CN117214971A - Identification method of effective reservoir of heavy oil reservoir - Google Patents
Identification method of effective reservoir of heavy oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring stratum distribution and structural distribution of a research area, and determining basic characteristics of an oil reservoir; step 2, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of a research area, and selecting a target layer in the research area by combining basic characteristics of a heavy oil reservoir; step 3, determining basic characteristics of the sand body, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, and obtaining paleo-topography of the target layer; step 4, drawing a single well phase diagram and a deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer; and 5, removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer by using logging data of each single well in the target layer, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir. The identification method of the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir accurately determines the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir by removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer, and lays a foundation for exploration and development of the heavy oil reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development geology, in particular to a method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir.
Background
Heavy oil reservoirs are rich in resources, and identification of effective reservoirs of heavy oil reservoirs has become an important point for exploration and development. The heavy oil reservoir has poor sealing property to shallow oil gas, but the shallow oil gas has the characteristics of high relative density and high viscosity, is easy to plug in a reservoir, and gradually reduces the mobility of the oil gas stored in the reservoir along with the migration of the shallow oil gas, and gradually thickens the petroleum stored in the reservoir to form a heavy oil reservoir.
When the heavy oil reservoir is formed, the heavy oil which is accumulated in the heavy oil reservoir can plug the oil gas which is subsequently transferred into the reservoir, so that the accumulation of the oil gas in the reservoir is promoted, however, the heavy oil reservoir is sealed by the large-scale formation of the heavy oil reservoir under the condition that the sealing performance of the heavy oil reservoir is poor and the construction condition is matched with the construction condition in the stratum, and the calcium cementing layer section in the stratum is poor in physical property and basically free of oil, so that the thickness of an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir is greatly reduced, and the exploration and development of the heavy oil reservoir are restricted.
In application number: the Chinese patent application of CN201810170342.6 relates to a method for identifying an effective reservoir of a tight sandstone oil reservoir, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: identifying reservoir lithology; determining lithology types of the effective reservoirs; acquiring an effective reservoir discrimination curve; and dividing the reservoir according to the effective reservoir discrimination curve to determine the effective reservoir. The method can overcome the defects of misjudgment and low identification accuracy of the conventional logging method in identifying the effective reservoir of the tight sandstone reservoir, accurately and rapidly distinguish the effective reservoir, and greatly improve the identification accuracy of the effective reservoir of the tight sandstone reservoir.
In application number: the invention relates to a quantitative evaluation method for a tight sandstone reservoir diagenetic phase, which belongs to the technical field of oil and gas reservoir evaluation, and can divide the diagenetic phase types of the tight sandstone reservoir in a region to be evaluated by using core data and logging data of the region to be evaluated under the condition of less coring data of the region to be evaluated, establish the relation between the diagenetic phase types of the tight sandstone reservoir in the region to be evaluated and logging parameters of a coring well, determine the diagenetic phase types of the tight sandstone reservoir in a region to be evaluated, realize quantitative evaluation of the diagenetic phase of the tight sandstone reservoir in the region to be evaluated, determine the distribution characteristics of favorable diagenetic phase zones and favorable reservoirs of the tight sandstone reservoir, provide reliable basis for predicting favorable exploration and development regions, guide oil and gas exploration and development, and reduce exploration and development cost.
In application number: the Chinese patent application of CN201510194524.3 relates to a method for identifying an interlayer in a heavy oil reservoir, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring logging response characteristics of a well to be logged; determining a reservoir physical property lower limit threshold of the well to be logged; and carrying out interlayer quantitative identification on the well to be tested according to the reservoir physical property lower limit threshold and the logging response characteristic. According to the invention, the specific logging response characteristics are compared with the physical property lower limit threshold of the reservoir, so that qualitative identification of the muddy interlayer, the physical property interlayer and the thick oil reservoir is realized, and further effective quantitative identification of the reservoir inner interlayer of thick layer-super-thick layer thick oil can be realized.
The prior art is greatly different from the method, the technical problem which is needed to be solved by the user cannot be solved, and the method for identifying the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir is invented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir, which can identify the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir by removing calcareous cementing rock stratum in the heavy oil reservoir.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for identifying the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring stratum distribution and structural distribution of a research area, and determining basic characteristics of an oil reservoir;
step 2, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of a research area, and selecting a target layer in the research area by combining basic characteristics of a heavy oil reservoir;
step 3, determining basic characteristics of the sand body, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, and obtaining paleo-topography of the target layer;
step 4, drawing a single well phase diagram and a deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer;
and 5, removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer by using logging data of each single well in the target layer, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
in the method, a research area is selected, stratum distribution and structural distribution of the research area are obtained, and basic characteristics of an oil reservoir are determined; the basic characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs include lithology, depth of reservoir burial, formation pressure, formation temperature, heavy oil density, heavy oil viscosity, heavy oil freezing point, formation water type, and formation water mineralization.
And 2, obtaining coring data, logging data and logging data of each single well in the research area, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of the research area, and selecting a target layer in the research area by combining the basic characteristics of the heavy oil reservoir.
In step 2, coring data including lithology, composition, granularity, and degree of rounding, and logging data including natural gamma log, three-sided log, neutron porosity, acoustic, and density curves.
And 3, comparing logging data and logging data of each single well in the research area on the target layer, dividing the target layer into sand bodies, determining basic characteristics of the sand bodies, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, and obtaining the paleomorphic form of the target layer.
In step 3, the geological stripping method is based on a deposition compensation principle, reflects the settlement amplitude of the lake bottom and the basic contour of the paleo-terrain according to the stratum thickness change of the target layer, describes the relief state of the paleo-terrain of the target layer, and restores the paleo-terrain of the target layer according to the relief state of the paleo-terrain.
And 4, analyzing lithology combination of the target layer according to paleo-topography of the target layer and coring data of each single well in the target layer, determining characteristics of each deposition microphase in the target layer, drawing a single well phase diagram of the target layer, and drawing a deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer by combining a cross-section deposition phase diagram of the target layer.
In step 4, the deposition microphase comprises an underwater river body, an underwater river side edge, a leaf body side edge and a wave change sand dam.
In step 4, the lithology combination of the underwater river body is basal conglomerate, conglomerate and conglomerate-containing sandstone, the typical sign is the presence of conglomerate and conglomerate sandstone, and the identification pattern is a characteristic of bottom turbidity current or a lump conglomerate or positive grade gradient.
In step 4, lithology combinations of the side edges of the underwater river channel are gravel sandstone, gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, typical marks are gravel sandstone, gravel-containing sandstone composite or positive prosody combinations, and the identification mode is positive-negative grade graded or grade graded layers.
In step 4, the lithology combination of the leaf bodies is a combination of gravel-containing sandstone and blocky sandstone, the typical sign is a combination of gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, and the identification mode is a combination of gravel-containing sandstone or blocky sandstone.
In step 4, the lithology combination of the lateral edges of the leaf bodies is blocky sandstone, typical marks are bidirectional bedding and reverse rhythm, and the identification mode is bidirectional bedding and reverse grading graded or blocky gravel-containing sandstone layer.
In step 4, the lithology combination of the wave-changed sand dam is a reverse rhythm or block combination of gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, the typical mark is bidirectional layer, and the reverse rhythm, and the identification mode is bidirectional layer reverse grade graded or block-shaped gravel-containing sandstone layer.
And 5, determining the plane distribution of sand sedimentary facies in the target layer according to the sedimentary facies plane graph, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir by removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer by using the logging data of each single well in the target layer in combination with the vertical distribution of calcareous cementing layer segments in the target layer.
In step 5, the calcareous cementing layer comprises calcium carbonate, and contains partial conglomerate, coarse sandstone, medium sandstone and fine sandstone with conglutination of the conglomerate and the calcareous.
Aiming at the problem of difficult identification of the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir, the invention provides an identification method of the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir, which accurately determines the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir by removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer, thereby laying a foundation for exploration and development of the heavy oil reservoir. The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method realizes the accurate removal of the calcareous cementing layer in the heavy oil reservoir target layer by using logging data and coring data, solves the problem that an effective reservoir is difficult to accurately identify in the heavy oil reservoir, fully combines the research of phase marks, shan Jingxiang, profile phases and sedimentary phases in the target layer, analyzes the formation type and spatial distribution of sand in the target layer, and determines the reservoir characteristics of the heavy oil reservoir target layer.
The method fully combines logging data and coring data, plays the continuous advantages of the logging data in the longitudinal direction, accurately identifies the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer, determines the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir, and has great significance in the exploration and development of the heavy oil reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the result of formation classification of a new-line sand bay group according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a short term datum surface convolution of a sand segment sand set in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a relative elevation difference of a paleo-terrain of a destination layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the lithology composition ratio of the objective layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of log response of a calcareous cement layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
The invention relates to a method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir, which comprises the steps of selecting a research area, determining basic reservoir characteristics according to stratum distribution and structural distribution of the research area, combining logging data, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics, selecting a target layer in the research area, dividing the target layer by sand, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, obtaining paleotopography of the target layer, combining lithology combination, determining characteristics of each deposition microphase in the target layer, drawing a single well phase diagram, combining the profile deposition phase diagram to obtain a deposition phase plane diagram, analyzing plane distribution of sand deposition phases, combining vertical distribution of calcium cementing layer segments in the target layer, removing calcium gel layers in the target layer by using logging data of each single well, and determining the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir. The method accurately identifies the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir and lays a foundation for the exploration and development of the heavy oil reservoir.
The following are several embodiments of the invention
Example 1
In a specific embodiment 1 to which the present invention is applied, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir according to the present invention. The method for identifying the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir comprises the following steps:
step 101, selecting a research area, acquiring stratum distribution and structural distribution of the research area, and determining basic characteristics of an oil reservoir;
102, obtaining coring data, logging data and logging data of each single well in a research area, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of the research area, and selecting a target layer in the research area by combining basic characteristics of a heavy oil reservoir;
step 103, comparing logging data and logging data of each single well in a research area on a target layer, dividing the target layer into sand bodies, determining basic characteristics of the sand bodies, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, and obtaining paleomorphic features of the target layer;
104, analyzing lithology combination of the target layer according to paleo-topography of the target layer and coring data of each single well in the target layer, determining characteristics of each deposition microphase in the target layer, drawing a single well phase diagram of the target layer, and drawing a deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer by combining a profile deposition phase diagram of the target layer;
and 105, determining the plane distribution of sand sediment phases in the target layer according to the sediment phase plane graph, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir by removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer by using the logging data of each single well in the target layer in combination with the vertical distribution of calcareous cementing layer segments in the target layer.
Example 2
In a specific embodiment 2 to which the present invention is applied, the method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, selecting a research area, acquiring stratum distribution and structural distribution of the research area, and determining basic characteristics of an oil reservoir;
the basic characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs include lithology, depth of reservoir burial, formation pressure, formation temperature, heavy oil density, heavy oil viscosity, heavy oil freezing point, formation water type, and formation water mineralization.
Step 2, obtaining coring data, logging data and logging data of each single well in a research area, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of the research area, and selecting a target layer in the research area by combining basic characteristics of a heavy oil reservoir;
coring data includes lithology, composition, granularity, degree of rounding, logging data includes natural gamma log, three-sided log, neutron porosity, sonic and density curves.
Step 3, comparing logging data and logging data of each single well in the research area on the target layer, dividing the target layer into sand bodies, determining basic characteristics of the sand bodies, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, and obtaining paleomorphic features of the target layer;
the geological stripping method is based on a deposition compensation principle, reflects the settlement amplitude of the lake bottom and the basic contour of the paleo-topography according to the stratum thickness change of the target layer, describes the relief state of the paleo-topography of the target layer, and restores the paleo-topography of the target layer according to the relief state of the paleo-topography.
Step 4, analyzing lithology combination of the target layer according to paleo-topography of the target layer and coring data of each single well in the target layer, determining characteristics of each deposition microphase in the target layer, drawing a single well phase diagram of the target layer, and drawing a deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer by combining a cross-section deposition phase diagram of the target layer;
the deposition microphase comprises an underwater river body, an underwater river side edge, a leaf body side edge and a wave-changed sand dam;
lithology combination of the main body of the underwater river is basal conglomerate, conglomerate and conglomerate-containing sandstone, typical marks are the existence of the conglomerate and the conglomerate sandstone, and the identification mode is the characteristic of bottom turbidity current or blocky conglomerate or positive grade gradient;
the lithology combination of the side edge of the underwater river channel is gravel sandstone, gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, the typical mark is gravel sandstone, gravel-containing sandstone compound or positive rhythm combination, and the identification mode is positive-negative grade graded or grade graded layer;
lithology combination of the lobular bodies is composed of gravel-containing sandstone and blocky sandstone, typical marks are composed of gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, and the identification mode is composed of gravel-containing sandstone or blocky sandstone;
lithology combination of the lateral margin of the leaf body is blocky sandstone, typical marks are bidirectional bedding and inverse rhythm, and the identification mode is bidirectional bedding inverse grade graded or blocky gravel-containing sandstone layer;
the lithology combination of the wave-changed sand dam is a reverse rhythm or block combination of gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, the typical mark is bidirectional bedding, and the reverse rhythm, and the identification mode is bidirectional bedding and reverse grade graded or block-shaped gravel-containing sandstone layer.
And 5, determining the plane distribution of sand sediment phases in the target layer according to the sediment phase plane graph, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir by removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer by using the logging data of each single well in the target layer in combination with the vertical distribution of calcareous cementing layer sections in the target layer.
The calcareous cementing layer comprises calcium carbonate, and contains partial conglomerate, conglomerate sandstone, coarse sandstone containing conglomerate sandstone and calcareous cementing, medium sandstone and fine sandstone.
Example 3
In a specific embodiment 3 of the present invention, taking a heavy oil reservoir of a chinese spring wind oil field as an example, the method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir provided by the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
and 1, selecting a research area, acquiring stratum distribution and structural distribution of the research area, and determining basic characteristics of a heavy oil reservoir.
The research area of this embodiment is located about 5.1km in the southwest of a spring light farm in a front mountain waterlogging dam of the Kramay city of Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang, the regional structure is located in the eastern part of a row protrusion of a vehicle in the western part of a Song basin, the row protrusion is a secondary structural unit of the western part of the Song basin, the west and north sides of the vehicle row protrusion are adjacent to Zai mountain, the south side of the vehicle row protrusion is four tree recesses, the red-vehicle breaking zone is connected with the Changji recess in east, and the stratum distribution of the research area is shown in table 1.
Table 1 study area formation profile
The stratum for the development of the row sub-bulges is sequentially from bottom to top: charcoal, dwarfism, chalk, ancient, recent, fourth, in addition to chalk lines Gu Luqun and more recently being widely distributed throughout the area, the dwarfism is mainly characterized by being locally present in the trough area of the carboline bedrock as a denudation residue, and the stratum above the chalk system is overlapped layer by layer in the North-west direction upwards.
According to stratum distribution and structure distribution of a research area, determining that a main oil-containing layer of a heavy oil reservoir in the research area is a section 1 sand group of a newly-tied sand bay group, and lithology mainly comprises gray medium sand, coarse sand, gravel-containing sand, sandy gravel, fine sand, thin-layer lime silty fine sand, weak diagenetic effect, loose cementation and high Kong Gaoshen. Shallow oil layer buries, and the average buries depth is about 500m; the formation pressure coefficient is 1.03, the formation temperature is 21.5-33.46 ℃, the crude oil in the heavy oil reservoir is heavy oil, and the crude oil density is 0.9655-0.9807 g/cm 3 The viscosity of the crude oil is 5879-6075 mPa.s at 50 ℃, and the solidifying point of the crude oil is 10-38 ℃; the total mineralization degree of stratum water in the heavy oil reservoir is 33642-38185 mg/L, and the stratum water type is CaCl 2 Form and NaHCO 3 Type (2).
And 2, obtaining coring data, logging data and logging data of each single well in the research area, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of the research area, and selecting a target layer in the research area by combining the basic characteristics of the heavy oil reservoir.
In this embodiment, according to geological data and logging data of each single well in the research area, it is determined that the newly tied sand bay group where the heavy oil reservoir is located is composed of two three-level layer sequences, and the newly tied sand bay group is divided into a sand first section, a sand second section and a sand third section from bottom to top by combining characteristics such as lithology, electrical combination and the like, as shown in fig. 1, wherein layer sequence I corresponds to the sand bay group first section, and layer sequence I I corresponds to the sand bay group second section and third section; 3 sand groups are obtained by further dividing a section of sand, wherein 1 sand group is characterized by a low water level system domain, 2 sand groups and 3 sand groups are characterized by a lake invasion system domain and a high water level system domain respectively, and accordingly, 1 sand group is a main target layer of a research area.
And 3, comparing logging data and logging data of each single well in the research area on the target layer, dividing the target layer into sand bodies, determining basic characteristics of the sand bodies, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, and obtaining the paleomorphic form of the target layer.
According to logging data and logging data of all wells in the research area, sand body division and comparison are carried out on a section 1 sand group of sand of all wells in the research area, and the 1 sand group is divided into No. 2 sand and No. 1 sand from top to bottom, as shown in table 2.
Table 2 sand-segment 1 sand group sand body basic feature table
Based on the layer sequence stratigraphy principle, a section of the sand bay group is a complete layer sequence, a 1 sand group is coarse-chip low-level domain deposition, a 2 sand group is a set of relatively stable mudstone deposition which is widely distributed in a whole area, the sand bay belongs to a water inflow system domain, the top surface of the sand bay group is the largest lake flooding surface in the layer sequence deposition period, and the 1 sand group and the 2 sand group are jointly used as a complete short-term reference surface for rotation, as shown in fig. 2. Therefore, the sand-section 2 sand group top interface is selected as a deposition reference surface, and the sand-section 2 sand group top interface is used as the deposition reference surface to restore the paleo-topography of the target layer, as shown in fig. 3.
The ancient topography of the analysis target layer can be obtained, the ancient topography generally has the characteristics of north, south and north before sand is deposited, the water body in the north is shallow, the water body in the south is deep, the underwater topography in the middle of the research area is complex, the development band-shaped low fluctuation is about 2-5m in amplitude, and the northeast-southwest trend is realized.
And 4, analyzing lithology combination of the target layer according to paleo-topography of the target layer and coring data of each single well in the target layer, determining characteristics of each deposition microphase in the target layer, drawing a single well phase diagram of the target layer, and drawing a deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer by combining a profile deposition phase diagram of the target layer.
In this embodiment, the lithology of the objective layer can be classified into four categories according to the gravel content, including conglomerate, gravel-containing sandstone, and sandstone, which includes coarse sandstone, medium-fine sandstone, and fine-siltstone, wherein, the conglomerate and the conglomerate are mainly composed of argillaceous gel, the fine sandstone is mainly composed of calcareous gel, the proportion of each lithology in the objective layer is shown in figure 4, and the gravel-containing layer section (conglomerate + conglomerate-containing sandstone) in the objective layer accounts for more than 50%.
According to the lithology, cementing agent and deposition characteristics of the rock in the target layer, three lithology combinations, namely lithology combination 1, lithology combination 2 and lithology combination 3, are determined in the target layer, and the specific characteristics of each lithology combination are as follows:
lithology combination 1: the bottom conglomerate and the conglomerate are mainly used for common bottom flushing; poor sorting, angular gravel shape and low maturity; cementing clay; mainly characterized by turbidity current deposition; is a fan-shaped underwater river sediment; substantially free of oil;
lithology combination 2: gravel-containing sandstone and coarse-medium sandstone are the main materials; the particles are arranged in an oriented way, and the rhythm is obvious; the main characteristic is traction flow deposition; mainly depositing the leaf bodies of the flowers; good oil-bearing properties, being the primary reservoir segment;
lithology combination 3: the medium-fine-siltstone is mainly used for depositing the leaf bodies of flowers and has good oil content; the calcium cementing part can erode holes and cracks, and oil is contained in the development positions of the holes and cracks.
The three lithology combinations mainly develop in the north part of the research area, the south part of the research area does not develop lithology combination 1, and the partial area in the research area develops lithology combination 2 and lithology combination 3, but lithology combination 2 and lithology combination 3 are harder to distinguish. Besides the lithology combination, the core of the target layer can also see phenomena such as biological disturbance, bottom flushing and the like, and is a sign of shallow water deposition and underwater river deposition.
According to the lithology combination of the target layer, 4 microphases of the shallow water fan underwater river body, the underwater river side edge, the leaf body and the leaf body side edge and the sand dam microphases with obvious lake wave reconstruction function are analyzed, the differences of sand bodies of different cause types in lithology combination, gravel structure and logging data are determined, and identification phase marks of the microphases are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 characterization of the object layer deposition microphase
According to the characteristics of each deposition microphase, each single well in the target layer is subjected to microphase division, a single well phase diagram of the target layer is drawn, and as the development and spreading characteristics of the conglomerate in the target layer are also main marks reflecting the deposition conditions and the evolution rule of the conglomerate, the gravel content and the conglomerate thickness can well reflect the hydrodynamic conditions and the reservoir causes of the target layer, the profile deposition phase characteristics of the target layer are analyzed, the profile conglomerate content of the target layer is high, the general development of the bottom conglomerate is obtained, the deposition characteristics of the side edges of the underwater river channel are mainly used, the local development sand dams and the leaf bodies are deposited, the profile is basically parallel to the extending direction of the underwater river channel and is basically positioned near the axis of the underwater river channel, and the sand bodies of the river channel from bottom to top have the tendency of expanding and advancing in the southeast direction.
And 5, determining the plane distribution of sand sediment phases in the target layer according to the sediment phase plane graph, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir by removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer by using the logging data of each single well in the target layer in combination with the vertical distribution of calcareous cementing layer sections in the target layer.
According to a single well phase diagram and a section deposition phase diagram of a target layer, a deposition phase diagram of the target layer is drawn, the deposition phase diagram of the target layer is analyzed, 1 sand bodies are distributed in the southeast part of a research area, a core is lacked, a gravel phase mark identification range is limited, the thickness of an interlayer between the 1 sand bodies and the 2 sand bodies is 0-8 m, the northeast section and the southwest section are thinner, the thickness is increased towards interruption, and the object sources of the northeast section and the southwest section in the target layer are more abundant than the middle section; the 1-sand body conglomerate percentage also correspondingly shows the tendency that the northeast section and the southwest section have high conglomerate percentage and the middle section have lower conglomerate percentage.
Overall, the western source decayed during the 1 sand deposition period, with the northwest localized source forming shallow water fan deposition; the influence range of a south matter source (fan) delta front edge system is enlarged; the two phase sources meet near the p601-23 well region.
And 5, determining the plane distribution of sand sediment phases in the target layer according to the sediment phase plane diagram, removing the calcium cement layer in the target layer by combining the vertical distribution of the calcium cement layer sections in the target layer, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir.
In this embodiment, the position of calcareous sand is identified by using the logging data of each single well in the target layer, and the physical properties of the reservoir are obviously affected by the degree of calcareous cementation in the reservoir, so that the calcareous cementation layer directly affects the effective thickness of the heavy oil reservoir.
And (5) identifying calcareous gritty in the target layer by using logging data and coring data. The calcareous reservoir is grey white and has a large difference from the argillic reservoir, the calcareous cement is calcium carbonate, the calcareous reservoir can be conglomerate, conglomerate and conglomerate from the lithology, and more calcareous coarse sandstone, medium sandstone and fine sandstone can occur at any position of rhythm, the lithology of the calcareous conglomerate is compact and basically does not contain oil, but solution holes, solution cavities and solution gaps formed after the dissolution of the locally visible calcareous cement develop, and the solution holes and the gaps often have good oiliness. By analyzing the vertical distribution characteristics of calcareous gritty, the calcareous cementite in the vertical direction is obtained to develop at the top of a target layer, the middle and bottom of the target layer are also provided, the cementing layer number is mainly distributed in the range of 0-4 layers, the number of layers of the north well region is more, most of the layers develop more than 2 layers, the cementing layer number of the south well region is generally less than 2 layers, the cementing single layer thickness is from tens of centimeters to several meters, and the accumulated thickness is about 0-8.7 m.
According to the vertical distribution rule of the calcareous cementing layer section in the target layer, the position of the calcareous cementing layer is determined by combining the conventional logging curves of all the single wells in the target layer, and the conventional logging response of the calcareous cementing layer is shown as a graph in fig. 5 and mainly shows the characteristics that a natural potential curve is close to a base line, the resistivity is high, the microelectrode curve is sharp and high, no or small amplitude difference exists, the density is high, the acoustic time difference is obviously low, and the natural gamma is obviously high.
The existence of the calcareous cementing layer segment obviously worsens the oiliness of the target layer, and greatly reduces the effective thickness of the target layer, so that the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir can be accurately determined by removing the calcareous cementing layer from the target layer, and a guiding basis is provided for the exploration and development of the heavy oil reservoir.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiment, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Other than the technical features described in the specification, all are known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (15)
1. The method for identifying the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring stratum distribution and structural distribution of a research area, and determining basic characteristics of an oil reservoir;
step 2, analyzing layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of a research area, and selecting a target layer in the research area by combining basic characteristics of a heavy oil reservoir;
step 3, determining basic characteristics of the sand body, determining a deposition reference surface of the target layer based on a geological stripping method, and obtaining paleo-topography of the target layer;
step 4, drawing a single well phase diagram and a deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer;
and 5, removing the calcareous cementing layer in the target layer by using logging data of each single well in the target layer, and determining an effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir.
2. The method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, a research area is selected, stratum distribution and structural distribution of the research area are obtained, and basic characteristics of the reservoir are determined; the basic characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs include lithology, depth of reservoir burial, formation pressure, formation temperature, heavy oil density, heavy oil viscosity, heavy oil freezing point, formation water type, and formation water mineralization.
3. The method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, coring data, logging data and logging data of each individual well in the investigation region are obtained, layer sequence composition and deposition characteristics of the investigation region are analyzed, and a target layer is selected in the investigation region in combination with basic characteristics of the heavy oil reservoir.
4. A method of identifying an effective reservoir for a heavy oil reservoir as claimed in claim 3 wherein, in step 2, the coring data includes lithology, composition, granularity, degree of rounding, and the logging data includes natural gamma log, three-sided log, neutron porosity, acoustic curve and density curve.
5. The method for identifying the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, logging data and logging data of each single well in a research area at a target layer are compared, sand body division is carried out on the target layer, basic characteristics of the sand body are determined, a deposition reference surface of the target layer is determined based on a geological stripping method, and paleo-topography of the target layer is obtained.
6. The method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir according to claim 5, wherein in step 3, the geological stripping method is based on a deposition compensation principle, reflects the settlement amplitude of a lake bottom and the basic contour of an ancient topography according to the stratum thickness change of the target layer, describes the undulating state of the ancient topography of the target layer, and restores the ancient topography of the target layer according to the undulating state of the ancient topography.
7. The method for identifying the effective reservoir of the heavy oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, according to the paleo-topography of the target layer, the lithology combination of each single well in the target layer is analyzed according to the coring data of each single well in the target layer, the characteristics of each deposition microphase in the target layer are determined, the single well phase diagram of the target layer is drawn, the cross-section deposition phase diagram of the target layer is combined, and the deposition phase plane diagram of the target layer is drawn.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step 4, the sedimentary microphase comprises an underwater river body, an underwater river side edge, a lobed body side edge, and a wave-altering dam.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step 4, the lithology combination of the underwater river body is a combination of bottom conglomerate, conglomerate sandstone and gravel-containing sandstone, typically marked by the presence of conglomerate and conglomerate sandstone, and the identification pattern is a bottom turbidity current feature or a blocky conglomerate or positive size fraction transition.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein in step 4, the lithology combination of the side edges of the underwater river is a conglomerate, a conglomerate-containing sandstone, and sandstone, the typical mark is a conglomerate, a conglomerate-containing complex, or a positive prosodic combination, and the identification mode is a positive-negative graded or graded layer.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein in step 4, the lithology of the dolomitic leaves is combined with gravel-containing sandstone and blocky sandstone, the typical indication is the combination of gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, and the identification mode is the combination of gravel-containing sandstone or blocky sandstone.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein in step 4, the lithology combination of the lateral edges of the dolomies is blocky sandstone, the typical markers are bidirectional layer and reverse rhythm, and the identification mode is bidirectional layer reverse graded or blocky gravel-containing sandstone layer.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein in step 4, the lithology combination of the wave-modified sand dam is a counter-prosody or block-shaped combination of gravel-containing sandstone and sandstone, the typical mark is bidirectional layer, and the recognition mode is bidirectional layer reverse grade graded or block-shaped gravel-containing sandstone layer.
14. The method for identifying an effective reservoir of a heavy oil reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the planar distribution of sand sedimentary phases in the target layer is determined according to a sedimentary phase planar graph, and the calcium cement layer in the target layer is removed by using logging data of each single well in the target layer in combination with the vertical distribution of calcium cement layer segments in the target layer, so as to determine the effective reservoir in the heavy oil reservoir.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein in step 5 the calcareous cementing layer comprises calcium carbonate, and comprises a portion of conglomerates, coarse sandstones, medium sandstones, and fine sandstones.
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