CN117210988A - Basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117210988A CN117210988A CN202311046459.0A CN202311046459A CN117210988A CN 117210988 A CN117210988 A CN 117210988A CN 202311046459 A CN202311046459 A CN 202311046459A CN 117210988 A CN117210988 A CN 117210988A
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- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn and a preparation method thereof, wherein the yarn sequentially comprises an elastic core yarn, a basalt fiber layer and a flame-retardant fiber layer from inside to outside; firstly, adopting a hollow spindle fancy twisting device, spirally and alternately winding basalt fibers on the surface of elastic core yarns to form elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns with spring-like structures, wherein the basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, so that the problem of fiber structure damage caused by self-twisting is avoided, and the composite core yarns are endowed with high strength and high elasticity; and then friction spinning is adopted to coat flame-retardant fibers on the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn, so that the composite core yarn does not generate twist in the coating process, and the mechanical property loss of the basalt fibers is avoided. The hollow spindle fancy twisting device and the friction spinning are cooperatively matched to form the skin-friendly yarn with good mechanical property, high elasticity and strong flame retardance and heat insulation performance, and the yarn is suitable for materials such as fire-fighting lifesaving ropes, firefighters, fire-extinguishing blankets, fire-fighting tents and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of textile, in particular to basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the emission of greenhouse gases, weather with extreme temperature frequently occurs, so that the probability of open fire or explosion in working environments such as metallurgy, chemical industry, fire protection and the like is increased; therefore, the corresponding stations are strictly required to be equipped with flame-retardant working clothes in actual production so as to protect workers from being damaged by open fire or heat sources, and the fabric materials of the working clothes are required to have flame retardance and heat insulation performance and also have certain comfortableness so as to ensure the wearing comfortableness of the workers.
The basalt fiber has the characteristics of good flame retardance and heat insulation performance, wide working range, no melting or dripping at a high temperature state, high strength and high modulus, and has excellent performances of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, heat insulation and sound insulation, suitability for use in various environments and the like, and high cost performance. However, basalt fibers are brittle, have insufficient flexibility and poor weavability; therefore, when basalt fibers are adopted to prepare materials with flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects in the prior art, the basalt fibers are generally used as core yarns, and the core yarns are prepared by wrapping the basalt fibers with good flexibility, so that the bending and damage degree of the basalt fibers is reduced. For example, the invention patent (application number is CN 201110076746.7) discloses a basalt core spun yarn, wherein a mixed yarn is wound outside basalt monofilaments, and the basalt core spun yarn can be made into flame-retardant woven fabric; however, the core spun yarn takes basalt filaments as the core yarn, so that the whole yarn is limited by the basalt filaments, the elasticity is poor, and the comfort of the fabric is not facilitated.
In view of the above problems, the invention patent (application number is CN 202010764123.8) discloses a nondestructive coating yarn of high-rigidity brittle fiber material, a spinning method and a fabric thereof, wherein under the condition of a twist lower than the maximum breaking torque of high-rigidity brittle fiber filaments (basalt fibers), forward composite twisting is carried out on the high-rigidity brittle fibers clamped by flexible fibers to form a composite yarn core; and twisting the yarn into strand by adopting a friction spinning technology and a two-for-one twister, and weaving the yarn to form the fabric with excellent taking performance. In the method, flexible fibers and basalt fibers are adopted for cabling to increase the flexibility of the composite yarn; however, the method needs to be lower than the maximum breaking torque of the basalt fiber to avoid breaking of the basalt fiber, so that the structure of the composite yarn core is loose, the burden is increased on subsequent friction spinning, the basalt fiber has certain twist degree in a doubling and twisting mode, the surface of the basalt fiber is easy to damage, and the two-for-one twister is required to twist positively and untwist reversely, so that the strength of the basalt fiber and the whole composite yarn is adversely affected, and the application performance of the fabric is further affected.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved basalt fiber layered cross-over coated elastic skin-friendly yarn and a method for preparing the same, which solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn and a preparation method thereof, wherein basalt fibers are wound on elastic core yarns by using a hollow spindle fancy twisting device to form elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns with spring-like structures, and flame-retardant fibers are continuously coated on the surfaces by adopting friction spinning to form skin-friendly yarns with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects, so that the defects of the existing basalt fiber fabrics in weaving and application are overcome.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn which sequentially comprises an elastic core yarn, a basalt fiber layer and a flame-retardant fiber layer from inside to outside, wherein basalt fibers in the basalt fiber layer are spirally wound on the elastic core yarn, and the basalt fibers and the elastic core yarn form a spring-like structure; the breaking elongation of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn is 100% -200%.
As a further improvement of the invention, the linear density of the basalt fiber is 8 tex-50 tex, and the number of the basalt fibers in spiral shape is 2-8.
As a further improvement of the invention, the elastic core yarn is a spandex elastic filament or an elastic silicone tube, the diameter of the spandex elastic filament is 15-560 denier, and the diameter of the elastic silicone tube is 0.1-2.0 mm;
further improvements of the invention include one or more of flame retardant nylon, aramid 1313, flame retardant viscose, flame retardant acrylic, alginate fiber, polyimide fiber.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting elastic core yarns unwound from bobbins into an upper hollow yarn passage of an upper hollow spindle through a feeding mechanism of a hollow spindle fancy twisting device, introducing basalt filament fibers unwound from a hollow spindle bobbin package inserted on the outer surface of the upper hollow spindle into the upper hollow yarn passage, intersecting with the elastic core yarns in the upper hollow yarn passage, and enabling the basalt filament fibers to be positively wound on the surface of the elastic core yarns under the action of high-speed rotation of the hollow spindle bobbin package driven by the upper hollow spindle to form basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarns; the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarn is output from the upper hollow yarn channel, then enters a lower hollow yarn channel of a lower hollow spindle, basalt filament fibers unwound from a hollow spindle bobbin package inserted on the outer surface of the lower hollow spindle enter the lower hollow yarn channel, are intersected with the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel, and are reversely wrapped on the surface layer of the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle bobbin package driven by the lower hollow spindle to form basalt fiber cross wrapping elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and the basalt fiber cross wrapping elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel and is output by an output mechanism and wound by a winding mechanism to finally form an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
s2, arranging the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package in the core material storage bin of the friction spinning machine, and feeding the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages rotating in the same direction through a yarn guide hole and a tension yarn guide of a feeding unit of the friction spinning machine; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism of a friction spinning machine and are combed by a combing roller to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter a wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of two dust cage surfaces rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns to form basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns, and the basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns are output through an output unit and finally wound on a winding drum.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S1, the rotating speed of the upper hollow ingot is 2800-3200 r/min, and the rotating speed of the lower hollow ingot is 2300-2800 r/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S1, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding yarn guide rod and a feeding roller which are sequentially arranged along the input direction of the elastic core yarn, and the feeding speed of the elastic core yarn is 1.5-30 m/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, the output mechanism comprises an output yarn guide rod and an output roller which are sequentially arranged along the yarn conveying direction, and the output speed of the basalt fiber cross-wrapped elastic composite core yarn is 1.5-30 m/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the rotating speed of the two dust cages is 3800-9200 r/min, the output speed of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn is 6-23 m/min, and the coiling speed is 9-25 m/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, the tension yarn guide is used for clamping the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn, and the tension of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is adjusted to be 5% -10% by matching with the output speed.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the rotating speed of the carding roller is 3200-7800 r/min.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn comprises an elastic core yarn, a basalt fiber layer and a flame-retardant fiber layer from inside to outside, wherein basalt fibers in the basalt fiber layer are spirally and alternately wound on the elastic core yarn, and the basalt fibers and the elastic core yarn form a spring-like structure; the elongation at break of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn is 100% -200%. The invention overcomes the technical prejudice that basalt fiber has high rigidity and brittleness and can only be used as core yarn in core-spun yarn in the prior art, and the spring-like structure of basalt fiber-wrapped elastic core yarn is obtained by a specific preparation method.
2. According to the invention, a hollow spindle fancy twisting device is selected, at least two basalt fibers are spirally and alternately wound on the surface of the elastic core yarn, and meanwhile, the input speed of the elastic core yarn, the rotating speeds of the upper hollow spindle and the lower hollow spindle and the types and diameters of the core yarn are controlled to control the screw pitch of the basalt fibers on the surface of the elastic core yarn, so that the basalt fibers are prevented from being broken; in the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn with the spring-like structure, which is manufactured by the hollow spindle fancy twisting device, basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, only winding twist is generated, the problem of structural damage caused by the self-twisting of the basalt fibers in the prior art is avoided, and the composite core yarn is endowed with high strength and high elasticity. In addition, the invention controls the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the upper hollow spindle and the lower hollow spindle, so that two or more basalt fibers are crossed in the winding process of the surface of the elastic core yarn, the elastic core yarn is coated in a crossed manner, the flame-retardant and heat-insulating performance of the yarn is improved more comprehensively, the mechanical performance of the yarn is enhanced, and the yarn has a better application prospect.
3. According to the invention, friction spinning is selected to coat the flame-retardant fiber on the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn, so that the composite core yarn does not generate twist in the coating process in the mode, and the loss of the mechanical property of the basalt fiber is avoided; and the tension of the composite core yarn is regulated by the cooperation of the tension yarn guide, the rotating speed of the dust cage and the output unit, so that the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is coated by flame-retardant fibers in a stretched state, the coating effect of the flame-retardant fibers is improved, the interfacial friction force of the composite core yarn is reduced, and the comfort of the finally prepared basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarn is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fancy twisting device in the preparation method of basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction spinning machine in the preparation method of the basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn of example 1.
Fig. 4 is a microscopic physical image of basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarn prepared in example 1.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic skin-friendly yarn of fig. 4.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results and the course of the flame retardant property test of the yarns of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2.
Reference numerals
100-a hollow spindle fancy twisting device; 110-a feeding mechanism; 111-feeding a yarn guide rod; 112-feeding rollers; 121-upper hollow ingot; 122-lower hollow ingot; 130-winding the hollow spindle bobbin; 140-an output mechanism; 141-outputting a yarn guide rod; 142-output rollers; 150-bobbin; 160-winding mechanism; 200-friction spinning machine; 210-a feeding unit; 211-yarn guiding holes; 212-tension yarn guide; 220-dust cage; 231-drafting mechanism; 232-carding rollers; 233-carding cover plate; 240-an output unit; 241—yarn feeding roller jaw; 242-yarn guide hook; 243-yarn guide traversing means; 250-winding drum; 260-core material bin.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and/or processing steps closely related to aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not greatly related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it should be further noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn sequentially comprises an elastic core yarn, a basalt fiber layer and a flame-retardant fiber layer from inside to outside, wherein at least two basalt fibers in the basalt fiber layer are spirally and alternately wrapped on the elastic core yarn, and the basalt fibers and the elastic core yarn form a spring-like structure; the breaking elongation of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn is 100% -200%. The invention overcomes the technical prejudice that basalt fiber has high rigidity and brittleness and can only be used as core yarn in core-spun yarn in the prior art, and the spring-like structure of basalt fiber-wrapped elastic core yarn is obtained by a specific preparation method, and the composite structure yarn has better elasticity, and the surface of the composite structure yarn is continuously wrapped with flame-retardant fiber, so that the comfort of the yarn is improved; finally, the skin-friendly yarn with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects is obtained, and the yarn is suitable for materials such as fire-fighting lifesaving ropes, firefighters, fire-extinguishing blankets, fire-fighting tents and the like, and has high comfort in application.
Specifically, the linear density of the basalt fibers is 8-50 tex, and the number of the basalt fibers spirally wound on the surface of the elastic core yarn is 2-8. The specification of the basalt fiber cannot be too thin or too thick, the basalt fiber which is too thin is easy to generate brittle fracture in the winding process, and the basalt fiber which is too thick makes the elastic core yarn difficult to support, so that the structure of the basalt fiber spiral-type coated elastic core yarn is difficult to form.
More specifically, the elastic core yarn is spandex elastic filament or elastic silicone tube, the diameter of the spandex elastic filament is 15-560 denier, and the diameter of the elastic silicone tube is 0.1-2.0 mm; the raw materials of the flame-retardant fiber layer comprise one or more of flame-retardant nylon, aramid fiber 1313, flame-retardant viscose, flame-retardant acrylic fiber, alginate fiber and polyimide fiber. In actual production, when spandex elastic filaments are selected as core yarns, because the diameters of the spandex filaments are smaller, the winding of basalt fibers is easy to be burdened, so that the input speed (acceleration) of the elastic core yarns and the rotating speed (slowing) of upper and lower hollow ingots are required to be adjusted to adjust the screw pitch of the basalt fibers on the surfaces of the elastic core yarns, the breakage of the basalt fibers is avoided, the quantity of basalt fibers coated on the surfaces of the basalt fibers is increased to ensure the coating effect, and the core leakage phenomenon is avoided. When the elastic core yarn is an elastic silicone tube, the input speed of the silicone tube can be slowed down, the rotating speed of the hollow spindle can be accelerated, and basalt fibers can be better coated on the surface of the silicone tube.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting elastic core yarns unwound from a yarn tube 150 into an upper hollow yarn running channel of an upper hollow spindle 121 through a feeding mechanism 110 of a hollow spindle fancy twisting device 100, enabling basalt filament fibers unwound from a hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the upper hollow spindle 121 to enter the upper hollow yarn running channel, intersecting with the elastic core yarns in the upper hollow yarn running channel, and enabling the basalt filament fibers to be positively wound on the surface of the elastic core yarns under the high-speed rotation action of the upper hollow spindle 121 driving the hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 to form basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarns; the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapped elastic yarn is output from the upper hollow yarn channel, then enters the lower hollow yarn channel of the lower hollow spindle 122, the basalt filament fiber unwound from the hollow spindle bobbin package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the lower hollow spindle 122 enters the lower hollow yarn channel, and is intersected with the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapped elastic yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel, the basalt filament fiber is reversely wrapped on the surface layer of the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapped elastic yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle bobbin package 130 driven by the lower hollow spindle 122, so that a basalt fiber cross wrapped elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure is formed, the basalt fiber cross wrapped elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel, and then is output by the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 160, and finally an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package is formed;
s2, arranging the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package in the core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and feeding the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction through the yarn guide holes 211 and the tension yarn guide 212 of the feeding unit 210 of the friction spinning machine 200; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism 231 of the friction spinning machine 200 and are split by a carding roller 232 to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter a wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of the surfaces of the two dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns to form basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns, and the basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns are output through an output unit 240 and finally wound on a winding drum.
Particularly, the hollow spindle fancy twisting device 100 is selected, basalt fibers are spirally and alternately wound on the surface of the elastic core yarn, and meanwhile, the input speed of the elastic core yarn, the rotating speeds of the upper hollow spindle and the lower hollow spindle and the types and diameters of the core yarn are controlled to control the screw pitch of the basalt fibers on the surface of the elastic core yarn, so that the basalt fibers are prevented from being broken; in the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn with the spring-like structure, which is manufactured by the hollow spindle fancy twisting device 100, basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, only winding twist is generated, and the problem of structural loss caused by the self-twisting of the basalt fibers in the prior art is avoided, so that the obtained composite core yarn has high mechanical property and good elasticity.
Referring to FIG. 1, the upper hollow ingot 121 has a rotational speed of 2800-3200 r/min and the lower hollow ingot 122 has a rotational speed of 2300-2800 r/min. According to the invention, the rotating speed or the rotating direction of the upper hollow ingot and the lower hollow ingot are controlled, so that two or more basalt fibers are crossed in the winding process of the surface of the elastic core yarn, and the elastic core yarn is cross-coated, so that the flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties of the yarn are more comprehensively improved, the mechanical properties of the yarn are also enhanced, and the yarn has a better application prospect.
Specifically, in step S1, the feeding mechanism 110 includes a feeding guide bar 111 and a feeding roller 112 sequentially arranged along the feeding direction of the elastic core yarn, and the feeding speed of the elastic core yarn is 1.5 to 30m/min by the control of the feeding roller 112. The output mechanism 140 comprises an output yarn guide rod 141 and an output roller 142 which are sequentially arranged along the yarn conveying direction, and the output speed of the basalt fiber cross-wrapping type elastic composite core yarn is 1.5-30 m/min under the control of the output roller 142. The rotating speeds of the feeding roller 112 and the output roller 142 are controlled, so that the elastic core yarn is basically in a natural state in the basalt winding process, and the stability of a spring-like structure formed after the basalt fiber coats the elastic core yarn is facilitated.
In the step S2, the friction spinning is selected to coat the flame-retardant fiber on the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn, and the composite core yarn does not generate twist in the coating process in the mode, so that the loss of the structure and the strength of the basalt fiber is avoided. The yarn with the three-layer composite structure of basalt fiber coated elastic core yarn and surface coated flame-retardant fiber is prepared by the synergistic cooperation of the hollow spindle fancy twisting device 100 and friction spinning, and has flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties, and the elasticity of the basalt fiber and basalt composite fiber in the prior art is high.
Referring to fig. 2, the tension yarn guide 212 of the feeding unit 210 is used for clamping the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn, and adjusting the tension of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn to have an elongation of 5% -10% in cooperation with the output speed. The rotating speed of the two dust cages 220 is 3800-9200 r/min, the output speed of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn is 6-23 m/min, and the coiling speed is 9-25 m/min. In this way, the tension of the composite core yarn is adjusted by matching the rotation speed of the tension yarn guide 212 and the dust cage 220 with the output unit 240, so that the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is coated by the flame-retardant fiber in a stretched state, the coating effect of the flame-retardant fiber is improved, the interfacial friction force of the composite core yarn is reduced, and the comfort of the finally prepared basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarn is improved.
Specifically, a carding cover plate 233 wrapping the carding roller 232 is further arranged outside the carding roller 232, after the flame-retardant fiber strips are drawn by the drawing mechanism 231, the flame-retardant fiber strips are fed into the carding roller 232 to be carded into flame-retardant fiber strips, and under the action of air suction, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter wedge-shaped grooves formed by the two dust cages 220; the rotating speed of the carding roller 232 is 3200-7800 r/min. In actual production, the feeding speed of the flame-retardant fiber is changed according to the quantity of basalt fibers on the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn and the diameter change of the core yarn, and the feeding speed is increased along with the quantity increase and the diameter increase of the basalt fibers.
More specifically, the output and winding of basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarns are respectively completed by an output unit 240 and a winding drum 250, wherein the output unit 240 comprises a yarn feeding roller jaw 241, a yarn guiding hook 242 and a yarn guiding traversing device 243; the yarn feeding roller jaw 241 is disposed on a side surface of the dust cage 220, the yarn guiding traversing device 243 is disposed below the winding drum 250, and the yarn guiding traversing device 243 is used for supporting the yarn guiding hook 242 to realize lateral movement of the yarn guiding hook 242. The yarn output from the dust cage 220 is directly input into the yarn feeding roller jaw 241, continuously passes through the yarn guiding hook 242, and is wound on the winding drum 250 to finish winding.
In some embodiments, the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is wound onto the winding mechanism 160, then placed in the core stock bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and fed into the friction spinning machine 200 for subsequent coating of the flame retardant fiber.
In some embodiments, the hollow spindle bobbin package 130 is formed by winding basalt fiber onto a hollow spindle bobbin by Z-twisting or S-twisting basalt fiber by a winding device of the fancy twisting device 100, to obtain a hollow spindle bobbin package 130 wound with basalt fiber, and then mounting it on the upper hollow spindle 121 and/or the lower hollow spindle 122.
In some specific embodiments, the bobbin 150 around which the elastic core yarn is wound is suspended from the top creel of the fancy twisting device 100.
According to the invention, the basalt fiber is wound on the elastic core yarn by using the hollow spindle fancy twisting device to form a high-elasticity spring-like structure, and the surface of the basalt fiber is continuously coated with the flame-retardant fiber by using the friction spinning machine, so that the skin-friendly yarn with good mechanical properties and flame-retardant and heat-insulating effects is finally prepared, and the basalt fiber in the yarn has no self-twisting and complete structure, so that the defects of the existing basalt fiber fabric in weaving and application are overcome.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarns, wherein elastic core yarns are silicone tubes with diameters of 0.5mm, basalt fibers are 25tex, and flame-retardant nylon is used as a raw material of flame-retardant fibers; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting elastic core yarns unwound from a yarn tube 150 into an upper hollow yarn running channel of an upper hollow spindle 121 through a feeding mechanism 110 of a hollow spindle fancy twisting device 100, enabling basalt filament fibers unwound from a hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the upper hollow spindle 121 to enter the upper hollow yarn running channel, intersecting with the elastic core yarns in the upper hollow yarn running channel, and enabling the basalt filament fibers to be positively wound on the surface of the elastic core yarns under the high-speed rotation action of the upper hollow spindle 121 driving the hollow spindle yarn tube package 130 to form basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarns; the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapped elastic yarn is output from the upper hollow yarn channel, then enters the lower hollow yarn channel of the lower hollow spindle 122, the basalt filament fiber unwound from the hollow spindle bobbin package 130 inserted on the outer surface of the lower hollow spindle 122 enters the lower hollow yarn channel, and is intersected with the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapped elastic yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel, the basalt filament fiber is reversely wrapped on the surface layer of the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapped elastic yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle bobbin package 130 driven by the lower hollow spindle 122, so that a basalt fiber cross wrapped elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure is formed, the basalt fiber cross wrapped elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel, and then is output by the output mechanism 140 and wound by the winding mechanism 160, and finally an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package is formed;
wherein the rotating speed of the upper hollow spindle 121 is 3000r/min, the rotating speed of the lower hollow spindle 122 is 2500r/min, the feeding speed of the elastic core yarn is 2m/min, and the output speed of the basalt fiber cross-wrapped elastic composite core yarn is 2.5m/min;
s2, arranging the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package in the core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and feeding the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction through the yarn guide holes 211 and the tension yarn guide 212 of the feeding unit 210 of the friction spinning machine 200; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism 231 of the friction spinning machine 200 and are split by a carding roller 232 to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter a wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of the surfaces of the two dust cages 220 rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns to form basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns, and the basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns are output through an output unit 240 and finally wound on a winding drum.
Wherein, the elongation of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is 10%; the speed of the carding roller 232 is 3500r/min and the speed of the dust cage 220 is 4000r/min.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, fig. 3 is a microstructure of the elastic basalt fiber composite yarn in example 1, fig. 4 is a microstructure of the basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn prepared in example 1, and fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic skin-friendly yarn in fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 3, under the irradiation of microscope light, the basalt fiber reflects light, and the basalt fiber is uniformly coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn. As can be seen from fig. 4 to 5, the flame-retardant fibers on the surface of the obtained elastic skin-friendly yarn are uniformly wrapped, and basalt fibers are not leaked out.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a method for preparing pure basalt fiber, which is prepared by drawing basalt stone through holes of a platinum rhodium alloy plate in a molten state, and has a linear density of 25tex.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a method for preparing flame-retardant basalt core-spun yarn, which is different from example 1 in that step S1 is not performed, the bobbin around which basalt fiber is wound is directly placed on the core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and the coating of flame-retardant fiber is performed, and the rest is substantially the same as example 1, and is not repeated here.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the preparation method of the flame retardant basalt core-spun yarn provided in the comparative example 3 and the preparation method of the flame retardant basalt core-spun yarn provided in the embodiment 1 is that in the step S1, the basalt fiber and the elastic core yarn are twisted by a ring spinning frame to obtain a composite yarn, and the composite yarn is placed on the core material storage bin 260 of the friction spinning machine 200, and the rest is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, and the description thereof is omitted.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 provides a method for preparing flame-retardant basalt core-spun yarn, which is different from example 1 in that in step S1, the feeding speed of the elastic core yarn is 35m/min, the output speed of the basalt fiber cross-wrapped elastic composite core yarn is 35m/min, and the rest is substantially the same as example 1, and is not repeated here.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 provides a method for preparing flame retardant basalt core-spun yarn, which is different from example 1 in that in step S1, the rotation speed of the upper hollow spindle 121 is 2800r/min, the rotation speed of the lower hollow spindle 122 is 2300r/min, and the rest is substantially the same as example 1, and the details are not repeated here.
The yarns prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were tested for strength, elongation at break and flame retardant properties, wherein the flame retardant properties were characterized by the time from calcination to breaking of the yarn by calcining the yarn with open flame, and the results obtained are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of Performance test of yarns prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5
| Strong (cN) | Elongation at break (%) | Yarn flame retardant test/s | |
| Example 1 | 1123 | 233.6 | 5.01 |
| Comparative example 1 | 821.1 | 2.4 | 0.64 |
| Comparative example 2 | 324.6 | 2.6 | 1.05 |
| Comparative example 3 | 956.2 | 3.2 | 1.36 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1056.9 | 163.9 | 4.24 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1121.5 | 78.6 | 3.12 |
As is clear from Table 1, the basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn prepared in example 1 has slightly improved strength, far higher elongation at break than the three yarns of comparative examples 1 to 3, and far higher flame retardant property than the three yarns, compared with comparative examples 1 to 3. The elastic skin-friendly yarns of example 1 have higher elongation at break than the two yarns of comparative examples 4-5, and also have better flame retardancy than the yarns of comparative examples 4-5, as compared to comparative examples 4-5.
Referring to fig. 6, the flame retardant performance test process and the results of the yarns of example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown. As can be seen from the graph, when the yarn is calcined by open flame, the yarn prepared in the example 1 is blackened but not broken after calcining for 3s, and the yarn calcined for 1s of the comparative examples 1-2 is broken, which shows that the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn prepared in the example 1 has higher flame retardant property.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the obtained elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is repeated once in step S1, that is, 4 basalt fibers are coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn, and the rest is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the obtained elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn is repeated twice in step S1, i.e. 6 basalt fibers are coated on the surface of the elastic core yarn, and the rest is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a preparation method of basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn, which is different from embodiment 1 in that basalt fibers are 12.5tex, and the rest is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein.
Example 5
The present embodiment provides a method for preparing basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn, which is different from embodiment 1 in that basalt fibers are 50tex, and the rest is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is not described herein.
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 6 provides a method for preparing flame retardant basalt core-spun yarn, which is different from example 1 in that basalt fiber is 75tex, and the rest is substantially the same as example 1, and is not repeated here.
The yarns prepared in examples 2-5 and comparative example 6 were tested for strength, elongation at break, and flame retardant properties, wherein the flame retardant properties were characterized by the time from calcination to breaking of the yarn using an open flame calcined yarn, and the results obtained are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 results of performance test of yarns prepared in examples 2 to 5 and comparative example 6
| Strong (cN) | Elongation at break (%) | Yarn flame retardant test/s | |
| Example 2 | 1164.7 | 213.5 | 5.45 |
| Example 3 | 1149.4 | 163.8 | 6.23 |
| Example 4 | 621.5 | 225.9 | 4.35 |
| Example 5 | 1462.3 | 205.6 | 5.81 |
| Comparative example 6 | 624.2 | 221.6 | 3.24 |
As can be seen from Table 2, in examples 1 to 3, the elongation at break gradually decreases with increasing number of basalt windings, but the flame retardant property gradually improves, and the selection of yarn and preparation parameters can be performed according to the application requirements in actual production; the yarn strength in examples 1 and 4 to 5 is changed with the number of basalt fibers on the outer layer, and the flame retardant property is improved with the number of basalt fibers; however, in comparative example 6, basalt fiber with 75tex specification is adopted, and the basalt fiber is broken in the coating process, so that the elastic composite yarn of the basalt fiber coated silicone tube with good coating effect is difficult to obtain, and the strength and the flame retardant property of the elastic composite yarn are poor.
In summary, the invention provides a basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn and a preparation method thereof, the yarn sequentially comprises an elastic core yarn, a basalt fiber layer and a flame-retardant fiber layer from inside to outside, basalt fibers in the basalt fiber layer are spirally wound on the elastic core yarn, and the basalt fibers and the elastic core yarn form a spring-like structure. Firstly, adopting a hollow spindle fancy twisting device, spirally winding basalt fibers on the surface of elastic core yarns, and simultaneously controlling the input speed of the elastic core yarns, the rotating speeds of upper and lower hollow spindles and the types and diameters of the core yarns to control the screw pitches of the basalt fibers on the surface of the elastic core yarns, so that the breakage of the basalt fibers is avoided; in the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn with the spring-like structure, which is prepared by the hollow spindle fancy twisting device, basalt fibers are not subjected to self-twisting, only winding twist is generated, the problem of structural loss caused by the self-twisting of the basalt fibers in the prior art is avoided, and the composite core yarn is endowed with high strength and high elasticity; and then friction spinning is adopted to coat flame-retardant fibers on the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn, so that twist is not generated in the coating process, and the mechanical property loss of the basalt fibers is avoided. The invention overcomes the technical prejudice that basalt fiber has high rigidity and brittleness and can only be used as core yarn in core-spun yarn, and the spring-like structure of basalt fiber coated elastic core yarn is obtained by the cooperative cooperation of the hollow spindle fancy twisting device and friction spinning, and the basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarn with good mechanical property, high elasticity and strong flame retardance and heat insulation performance is formed by continuously coating flame retardant fiber on the surface of the spring-like structure, so that the yarn has high comfortableness and wide application value and is suitable for materials such as fire-fighting life ropes, fire-fighting clothes, fire-extinguishing blankets, fire-fighting tents and the like.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn is characterized by sequentially comprising an elastic core yarn, a basalt fiber layer and a flame-retardant fiber layer from inside to outside, wherein basalt fibers in the basalt fiber layer are spirally wound on the elastic core yarn, and the basalt fibers and the elastic core yarn form a spring-like structure; the breaking elongation of the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn is 100% -200%.
2. The basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn according to claim 1, wherein the basalt fibers have a linear density of 8tex to 50tex, and the number of basalt fibers in a spiral shape is 2 to 8.
3. The basalt fiber layered cross-over coating type elastic skin-friendly yarn according to claim 1, wherein the elastic core yarn is a spandex elastic filament or an elastic silicone tube, the diameter of the spandex elastic filament is 15-560 denier, and the diameter of the elastic silicone tube is 0.1-2.0 mm.
4. The basalt fiber layered cross-over coating elastic skin-friendly yarn of claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the flame-retardant fiber layer comprise one or more of flame-retardant nylon, aramid 1313, flame-retardant viscose, flame-retardant acrylic, alginate fiber and polyimide fiber.
5. A method for preparing the basalt fiber layered cross-coating elastic skin-friendly yarn according to claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting elastic core yarns unwound from bobbins into an upper hollow yarn passage of an upper hollow spindle through a feeding mechanism of a hollow spindle fancy twisting device, introducing basalt filament fibers unwound from a hollow spindle bobbin package inserted on the outer surface of the upper hollow spindle into the upper hollow yarn passage, intersecting with the elastic core yarns in the upper hollow yarn passage, and enabling the basalt filament fibers to be positively wound on the surface of the elastic core yarns under the action of high-speed rotation of the hollow spindle bobbin package driven by the upper hollow spindle to form basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarns; the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarn is output from the upper hollow yarn channel, then enters a lower hollow yarn channel of a lower hollow spindle, basalt filament fibers unwound from a hollow spindle bobbin package inserted on the outer surface of the lower hollow spindle enter the lower hollow yarn channel, are intersected with the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarn in the lower hollow yarn channel, and are reversely wrapped on the surface layer of the basalt fiber unidirectional wrapping elastic yarn under the high-speed rotation action of the hollow spindle bobbin package driven by the lower hollow spindle to form basalt fiber cross wrapping elastic composite core yarn with a spring-like structure, and the basalt fiber cross wrapping elastic composite core yarn passes through the lower hollow yarn channel and is output by an output mechanism and wound by a winding mechanism to finally form an elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package;
s2, arranging the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package in the core material storage bin of the friction spinning machine, and feeding the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn unwound from the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarn package into a wedge-shaped groove formed by a pair of dust cages rotating in the same direction through a yarn guide hole and a tension yarn guide of a feeding unit of the friction spinning machine; simultaneously, the flame-retardant fiber strips are sequentially drawn by a drawing mechanism of a friction spinning machine and are combed by a combing roller to form flame-retardant fiber strips, the flame-retardant fiber strips enter a wedge-shaped groove through a fiber conveying channel and are converged with the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns, under the action of two dust cage surfaces rotating in the same direction, the two sides of the flame-retardant fiber strips respectively obtain upward and downward friction power to drive the flame-retardant fiber strips to be coated on the surfaces of the elastic basalt fiber composite core yarns to form basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns, and the basalt fiber layered cross-coated elastic skin-friendly yarns are output through an output unit and finally wound on a winding drum.
6. The method for preparing basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn according to claim 5, wherein in step S1, the rotation speed of the upper hollow spindle is 2800-3200 r/min, and the rotation speed of the lower hollow spindle is 2300-2800 r/min.
7. The method for preparing basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn according to claim 5, wherein in step S1, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding yarn guide rod and a feeding roller which are sequentially arranged along the input direction of the elastic core yarn, and the feeding speed of the elastic core yarn is 1.5-30 m/min.
8. The method for preparing basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarns according to claim 7, wherein the output mechanism comprises an output yarn guide rod and an output roller which are sequentially arranged along the yarn conveying direction, and the output speed of the basalt fiber cross-wrapping elastic composite core yarn is 1.5-30 m/min.
9. The method for preparing basalt fiber layered cross-over coating type elastic skin-friendly yarn according to claim 5, wherein in step S2, the rotational speed of two dust cages is 3800-9200 r/min, the output speed of basalt fiber layered cross-over coating type elastic skin-friendly yarn is 6-23 m/min, and the winding speed is 9-25 m/min.
10. The method for preparing basalt fiber layered cross-wrapping elastic skin-friendly yarn according to claim 5, wherein in the step S2, the rotating speed of the carding roller is 3200-7800 r/min.
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