CN117210722A - Additive manufacturing multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910019580 Cr Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910019817 Cr—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910002555 FeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The application discloses a multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy for additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; ni:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; mn:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; cr:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; zr:0.6 to 2.5 weight percent; the balance of Al. The application adds a plurality of heat-resistant elements into the Al alloy, optimizes the alloy components and forms Al 9 FeNi and Al 6 M (Mn, fe) disperse phase, under the precondition of guaranteeing alloy strength, improve the thermal stability performance of Al alloy under the medium-high temperature environment, the crystal grain structure of the product part obtained is tiny and uniform, no crack, have excellent mechanical properties, guaranteeThe mechanical property at room temperature and the excellent high-temperature property.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy for additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Al alloy has the excellent performances of high specific strength, good thermal conductivity, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and has very wide application in the advanced technological fields of space rockets, space shuttles, satellites and the like. With the continuous progress of the technological level, new pursuits are also continuously being proposed for the characteristics of high strength, light weight, heat resistance and the like of alloy materials. The additive manufacturing technology provides a new method and a new idea for solving the problems by virtue of multiple advantages of short period, high material utilization rate, high design freedom and the like and facing new requirements under new situation. Based on the high degree of freedom of additive manufacturing in alloy component design, related researches on an Al alloy system for additive manufacturing are vigorously developed, and researches show that the addition of heat-resistant elements such as Cr, mn, ni, fe, zr in an Al alloy can provide good solid solution strengthening effect, certain reactions can be generated between the elements to form a strengthening phase, grains are further refined, mechanical properties are strengthened, and heat resistance of the alloy is also possibly improved.
Conventional additive manufactured 4xxx, 7xxx aluminum alloys may meet the light, high strength use standards when in service at room temperature, but the inherent softening problems in medium and high temperature environments limit further development of Al alloys. Therefore, how to optimize the alloy components, so that the thermally stable nano phase with higher volume fraction and dispersion distribution is formed inside the alloy, thereby improving the thermal stability of the Al alloy becomes a current great research hot spot.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the application and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description of the application and in the title of the application, which may not be used to limit the scope of the application.
The present application has been made in view of the above and/or problems occurring in the prior art.
One of the purposes of the application is to provide a multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy manufactured by additive, and the obtained product part has fine and uniform grain structure, no cracks and excellent mechanical properties.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides the following technical scheme: additive manufacturing of a multi-component heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, said alloy consisting of, in mass fractions: fe:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; ni:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; mn:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; cr:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; zr:0.6 to 2.5 weight percent; the balance of Al.
As a preferred scheme for additive manufacturing of the multi-component heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy according to the application, wherein: the alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
As a preferred scheme for additive manufacturing of the multi-component heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy according to the application, wherein: the alloy has the following characteristics:
(a) The tensile strength at room temperature is 470-527 MPa, and the elongation at break is 7-11%;
(b) The tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 310-395 MPa;
(c) The tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 250-329 MPa, and the elongation at break is 5-9%;
(d) The average hardness is 151 to 168HV0.5.
It is a further object of the present application to provide a method of preparing a multi-component heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy for additive manufacturing according to any of the above, comprising,
preparing a metal raw material according to mass fraction, and preparing prealloy powder after vacuum smelting and atomizing to prepare powder;
and (3) carrying out 3D printing on the prealloyed powder after mechanical screening, heat preservation and drying.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method for additively manufacturing the multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, the application comprises the following steps: the vacuum smelting is carried out at 650-900 ℃ and the air pressure is 0.5-0.6 MPa.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method for additively manufacturing the multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, the application comprises the following steps: the atomization powder preparation is carried out under the argon atmosphere, and the gas atomization pressure is 7.5-8.5 MPa.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method for additively manufacturing the multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, the application comprises the following steps: the average grain diameter after the mechanical screening is 15-53 mu m.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method for additively manufacturing the multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, the application comprises the following steps: and 3D printing is performed, wherein the forming parameters are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 200-400W, the scanning speed is 800-1200W, the layer thickness is 0.02-0.05 mm, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.2 mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method for additively manufacturing the multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, the application comprises the following steps: and the method further comprises the step of carrying out heat treatment, heat preservation and annealing on the 3D printed alloy after additive manufacturing.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method for additively manufacturing the multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, the application comprises the following steps: the heat treatment temperature is 300-325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
the application designs a novel multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy powder special for additive manufacturing, innovates and verifies heat-resistant Al alloy components, and forms Al 9 FeNi and Al 6 M (Mn, fe) disperse phase, on the premise of guaranteeing alloy strength, improve the thermal stability of Al alloy under the medium-high temperature environment. The Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy powder prepared by the scheme is combined with printing parameter optimization, and the obtained product part has fine and uniform grain structure, no cracks and excellent mechanical property.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a scanning topography of an additive manufactured multicomponent heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy powder prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a gold phase diagram of an additive manufactured multicomponent heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scan of an additive manufactured multicomponent heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of the additive manufactured multicomponent heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy prepared in example 1 at 200 ℃.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials used in the examples were commercially available.
In the high temperature tensile test according to the following examples, the temperature rise rate was 10℃per minute, and the temperature was kept for half an hour before stretching to achieve heat balance.
Example 1
Preparing additive to manufacture multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy components, wherein the components comprise the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the alloy powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Vacuum smelting, namely weighing raw materials of the metal blocks according to the mass ratio of each element, and heating and smelting the raw materials into prealloy in a vacuum induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 800 ℃ and the air pressure is 0.6MPa;
(2) Atomizing to prepare powder, namely transferring the prealloy into an atomizing tank, atomizing metal molten drops by utilizing argon, wherein the atomizing air pressure is 8MPa, and obtaining prealloy powder;
(3) Mechanically sieving, and carrying out screening treatment on the prealloyed powder to obtain metal powder with the particle size range of 15-53 mu m;
(4) And (3) carrying out heat preservation and drying, putting the sieved powder into a drying oven, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 hours, the heat preservation temperature is 90 ℃, and the raw material powder required by printing is obtained, and the powder morphology is shown in figure 1.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees; to obtain the multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy component.
The microstructure of the obtained component is shown in figure 2, the alloy scanning diagram is shown in figure 3, no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density are achieved; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength is 527MPa at room temperature and the elongation at break exceeds 9.0%; the tensile curve of the alloy at 200 ℃ is shown in figure 4, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 390 MPa, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is up to 329MPa, and the elongation at break is more than 7.0%. The average hardness reaches 168HV0.5.
The above sample was subjected to heat treatment: the heat treatment temperature is 325 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6 hours, and the room temperature tensile strength is improved to 546MPa after the heat treatment.
Example 2
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2.5wt%; ni:2.5wt%; mn:2.5wt%; cr:2.5wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 DEG
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 515MPa, the elongation at break is 8.5%, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 365 MPa, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 307MPa, and the elongation at break is 6.3%. The average hardness reaches 162HV0.5.
Example 3
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:3wt%; ni:3wt%; mn:3wt%; cr:3wt%; zr:0.9wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 DEG
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 481MPa, the elongation at break is 7.2%, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 322MPa, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 269MPa, and the elongation at break is 5.0%. The average hardness reaches 154HV0.5.
Example 4
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:1.5wt%; ni:1.5wt%; mn:1.5wt%; cr:1.5wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 518MPa, the elongation at break is 9.5%, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 346MPa, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 292MPa, and the elongation at break is 7.5%. The average hardness reaches 151HV0.5.
Example 5
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:1wt%; ni:1wt%; mn:1wt%; cr:1wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 492MPa, the elongation at break is more than 10.2%, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 337MPa, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 283MPa, and the elongation at break is more than 9%. The average hardness reaches 157HV0.5.
Example 6
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:1wt%; cr:1wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 521MPa, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 323MPa, and the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 280MPa. The average hardness reaches 161HV0.5.
Example 7
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:1wt%; ni:1wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 472MPa, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 304MPa, and the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 262MPa. The average hardness reaches 153HV0.5.
Example 8
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:1.5wt%; ni:1.5wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 491MPa, the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 312MPa, and the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 269MPa. The average hardness reaches 157HV0.5.
Example 9
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 476MPa.
Example 10
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the scanning power of the laser is 350W, the scanning speed is 800mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 473MPa.
Example 11
The multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy member samples obtained in example 1 were each subjected to the following heat treatment experiments.
(1) The heat treatment temperature is 275 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours; after heat treatment, the room temperature tensile strength is 531MPa.
(2) The heat treatment temperature is 375 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours; after heat treatment, the room temperature tensile strength is 508MPa.
(3) The heat treatment temperature is 325 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 hours; after heat treatment, the room temperature tensile strength is 535MPa.
(4) The heat treatment temperature is 325 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours; after heat treatment, the room temperature tensile strength is 519MPa.
Comparative example 1
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 250W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 363MPa.
Comparative example 2
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 300W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 453MPa.
Comparative example 3
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 450W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 398MPa.
Comparative example 4
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1200mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The obtained component has no obvious cracks, no obvious hole defects and high density; high thermal stability. The mechanical property test of the parts shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is 465MPa.
Comparative example 5
The additive manufacturing multicomponent heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:4wt%; ni:4wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
The same preparation method as in example 1 was used to obtain raw material powder required for printing.
The laser parameters of the powder for 3D printing are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/min, the layer thickness is 0.02mm, the scanning interval is 0.2mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
The cracking phenomenon of the obtained component is serious, and the mechanical property test of the component shows that the tensile strength at room temperature is only 324MPa.
The application discloses a multi-component heat-resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy manufactured by additive and a preparation method thereof, wherein metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: fe:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; ni:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; mn:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; cr:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; zr:0.6 to 2.5 weight percent; the balance of Al. The prealloyed powder is prepared after smelting and atomizing the powder, and the product obtained by additive manufacturing has fine and uniform structure, no crack, almost no hole defect, excellent mechanical property and thermal stability, 470-527 MPa of tensile strength at room temperature and more than 7-11% of elongation at break; the tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 310-395 MPa; the tensile strength is 250-329 MPa at 300 ℃, and the elongation at break is more than 5-9%; the average hardness is 151 to 168HV0.5. After heat treatment, the tensile strength is further improved to 546MPa.
Under the special conditions of rapid solidification and unbalanced solidification in additive manufacturing, the alloying elements used for modification in the Al alloy have the combined action that a strengthening phase with good thermal stability can be formed, and the strengthening phase can generate a certain pinning effect in the alloy, so that the stability and mechanical property of the alloy in a medium-high temperature environment are improved. In addition, because of the interaction and lattice distortion among different atoms, the effective diffusion rate of the atoms is influenced, and a weak delayed diffusion effect is generated, so that the grain coarsening and recrystallization trend of the alloy at high temperature is reduced, and the thermal stability of the alloy is improved. Fe. The combined action of Ni elements is that the Ni elements have slow diffusion effect in Al alloy, and the Ni elements have the following effectsUnder the optimal technological parameters, the fast solidification can promote eutectic Al 9 FeNi phase is uniformly distributed to promote the refinement of the structure, generate precipitation strengthening effect and Al 9 The FeNi phase still has good thermal stability at 300 ℃, thereby improving the thermal stability of the Al alloy at 300-400 ℃. Fe. The Mn element has the function of forming Al 6 M (Mn, fe) dispersed particles, raise the recrystallization temperature and obviously refine the recrystallized grains. The Cr and Zr elements have the effects that the additive manufacturing technology is utilized to rapidly solidify, and the additive manufacturing technology is dissolved in the Al alloy under the unbalanced solidification condition to form a multiphase solid solution structure, so that the grain size is effectively refined, and a certain solid solution strengthening is generated.
In addition, the interaction of the above elements can also generate a new heat resistance strengthening effect, and further improves the mechanical property and heat resistance of the Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present application may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An additive manufacturing multi-component heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy, characterized by: the alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: fe:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; ni:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; mn:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; cr:0.9 to 3.5 weight percent; zr:0.6 to 2.5 weight percent; the balance of Al.
2. Additive manufactured multicomponent heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the alloy consists of the following components in percentage by mass: fe:2wt%; ni:2wt%; mn:2wt%; cr:2wt%; zr:1wt%; the balance of Al.
3. Additive manufactured multicomponent heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the alloy has the following characteristics:
(a) The tensile strength at room temperature is 470-527 MPa, and the elongation at break is 7-11%;
(b) The tensile strength at 200 ℃ is 310-395 MPa;
(c) The tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 250-329 MPa, and the elongation at break is 5-9%;
(d) The average hardness is 151 to 168HV0.5.
4. A method of preparing a multi-component heat resistant Al-Fe-Ni-Mn-Cr-Zr alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,
preparing a metal raw material according to mass fraction, and preparing prealloy powder after vacuum smelting and atomizing to prepare powder;
and (3) carrying out 3D printing on the prealloyed powder after mechanical screening, heat preservation and drying.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein: the vacuum smelting is carried out at 650-900 ℃ and the air pressure is 0.5-0.6 MPa.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein: the atomization powder preparation is carried out under the argon atmosphere, and the gas atomization pressure is 7.5-8.5 MPa.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein: the average grain diameter after the mechanical screening is 15-53 mu m.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein: and 3D printing is performed, wherein the forming parameters are as follows: the preheating temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser scanning power is 200-400W, the scanning speed is 800-1200W, the layer thickness is 0.02-0.05 mm, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.2 mm, and the interlayer rotation angle is 67 degrees.
9. The production method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein: and the method further comprises the step of carrying out heat treatment, heat preservation and annealing on the 3D printed alloy after additive manufacturing.
10. The method of preparing as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the heat treatment temperature is 300-325 ℃, the heating speed is 50 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h.
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