CN117209797A - Preparation method of plasticized cellulose - Google Patents
Preparation method of plasticized cellulose Download PDFInfo
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- CN117209797A CN117209797A CN202311295988.4A CN202311295988A CN117209797A CN 117209797 A CN117209797 A CN 117209797A CN 202311295988 A CN202311295988 A CN 202311295988A CN 117209797 A CN117209797 A CN 117209797A
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Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of plasticized cellulose, and belongs to the technical field of recycling waste plastics and wood fibers. The application cracks waste plastics into air flow, and the lignocellulose is heated and fumigated by using high-temperature monomer micromolecular air flow. Under the action of heat, monomer small molecules of the plastic can be drilled into intermolecular pores of lignocellulose particles, and the monomer small molecules of the plastic and cellulose molecules are automatically condensed into a whole to obtain a raw material product, namely plasticized cellulose. The plasticized cellulose prepared by the application has the property of plastics and the degradability of lignocellulose, so that waste plastics are turned from white pollution into valuable industrial resources.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of recycling of waste plastics and wood fibers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of plasticized cellulose.
Background
The plastic is a macromolecular compound (macromolecules) polymerized by polyaddition or polycondensation reaction with monomer as raw material, and its deformation resistance is intermediate between fibre and rubber, and is composed of synthetic resin and additive such as filler, plasticizer, stabilizer, lubricant and pigment. The main component of the plastic is resin. The resin is a polymer compound which has not been mixed with various additives. The term resin is originally named by lipids secreted from animals and plants, such as rosin, shellac, etc. The resin accounts for 40-100% of the total weight of the plastic. The basic properties of plastics are mainly determined by the nature of the resin, but additives also play an important role. Some plastics consist essentially of synthetic resins, with no or little additives, such as organic glass.
The plastic has relatively stable properties, and cannot be self-degraded or biodegradable under natural environment conditions. Waste plastics are accumulated on the earth to form white pollution, so that the ecological environment of the earth is polluted and destroyed.
Meanwhile, agricultural and forestry production waste such as crop straws, greening waste branches and leaves, chaff, peanut shells, bagasse, coconut shells, bajiao powder slag and the like can also produce environmental pollution if not treated. The wood-plastic board has the advantages of water resistance, moisture resistance, insect prevention, strong plasticity, colorful appearance, green environmental protection and the like, and gradually becomes a novel building material which is widely applied to the building decoration industry. However, the existing wood-plastic plate has the defects of poor heat conduction and fire resistance, insufficient strength, poor shock resistance and the like. Raw materials of the conventional wood-plastic plate are mainly original plastic master batch and high-plasticity plastic powder, and the raw materials are high in price, so that the production cost is high; urea-formaldehyde resin is generally used as a cementing agent, but the urea-formaldehyde resin contains formaldehyde, is a cancerogenic substance and can influence human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a preparation method of plasticized cellulose, which recycles waste plastics, waste lignocellulose-containing materials and the like to produce the plasticized cellulose, which has excellent thermoplasticity, oxidation resistance, toughness and biodegradability.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing plasticized cellulose, comprising the steps of:
heating waste plastics and a catalyst together to generate air flow, and cooling the air flow to obtain pyrolysis liquid;
mixing the pyrolysis liquid with waste plastics, and heating by the airflow to obtain liquid plastics;
mixing liquid plastic and a catalyst, and then heating and cracking to obtain a cracking gas flow;
heating the lignocellulose material by the cracking gas flow, and plasticizing to obtain the lignocellulose material.
The plasticized cellulose prepared by the application is mainly characterized in that: the plastic product comprises toughness, elasticity and thermoplasticity of the plastic and also comprises the hardness and the degradability of lignocellulose, so that the plastic product is upgraded, and the service performance and the application range of the plastic product are improved.
Further, the waste plastics are waste polyethylene plastics, polypropylene plastics, polystyrene plastics, polyvinyl chloride plastics and the like, and specifically comprise woven bags, packaging bags, food bags, PE barrels and protective fences.
Further, the mass of the catalyst is 1-5% of that of the waste plastics, and the temperature of the generated air flow is 400-450 ℃;
preferably, the temperature of the waste plastic and the catalyst after being heated together is 420 ℃.
Further, the mass ratio of the pyrolysis liquid to the waste plastic is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the liquid plastic to the catalyst is 100:1-5.
Further, the lignocellulosic material comprises at least one of straw, chaff, bamboo chips, wood chips, nut shells, and bagasse.
Further, the mass of the pyrolysis gas stream is 20-35% of the mass of the lignocellulosic material.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has at least the following advantages:
1. the application discloses a preparation method of plasticized cellulose, which is characterized in that waste plastics are cracked into single molecular air flow under the conditions of no oxygen, high temperature (preferably 420 ℃) and catalyst, and then the single molecular air flow at high temperature is used for heating molecular particles of lignocellulose. The single molecule of the plastic is heated and pressed, can be drilled into gaps of molecular particles of the cellulose, and the molecules of the cellulose are condensed into a novel organic matter, namely the plasticized cellulose of the application, which can also be called as plastic cellulose.
2. The plastic cellulose prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the application is a composite of plastic and cellulose, so that the thermoplastic property and the oxidation resistance of the plastic are reserved, the hardness, the toughness and the biodegradability of the cellulose are reserved, the service performance of a later-stage product taking the plastic cellulose as a raw material can be improved, and the plastic cellulose can be self-degraded in a natural environment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the molecular structure of a hydroxycellulose;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the molecular structure of PE-hydroxy cellulose;
FIG. 3 is a molecular structure diagram of PE-plastic cellulose prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of an instrument and process used in the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the conversion of gaseous, liquid and solid plastics;
FIG. 6 is an equation for the reaction of ethylene with hydroxycellulose;
FIG. 7 is a reaction equation for the condensation of two PE-hydroxycellulose to form dimeric PE-hydroxycellulose.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present application are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.
The principles and features of the present application are described below in connection with the following examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1
The present example provides a method for preparing plasticized cellulose using an apparatus as shown in fig. 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) Dissolving
Waste plastics are recovered, sorted, sheared and crushed, put into a dissolving tank (I) and capped and sealed.
The plastic lysate is pumped from the liquid tank (IV) with an injection amount of 1/3 of the capacity of the dissolution tank.
Introducing PE cracking gas flow with the temperature of 400 ℃ from a cracking furnace (II), heating and melting waste PE in a dissolving tank (I), and dissolving the PE in plastic cracking liquid to obtain liquid plastic.
(2) Cleavage of
Pumping the liquid plastic in the dissolving tank (I) into a cracking furnace (II), wherein the adding amount is 1/2 of that of the cracking furnace.
SiO addition 2 ·Al 2 O 3 The addition amount of the catalyst is 1 percent of the mass of the liquid plastic.
The electric heater is started to heat the liquid plastic, and the liquid plastic transfers heat in a convection mode, so that the temperature is uniformly increased.
When the temperature rises to 400 ℃, the liquid plastic is gasified into a plastic air flow, and is led out from the furnace top.
(3) Condensation
Introducing the plastic gas flow into a condensing calandria (III), cooling to below 60deg.C with circulating cooling water to obtain plastic pyrolysis liquid, and injecting into a liquid tank (IV) for storage.
(4) Plasticization
Lignocellulose (straw, chaff, bamboo scraps, wood dust, nut shells, bagasse and the like) is crushed into small particles, and the crushed plastic particles are added, wherein the mass ratio is 1:1.
Mixing, adding into plasticizing tank, and sealing. The plastic lysate is pumped from the liquid tank (IV) with an injection amount of 40% of the weight of the raw material. Then the mixed raw materials in the plasticizing groove are heated by plastic air flow with the temperature of 350 ℃ to about 300 ℃.
After the cellulose particles are heated, intermolecular pores are enlarged. Under the action of hot pressing, small monomer molecules in the plastic airflow can be drilled into pores of cellulose molecule particles to condense with cellulose molecules so as to plasticize the cellulose molecules.
The waste plastics in the raw materials are heated and then dissolved in the plastic pyrolysis liquid to obtain liquid plastics, the liquid plastics and the plasticized cellulose are mixed into a whole, and the liquid plastics can be rapidly solidified after cooling.
The raw material is discharged from the plasticizing tank, is bloomed into a billet, or is extruded into pellets. Then, hot rolling, cold rolling, stamping and other processes are adopted to produce wire rods, plates, profiles and plastic products.
The specific principle is shown in fig. 1-7. In the application, the molecular structure of the plastic is formed by connecting unsaturated carbon bonds among small molecules of the monomer. The cracking makes use of certain environment (such as oxygen-free, catalyst and heating) to separate two carbon bonds between two monomer molecules from the connection to obtain small monomer molecules. The essence of cracking is a process of switching from solid to liquid and gas directions. Polymerization and cleavage are a pair of reversible reactions, as shown in FIG. 5.
Waste polyethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic, polyvinyl chloride and the like can obtain gaseous monomer micromolecules in a cracking mode according to the principle.
In the application, cellulose and starch are organic matters synthesized by nature, and cellulose is divided into two main types: carboxyl cellulose and hydroxyl cellulose.
Wherein the molecular structural general formula of the carboxyl cellulose is as follows:
wherein, the molecular structural general formula of the hydroxyl cellulose is as follows:
so-called cellulose: (C) 6 H 10 O 5 ) n In practice it should be referred to as: ding Tangqing carboalkynes.
Belonging to acetylenic organic matters.
The molecular structure of the hydroxy cellulose is shown in figure 1, and the molecular structure of the PE-hydroxy cellulose is shown in figure 2. It can be seen that the chemical name of hydroxy cellulose should be: it is composed of four carbonyl groups and one hydrogen carbonyl alkyneFormed by interconnecting molecules and having the molecular formula C 6 H 10 O 5 . PE-hydroxy cellulose is a composite molecular structure formed by polycondensation of PE monomer small molecule ethylene and hydroxy cellulose, and FIG. 6 shows an equation for the reaction of ethylene with hydroxy cellulose (Ding Tangqing carboxyalkyne), and the product is C 8 H 14 O 5 。
FIG. 7 shows the condensation of two PE-hydroxycellulose to form dimeric PE-hydroxycellulose (C) 16 H 28 O 10 ) The molecular structure of the reaction equation, which is simply called plastic cellulose, is shown in fig. 3.
In conclusion, the method disclosed by the application has great social and economic benefits.
Wherein, the plastic product is softened by heating, is hard and crisp when being cooled, and has low use strength, thereby limiting the application range of the plastic. Especially, waste plastic products can not be degraded by themselves in natural environment any more, so that white pollution is formed. The application uses cellulose to modify waste plastics, improves the service performance of plastics and expands the application range. The plasticized fiber product can be self-degraded in natural environment, so that white pollution is solved from the source.
The plastic products are produced and used in China, and the annual consumption of the plastic products exceeds one hundred million tons, so that the plastic products are recycled by adopting the method provided by the application, and the plastic products have great economic value.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the application to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing plasticized cellulose, comprising the steps of:
heating waste plastics and a catalyst together to generate air flow, and cooling the air flow to obtain pyrolysis liquid;
mixing the pyrolysis liquid with waste plastics, and heating by the airflow to obtain liquid plastics;
mixing liquid plastic and a catalyst, and then heating and cracking to obtain a cracking gas flow;
heating the lignocellulose material by the cracking gas flow, and plasticizing to obtain the lignocellulose material.
2. The method for preparing plasticized cellulose according to claim 1, wherein the waste plastics are waste polyethylene plastics, polypropylene plastics, polystyrene plastics and polyvinyl chloride plastics.
3. The method for preparing plasticized cellulose according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the catalyst is 1-5% of that of the waste plastic, and the temperature of the generated gas flow is 400-450 ℃;
preferably, the temperature of the waste plastic and the catalyst after being heated together is 420 ℃.
4. The method for preparing plasticized cellulose according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pyrolysis liquid to the waste plastic is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the liquid plastic to the catalyst is 100:1-5.
5. The method of producing plasticized cellulose according to claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic material comprises at least one of straw, chaff, bamboo chips, wood chips, nut shells, and bagasse.
6. The method for producing plasticized cellulose according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the pyrolysis gas stream is 25 to 35% of the lignocellulosic material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311295988.4A CN117209797A (en) | 2023-10-08 | 2023-10-08 | Preparation method of plasticized cellulose |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311295988.4A CN117209797A (en) | 2023-10-08 | 2023-10-08 | Preparation method of plasticized cellulose |
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| CN117209797A true CN117209797A (en) | 2023-12-12 |
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