section by a drilling and blasting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining design data, and obtaining a three-dimensional design model of a target section and a tunnel based on the design data;
step 2, acquiring blasting parameters according to the exploration data and the design data, and generating an initial blasthole layout based on a tunnel blasting theory;
step 3, performing blasting construction based on the initial blasthole arrangement diagram, acquiring an actual section of a tunnel after the blasting construction is completed, acquiring three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after the blasting, and generating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel after the blasting according to the three-dimensional point cloud data;
step 4, calculating the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction according to the three-dimensional model of the post-blasting tunnel and the three-dimensional design model;
step 5, adjusting the initial blasthole layout according to the super-undermining information to obtain an adjusted blasthole layout;
and 6, taking the adjusted blasthole layout as an initial blasthole layout for next cyclic blasting construction, and cycling the steps 3-5 until the three-dimensional model of the blasthole tunnel coincides with the three-dimensional design model.
2. The method for dynamically controlling the blasting section of tunnel excavation by using the drill and burst method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
performing Boolean operation on the three-dimensional design model and the blasted three-dimensional model to obtain the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction; the points exceeding the target section are marked as overexcavation points, the points in the target section are marked as underexcavation points, the distance from the overexcavation points to the target section is an overexcavation value, and the distance from the underexcavation points to the target section is an underexcavation value.
3. The method for dynamically controlling the blasting section of tunnel excavation by using the drill and burst method according to claim 2, wherein the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
determining a minimum overexcavation value or a maximum underexcavation value of the blasting construction according to the overexcavation information;
when the tunnel is overdrawn, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move inwards into the tunnel, and the inner moving distance is the minimum overdrawn value;
and when the tunnel is underexcavated, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move outwards to the tunnel, and the outwards moving distance is the maximum underexcavated value.
4. The dynamic control method for the tunnel excavation blasting section by the drill-burst method according to claim 1, wherein the design data comprises a flat curve element, a vertical curve element and an excavation section; the blasting parameters include surrounding rock grade, burial depth, cut form, working bench, explosive property, cyclic footage, vertical depth.
5. The method for dynamically controlling the blasting section of tunnel excavation by the drill and burst method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 further comprises:
and after the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after blasting is obtained, filtering, simplifying, dividing and reconstructing a curved surface on the three-dimensional point cloud data.
6. A drilling and blasting method tunnel excavation blasting section dynamic control system is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a three-dimensional model design module, an initial blasthole layout design module, an acquisition module, a blasting three-dimensional model generation module, an analysis module and an optimization module;
the three-dimensional model design module is used for obtaining a three-dimensional design model of the target section and the tunnel according to the design data;
the initial blasthole layout design module is used for acquiring blasting parameters according to the exploration data and the design data and generating an initial blasthole layout based on a tunnel blasting theory;
the acquisition module acquires three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after blasting construction;
the blasting three-dimensional model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional model of the tunnel after blasting according to the collected three-dimensional point cloud data;
the analysis module is used for calculating the super-underexcavation information of the blasting construction according to the three-dimensional model of the post-blasting tunnel and the three-dimensional design model;
and the optimizing module is used for adjusting the initial blasthole layout according to the undermining information to obtain an adjusted blasthole layout.
7. The dynamic control system for the tunnel excavation blasting section by the drilling and blasting method according to claim 6, wherein the analysis module performs boolean operation on the three-dimensional design model and the three-dimensional model after blasting to obtain the super-underexcavation information of blasting construction; the point beyond the target section is marked as an overexcavation point, the point in the target section is marked as an underexcavation point, the distance from the overexcavation point to the target section is an overexcavation value, and the distance from the underexcavation point to the target section is an underexcavation value.
8. The dynamic control system for the tunnel excavation blasting section by the drilling and blasting method according to claim 7, wherein the optimizing module determines a minimum overexcitation value or a maximum underexcavation value of the blasting construction according to the underexcavation information; when the tunnel is overdrawn, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move inwards into the tunnel, and the inner moving distance is the minimum overdrawn value; and when the tunnel is underexcavated, peripheral eyes in the initial blasthole arrangement diagram move outwards to the tunnel, and the outwards moving distance is the maximum underexcavated value.
9. The dynamic control system for tunnel excavation blasting sections by using a drilling and blasting method according to claim 6, wherein the acquisition module adopts a three-dimensional laser scanner.
10. The dynamic control system for the tunnel excavation blasting section by the drilling and blasting method according to claim 6, further comprising a data processing module, wherein the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel after blasting, which is acquired by the acquisition module, is subjected to filtering, simplifying, segmentation and curved surface reconstruction.
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