CN117204050A

CN117204050A - Control method, device, equipment and storage medium for refusing to receive paging message

Info

Publication number: CN117204050A
Application number: CN202180097367.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范江胜; 杨皓睿; 许阳
Original assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-23
Filing date: 2021-07-23
Publication date: 2023-12-08
Also published as: WO2023000296A1

Abstract

The application discloses a control method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for refusing to receive paging messages, and relates to the technical field of communication. The method comprises the following steps: the access network equipment sends paging information to the terminal equipment, and if the terminal equipment decides to reject to receive the paging information, the NAS layer and the AS layer are in a non-idle state, the NAS layer and the AS layer are converted into RRC idle states and NAS state recovery operation and AS state recovery operation are carried out; or adding first indication information in the connection recovery completion message, where the first indication information is used to indicate that the network device does not need to send user plane data to the terminal device. The application avoids the transmission process of the user plane data which is not expected by the terminal equipment, thereby saving the scheduling resource and the energy consumption of the network equipment and saving the energy consumption of the terminal equipment.

Description

Control method, device, equipment and storage medium for refusing to receive paging message

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a control method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for refusing to receive paging messages.

Background

If the terminal device does not want to receive the paging message of the network side, a NAS (Non-Access Stratum) process can be adopted to send a paging rejection message, wherein the paging rejection message is used for indicating rejection of receiving the paging message to the network side; the paging message of the network side comprises a paging message triggered by core network equipment or a paging message triggered by access network equipment.

In the related art, after receiving the paging message, the terminal device first enters a connection state from a non-connection state, and then sends a paging rejection message to the network device, however, the user plane data received before the terminal device is released again is generally discarded by the terminal device, which wastes both network device scheduling resources and energy consumption and terminal device energy consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a control method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for refusing to receive paging messages. The technical scheme is as follows:

according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a control method for rejecting reception of a paging message, the method including:

in case a terminal device decides to reject receiving a paging message, if the terminal device is in a non-idle state, the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to an RRC (Radio Resource Control ) idle state; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC CONNECTED state (rrc_connected) or an RRC INACTIVE state (rrc_inactive).

the access network equipment interactively executes a connection establishment process with the terminal equipment and receives a connection establishment completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection establishment completion message comprises paging rejection indication information which is used for indicating rejection of paging message to the core network equipment and/or the access network equipment;

under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state, the terminal equipment is converted into an RRC idle state from the non-idle state, and then the connection establishment process is executed; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

under the condition that terminal equipment decides to reject to receive paging information, if the terminal equipment is in an RRC inactive state, the terminal equipment and access network equipment interactively execute a connection recovery process and send a connection recovery completion message to the access network equipment;

The connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

the access network equipment performs a connection recovery process with the terminal equipment in the RRC inactive state in an interactive manner, and receives a connection recovery completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection recovery completion message contains first indication information, and the first indication information is used for indicating that user plane data is not needed to be sent to the terminal equipment to the access network equipment.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a control apparatus for refusing to receive a paging message, the apparatus including:

a state transition module, configured to, if the terminal device is in a non-idle state, transition from the non-idle state to an RRC idle state in a case where the terminal device decides to reject receiving the paging message; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

The connection establishment module is used for interactively executing a connection establishment process with the terminal equipment and receiving a connection establishment completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection establishment completion message comprises paging rejection indication information which is used for indicating rejection of paging message to core network equipment and/or access network equipment; under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state, the terminal equipment is converted into an RRC idle state from the non-idle state, and then the connection establishment process is executed; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

the connection recovery module is used for interactively executing a connection recovery process with the access network equipment and sending a connection recovery completion message to the access network equipment if the terminal equipment is in an RRC inactive state under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message; the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

and the connection recovery module is used for interactively executing a connection recovery process with the terminal equipment in the RRC inactive state, receiving a connection recovery completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection recovery completion message comprises first indication information which is used for indicating that user plane data is not needed to be sent to the terminal equipment to the access network equipment.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, there is provided a terminal device, including a processor and a memory, where the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement a control method executed by the terminal device and refusing to receive a paging message.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an access network device, where the access network device includes a processor and a memory, where the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement a control method executed by the access network device and rejecting to receive a paging message.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a computer program for execution by a processor of a terminal device to implement the above-described control method for refusing to receive a paging message on the terminal device side.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored therein a computer program for execution by a processor of an access network device to implement the above control method for rejecting reception of a paging message at the access network device side.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, there is provided a chip, where the chip includes a programmable logic circuit and/or program instructions, and when the chip is run on a terminal device, the chip is configured to implement a control method for refusing to receive a paging message on the terminal device side.

According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a chip is provided, where the chip includes a programmable logic circuit and/or program instructions, and when the chip is running on an access network device, the chip is used to implement a control method for rejecting to receive a paging message on the access network device side.

According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a computer program product or a computer program, the computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, from which a processor of a terminal device reads and executes the computer instructions, so that the terminal device performs the above-described control method for refusing to receive a paging message on the terminal device side.

According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a computer program product or a computer program, the computer program product or computer program comprising computer instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium, from which computer readable storage medium a processor of an access network device reads and executes the computer instructions, so that the access network device performs the above control method for refusing to receive paging messages on the side of the access network device.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can have the following beneficial effects:

on the one hand, the terminal equipment decides that the terminal equipment does not want to receive the paging message and returns to the RRC idle state first, and in the idle state, the terminal equipment does not receive the user plane data scheduled by the access network equipment immediately after sending the connection establishment completion message, because before the core network equipment agrees to allow the access network equipment to establish the air interface resource for the terminal equipment, the access network equipment does not establish the user plane resources such as DRB (Data Radio Bearer, data resource bearing) for the terminal equipment, and the access network equipment cannot transmit the user plane data to the terminal equipment without DRB resource allocation, thereby avoiding the problem of unnecessary user plane data transmission caused by that the non-active state terminal equipment uses the connection recovery process to send the paging rejection message, saving the scheduling resource and the energy consumption of the network equipment and saving the energy consumption of the terminal equipment.

On the other hand, the terminal equipment adds the first indication information in the connection recovery completion message to inform the access network equipment that the user plane data does not need to be transmitted, so that the access network equipment does not transmit the user plane data after the air interface resource of the terminal equipment is activated, the transmission process of the user plane data which is not expected by the terminal equipment is avoided, the scheduling resource and the energy consumption of the network equipment are saved, and the energy consumption of the terminal equipment is also saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided by one embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is an interactive flow chart of a page response provided by the related art;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a control method for rejecting paging messages provided by one embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an access network device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The network architecture and the service scenario described in the embodiments of the present application are for more clearly describing the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can know that, with the evolution of the network architecture and the appearance of the new service scenario, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application is applicable to similar technical problems.

Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a network architecture according to an embodiment of the application is shown. The network architecture may include: terminal device 10, access network device 20, and core network device 30.

The terminal device 10 may refer to a UE (User Equipment), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a wireless communication device, a User agent, or a User Equipment. Alternatively, the terminal device 10 may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol ) phone, a WLL (Wireless Local Loop, wireless local loop) station, a PDA (Personal digital Assistant), a handheld device with a wireless communication function, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in 5GS (5 th Generation System, fifth generation mobile communication system), or a terminal device in a future evolved PLMN (Pub 1ic Land Mobi1e Network), or the like, which the embodiment of the present application is not limited. For convenience of description, the above-mentioned devices are collectively referred to as terminal devices. The number of terminal devices 10 is typically plural, and one or more terminal devices 10 may be distributed within a cell managed by each access network device 20. In the embodiment of the present application, "terminal device" and "UE" are mixed, but those skilled in the art will understand that both express the same meaning.

The access network device 20 is a device deployed in the access network to provide wireless communication functionality for the terminal device 10. The access network device 20 may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, access points, and the like. The names of Access network device-capable devices may vary in systems employing different Radio Access technologies, for example, in 5G (5 th Generation Mobile Communication Technology, fifth generation mobile communication technology) NR (new Radio Access) systems, referred to as gndeb or gNB. As communication technology evolves, the name "access network device" may change. For convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present application, the above-mentioned devices for providing the terminal device 10 with the wireless communication function are collectively referred to as access network devices. Alternatively, a communication relationship may be established between the terminal device 10 and the core network device 30 via the access network device 20. Illustratively, in an LTE (Long Term Evolution ) system, the access network device 20 may be EUTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, evolved universal terrestrial radio network) or one or more enodebs in EUTRAN; in a 5G NR system, access network device 20 may be a RAN (Radio Access Network ) or one or more gnbs in the RAN. In the embodiment of the present application, the network device refers to an access network device unless specifically described.

The core network device 30 mainly functions to provide user connection, management of users, and bearer completion of services, and to provide an interface to an external network as a bearer network. For example, core network devices in the 5G NR system may include AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function ) entities, UPF (User Plane Function, user plane function) entities, SMF (Session Management Function ) entities, and the like.

In one example, access network device 20 and core network device 30 communicate with each other via some interface technology, such as an NG interface in a 5G NR system. The access network device 20 and the terminal 10 communicate with each other via some kind of air interface technology, e.g. Uu interface.

The "5G NR system" in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as a 5G system or an NR system, but the meaning thereof will be understood by those skilled in the art. The technical scheme described by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a 5G NR system and also can be applied to a subsequent evolution system of the 5G NR system.

With the pursuit of speed, delay, high speed mobility, energy efficiency and diversity and complexity of future life services, the 3GPP (3 rd Generation Partner Project, third generation partnership project) international standards organization has begun to develop 5G for this purpose. The main application scenario of 5G is: eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband, enhanced mobile Ultra wideband), URLLC (Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications, low latency high reliability communication), mctc (Massive Machine Type of Communication, large scale machine type communication).

embbs still target users to obtain multimedia content, services, and data, and their demand is growing very rapidly. On the other hand, since the eMBB may be deployed in different scenarios, such as indoor, urban, rural, etc., the capability and demand of the eMBB are also relatively different, so that detailed analysis must be performed in connection with a specific deployment scenario. Typical applications of URLLC include: industrial automation, electric power automation, remote medical operation (surgery), traffic safety guarantee and the like. Typical characteristics of mctc include: high connection density, small data volume, delay insensitive traffic, low cost and long service life of the module, etc.

In the 5G network environment, for the purposes of reducing air interface signaling and quickly recovering wireless connection, and quickly recovering data service, a new RRC state, namely, an rrc_inactive state, is defined. This state is different from the rrc_idle (RRC IDLE state) and rrc_connected (RRC CONNECTED state) states.

Rrc_idle: mobility is a UE-based cell selection reselection, paging is initiated by a CN (Core Network), and paging areas are configured by the CN. The base station side does not have a UE AS (Access Stratum) context. There is no RRC connection.

Rrc_connected: there is an RRC connection and the base station and UE have a UE AS context. The network side knows that the location of the UE is cell specific. Mobility is network-side controlled mobility. Unicast data may be transmitted between the UE and the base station.

Rrc_inactive: mobility is cell selection reselection based on UE, connection exists between a core network and a RAN, the UE AS context exists on an anchor base station, paging is triggered by the RAN, a paging area based on the RAN is managed by the RAN, and a network side knows that the position of the UE is based on the paging area level of the RAN.

As shown in fig. 2, a flowchart of a terminal device responding to access network paging provided by the related art is shown.

Stage 1: the access network side releases the terminal equipment from a connection state to an INACTIVE state (RRC_INACTIVE), the access network side still stores the terminal context, the access network storing the terminal context is called an anchor access network, meanwhile, the access network releases the terminal equipment from the connection state to the INACTIVE state and configures paging area configuration information of the access network to the terminal equipment, the information is used for a paging process initiated by a subsequent access network, and the connection of the terminal equipment is maintained between the access network and a core network.

Stage 2: when the downlink user data arrives, the core network directly transmits the user data to the anchor access network, and after the anchor access network judges that the terminal equipment is in an inactive state, the anchor access network initiates a paging process for the terminal equipment, and in the paging process, the anchor access network transmits a paging message to an access network node contained in paging area configuration information configured for the terminal equipment, and the access network receiving the paging message transmitted by the anchor access network triggers a corresponding paging process on an air interface thereof.

The specific paging response procedure may include the following steps (210-290):

in step 210, the anchor access network sends a paging message to non-anchor access networks within the access network paging area.

In step 220, the non-anchor access network sends a paging message over the air.

Optionally, the anchor access network also sends paging messages over the air.

Step 230, the terminal device interacts with the non-anchor access network to execute the random access transmission and response process.

In step 240, the terminal device sends a connection restoration request to the non-anchor access network.

In step 250, the non-anchor access network sends a terminal device context request to the anchor access network, the request being used to obtain a terminal device context.

In step 260, the anchor access network sends a terminal device context response to the non-anchor access network, the response containing the terminal device context.

In step 270, the non-anchor access network sends a connection recovery response to the terminal device.

In step 280, the terminal device sends a connection restoration complete message to the non-anchor access network.

In step 290, the non-anchor access network sends user plane data to the terminal device.

In the above step flow, only the terminal device and the non-anchor access network resume the RRC connection as an example, and in some possible cases, the anchor access network also sends the paging message on the air interface, and the terminal device may resume the RRC connection with the anchor access network, which is not limited in the present application.

Under the existing protocol background, after the access network device receives the connection reply completion message through step 280, downlink user plane data is sent to the terminal device through downlink resource scheduling, because user plane resources such as DRBs configured by the terminal device are all restored to an activated state at this time, if the terminal device also has an uplink data sending requirement, the access network device can request the scheduling resource to send uplink data.

A dual card dual standby terminal means that one terminal device can configure two SIM (Subscriber Identity Module, subscriber identity card) cards at the same time, and both cards are in a standby state. The dual-card dual-standby in the market generally refers to the dual-card dual-standby of the same network system, namely, the dual-card dual-standby of a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications ) network, the dual-card dual-standby of a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access ) network, and the dual-card dual-standby of a PHS (Personal Handyphone System ) network; the dual card dual standby mainly refers to the first case, namely the GSM dual card dual standby. The double-network double-standby is that a terminal device can be inserted with the number cards of two networks of different operators at the same time and is in a starting state at the same time, and a user can dial, answer a call and send and receive a short message at will without switching the networks.

A dual USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module, global subscriber identity card) card terminal is a great trend. The current terminal capability generally does not support pure Dual-pass (Dual UL/DL (uplink/downlink)), i.e. the terminal device performs uplink and downlink data services of data on two networks simultaneously through two SIM cards. In general, most terminal devices currently only support Single UL/DL or Single UL/Dual DL, which means that the terminal device can only perform services on one SIM card at a time.

In 5G, two USIM cards, one of which may reside in the LTE cell and the other in the NR cell, or both USIM cards reside in the NR cell, in dual card dual standby or dual network dual standby. Meanwhile, the two USIM cards can be the same operator or different operators.

The concept of the multi-card terminal is similar to the above-described dual card logic, and will not be repeated here.

However, for a terminal device in a single-card or multi-card working mode, if the SIM card does not want to respond to the paging message, a NAS procedure may be used to send the paging reject message, but since sending the NAS message requires the terminal device to enter a connected state, for a SIM card in an inactive state, entering the connected state means that downlink data needs to be received immediately, and the terminal device only wants to inform the core network device to resend the paging message by the NAS procedure, and does not expect to receive the downlink data, which user plane data received before the terminal device is released from the connected state to the non-connected state again is generally discarded by the terminal device, which wastes network device scheduling resources and energy consumption, and also wastes terminal device energy consumption.

According to the technical scheme provided by the application, under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to reject the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state (such as an RRC connection state or an RRC non-active state), the terminal equipment is converted into the RRC idle state from the non-idle state, and the terminal equipment firstly returns to the RRC idle state after deciding to not want to receive the paging message, and after the terminal equipment sends the connection establishment completion message in the idle state, the user plane data scheduled by the access network equipment cannot be received immediately, because before the core network equipment agrees to enable the access network equipment to establish air interface resources for the terminal equipment, the access network equipment cannot establish user plane resources such as DRB (data link request) for the terminal equipment, and the access network equipment cannot transmit the user plane data to the terminal equipment under the condition that no DRB resources are configured, so that the problem of unnecessary user plane data transmission caused by the fact that the terminal equipment in the non-active state uses a connection recovery process to send the paging rejection message is avoided, the scheduling resources and the energy consumption of the network equipment are saved.

According to the other technical scheme provided by the application, the terminal equipment adds the first indication information in the connection recovery completion message to inform the access network equipment that the user plane data does not need to be sent, so that the access network equipment does not send the user plane data after activating the terminal equipment resources, the sending process of the user plane data which is not expected by the terminal equipment is avoided, the scheduling resources and the energy consumption of the network equipment are saved, and the energy consumption of the terminal equipment is also saved.

In addition, the technical scheme provided by the application can be suitable for the terminal equipment in a single-card working mode and also can be suitable for the terminal equipment in a multi-card working mode.

The technical scheme of the application will be described by several embodiments.

Referring to fig. 3, a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, and the method can be applied to the network architecture shown in fig. 1. The method may include the following step 310:

step 310, if the terminal device decides to reject the paging message, the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

In one example, in the event that the terminal device decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal device is in the RRC connected state, the terminal device transitions from the RRC connected state to the RRC idle state.

In another example, in case the terminal device decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal device is in the RRC inactive state, the terminal device transitions from the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state.

Optionally, in the case of the terminal device being in the non-idle state, after receiving the paging message sent by the access network device, the terminal device decides whether to reject the paging message. And if the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message, switching from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state.

Optionally, after the terminal device is converted from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, the terminal device performs a connection establishment procedure with the access network device in an interaction manner, and sends a connection establishment completion message to the access network device, where the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information, and the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate rejection of receiving the paging message to the core network device and/or the access network device.

After the terminal equipment is converted from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, a connection establishment request is sent to the access network equipment, the connection establishment request is used for requesting to establish the RRC connection, the access network equipment sends a connection establishment response to the terminal equipment, and the terminal equipment sends a connection establishment completion message to the access network equipment. In the embodiment of the present application, if the terminal device decides to reject the paging message, paging rejection indication information may be added to the connection establishment completion message, that is, the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to the core network device and/or the access network device that the paging message is rejected. Based on the paging rejection indication information, the core network device and/or the access network device does not send paging information to the terminal device any more or sends the paging information to the terminal device conditionally under the paging filtering configuration requirement; wherein the paging filtering configuration requirement is determined through a negotiation process of the terminal device and the network device. Optionally, the paging filtering configuration requirement may agree on at least one of a period of time for which the paging message is allowed and/or denied, a service type for which the paging message is allowed and/or denied, and the present application is not limited in this regard.

In the embodiment of the application, the terminal equipment firstly returns to the RRC idle state after deciding that paging information is not needed to be received, and the terminal equipment in the idle state does not receive user plane data scheduled by the access network equipment immediately after sending the connection establishment completion information, because before the core network equipment agrees to enable the access network equipment to establish air interface resources for the terminal equipment, the access network equipment does not establish DRB (data link layer) and other user plane resources for the terminal equipment, and the access network equipment cannot transmit the user plane data to the terminal equipment under the condition of no DRB resource configuration, thereby avoiding the problem of unnecessary user plane data transmission caused by that the terminal equipment in the non-activated state sends the paging rejection information by using the connection recovery process, saving the scheduling resources and the energy consumption of the network equipment and saving the energy consumption of the terminal equipment.

In addition, since the terminal equipment directly returns to the RRC idle state, no RRC connection recovery flow exists, the process that the target access network equipment possibly in the connection recovery process requests the RRC inactive state context of the terminal equipment to the anchor access network equipment (the access network equipment storing the RRC inactive state context of the terminal equipment is called anchor access network equipment) is saved, and the signaling flow of the network equipment is saved.

Referring to fig. 4, a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application is shown. The method can be applied to the network architecture shown in fig. 1. The method may include the following steps (410-480):

in step 410, the access network device sends a paging message to the terminal device.

Optionally, the terminal device includes an AS and a NAS. Alternatively, the NAS layer may be any one of an MM (Mobility Management ) layer, an SM (Session Management, session management) layer, a CC (Call Control) layer, and an SMs (Service Management System ) layer. Alternatively, the AS Layer may be any one of RRC, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol, packet data aggregation protocol), SDAP (Service Discovery Application Profile, service discovery application specification), RLC (Radio Link Control ), MAC (Media Access Control, medium access control), BAP (Backhaul Adaptation Protocol ), and PHY (Physical Layer) layers.

Alternatively, AS shown in fig. 4, the AS of the terminal device receives a paging message from the access network device.

In step 420, the AS of the terminal device sends a paging notification to the NAS, where the paging notification is used to notify the NAS that a paging message from the access network device is received.

It should be noted that steps 410-420 are optional steps, and in some embodiments, steps 410-420 may not be performed.

In step 430, in case the NAS of the terminal device or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject the reception of the paging message, if the NAS is in a non-idle state, the NAS transitions from the non-idle state to an RRC idle state and performs a NAS state recovery operation.

Optionally, the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS is used to decide to reject or allow reception of the paging message. Alternatively, the present application is not limited to the upper layer of NAS, specifically, which upper layer of NAS. Illustratively, the upper layer of the NAS may be an application layer.

In the embodiment of the present application, the basis for determining whether the NAS refuses to receive the paging message is not limited. Illustratively, the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject or allow reception of paging messages according to specific traffic requirements.

The NAS state recovery operation refers to an operation performed by the NAS when the NAS of the terminal apparatus transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state. In the case that NAS is in different RRC states, the content of the corresponding stored NAS Context (UE Context) is different, and if NAS of one terminal device returns from RRC connected state or RRC inactive state to RRC idle state, corresponding behavior of NAS also needs to be changed accordingly, and this changing process is called NAS state recovery. The NAS state restoration operation includes, for example, an operation of deleting a PDU (Protocol Data Unit ) session activated by the terminal device RRC connection state.

In one example, the NAS of the terminal device or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject the reception of the paging message when the NAS is in the RRC connected state, and then the NAS transitions from the RRC connected state to the RRC idle state and performs the NAS state recovery operation.

In another example, the NAS of the terminal apparatus or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject the reception of the paging message when the NAS is in the RRC inactive state, and then the NAS transitions from the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state and performs the NAS state recovery operation.

In step 440, the NAS of the terminal device sends first information to the AS, where the first information is used to notify the AS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state.

The NAS of the terminal device should be consistent with the RRC state of the AS.

In one example, if the NAS of the terminal device transitions from the RRC connected state to the RRC idle state, the NAS sends first information to the AS informing the AS to transition from the RRC connected state to the RRC idle state.

In another example, if the NAS of the terminal device transitions from the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state, the NAS sends first information to the AS informing the AS to transition from the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state.

The first information may be sent through an inter-layer interworking message between the NAS and the AS, for example, the NAS sends the AS an inter-layer interworking message, where the inter-layer interworking message includes first information for notifying the AS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state.

Step 450, the AS of the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and performs an AS state recovery operation.

The AS state recovery operation refers to an operation performed by the AS when the AS of the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state. In the case that the AS is in a different RRC state, the corresponding stored AS context is different, and if the AS of a terminal device returns from the RRC connected state or the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state, the corresponding behavior of the AS needs to be changed accordingly, and this changing process is called AS state recovery. The AS state recovery operation includes, for example, an operation of deleting the resource configuration acquired by the RRC connection state of the terminal device.

In step 460, the NAS of the terminal device sends paging reject indication information to the AS.

In the case where the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject the reception of the paging message, the NAS may also send paging reject indication information to the AS. The paging reject indication information is used to indicate to the core network device and/or the access network device that the reception of the paging message is rejected. Alternatively, the paging rejection indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all services of the terminal device, and may also be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for specific services of the terminal device. Wherein, the specific service refers to one or more specified services. Illustratively, the terminal device has a service a, a service B, and a service C, and the paging reject indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all of the services a, the service B, and the service C, and may also be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for at least one specific service (e.g., the service a). Optionally, the specific service is indicated by the terminal device to the core network device or agreed by a protocol, which is not limited by the present application.

In one example, the paging rejection indication information includes identification information corresponding to at least one service that is expected by the terminal device to not trigger the paging message, and then the core network device receives the paging rejection indication information and then does not trigger paging for the service included in the paging rejection indication information.

In another example, the default mode of the protocol agrees that the specific service does not trigger paging, for example, after receiving the paging rejection indication information sent by the terminal device, the protocol agrees that the core network device does not trigger the paging process except the voice service, and then the voice service triggers the paging process when arriving.

In step 470, the NAS of the terminal device or an upper layer of the NAS triggers the service request.

Since the terminal device receives the paging message from the access network device, the NAS of the terminal device or an upper layer of the NAS triggers a service request, and replies to the paging message.

Step 480, the terminal device performs a connection establishment procedure interactively with the access network device, and sends a connection establishment completion message to the access network device, where the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information.

After triggering a service request by the NAS of the terminal equipment or an upper layer of the NAS, the terminal equipment and the access network equipment interactively execute a connection establishment process, including a random access transmission and response process and a connection establishment request and response process. Illustratively, the terminal device sends a random access request to the access network device; the access network equipment sends a random access response to the terminal equipment; the terminal equipment sends a connection establishment request to the access network equipment; the access network device sends a connection establishment response to the terminal device. After connection establishment is completed (i.e. after the terminal device receives a connection establishment response from the access network device), the AS of the terminal device sends a connection establishment completion message to the access network device, where the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate rejection of receiving the paging message to the core network device and/or the access network device.

Optionally, the paging reject indication information is contained in an information Container, the information Container is defined by NAS protocol (e.g., NAS Container), the access network device transparently transmits the information Container to the core network device, and the core network device decodes and receives the information contained in the information Container. In the exemplary embodiment, the AS of the access network device cannot understand and does not need to understand the meaning of the corresponding information in the NAS container included in one message, and the access network device only needs to transmit the corresponding information container to the core network device, where the core network device can complete the decoding and subsequent processing work of the information included in the information container.

It should be noted that, for the first information in step 440, the paging rejection indication information in step 460, and the service request in step 470, the information may be combined and sent in one interlayer interaction message, or the information included in any two steps may be combined and sent in one interlayer interaction message, or the three steps are separated and sent separately by three independent interlayer interaction messages, which is not limited in the present application; meanwhile, in the example that the information of each step is sent separately, the application does not limit the logic sequence of sending among the plurality of interlayer interaction messages.

In this embodiment, whether to reject the paging message is determined by the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS, and when the NAS or the upper layer of the NAS determines to reject the paging message, the NAS transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, and instructs the AS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, so AS to keep state synchronization between the NAS and the AS. In addition, because NAS and AS of the terminal equipment are both converted into RRC idle state, after the terminal equipment sends connection establishment completion message in idle state, user plane data scheduled by the access network equipment cannot be received immediately, because before the core network equipment agrees to let the access network equipment establish air interface resources for the terminal equipment, the access network equipment cannot establish DRB and other user plane resources for the terminal equipment, and the access network equipment cannot transmit the user plane data to the terminal equipment without DRB resource configuration, thereby avoiding the problem of unnecessary user plane data transmission caused by that the terminal equipment in non-activated state sends paging rejection message by using connection recovery process, saving scheduling resources and energy consumption of the network equipment and saving energy consumption of the terminal equipment.

Referring to fig. 5, a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application is shown. The method can be applied to the network architecture shown in fig. 1. The method may include the following steps (510-570):

Step 510, the access network device sends a paging message to the terminal device.

Optionally, the terminal device includes an AS and a NAS. Alternatively, the NAS layer may be any one of MM layer, SM layer, CC layer, SMs layer. Alternatively, the AS layer may be any one of RRC, PDCP, SDAP, RLC, MAC, BAP and PHY layers.

Alternatively, AS shown in fig. 5, the AS of the terminal device receives a paging message from the access network device.

It should be noted that step 510 is an optional step, and in some embodiments, step 510 may not be performed.

Optionally, the AS of the terminal device sends a paging notification to the NAS, where the paging notification is used to notify the NAS that a paging message from the access network device is received.

In step 520, if the AS decides to reject the paging message, the AS transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and performs an AS state recovery operation if the AS is in the non-idle state.

Unlike the embodiment of fig. 4, in the embodiment of fig. 4, it is decided by the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS whether to reject the paging message; but in this embodiment, the AS decides whether to reject the paging message. In the embodiment of the present application, the basis for determining whether the AS refuses to receive the paging message is not limited.

In one example, the AS of the terminal device decides to refuse to receive the paging message when the AS is in the RRC connected state, and then the AS transitions from the RRC connected state to the RRC idle state and performs the AS state recovery operation.

In another example, the AS of the terminal device decides to refuse to receive the paging message when the AS is in the RRC inactive state, and then the AS transitions from the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state and performs the AS state recovery operation.

In step 530, the AS of the terminal device sends second information to the NAS, where the second information is used to notify the NAS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state.

In one example, if the AS layer of the terminal device transitions from the RRC connected state to the RRC idle state, the AS sends second information to the NAS informing the NAS to transition from the RRC connected state to the RRC idle state.

In another example, if the AS layer of the terminal device transitions from the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state, the AS sends second information to the NAS informing the NAS to transition from the RRC inactive state to the RRC idle state.

The second information may be sent through an inter-layer interworking message between the AS and the NAS, e.g., the AS sends the NAS an inter-layer interworking message including the second information for notifying the NAS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state.

Step 540, the NAS of the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, and performs a NAS state recovery operation.

The NAS state recovery operation refers to an operation performed by the NAS when the NAS of the terminal apparatus transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state. In the case that NAS is in different RRC states, the corresponding stored NAS context is different, and if NAS of one terminal apparatus returns from RRC connected state or RRC inactive state to RRC idle state, corresponding behavior of NAS also needs to be changed accordingly, and this changing process is called NAS state recovery. The NAS state restoration operation includes, for example, an operation of deleting a PDU session activated by the terminal device RRC connection state.

In step 550, the NAS of the terminal device sends paging reject indication information to the AS.

Optionally, after the NAS of the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, the NAS sends paging reject indication information to the AS. The paging rejection indication information is used for indicating rejection of receiving the paging message to the core network equipment and/or the access network equipment. Alternatively, the paging rejection indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all services of the terminal device, and may also be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for specific services of the terminal device. Wherein, the specific service refers to one or more specified services. The terminal device has a service a, a service B, and a service C, and the paging reject indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all of the services a, the service B, and the service C, or to indicate rejection of paging messages for at least one specific service (e.g., the service a and the service C). Optionally, the specific service is indicated to the core network by the terminal device or agreed by a protocol, which the present application is not limited to.

In step 560, the NAS of the terminal device or an upper layer of the NAS triggers a service request.

In step 570, the terminal device performs a connection establishment procedure with the access network device, and sends a connection establishment completion message to the access network device, where the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information.

Optionally, the paging rejection indication information is contained in an information container, the information container is defined by NAS protocol, the access network device transparently transmits the information container to the core network device, and the core network device decodes and receives the information contained in the information container. In the exemplary embodiment, the AS of the access network device cannot understand and does not need to understand the meaning of the corresponding information in the NAS container included in one message, and the access network device only needs to transmit the corresponding information container to the core network device, where the core network device can complete the decoding and subsequent processing work of the information included in the information container.

It should be noted that, for the paging rejection indication information in the step 550 and the service request in the step 560, the paging rejection indication information and the service request may be combined and sent in one interlayer interaction message, or two separate interlayer interaction messages are separately sent in two steps, which is not limited in the present application; meanwhile, in the case that the information of each step is sent separately, the method and the device do not limit the logic sequence of sending among the plurality of pieces of interlayer interaction information.

In this embodiment, the AS decides whether to reject the paging message, and if the AS decides to reject the paging message, the AS transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and instructs the NAS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, so AS to keep the state synchronization between the NAS and the AS. In addition, because NAS and AS of the terminal equipment are both converted into RRC idle state, after the terminal equipment sends connection establishment completion message in idle state, user plane data scheduled by the access network equipment cannot be received immediately, because before the core network equipment agrees to let the access network equipment establish air interface resources for the terminal equipment, the access network equipment cannot establish DRB and other user plane resources for the terminal equipment, and the access network equipment cannot transmit the user plane data to the terminal equipment without DRB resource configuration, thereby avoiding the problem of unnecessary user plane data transmission caused by that the terminal equipment in non-activated state sends paging rejection message by using connection recovery process, saving scheduling resources and energy consumption of the network equipment and saving energy consumption of the terminal equipment.

Referring to fig. 6, a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application is shown, and the method can be applied to the network architecture shown in fig. 1. The method may include the following step 610:

step 610, if the terminal device decides to reject the paging message, the terminal device performs a connection recovery procedure with the access network device interactively if the terminal device is in an RRC inactive state, and sends a connection recovery complete message to the access network device; the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

After the terminal equipment decides to reject to receive the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in an RRC inactive state, the terminal equipment and the access network equipment interactively execute a connection recovery process, including a random access sending and responding process and a connection recovery request and responding process. Illustratively, the terminal device sends a random access request to the access network device; the access network equipment sends a random access response to the terminal equipment; the terminal equipment sends a connection recovery request to the access network equipment; the access network device sends a connection recovery response to the terminal device. After the connection recovery process is completed (i.e. after the terminal device receives the connection recovery response from the access network device), the terminal device sends a connection recovery completion message to the access network device, where the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device. Optionally, the connection recovery completion message is an RRCResumeComplete message.

Optionally, the terminal device includes an AS and a NAS. Alternatively, the NAS layer may be any one of MM layer, SM layer, CC layer, SMs layer. Alternatively, the AS layer may be any one of RRC, PDCP, SDAP, RLC, MAC, BAP and PHY layers. Optionally, the AS adds the first indication information in the connection recovery complete message, and the AS sends the connection recovery complete message added with the first indication information to the access network device.

Alternatively, the AS may autonomously decide whether to add the first indication information in the connection restoration complete message, or may decide whether to add the first indication information in the connection restoration complete message according to the indication of the NAS. For a description of these two cases, please refer to the examples below.

Optionally, the connection recovery completion message further includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to the core network device and/or the access network device that the paging message is rejected to be received. Based on the paging rejection indication information, the core network device and/or the access network device does not send paging information to the terminal device any more or sends the paging information to the terminal device conditionally under the paging filtering configuration requirement; wherein the paging filtering configuration requirement is determined through a negotiation process of the terminal device and the network device. Optionally, the paging filtering configuration requirement may agree on at least one of a period of time for which the paging message is allowed and/or denied, a service type for which the paging message is allowed and/or denied, and the present application is not limited in this regard.

In the current protocol context, once the terminal device resumes connection, the resource configuration such as DRB corresponding to the terminal device is directly activated or is activated by reconfiguration, and at this time, the access network device sends user plane data to the terminal device by using the activated resource. After the scheme of the embodiment is used, the terminal equipment adds the first indication information in the connection recovery completion message to inform the access network equipment that the user plane data does not need to be sent, so that the access network equipment does not send the user plane data after activating the terminal equipment resources, the sending process of the user plane data which is not expected by the terminal equipment is avoided, the scheduling resources and the energy consumption of the network equipment are saved, and the energy consumption of the terminal equipment is also saved.

Referring to fig. 7, a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application is shown. The method can be applied to the network architecture shown in fig. 1. The method may include the following steps (710-760):

step 710, the access network device sends a paging message to the terminal device.

Alternatively, AS shown in fig. 7, the AS of the terminal device receives a paging message from the access network device.

In step 720, the AS of the terminal device sends a paging notification to the NAS, where the paging notification is used to notify the NAS that a paging message from the access network device is received.

It should be noted that steps 710-720 are optional steps, and in some embodiments, steps 710-720 may not be performed.

Step 730, in the case that the NAS of the terminal device or the upper layer of the NAS decides to reject receiving the paging message, the NAS sends an inter-layer interaction message to the AS, where the inter-layer interaction message includes the second indication information and/or the third indication information; the second indication information is used for indicating that the paging message is refused to be received, and the third indication information is used for indicating that the user plane data is not required to be sent to the terminal equipment.

Illustratively, if the NAS of the terminal device decides to reject receiving the paging message, the NAS sends an inter-layer interaction message to the AS, including the second indication information and/or the third indication information.

In step 740, the AS of the terminal device decides whether to add the first indication information to the connection recovery complete message according to the NAS indication.

The first indication information is used for indicating to the access network equipment that user plane data is not required to be sent to the terminal equipment.

If the AS receives the interlayer interaction message from the NAS and the interlayer interaction message comprises the second indication information and/or the third indication information, the AS adds the first indication information in the connection recovery completion message.

Otherwise, if the AS does not receive the inter-layer interaction message from the NAS, or if the AS receives the inter-layer interaction message from the NAS but the inter-layer interaction message does not include the second indication information and the third indication information, the AS does not add the first indication information to the connection recovery completion message.

In step 750, the NAS of the terminal device or an upper layer of the NAS triggers a service request.

Step 760, the terminal device performs a connection recovery procedure interactively with the access network device, and sends a connection recovery complete message to the access network device.

Optionally, if the AS of the terminal device decides to add the first indication information in the connection restoration completion message according to the indication of the NAS, the AS sends the connection restoration completion message to which the first indication information is added to the access network device, so AS to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

After the NAS of the terminal equipment or the upper layer of the NAS triggers a service request, the terminal equipment and the access network equipment interactively execute a connection recovery process, including a random access sending and responding process and a connection recovery request and responding process. Illustratively, the terminal device sends a random access request to the access network device; the access network equipment sends a random access response to the terminal equipment; the terminal equipment sends a connection recovery request to the access network equipment; the access network device sends a connection recovery response to the terminal device. After connection recovery is completed (i.e. after the terminal device receives a connection recovery response from the access network device), the AS of the terminal device sends a connection recovery completion message to the access network device, where the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

Optionally, the connection recovery completion message further includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to the core network device and/or the access network device that the paging message is rejected to be received. Alternatively, the paging rejection indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all services of the terminal device, and may also be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for specific services of the terminal device. Illustratively, the terminal device has a service a, a service B, and a service C, and the paging reject indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all of the services a, the service B, and the service C, and may also be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for at least one specific service (e.g., the service B). Optionally, the specific service is indicated by the terminal device to the core network device or agreed by a protocol, which is not limited by the present application.

It should be noted that, for the indication information (including the second indication information and/or the third indication information) in the step 730 and the service request in the step 750, the indication information and the service request may be combined and sent in one interlayer interaction message, or the two steps are separately sent by two independent interlayer interaction messages, which is not limited in the present application; meanwhile, in the example that the information of each step is sent separately, the application does not limit the logic sequence of sending among the plurality of interlayer interaction messages.

In this embodiment, the NAS indicates to the AS that the first indication information is added to the connection restoration completion message, so AS to inform the access network device that the user plane data does not need to be sent, so that the access network device does not send the user plane data after activating the terminal device resource, a sending process of the user plane data which is not expected by the terminal device is avoided, and not only the scheduling resource and the energy consumption of the network device are saved, but also the energy consumption of the terminal device is saved.

Referring to fig. 8, a flowchart of a control method for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application is shown. The method can be applied to the network architecture shown in fig. 1. The method may include the following steps (810-850):

Step 810, the access network device sends a paging message to the terminal device.

Alternatively, AS shown in fig. 8, the AS of the terminal device receives a paging message from the access network device.

In step 820, the AS of the terminal device sends a paging notification to the NAS, where the paging notification is used to notify the NAS that a paging message from the access network device is received.

It should be noted that steps 810-820 are optional steps, and in some embodiments, steps 810-820 may not be performed.

In step 830, the AS of the terminal device autonomously decides whether to add first indication information in the connection restoration complete message, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

In one example, the AS decides to reject or allow receipt of the paging message. If AS decides to refuse to receive the paging message, adding first indication information in the connection recovery completion message; if the AS decides to allow reception of the paging message, the first indication information is not added to the connection restoration complete message.

In another example, the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject or allow reception of the paging message, and the AS determines whether to add the first indication information in the connection restoration complete message based on a decision result of the NAS or the upper layer of the NAS. Alternatively, if the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject the reception of the paging message, the AS determines to add the first indication information in the connection recovery complete message accordingly; if the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to allow the reception of the paging message, the AS accordingly determines not to add the first indication information in the connection recovery complete message. Alternatively, the AS and the NAS may exchange messages between each other through an interlayer, so that the AS probes from the NAS to the NAS or the upper layer of the NAS decides whether to receive the paging message. For example, after receiving the paging notification, the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides whether to reject the paging message, and if it decides to reject the paging message, the NAS sends an inter-layer interaction message to the AS, where the inter-layer interaction message includes second indication information and/or third indication information; the second indication information is used for indicating that the paging message is refused to be received, and the third indication information is used for indicating that the user plane data is not required to be sent to the terminal equipment.

In step 840, the NAS of the terminal device or an upper layer of the NAS triggers a service request.

In step 850, the terminal device performs a connection recovery procedure interactively with the access network device, and sends a connection recovery completion message to the access network device.

Optionally, if the AS decides to add the first indication information to the connection restoration complete message in step 830, the AS sends the connection restoration complete message to the access network device, where the connection restoration complete message includes the first indication information, so AS to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

Optionally, the connection recovery completion message further includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to the core network device and/or the access network device that the paging message is rejected to be received. Alternatively, the paging rejection indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all services of the terminal device, and may also be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for specific services of the terminal device. The terminal device has a service a, a service B, and a service C, and the paging reject indication information may be used to indicate rejection of paging messages for all of the services a, the service B, and the service C, or to indicate rejection of paging messages for at least one specific service (e.g., the service B and the service C) thereof. Optionally, the specific service is indicated by the terminal device to the core network device or agreed by a protocol, which is not limited by the present application.

In this embodiment, the AS autonomously decides to add the first indication information to the connection restoration completion message, so AS to inform the access network device that the user plane data does not need to be sent, so that the access network device does not send the user plane data after activating the terminal device resource, thereby avoiding the sending process of the user plane data which is not expected by the terminal device, saving the scheduling resource and energy consumption of the network device, and saving the energy consumption of the terminal device.

The following are examples of the apparatus of the present application that may be used to perform the method embodiments of the present application. For details not disclosed in the embodiments of the apparatus of the present application, please refer to the embodiments of the method of the present application.

Referring to fig. 9, a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The device has the function of realizing the method example of the terminal equipment side, and the function can be realized by hardware or can be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The device may be the terminal device described above, or may be provided in the terminal device. As shown in fig. 9, the apparatus 900 may include: a state transition module 910.

A state transition module 910, configured to, if the terminal device is in a non-idle state, transition from the non-idle state to an RRC idle state in a case where the terminal device decides to reject receiving the paging message; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

In an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device includes a NAS and an AS; the NAS is used for switching from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and executing NAS state recovery operation if the NAS is in the non-idle state under the condition that the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to refuse to receive the paging message.

In an exemplary embodiment, the NAS is configured to send first information to the AS, where the first information is configured to notify the AS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and perform an AS state recovery operation.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to receive a paging message from an access network device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to send a paging notification to the NAS, where the paging notification is configured to notify the NAS that a paging message from the access network device is received.

In an exemplary embodiment, the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS is configured to decide to reject or allow reception of the paging message.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to, if the AS decides to reject the reception of the paging message, switch from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and perform an AS state recovery operation if the AS is in the non-idle state.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to send second information to the NAS, where the second information is configured to notify the NAS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state.

In an exemplary embodiment, the NAS is configured to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and perform a NAS state recovery operation.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the apparatus 900 further includes a connection establishment module 920, configured to perform a connection establishment procedure by the terminal device and the access network device interactively, and send a connection establishment completion message to the access network device, where the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to the core network device and/or the access network device that reception of the paging message is refused.

Referring to fig. 10, a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application is shown. The device has the function of realizing the method example of the access network equipment side, and the function can be realized by hardware or can be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The apparatus may be the access network device described above, or may be provided in the access network device. As shown in fig. 10, the apparatus 1000 may include a connection establishment module 1010.

A connection establishment module 1010, configured to interactively perform a connection establishment procedure with a terminal device, and receive a connection establishment completion message sent by the terminal device, where the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to a core network device or the access network device that reception of a paging message is refused; under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state, the terminal equipment is converted into an RRC idle state from the non-idle state, and then the connection establishment process is executed; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

Referring to fig. 11, a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The device has the function of realizing the method example of the terminal equipment side, and the function can be realized by hardware or can be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The device may be the terminal device described above, or may be provided in the terminal device. As shown in fig. 11, the apparatus 1100 may include a connection restoration module 1110.

A connection recovery module 1110, configured to, if the terminal device decides to reject receiving the paging message, perform a connection recovery procedure with the access network device interactively if the terminal device is in an RRC inactive state, and send a connection recovery completion message to the access network device; the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the terminal device includes a non-access stratum NAS and an access stratum AS; wherein, the AS is configured to add the first indication information to the connection restoration completion message.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to autonomously decide whether to add the first indication information in the connection restoration complete message.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to determine, according to the indication of the NAS, whether to add the first indication information in the connection recovery complete message.

In an exemplary embodiment, the NAS is configured to send an inter-layer interaction message to the AS, where the inter-layer interaction message includes second indication information and/or third indication information; the second indication information is used for indicating that the paging message is refused to be received, and the third indication information is used for indicating that user plane data is not required to be sent to the terminal equipment.

In an exemplary embodiment, the AS is configured to receive a paging message from the access network device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS is configured to decide to reject or allow to receive the paging message.

In an exemplary embodiment, the connection recovery complete message further includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to the core network device and/or the access network device that the reception of the paging message is rejected.

Referring to fig. 12, a block diagram of a control apparatus for rejecting a paging message according to another embodiment of the present application is shown. The device has the function of realizing the method example of the access network equipment side, and the function can be realized by hardware or can be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The apparatus may be the access network device described above, or may be provided in the access network device. As shown in fig. 12, the apparatus 1200 may include a connection recovery module 1210.

The connection recovery module 1210 is configured to perform a connection recovery procedure with a terminal device in an RRC inactive state, and receive a connection recovery complete message sent by the terminal device, where the connection recovery complete message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the connection recovery complete message further includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to a core network device or the access network device that the paging message is rejected to be received.

It should be noted that, when the apparatus provided in the foregoing embodiment performs the functions thereof, only the division of the respective functional modules is used as an example, in practical application, the foregoing functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules according to actual needs, that is, the content structure of the device is divided into different functional modules, so as to perform all or part of the functions described above.

The specific manner in which the various modules perform the operations in the apparatus of the above embodiments have been described in detail in connection with the embodiments of the method, and will not be described in detail herein.

Referring to fig. 13, a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 130 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The terminal device 130 may include: a processor 131, a receiver 132, a transmitter 133, a memory 134, and a bus 135.

Processor 131 includes one or more processing cores, and processor 131 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules.

The receiver 132 and the transmitter 133 may be implemented as one transceiver 136, and the transceiver 136 may be a communication chip.

The memory 134 is coupled to the processor 131 via a bus 135.

The memory 134 may be used for storing a computer program, and the processor 131 is used for executing the computer program to implement the steps executed by the terminal device in the above-described method embodiment.

Further, the memory 134 may be implemented by any type of volatile or nonvolatile storage device, including but not limited to: RAM (Random-Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), flash Memory or other solid state Memory technology, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), DVD (Digital Video Disc, high density digital video disc) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices.

In one aspect, the processor 131 is configured to, if the terminal device is in a non-idle state, switch from the non-idle state to an RRC idle state in a case where the terminal device decides to reject the paging message; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

In another aspect, the transceiver 136 is configured to, if the terminal device decides to reject receiving the paging message, perform a connection recovery procedure with the access network device and send a connection recovery complete message to the access network device if the terminal device is in an RRC inactive state; the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.

For details not specifically described in the foregoing embodiments, reference may be made to the description of the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.

Referring to fig. 14, a schematic structural diagram of an access network device 140 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. The access network device 140 may include: processor 141, receiver 142, transmitter 143, memory 144, and bus 145.

Processor 141 includes one or more processing cores, and processor 141 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules.

The receiver 142 and the transmitter 143 may be implemented as a transceiver 146, and the transceiver 146 may be a communication chip.

The memory 144 is coupled to the processor 141 via a bus 145.

The memory 144 may be used to store a computer program for execution by the processor 141 to perform the various steps performed by the access network device in the method embodiments described above.

Further, the memory 144 may be implemented by any type of volatile or nonvolatile storage device, including but not limited to: RAM (Random-Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), flash Memory or other solid state Memory technology, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), DVD (Digital Video Disc, high density digital video disc) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices.

In one aspect, the transceiver 146 is configured to perform a connection establishment procedure interactively with a terminal device, and receive a connection establishment completion message sent by the terminal device, where the connection establishment completion message includes paging rejection indication information, where the paging rejection indication information is used to indicate to a core network device and/or the access network device that reception of a paging message is rejected; under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state, the terminal equipment is converted into an RRC idle state from the non-idle state, and then the connection establishment process is executed; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.

In another aspect, the transceiver 146 is configured to perform a connection recovery procedure with a terminal device in an RRC inactive state, and receive a connection recovery complete message sent by the terminal device, where the connection recovery complete message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data is not to be sent to the terminal device.

The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is used for being executed by a processor of terminal equipment to realize the control method for refusing to receive the paging message at the terminal equipment side.

The embodiment of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is used for being executed by a processor of access network equipment to realize the control method for refusing to receive the paging message at the access network equipment side.

Alternatively, the computer-readable storage medium may include: ROM (Read-Only Memory), RAM (Random-Access Memory), SSD (Solid State Drives, solid State disk), optical disk, or the like. The random access memory may include ReRAM (Resistance Random Access Memory, resistive random access memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory ), among others.

The embodiment of the application also provides a chip which comprises a programmable logic circuit and/or program instructions and is used for realizing the control method for refusing to receive the paging message at the terminal equipment side when the chip runs on the terminal equipment.

The embodiment of the application also provides a chip which comprises a programmable logic circuit and/or program instructions and is used for realizing the control method for refusing to receive the paging message at the access network equipment side when the chip runs on the access network equipment.

The embodiment of the application also provides a computer program product, the computer program product or the computer program comprises computer instructions, the computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium, and a processor reads and executes the computer instructions from the computer readable storage medium, so that a terminal device executes the control method for refusing to receive the paging message at the side of the terminal device.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product or a computer program, where the computer program product or the computer program includes computer instructions, where the computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where a processor reads and executes the computer instructions from the computer readable storage medium, so that an access network device executes a control method for refusing to receive a paging message on the side of the access network device.

It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication having an association relationship. For example, a indicates B, which may mean that a indicates B directly, e.g., B may be obtained by a; it may also indicate that a indicates B indirectly, e.g. a indicates C, B may be obtained by C; it may also be indicated that there is an association between a and B.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" may indicate that there is a direct correspondence or an indirect correspondence between the two, or may indicate that there is an association between the two, or may indicate a relationship between the two and the indicated, configured, etc.

References herein to "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.

In addition, the step numbers described herein are merely exemplary of one possible execution sequence among steps, and in some other embodiments, the steps may be executed out of the order of numbers, such as two differently numbered steps being executed simultaneously, or two differently numbered steps being executed in an order opposite to that shown, which is not limiting.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in one or more of the examples described above, the functions described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, these functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the application to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims

A control method for rejecting a paging message, the method comprising:

under the condition that terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive paging information, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state, the terminal equipment is converted into a Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle state from the non-idle state; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the terminal device comprises a non-access stratum, NAS, and an access stratum, AS;

in the case that the terminal device decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal device is in a non-idle state, the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to an RRC idle state, including:

in the case that the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject receiving the paging message, if the NAS is in the non-idle state, the NAS transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, and performs a NAS state recovery operation.
The method of claim 2, wherein after the NAS transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, further comprising:

the NAS sends first information to the AS, wherein the first information is used for notifying the AS to switch from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state;

the AS is switched from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, and executes an AS state recovery operation.
A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the method further comprises:

the AS receives a paging message from access network equipment;

the AS sends a paging notice to the NAS, wherein the paging notice is used for informing the NAS that a paging message from the access network equipment is received;

the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject or allow reception of the paging message.
The method of claim 1, wherein the terminal device comprises a NAS and an AS;

in the case that the terminal device decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal device is in a non-idle state, the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to an RRC idle state, including:

and in the case that the AS decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the AS is in the non-idle state, the AS is converted from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, and an AS state recovery operation is performed.
The method of claim 5, wherein after the AS transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, further comprising:

the AS sends second information to the NAS, wherein the second information is used for notifying the NAS to switch from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state;

the NAS is converted from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, and NAS state recovery operation is performed.
The method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein after the terminal device transitions from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state, further comprising:

the terminal equipment and the access network equipment interactively execute a connection establishment process and send a connection establishment completion message to the access network equipment, wherein the connection establishment completion message contains paging rejection indication information, and the paging rejection indication information is used for indicating rejection of paging message to the core network equipment and/or the access network equipment.
A control method for rejecting a paging message, the method comprising:

the access network equipment interactively executes a connection establishment process with the terminal equipment and receives a connection establishment completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection establishment completion message comprises paging rejection indication information which is used for indicating rejection of paging message to the core network equipment and/or the access network equipment;

Under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state, the terminal equipment is converted into a Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle state from the non-idle state, and then the connection establishment process is executed; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.
A control method for rejecting a paging message, the method comprising:

under the condition that terminal equipment decides to reject to receive paging information, if the terminal equipment is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state, the terminal equipment and access network equipment interactively execute a connection recovery process and send a connection recovery completion message to the access network equipment;

the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.
The method according to claim 9, wherein the terminal device comprises a non-access stratum, NAS, and an access stratum, AS; wherein, the AS is configured to add the first indication information to the connection restoration completion message.
The method of claim 10, wherein the AS autonomously decides whether to add the first indication information in the connection restoration complete message.
The method of claim 10 wherein the AS decides whether to add the first indication information in the connection restoration complete message based on the indication of the NAS.
The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, further comprising:

the NAS sends an interlayer interaction message to the AS, wherein the interlayer interaction message comprises second indication information and/or third indication information; the second indication information is used for indicating that the paging message is refused to be received, and the third indication information is used for indicating that user plane data is not required to be sent to the terminal equipment.
The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:

the AS receives a paging message from the access network device;

the AS sends a paging notice to the NAS, wherein the paging notice is used for informing the NAS that a paging message from the access network equipment is received;

the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject or allow reception of the paging message.
The method according to any of the claims 9 to 14, wherein the connection restoration complete message further comprises paging rejection indication information, the paging rejection indication information being used for indicating to a core network device and/or the access network device that reception of paging messages is rejected.
A control method for rejecting a paging message, the method comprising:

the access network equipment performs a connection recovery process in an interactive way with the terminal equipment in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state, and receives a connection recovery completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection recovery completion message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used for indicating that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal equipment to the access network equipment.
The method according to claim 16, wherein the connection recovery complete message further comprises paging rejection indication information, the paging rejection indication information being used for indicating to a core network device and/or the access network device that the reception of the paging message is rejected.
A control apparatus for rejecting a paging message, the apparatus comprising:

a state transition module, configured to, if the terminal device is in a non-idle state, transition from the non-idle state to a radio resource control RRC idle state in a case where the terminal device decides to reject receiving the paging message; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.
The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the terminal device comprises a non-access stratum, NAS, and an access stratum, AS;

the NAS is configured to, if the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS decides to reject receiving the paging message, switch from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and perform a NAS state recovery operation if the NAS is in the non-idle state.
The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

the NAS is configured to send first information to the AS, where the first information is used to notify the AS to transition from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state;

the AS is used for switching from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and executing AS state recovery operation.
The device according to claim 19 or 20, wherein,

the AS is used for receiving paging information from access network equipment;

the AS is used for sending a paging notice to the NAS, and the paging notice is used for informing the NAS of receiving a paging message from the access network equipment;

the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS is configured to decide to reject or allow reception of the paging message.
The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the terminal device comprises a NAS and an AS;

And the AS is used for switching from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and executing AS state recovery operation if the AS is in the non-idle state under the condition that the AS decides to refuse to receive the paging message.
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

the AS is used for sending second information to the NAS, and the second information is used for notifying the NAS to switch from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state;

the NAS is used for switching from the non-idle state to the RRC idle state and executing NAS state recovery operation.
The apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 23, further comprising:

the connection establishment module is used for interactively executing a connection establishment process with the access network equipment and sending a connection establishment completion message to the access network equipment, wherein the connection establishment completion message comprises paging rejection indication information, and the paging rejection indication information is used for indicating rejection of receiving the paging message to the core network equipment and/or the access network equipment.
A control apparatus for rejecting a paging message, the apparatus comprising:

the connection establishment module is used for interactively executing a connection establishment process with the terminal equipment and receiving a connection establishment completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection establishment completion message comprises paging rejection indication information which is used for indicating rejection of paging message to core network equipment and/or access network equipment;

Under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message, if the terminal equipment is in a non-idle state, the terminal equipment is converted into a Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle state from the non-idle state, and then the connection establishment process is executed; wherein the non-idle state includes an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state.
A control apparatus for rejecting a paging message, the apparatus comprising:

the connection recovery module is used for interactively executing a connection recovery process with the access network equipment and sending a connection recovery completion message to the access network equipment if the terminal equipment is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state under the condition that the terminal equipment decides to refuse to receive the paging message;

the connection recovery completion message includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate to the access network device that user plane data does not need to be sent to the terminal device.
The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the terminal device comprises a non-access stratum, NAS, and an access stratum, AS; wherein, the AS is configured to add the first indication information to the connection restoration completion message.
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the AS is configured to autonomously decide whether to add the first indication information in the connection restoration complete message.
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the AS is configured to determine whether to add the first indication information to the connection recovery complete message based on the indication of the NAS.
The device according to any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein,

the NAS is used for sending an interlayer interaction message to the AS, wherein the interlayer interaction message comprises second indication information and/or third indication information; the second indication information is used for indicating that the paging message is refused to be received, and the third indication information is used for indicating that user plane data is not required to be sent to the terminal equipment.
The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the device comprises a plurality of sensors,

the AS is used for receiving the paging message from the access network equipment;

the AS is used for sending a paging notice to the NAS, and the paging notice is used for informing the NAS of receiving a paging message from the access network equipment;

the NAS or an upper layer of the NAS is configured to decide to reject or allow reception of the paging message.
The apparatus according to any of claims 26 to 31, wherein the connection recovery complete message further comprises paging reject indication information, the paging reject indication information being used for indicating to a core network device and/or the access network device that reception of paging messages is rejected.
A control apparatus for rejecting a paging message, the apparatus comprising:

and the connection recovery module is used for interactively executing a connection recovery process with the terminal equipment in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) inactive state, receiving a connection recovery completion message sent by the terminal equipment, wherein the connection recovery completion message comprises first indication information which is used for indicating that user plane data is not needed to be sent to the terminal equipment to the access network equipment.
The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the connection recovery complete message further comprises paging rejection indication information, the paging rejection indication information being used to indicate to a core network device and/or the access network device that the reception of the paging message is rejected.
A terminal device, characterized in that it comprises a processor and a memory, in which a computer program is stored, which processor executes the computer program to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 or to implement the method of any one of claims 9 to 15.
An access network device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory having stored therein a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the method of claim 8 or to implement the method of any of claims 16 to 17.
A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored therein a computer program for execution by a processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, or to implement the method of claim 8, or to implement the method of any one of claims 9 to 15, or to implement the method of any one of claims 16 to 17.
A chip comprising programmable logic circuits and/or program instructions for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, or the method of claim 8, or the method of any one of claims 9 to 15, or the method of any one of claims 16 to 17, when the chip is running.
A computer program product or computer program comprising computer instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium, from which a processor reads and executes the computer instructions to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, or to implement the method of claim 8, or to implement the method of any one of claims 9 to 15, or to implement the method of any one of claims 16 to 17.