CN117207851A - Fuel cell low-temperature start control method, control device, and readable storage medium - Google Patents
Fuel cell low-temperature start control method, control device, and readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN117207851A CN117207851A CN202311132981.0A CN202311132981A CN117207851A CN 117207851 A CN117207851 A CN 117207851A CN 202311132981 A CN202311132981 A CN 202311132981A CN 117207851 A CN117207851 A CN 117207851A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A fuel cell low-temperature start control method, a control device and a readable storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S1: real-time acquisition of fuel cell system minimum power FCU_P fcsmin Maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of power battery maxchg Heating power BMS_P of power battery heating film heat Real-time power VCU_P of whole vehicle auxiliary system aux The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step S2: judging FCU_P fcsmin <BMS_P maxchg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux ‑δ 1 Whether or not to do so, where delta 1 To design the reserved power difference, if yes, go to step S3, if not, go to step S4 and re-determine whether the above condition is met until fcu_p is met fcsmin <BMS_P maxchg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux ‑δ 1 Step S5 is executed again; step S2: sending a fuel cell system start enable signal to the FCU and a battery thermal management electronic three-way valve start enable signal to the BMS; step S3: sending a fuel cell non-start enabling signal to the FCU and a fuel cell PTC heater start enabling signal to the BMS and sending a battery thermal management electronic three-way valve start enabling signal to the BMS; step S4: a fuel cell system start-up enable signal is sent to the FCU. The invention has little damage to the power battery during low-temperature start.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel automobiles, in particular to a low-temperature starting control method, a control device and a readable storage medium for a fuel cell of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile.
Background
Fuel cell vehicles are clean and pollution-free, and currently enter a commercial demonstration operation stage. Fuel cell automobiles mostly adopt a hybrid form consisting of a fuel cell and a power cell because of soft output characteristics and slow dynamic response of the fuel cell.
The power battery is a battery system for storing chemical energy internally, and can directly provide electric energy for the motor, the fuel battery depends on externally supplied fuel and reacts with oxygen to generate electric energy, and the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel battery can be directly converted into mechanical energy so as to achieve the purpose of driving the vehicle, and can also be stored in the power battery for later use.
Low temperature start is one of the main factors affecting commercialization of fuel cell vehicles, and means that the fuel cell vehicles can be successfully started at a temperature below 0 ℃ and the internal temperature of the fuel cell can be rapidly raised to 70-80 ℃ to meet the performance of normal operation.
When the fuel cell vehicle is started at low temperature, the power cell is used for supplying power, an electric heater is used for heating a cooling medium in a fuel cell cooling pipeline to realize the low-temperature starting of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell system disclosed in China patent publication No. 201611199616.1 comprises a fuel cell and a fuel cell cooling pipeline, wherein the fuel cell cooling pipeline is provided with the electric heater for heating the cooling medium in the fuel cell cooling pipeline when the fuel cell is started, and the electric heater is used for being connected with the power cell to take electricity from the power cell; the fuel cell system further comprises a heat exchanger for maintaining the temperature of the power cell, a first group of ports of the heat exchanger are connected in series in the fuel cell cooling pipeline, and a second group of ports of the heat exchanger are connected in series in the power cell cooling pipeline. After the fuel cell normally operates, when the temperature of the power cell is lower, the high-temperature cooling medium at the cooling medium inlet of the cooling pipeline of the fuel cell exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline of the power cell through the heat exchanger to keep the temperature of the power cell, so that the low-temperature environment adaptability of the power cell is improved.
At present, when the fuel cell is started at low temperature, electric quantity is generated, the generated electric quantity is used for charging the power cell except for consumption of a vehicle, and the charging capability of the power cell is poor at the current moment of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell, so that the hidden danger of damaging the power cell exists to a great extent when the fuel cell is started at low temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell low-temperature starting control method, a control device and a readable storage medium, which have little damage to a power cell during low-temperature starting.
A fuel cell low-temperature start control method is executed by a whole vehicle controller VCU and comprises the following steps:
step S1: real-time acquisition of fuel cell system minimum power FCU_P fcs min Maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of power battery max chg BMS-P with heating power of heating film of power battery heat Real-time power VCU_P of whole vehicle auxiliary system aux ；
Step S2: judging FCU_P fcs min ＜BMS_P max chg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux -δ 1 Whether or not to do so, where delta 1 To design the reserved power difference, if yes, go to step S3, if not, go to step S4 and re-determine whether the above condition is met until fcu_p is met fcs min ＜BMS_P max chg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux -δ 1 Step S5 is executed again;
step S3: sending a fuel cell system start enabling signal to the FCU and sending a power cell thermal management electronic three-way valve start enabling signal to the BMS;
step S4: sending a fuel cell non-start enabling signal to the FCU and a fuel cell PTC heater start enabling signal to the BMS and sending a power cell thermal management electronic three-way valve start enabling signal to the BMS;
step S5: a fuel cell system start-up enable signal is sent to the FCU.
Preferably, the start-up enable value vcu_p in the fuel cell system start-up enable signal in step S3 and step S5 fcs For VCU_P fcs ＝FCU_P fcs min 。
Preferably, the method further comprises step S6:
when BMS_Temp_OUT is equal to or larger than BMS_Temp_SET, a battery thermal management electronic three-way valve closing enabling signal is sent to the BMS, wherein BMS_Temp_OUT is power battery outlet cooling liquid temperature, and BMS_Temp_SET is preset power battery cooling liquid control temperature.
Preferably, the method further comprises a step S7 arranged after the step S6:
when fcu_temp_out > fcu_temp_set is established, a fuel cell PTC heater shutdown enable signal is sent to the FCU, where fcu_temp_out is the fuel cell outlet coolant temperature and fcu_temp_set is the preset fuel cell PTC heater shutdown temperature.
Preferably, the battery maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery is obtained max chg When the battery maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery is obtained in real time according to the temperature lookup data table of the power battery max chg Wherein, the data table stores the temperature of the power battery and the maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery corresponding to each temperature max chg 。
The invention also discloses a low-temperature starting control device of the fuel cell, which comprises a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing a computer program; the processor is configured to implement the fuel cell low-temperature start control method described in any one of the above technical solutions when executing the computer program.
The invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium, wherein the storage medium is stored with a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the fuel cell low-temperature start control method in any technical scheme is realized.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
and (2) the following steps: before the fuel cell is started at low temperature, the invention can prevent the fuel cell from being started when the power cell is not allowed to charge by pre-judging, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the power cell.
2: according to the invention, through the step S6, the temperature of the power battery is controlled, so that performance degradation and even thermal runaway caused by overhigh battery temperature are avoided.
3: in the invention, the damage caused by the overhigh temperature of the fuel cell is avoided through the step S7.
4: the invention obtains the maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery max chg When the battery maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery is obtained in real time according to the temperature lookup data table of the power battery max chg The data acquisition is simple and convenient, and the data acquisition time is shortened, so that the quick start is facilitated.
5: in the invention, a data judging step is also arranged between the step S1 and the step S2: if the minimum power of the battery system FCU_P fcs min If the fuel cell is 0, a fuel cell deactivation enable signal is sent to the FCU, an alarm command is sent, and step S2 is executed if not. This step avoids occurrence of a situation in which the determination condition in step S2 is satisfied and the power battery is not actually allowed to be charged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of controlling a low-temperature start of a fuel cell of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a connection between a fuel cell management system and a power cell management system.
Fig. 3 is a connection diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
FIG. 4 is another flow chart of a low temperature start control method.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 3, the conventional hydrogen fuel cell vehicle comprises a fuel cell system, a power cell management system BMS, a control system and a vehicle auxiliary system, wherein the control system comprises a vehicle controller VCU.
The fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell and a fuel cell management system, wherein the fuel cell system is communicated with the whole vehicle controller VCU through the fuel cell controller FCU, and some parameters of the fuel cell system such as the minimum power FCU_P of the fuel cell system are used for the fuel cell system fcs min That is, the power of the fuel cell is fed back to the vehicle controller VCU, and the fuel cell management system can manage the cell temperature of the fuel cell.
The power battery management system BMS is in communication connection with the whole vehicle controller VCU, and can feed back some performance parameters of the power battery, such as the maximum allowable continuous charging power of the power battery, to the whole vehicle controller VCU, and meanwhile, the battery temperature of the power battery can be managed through instructions issued by the whole vehicle controller VCU.
Referring to a connection diagram of the fuel cell management system and the power cell management system shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell management system includes a fuel cell cooling pipe 11, the fuel cell cooling liquid in the fuel cell cooling pipe 11 can absorb and emit heat to prevent overheating of the fuel cell 3, a fuel cell water pump 1, a fuel cell outlet temperature sensor 2, a fuel cell thermal management tee 8, a fuel cell PTC heater 9, a fuel cell thermal management electronic tee valve 10, the fuel cell PTC heater 9 being used for connection to a power cell, being powered by the power cell, another outlet of the fuel cell thermal management tee 8 and another outlet of the fuel cell thermal management electronic tee valve 10 being used for connection to a radiator are provided on the fuel cell cooling pipe 11;
the power battery management system comprises a power battery cooling pipe 12 which is connected to a fuel battery cooling pipe 11 through a battery thermal management tee 4 and a power battery thermal management electronic tee valve 7, wherein power battery cooling liquid is arranged in the power battery cooling pipe 12, a battery thermal management heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 5 and a battery thermal management heat exchanger 6 are arranged on the power battery cooling pipe 12, and after the battery thermal management tee 4 and the power battery thermal management electronic tee valve 7 are switched in channels, the fuel battery cooling pipe 11 is communicated with the power battery cooling pipe 12, so that heat exchange between the fuel battery cooling liquid and the power battery cooling liquid is realized, and the battery temperature of the power battery is controlled.
The whole vehicle auxiliary system is communicated and connected with the VCU of the whole vehicle controller.
Based on the existing hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the invention provides a brand new low-temperature starting control method of the fuel cell of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which is executed by a whole vehicle controller VCU, as shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: real-time acquisition of fuel cell system minimum power FCU_P fcs min Maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of power battery max chg Heating power BMS_P of power battery heating film heat (referring to the power of the power battery itself heating, not the power transferred by heating the cooling liquid), the real-time power VCU_P of the auxiliary system of the whole vehicle aux (the whole vehicle auxiliary system comprises an inherent inflating pump, a steering pump, an air conditioner, warm air and other systems of the vehicle);
step S2: judging FCU_P fcs min ＜BMS_P max chg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux -δ 1 Whether or not to do so, where delta 1 Reserving a power difference for the design;
if it is established that the fuel cell 3 is turned on at the minimum generated power, the amount of charge of the fuel cell 3 to the power cell is controlled within the maximum allowable charging range of the power cell, so that the power cell can be currently charged, and the power cell is not destroyed when being currently charged, and at this time, step S3 is performed, which includes: (1) the whole vehicle controller VCU sends a fuel cell system start enabling signal to the FCU to enable the FCU to control the fuel cell 3 to start at low temperature, (2) the whole vehicle controller VCU sends a power cell thermal management electronic three-way valve 7 start enabling signal to the BMS to enable the fuel cell cooling pipe 11 to be communicated with the power cell cooling pipe, so that the fuel cell cooling liquid which is heated up after the fuel cell 3 is started is enabled to transfer heat to the power cell cooling liquid, the power cell is heated, and the charging performance of the power cell is improved;
if not, it means that the amount of charge of the fuel cell 3 is still beyond the maximum allowable charge range of the power cell even if the fuel cell is turned on at the minimum generated power, and thus the power cell is currently not allowed to be charged, and at this time, step S4 is performed, where step S4 includes: (1) the vehicle control unit VCU sends a fuel cell non-start enabling signal to the FCU, so that the FCU can not control to start the fuel cell, and the power cell is protected, (2) the vehicle control unit VCU sends a fuel cell PTC heater start enabling signal to the FCU, so that the fuel cell PTC heater 9 is started, and electricity is taken from the power cell when the fuel cell PTC heater 9 is started, on one hand, the effective discharging current of the power cell is increased, the temperature rise of the power cell is promoted, and the maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the battery of the power cell is promoted max chg It is noted here that the battery maximum allowable continuous charging power bms_p of the power battery corresponding to the temperature of the power battery max chg The battery maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery is obtained by the whole vehicle controller VCU according to the temperature lookup data table of the power battery in real time max chg The data acquisition is simple and convenient, the data acquisition time is shortened, on the other hand, when the fuel cell PTC heater 9 is started, the fuel cell PTC heater heats the cooling liquid in the fuel cell cooling pipe 11, so that the temperature of the fuel cell cooling liquid is raised, (3) the whole vehicle controller VCU sends a power cell thermal management electronic three-way valve 7 start enabling signal to the BMS, so that the fuel cell cooling pipe 11 is communicated with the power cell cooling pipe, so that the fuel cell cooling liquid heated by the start of the fuel cell PTC heater 9 transfers heat to the power cell cooling liquid, the power cell is heated, and the charging performance of the power cell is further and rapidly improved;
after step S4, FCU_P needs to be determined again fcs min ＜BMS-P max chg +BMS-P heat +VCU_P aux -δ 1 Whether or not to establish until FCU_P is satisfied fcs min ＜BMS_P max chg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux -δ 1 Step S5 is executed again; step S5: a fuel cell system start enable signal is sent to the FCU to cause the FCU to control the start of the fuel cell 3.
Therefore, before the fuel cell is started at low temperature, the method can not start the fuel cell when the power cell is not allowed to charge through pre-judging, so that the purpose of protecting the power cell is achieved, when the starting condition is not met, a fuel cell PTC heater starting enabling signal is sent to the FCU, and a power cell thermal management electronic three-way valve starting enabling signal is sent to the BMS, so that the charging performance of the power cell is improved, and the fuel cell is started as quickly as possible.
In step S3, the start-up enable value VCU_P in the start-up enable signal fcs For VCU_P fcs ＝FCU_P fcs min I.e. start with minimum power, to start the fuel cell as fast as possible. Similarly, in step S5, the start-up enable value VCU-P in the start-up enable signal fcs Also VCU_P fcs ＝FCU_P fcs min 。
After the fuel cell is started at low temperature, the temperature of the power cell is gradually increased, the temperature of the power cell needs to be considered to be controlled, and the performance degradation and even the thermal runaway caused by the overhigh temperature of the power cell are avoided, so that the method further comprises the step S6:
when BMS_Temp_OUT is more than or equal to BMS_Temp_SET, a battery thermal management electronic three-way valve closing enabling signal is sent to the BMS, wherein BMS_Temp_OUT is power battery outlet cooling liquid temperature, and is one of real-time feedback signals fed back to a whole vehicle controller VCU by a power battery management system BMS, and BMS_Temp_SET is preset power battery cooling liquid control temperature. Step S6 is provided after step S3 and step S5.
The method of the invention further comprises a step S7 arranged after the step S6:
when fcu_temp_out > fcu_temp_set is established, a fuel cell PTC heater shutdown enable signal is sent to the FCU, wherein fcu_temp_out is a fuel cell outlet coolant temperature, and is one of real-time feedback signals fed back by the fuel cell controller FCU to the whole vehicle controller VCU, and fcu_temp_set is a preset fuel cell PTC heater shutdown temperature. The method can avoid damage caused by the over high temperature of the fuel cell.
Example 2: in low temperature environment, especially minus ten-odd to tens degree, data transmission equipment such as data wire and wireless module has icing and damage phenomena, which results in failure of data acquisition, when the fuel cell system has minimum power FCU-P fcs min If the determination condition in step S2 is directly executed at 0, the determination condition is satisfied and the power battery is not actually allowed to be charged, and therefore, in the present embodiment, unlike embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 4, a data determination step is further provided between step S1 and step S2: if the minimum power of the battery system is FCU-P fcs min If the fuel cell is 0, a fuel cell deactivation enable signal is sent to the FCU, an alarm command is sent, and step S2 is executed if not. The existence of this step effectively avoids the above situation.
Embodiment 3 relates to a fuel cell low-temperature start-up control device including a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing a computer program; the processor is configured to implement the fuel cell low-temperature start control method as described in embodiment 1 when executing the computer program.
Embodiment 4 relates to a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the fuel cell low-temperature start control method as described in embodiment 1.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements of the technical scheme of the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention is fully described in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A fuel cell low temperature start control method characterized by comprising the steps of:
step S1: real-time acquisition of fuel cell system minimum power FCU_P fcsmin Maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of power battery maxchg Heating power BMS_P of power battery heating film heat Real-time power VCU_P of whole vehicle auxiliary system aux ；
Step S2: judging FCU_P fcsmin ＜BMS_P maxchg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux -δ 1 Whether or not to do so, where delta 1 To design the reserved power difference, if yes, go to step S3, if not, go to step S4 and re-determine whether the above condition is met until fcu_p is met fcsmin ＜BMS_P maxchg +BMS_P heat +VCU_P aux -δ 1 Step S5 is executed again;
step S3: sending a fuel cell system start enabling signal to the FCU and sending a power cell thermal management electronic three-way valve start enabling signal to the BMS;
step S4: sending a fuel cell non-start enabling signal to the FCU and a fuel cell PTC heater start enabling signal to the BMS and sending a power cell thermal management electronic three-way valve start enabling signal to the BMS;
step S5: a fuel cell system start-up enable signal is sent to the FCU.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the start-up enable value vcu_p in the start-up enable signal of the fuel cell system in step S3 and step S5 fcs For VCU_P fcs ＝FCU_P fcsmin 。
3. The fuel cell low-temperature start-up control method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising step S6: when BMS_Temp_OUT is equal to or larger than BMS_Temp_SET, a battery thermal management electronic three-way valve closing enabling signal is sent to the BMS, wherein BMS_Temp_OUT is power battery outlet cooling liquid temperature, and BMS_Temp_SET is preset power battery cooling liquid control temperature.
4. A fuel cell low temperature start-up control method according to claim 3, further comprising step S7 of setting after step S6:
when fcu_temp_out > fcu_temp_set is established, a fuel cell PTC heater shutdown enable signal is sent to the FCU, where fcu_temp_out is the fuel cell outlet coolant temperature and fcu_temp_set is the preset fuel cell PTC heater shutdown temperature.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the maximum allowable continuous charging power bms_p of the battery of the power battery is obtained maxchg When the battery maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery is obtained in real time according to the temperature lookup data table of the power battery maxchg Wherein, the data table stores the temperature of the power battery and the maximum allowable continuous charging power BMS_P of the power battery corresponding to each temperature maxchg 。
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a data judging step is further provided between step S1 and step S2: if the fuel cell system has the minimum power FCU_P fcsmin If the fuel cell is 0, a fuel cell deactivation enable signal is sent to the FCU, an alarm command is sent, and step S2 is executed if not.
7. A low-temperature start control device of a fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing a computer program; the processor is configured to implement the fuel cell low temperature start control method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5 when the computer program is executed.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the fuel cell low-temperature start control method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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