CN117203345A - 用于肉代用品组合物的色素 - Google Patents
用于肉代用品组合物的色素 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117203345A CN117203345A CN202280029256.8A CN202280029256A CN117203345A CN 117203345 A CN117203345 A CN 117203345A CN 202280029256 A CN202280029256 A CN 202280029256A CN 117203345 A CN117203345 A CN 117203345A
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- A23L5/46—Addition of dyes or pigments, e.g. in combination with optical brighteners using dyes or pigments of microbial or algal origin
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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Abstract
本文公开了用于肉代用品的色素组合物和包含此类色素组合物的肉代用品。该色素组合物包含热不稳定粉平菇粉红色显色蛋白。该色素组合物为肉代用品组合物提供粉红色和/或红色,该肉代用品组合物在烹饪后转变为无色或棕色。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年4月19日提交的美国临时申请63/176,575号的优先权,该美国临时申请以引用方式全文并入本文中。
对经由EFS-Web提交的序列表的参考
在2022年4月11日创建并且通过EFS-Web与本申请一起电子提交的大小为13.6kb且名称为“PT1048_ST25.txt”的序列表的ASCII文本文件的内容以引用方式全文并入本文中。
背景技术
由于多种原因,对基于植物的肉代用品的需求正在增加。许多消费者更喜欢表现最类似于动物肉的肉代用品选项,包括希望肉代用品的颜色在烹饪之前和之后与动物肉颜色相当。因此,需要一种可为肉代用品提供与天然动物肉相同或相似颜色的色素。当烹饪肉代用品时,可转变颜色的源自天然来源的色素是特别理想的。
发明内容
本公开提供组合物,其包含有效增加肉代用品的红色或粉红色的量的粉平菇提取物。粉平菇提取物可以是红平菇(Pleurotus djamor)或鲑红侧耳(Pleurotussalmoneostramineus)的水性提取物。该组合物可以是色素组合物。
本公开还提供组合物,其包含有效增加肉代用品的红色的量的粉红色显色蛋白(PCP)。PCP可以具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度,并且可以来自平菇(Pleurotus)物种。PCP可以来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。该组合物还可包含与PCP的摩尔比在0.5:1至2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮。该PCP可包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。该组合物可以是色素组合物。
对于本文所述的组合物(例如,色素组合物),当在130℃下加热2分钟时,组合物的红色可降低。当在130℃下加热2分钟后,该组合物的L*a*b*比色法的a*值可降低至少5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%。当将该组合物在130℃下加热2分钟时,496nm的波长处的光的吸光度可相对于加热之前的吸光度降低。
例如,本公开提供包含粉平菇、粉平菇的提取物(例如,水性提取物)和/或粉红色显色蛋白(PCP)的色素组合物。
本公开还提供了一种肉代用品,其包含非肉蛋白和(i)包含粉平菇提取物的色素组合物;(ii)粉平菇;和/或(iii)包含PCP的色素组合物。该色素组合物可包含红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。肉代用品组合物可包含粉平菇,该粉平菇为切碎、研磨、制成泥、压碎或干燥的粉平菇。肉代用品可包含具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度且来自平菇物种的PCP。PCP可以来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。肉代用品可另外包含与PCP的摩尔比在0.5:1至2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮。该PCP可包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。非肉蛋白可为选自由豌豆蛋白、大豆蛋白、玉米蛋白和小麦蛋白组成的组的基于植物的蛋白质。非肉蛋白可以是真菌衍生的真菌蛋白。肉代用品可包含按重量计0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%的吲哚-3-酮结合的PCP。肉代用品的红色在烹饪后可降低。当在130℃下加热2分钟时,肉代用品的L*a*b*比色法的a*值可降低至少5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%。
本公开还提供了一种用于增加肉代用品的红色的方法,包括添加(i)粉平菇提取物;(ii)粉平菇;和/或(iii)PCP至包含非肉蛋白的肉代用品。粉平菇提取物可以是红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。粉平菇可以是切碎、研磨、制成泥、压碎或干燥的粉平菇。PCP可以具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度,并且来自平菇物种。PCP可以来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。PCP可以作为包含PCP和吲哚-3-酮的色素组合物的一部分添加。该色素组合物可包含摩尔比在0.5:1和2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮和PCP。该PCP可包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。
本公开还提供了一种用于降低烹饪过的肉代用品中的红色的方法,所述方法包括烹饪肉代用品,所述肉代用品包含非肉蛋白和(i)粉平菇提取物;(ii)粉平菇;和/或(iii)PCP,由此烹饪过的肉代用品的红色相对于烹饪之前的肉代用品的红色降低。粉平菇提取物可以是红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。粉平菇可以是切碎、研磨、制成泥、压碎或干燥的粉平菇。。PCP可以具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度,并且来自平菇物种。PCP可以来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。PCP可以作为包含PCP和吲哚-3-酮的色素组合物的一部分添加。该色素组合物可包含摩尔比在0.5:1和2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮和PCP。该PCP可包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。当在130℃下加热2分钟时,肉代用品的L*a*b*比色法的a*值可降低至少5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%。非肉蛋白可为或可包括选自由豌豆蛋白、大豆蛋白、玉米蛋白和小麦蛋白组成的组的基于植物的蛋白质。非肉蛋白可为或可包括真菌衍生的真菌蛋白。肉代用品可包含按重量计0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%的吲哚-3-酮结合的PCP。
本发明还提供了能够产生吲哚-3-酮和粉红色显色蛋白的重组宿主细胞,所述细胞包含:(i)编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%相同的多肽的外源核苷酸序列;(ii)编码色氨酸反馈不敏感的DAHP合酶的多核苷酸;(iii)编码来自卡特利链霉菌(Streptomycescattleya)的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;以及(iv)编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸,其中一个或多个色氨酸生物合成基因在所述重组宿主细胞中过表达,并且所述重组宿主细胞产生PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物可具有约496nm的最大吸光度。该重组宿主细胞可包含天然DAHP合酶基因的缺失或破坏。
本发明还提供了能够产生吲哚-3-酮和粉红色显色蛋白的重组宿主细胞,所述细胞包含:(i)编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%相同的多肽的外源核苷酸序列;(ii)编码色氨酸酶的外源多核苷酸;(iii)编码来自卡特利链霉菌(Streptomyces cattleya)的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;以及(iv)编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸,其中所述重组宿主细胞产生PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物可具有约496nm的最大吸光度。
本文所述的重组宿主细胞可以是大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、镰刀菌(Fusarium venenatum)、毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)、酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、乳酸克卢维菌(Kluyveromyces lactis)、多脂耶氏菌(Yarrowia lipolytica)、里氏毛霉(Trichomderma reesei)、东方伊萨钦氏菌(Issatchenkia orientalis)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、双孢蘑菇(Agaricusbisporus)、香菇(Lentinula edodes)、草豆菌(Volvariella volvacea)、豌豆(Pisumsativum)、玉米(Zea mays)、大豆(Glycine max)或小麦物种(Triticum sp.)细胞。重组宿主细胞可以是大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、镰刀菌(Fusarium venenatum)、毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)、酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomycescerevisiae)、乳酸克卢维菌(Kluyveromyces lactis)、多脂耶氏菌(Yarrowialipolytica)、里氏毛霉(Trichomderma reesei)、东方伊萨钦氏菌(Issatchenkiaorientalis)或黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)细胞。
还提供了在非肉蛋白中包含本文所述的重组细胞的肉代用品。还提供了用于制备具有增加的红色的肉代用品的方法,所述方法包括:将非肉蛋白和由本文所述的重组宿主细胞产生的PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物组合,以形成与在没有PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的情况下制备的肉代用品相比具有增加的红色的肉代用品。非肉蛋白可与本文所述且包含PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的重组宿主细胞组合。该方法可另外包括在与非肉蛋白组合之前从重组宿主细胞分离PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的步骤。该肉代用品可包含按重量计0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%的PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。
附图说明
本专利或申请含有至少一张彩色绘制的附图。具有彩色附图的本专利或专利申请公开的副本将在请求和支付必要费用后由专利局提供。
附图通常以举例的方式而非限制的方式示出本文档中讨论的各种方面。
图1示出粉平菇的照片。
图2示出在130℃电热板上加热1分钟之前(右)和之后(左)切碎的粉平菇的照片。
图3示出通过离心从粉平菇在水中的泥分离的粉平菇在水中的提取物。
图4从左至右示出在水中的粉平菇泥、图3的粉平菇提取物、在130℃的电热板上加热40秒后的粉平菇提取物、以及在130℃的电热板上加热1分钟后的在水中的粉平菇泥。
图5示出粉平菇泥在加热之前(底线)和在130℃下加热1分钟之后(顶线)的亨特比色法反射率图。
图6A和6B示出在130℃热盘上加热40秒之前(顶线)和之后(底线)粉平菇提取物(从泥分离的上清液)的吸光度数据。图6A示出收集的吸光度数据的全光谱,并且图6B突出了从约348.8nm至648.8nm的吸光度范围。
图7示出初始水性粉平菇提取物(左)和8倍浓缩提取物之间的比较。
图8示出初始水性粉平菇提取物(底部线)和8倍浓缩液(顶部线)的吸收光谱的比较。
图9A和图9B示出肉代用品组合物中牛肉(左)和粉平菇提取物(右)的颜色比较。图9A示出原始颜色的比较,且图9B示出在130℃热板上加热各样品1分钟后的比较。
图10示出如实施例4中概述的级分A-级分H的吸收光谱。
图11示出具有胰蛋白酶消化物和不具有胰蛋白酶消化物的实施例4的级分A和级分E的吸收光谱。
图12示出具有(G5)胰蛋白酶消化物和不具有(G6)胰蛋白酶消化物的级分A以及具有(G7)胰蛋白酶消化物和不具有(G8)胰蛋白酶消化物的级分E的视觉外观。将级分E的两个样品在50mM HEPES水性溶液中1:2稀释。
图13示出如实施例4中概述的组分A和组分E的经胰蛋白酶消化样品和未经消化样品之间的吸光度变化。
图14示出经(H11)EDTA处理和未经(H10)EDTA处理的级分A以及仅用EDTA处理条件(H12)而没有任何粉平菇级分的样品的照片。
图15示出有和没有EDTA处理以及单独的EDTA条件下的级分A的吸收光谱。
图16示出经EDTA处理的级分A样品和未经处理的级分A样品之间的吸光度的变化。
图17A和图17B示出如实施例4中概述的未应变(17A)的天然凝胶电泳结果和染色(17B)的天然凝胶电泳结果。
图18示出(从左至右)粗平菇提取物、浓缩的粗平菇提取物、含有吲哚-3-酮的丙酮提取的来自粉平菇的可溶性级分、分离的重组PsPCP、以及与含有吲哚-3-酮的丙酮提取组合的重组PsPCP的样品。
图19示出图18中所示和实施例6中概述的样品的吸收光谱。
图20示出如实施例7所述生产吲哚-3-酮(也称为吲哚酮)的生物合成途径。
具体实施方式
本文描述了含有热不稳定粉红色显色蛋白的用于肉代用品的色素组合物。热不稳定PsPCP、来自鲑红侧耳和其它平菇物种PCP的粉红色显色蛋白可用于在烹饪之前具有与生动物肉类似的粉红色/红色并且在加热期间易于降解的色素组合物中。色素组合物的这种降解导致色素在加热后颜色基本上降低或者变为无色。因此,含有有效量的这种色素组合物的肉代用品将从生的时的粉红色/红色转变为烹饪时的棕色或者不太红的颜色。在一个方面,棕色的出现是因为肉代用品中的色素组合物在加热期间变得至少部分无色,这使得由涉及肉代用品的其他组分的美拉德反应产生的棕色变得比用于肉代用品的其他色素更明显。
除非另有定义,本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。如本文所用,以下术语中的每一个具有如下文所定义的与之相关的含义。
如本文所用,术语“肉代用品”和“肉代用品组合物”可互换使用,是指模拟天然动物肉或天然动物肉组合物的一般外观、营养含量和/或味道的组合物,而不含有来自完整、活的脊椎动物的组织或细胞作为主要组分。例如,肉代用品可以不含或含有作为次要组分的天然存在的动物肌肉、脂肪或来自从整个脊椎动物(例如,牛、绵羊、猪、鸡、火鸡等)收获的肌肉组织的卫星细胞。在一些方面,肉代用品不含任何动物细胞,例如任何体内衍生的或体外培养的动物细胞。
本文所述的肉代用品和肉代用品组合物包括非肉蛋白、基于植物的蛋白质(例如,豌豆蛋白、大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、鹰嘴豆蛋白、玉米蛋白等)、基于真菌的蛋白(例如,衍生自真菌(诸如镰刀菌等的真菌蛋白)、体外培养的动物细胞(例如,培养的肌肉细胞、卫星细胞、脂肪细胞等)、昆虫蛋白质或它们的组合。肉代用品可包括基于植物的蛋白质,包括但不限于豌豆蛋白、大豆蛋白、小麦蛋白、鹰嘴豆蛋白和玉米蛋白。肉代用品可包括基于真菌的蛋白质,包括但不限于来自镰刀菌的真菌蛋白。肉代用品可包含真菌提取物,包括但不限于镰刀菌和/或平菇物种提取物(例如,鲑红侧耳、红平菇等)。肉代用品可包括体外培养的动物细胞,包括但不限于使用例如发酵、生物反应器、支架接种细胞培养或其它人工方法生长、分化和繁殖的肌肉细胞、卫星细胞和脂肪细胞。肉代用品可以包括基于植物的蛋白质、基于真菌的蛋白质、昆虫蛋白质和体外培养的动物细胞中的两种或更多种的组合。例如,肉代用品可以包括豌豆蛋白和真菌的真菌蛋白、大豆蛋白和培养的牛肌肉细胞、培养的禽类脂肪细胞和真菌的真菌蛋白,或基于植物的蛋白质、基于真菌的蛋白质、昆虫蛋白质和体外培养的动物细胞的任何其它组合。
在一些方面,肉代用品包括基于植物的蛋白质、基于真菌的蛋白质或它们的组合,并且不含任何基于动物的蛋白质或细胞。在一些方面,肉代用品包括基于植物的蛋白质、基于真菌的蛋白质、昆虫蛋白质以及它们的组合,并且不含任何基于脊椎动物的细胞或蛋白质。在一些方面,肉代用品包括基于植物的蛋白质,并且不含非色素的基于真菌、昆虫或基于动物的细胞或蛋白质。在一些方面,肉代用品包括基于真菌的蛋白质,并且不含基于植物、昆虫和基于动物的细胞和蛋白质。在一些方面,肉代用品包括昆虫蛋白质,并且不含基于植物、非色素的基于真菌和基于动物的细胞和蛋白质。在一些方面,肉代用品包括体内培养的动物细胞,并且不含基于植物的蛋白质、非色素的基于真菌的蛋白质、昆虫蛋白质和体内完整动物衍生的组织、细胞和蛋白质。
在一些方面,肉代用品可模拟牛肉产品,例如碎牛肉、牛排、牛肉干、牛肋、牛肉饼、牛肉香肠等。在一些方面中,肉代用品可模拟猪肉产品,例如碎猪肉、猪排、火腿、烟熏猪肉、培根、猪肉香肠、猪肉饼、猪肋等。在一些方面,肉代用品可模拟鸡肉产品,例如碎鸡肉、鸡胸肉、鸡腿肉、鸡大腿肉、鸡翅、鸡肉饼、鸡柳、鸡块、鸡肉香肠等。在一些方面,肉代用品可模拟火鸡产品,例如,碎火鸡肉、火鸡香肠、火鸡肉饼等。在一些方面,肉代用品可模拟贝类产品,例如螃蟹、龙虾、虾、小龙虾、蛤蜊、扇贝、牡蛎、贻贝等。在一些方面,肉代用品可模拟熏制、腌制或加工肉产品,例如冷熟肉食、萨拉米香肠、夏季香肠、意大利生醃火腿、博洛尼亚大熏肠、波兰熏肠等。
如本文所用,术语“非肉蛋白”是指来源于植物、真菌、昆虫、乳制品或体外培养的动物细胞的蛋白质,并且排除体内脊椎动物衍生的组织、细胞或蛋白质。例如,非肉蛋白可包括基于植物的蛋白质、基于真菌的蛋白、昆虫蛋白质、乳蛋白质(例如,酪蛋白和乳清)、来自体外培养的动物细胞的蛋白质或它们的组合。
如本文所用,术语“红色显色蛋白”(“RCP”)和“粉红色显色蛋白”(“PCP”)可互换使用,并且是指当正确折叠时,并且如果必要,在需要的辅因子的存在下,具有在450nm和600nm之间的吸光光谱最大值的多肽。吸光光谱最大值在本领域中也称为λmax。当在浓度为至少0.5mg/ml的水性溶液中时,并且当通过肉眼观察时RCP或PCP呈现红色或粉红色。RCP和PCP在本领域中也可称为“红色荧光蛋白”和“粉红色荧光蛋白”。所描述的PCP多肽包括来自平菇物种的PCP,例如PsPCP。
本文所述的PCP多肽的特征在于当与吲哚-3-酮复合时具有粉红色/红色以及在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度。吲哚-3-酮的结构包括在下面(式I)。例如,单独的PsPCP多肽是无色的,而单独的吲哚-3-酮化合物是黄色的,在456nm处具有最大吸收。不受任何特定理论、实施方案或作用模式的束缚,吲哚-3-酮在与PsPCP多肽结合后经历红向频移,产生在496nm处具有最大吸光度的PsPCP吲哚-3-酮结合的复合物。术语“吲哚-3-酮结合的PCP”和“PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物”在本文中可互换使用,并且是指在PCP多肽和吲哚-3-酮之间形成的复合物,其产生在496nm处或附近具有最大吸光度的粉红色显色复合物。
如本文所用,术语“多肽”和“肽”可互换使用,是指给予所述大分子其功能和性质所必需的总的一级、二级、三级和四级氨基酸序列和结构。如本文所用,“酶”或“生物合成途径酶”是指催化化学反应的蛋白质。任何特定酶(独立地或作为生物合成途径的一部分)的叙述应理解为包括酶适当发挥功能所必需的辅因子、辅酶和金属。如本领域所理解的氨基酸和它们的三个字母和一个字母符号的概述提供于表1中。氨基酸名称、三个字母符号和一个字母符号在本文中可互换使用。
表1:氨基酸三个字母和一个字母符号
氨基酸 | 三个字母符号 | 一个字母符号 |
丙氨酸 | Ala | A |
精氨酸 | Arg | R |
天冬酰胺 | Asn | N |
天冬氨酸 | Asp | D |
半胱氨酸 | Cys | C |
谷氨酸 | Glu | E |
谷氨酰胺 | Gln | Q |
甘氨酸 | Gly | G |
组氨酸 | His | H |
异亮氨酸 | Ile | I |
亮氨酸 | Leu | L |
赖氨酸 | Lys | K |
甲硫氨酸 | Met | M |
苯丙氨酸 | Phe | F |
脯氨酸 | Pro | P |
丝氨酸 | Ser | S |
苏氨酸 | Thr | T |
色氨酸 | Trp | W |
酪氨酸 | Tyr | Y |
缬氨酸 | Val | V |
如本文所用,“PsPCP”是指来自粉平菇鲑红侧耳的PCP。GenBank ID BBB05257.1。在SEQ ID NO:1中提供了PsPCP的野生型多肽序列。
SEQ ID NO:1
MSLTLSPLPPLSNDIYPIGRNSLGNLMTATEKAKELPQEDKSAAQFQATSQESYKSAVSQTTKESPSASLAKFCKEAETAYPALYKAIQANDSASAKELAKSIASKLTEVATSAGNVAQAYNQGAAKAQEGQKLMKSALPGSHPVKDSVDDALQYLSPAAQVFTSMQSSLNESAKNVVAAADKVGKVPANQIASEDSGEAIANAWAKLGVKATAQAEAYNKWQGNQ
如本文所用,术语“热不稳定RCP”和“热不稳定PCP”是指当在130℃下加热2分钟时,在496nm处的吸光度相对于加热之前在496nm处的吸光度降低的RCP或PCP多肽。在一些方面,在加热后,热不稳定RCP或PCP具有小于加热之前在496nm处吸光度的80%、小于70%、小于60%、小于50%、小于40%、小于30%或小于20%的吸光度。在视觉上,热不稳定RCP或PCP的红色或粉红色的强度可在加热时降低,或者红色或粉红色可在加热后完全不存在。热不稳定RCP和PCP可以是野生型、天然存在的RCP和PCP,其在加热时示出降低的红色/粉红色和在496nm处的吸光度。适用于本文所述色素的热不稳定PCP包括SEQ ID NO:1的热不稳定PsPCP和与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的热不稳定PCP多肽。
与本文所述的多肽具有基本同一性或同源性的变体或序列可用于实施所公开的色素、组合物和方法。此类序列可称为变体或修饰的序列。即,多肽序列可被修饰但仍保留表现出期望的活性的能力。通常,变体或修饰的序列可包括与野生型、天然存在的多肽序列或与如本文所述的变体多肽的为或大于约45%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%的序列同一性。
如本文所用,短语“%序列同一性”、“%同一性”和“百分比同一性”可互换使用,并且是指使用标准化算法比对的至少两个氨基酸序列或至少两个核酸序列之间的残基匹配的百分比。氨基酸和核酸序列比对的方法是众所周知的。序列比对和序列同一性的生成包括使用计算方法进行的全局比对和局部比对。可以使用具有默认参数的BLAST(国家生物信息中心(NCBI)基于局部比对的搜索工具)版本2.2.31进行比对。可以使用具有以下默认参数的标准蛋白质BLAST来确定氨基酸序列之间的氨基酸序列同一性%:最大靶序列:100;短查询:自动调整短输入序列的参数;期望阈值:10;字长:6;查询范围内的最大匹配数:0;矩阵:BLOSUM62;空位罚分:(存在:11,扩展:1);成分调整:条件成分得分矩阵调整;过滤器:未选择;遮罩:未选择。可以使用具有以下默认参数的标准核苷酸BLAST来确定核酸序列之间的核酸序列同一性%:最大靶序列:100;短查询:自动调整短输入序列的参数;期望阈值:10;字长:28;查询范围内的最大匹配数:0;匹配/失配得分:1、-2;空位罚分:线性;过滤器:低复杂度区域;遮罩:仅用于查找表的遮罩。使用具有默认参数的NCBI BLAST版本2.2.31算法相对于参考序列具有XX%(例如,80%)的同一性得分的序列被视为至少XX%相同,或者等效地与参考序列具有XX%的序列同一性。
多肽或多核苷酸序列同一性可以在整个定义的多肽序列(例如,如特定SEQ ID号所定义的)的长度上测量,或者可以在较短的长度上测量,例如,在取自较大的定义的多肽序列的片段(例如,至少15个、至少20个、至少30个、至少40个、至少50个、至少70个或至少150个连续残基的片段)的长度上测量。此类长度仅是示例性的,并且应理解,本文、表、图或序列表中所示序列支持的任何断片长度可用于描述可测量百分比同一性的长度。
本文公开的多肽可包括“变体”多肽、“突变体”和“其衍生物”。如本文所用,术语“野生型”是本领域技术人员所理解的术语,并且意指多肽在自然界中的典型形式,区别于变体或突变形式。如本文所用,“变体”、“突变体”或“衍生物”是指具有与参考蛋白质或多肽分子不同的氨基酸序列的多肽分子。变体或突变体相对于参考分子可具有一个或多个氨基酸残基的插入、缺失或取代。
本文考虑的多肽变体、突变体、衍生物或片段的氨基酸序列可包括相对于参考氨基酸序列的保守氨基酸取代。例如,变体、突变体、衍生物或片段多肽可包括相对于参考分子的保守氨基酸取代。“保守氨基酸取代”是氨基酸取代为不同氨基酸的那些取代,其中该取代被预测为对参考多肽的性质的干扰最小。换句话说,保守氨基酸取代基本上保留了参考多肽的结构和功能。保守氨基酸取代通常维持(a)取代区域中多肽主链的结构,例如β片层或α螺旋构象,(b)取代位点处分子的电荷和/或疏水性,和/或(c)侧链的体积。
如本文所用,术语“多核苷酸”、“多核苷酸序列”和“核酸序列”和“核酸”可互换使用并且是指核苷酸序列或其任何片段。这些短语还指天然或合成来源的DNA或RNA,其可以是单链或双链的并且可以表示有义链或反义链。DNA多核苷酸可以是cDNA或基因组DNA序列。
如果处于其天然状态或当通过本领域技术人员已知的方法操作时,多核苷酸可被转录和/或翻译以产生多肽或其片段,则称该多核苷酸编码多肽。这种多核苷酸的反义链也被认为编码该序列。
本领域技术人员理解遗传密码的简并性以及多种多核苷酸可以编码相同的多肽。在一些方面中,多核苷酸(即编码EforRed多肽的多核苷酸)可经密码子优化以在特定细胞内表达,该特定细胞包括但不限于植物细胞、细菌细胞、真菌细胞或动物细胞。尽管本文公开了由珊瑚中发现的多核苷酸序列编码的多肽,但可使用编码本文所述的多肽的期望形式的任何多核苷酸序列。因此,可使用非天然存在的序列。这些序列可能是期望的,例如,以增强多肽或蛋白质的异源表达系统中的表达。用于产生简并编码序列的计算机程序是可获得的并且可用于此目的。铅笔、纸、遗传密码和人手也可用于产生简并编码序列。
本文还提供编码热不稳定PsPCP多肽的多核苷酸。多核苷酸可编码本文所述的任何热不稳定PCP多肽中的任一者,例如,多核苷酸可编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的多肽。
本文所述的多肽可作为构建体的一部分提供。如本文所用,术语“构建体”是指重组多核苷酸,包括但不限于DNA和RNA,该DNA和RNA可以是单链或双链的并且可以代表有义链或反义链。重组多核苷酸是通过实验室方法形成的多核苷酸,该多核苷酸包括衍生自至少两种不同天然来源的多核苷酸序列,或者它们可以是合成的。因此,构建体可包括通过例如基因组编辑技术引入的对内源基因的新修饰。构建体还可以包括使用例如重组DNA方法产生的重组多核苷酸。构建体可以是包括与编码热不稳定EforRed多肽的多核苷酸可操作地连接的启动子的载体。如本文所用,术语“载体”是指能够转运与其连接的另一多核苷酸的多核苷酸。载体可以是质粒,其是指环状双链DNA环,额外的DNA片段可以整合到该环中。
还提供了包括本文所述的任何多核苷酸、构建体或载体的细胞。细胞可以是原核细胞或真核细胞。合适的原核细胞包括细菌细胞,例如,大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌细胞。合适的真核细胞包括但不限于真菌细胞、植物细胞和动物细胞。合适的真菌细胞包括但不限于镰刀菌、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母菌、乳酸克卢维酵母、多脂耶氏酵母、里氏毛霉、东方伊萨酵母和黑曲霉细胞。合适的植物细胞包括但不限于豌豆细胞(豌豆)、玉米细胞(玉米)、大豆细胞(大豆)和小麦细胞(小麦物种)。合适的动物细胞包括但不限于肌肉细胞(例如肌细胞、成肌细胞、肌卫星和卫星细胞)和脂肪细胞(例如脂肪细胞或脂肪祖细胞,诸如间充质干细胞)。合适的动物细胞可以是哺乳动物(例如牛、猪和羊)、禽类(例如家禽)、甲壳纲动物(例如虾、龙虾和螃蟹)、软体动物(例如蛤蜊、贻贝、扇贝和牡蛎)或昆虫细胞。在一些方面,细胞是可食用的蘑菇细胞,其是指对于人类消费而言安全的蘑菇。例如,可食用的蘑菇细胞可以是镰刀菌、双孢蘑菇、香菇或草菇细胞。
本文所述的细胞可包括吲哚-3-酮和编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的多肽的多核苷酸、构建体或载体。可将吲哚-3-酮作为分离的化合物、作为粗粉平菇提取物引入细胞,或可由工程化进入细胞内的生物合成途径产生。例如,细胞可包括编码脱氢酶或还原酶的外源性多核苷酸,所述脱氢酶或还原酶催化吲哚酚脱氢为吲哚酮。(图20)。细胞还可包括编码细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸,该酶催化从吲哚形成吲哚酚。
本文所述的且能够产生粉红色/红色PsPCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的重组宿主可包括(i)编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的多肽的外源多核苷酸;(ii)编码色氨酸反馈不敏感的3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯-庚酮糖酸7-磷酸(DAHP)合酶的多核苷酸;(iii)包含色氨酸生物合成途径的基因的过表达;(iv)编码来自卡特利链霉菌(Streptomyces cattleya)的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;以及(v)编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸。在一些方面,编码色氨酸反馈不敏感的DAHP的多核苷酸被整合到宿主细胞的基因组中,使得天然aroH DAHP合酶基因被置换。色氨酸生物合成途径基因可以通过本领域已知的任何合适的手段过表达,例如,引入组成型启动子,引入基因的额外拷贝,以及抑制所述基因表达的阻遏,使得表达增加。重组宿主细胞可以是细菌、真菌、植物或动物细胞。在一些方面,所述细胞是大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、镰刀菌、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母菌、乳酸克卢维菌、多脂耶氏菌、里氏毛霉、东方伊萨钦氏菌、黑曲霉、双孢蘑菇、香菇、草豆菌、豌豆、玉米、大豆或小麦物种细胞。在一些方面,所述细胞是大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、镰刀菌、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母菌、乳酸克卢维菌、多脂耶氏菌、里氏毛霉、东方伊萨钦氏菌或黑曲霉细胞。
如本文所用,反馈敏感性是指通过酶的反应产物或酶在其中有活性的途径的产物对酶的抑制或对酶的表达的抑制。例如,天然真菌aroH DAHP酶在色氨酸生物合成途径中是活性的,但被色氨酸反馈抑制。色氨酸浓度越高,DAHP酶活性越低。相比之下,反馈不敏感的DAHP酶的表达导致一致的酶活性,甚至在高色氨酸浓度的存在下。合适的色氨酸反馈不敏感的DAHP酶是已知的并且在本领域中有所描述。例如,参见Niu等人(Niu,H等人,Metabolicengineering for improving L-tryptophan production in Escherichia coli.JIndust Microbiol Biotechnol 46:55-65(2019))和Ger等人(Ger等人,A single Ser-180mutation desensitizes feedback inhibition of the phenylalanine-sensitive3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonae-7-phosphate(DAHP)synthase in Escherichi coli.JBiochem 116:989-990(1994))。本领域技术人员将认识到适合如本文所述使用的色氨酸反馈不敏感的DAHP酶。
本文所述的且能够产生粉红色/红色PsPCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的重组宿主可包括(i)编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的多肽的外源多核苷酸;(ii)编码色氨酸酶的外源多核苷酸;(iii)编码来自卡特利链霉菌(Streptomyces cattleya)的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;以及(iv)编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸。重组宿主细胞可以是细菌、真菌、植物或动物细胞。在一些方面,所述细胞是大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、镰刀菌、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母菌、乳酸克卢维菌、多脂耶氏菌、里氏毛霉、东方伊萨钦氏菌、黑曲霉、双孢蘑菇、香菇、草豆菌、豌豆、玉米、大豆或小麦物种细胞。在一些方面,所述细胞是大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、镰刀菌、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母菌、乳酸克卢维菌、多脂耶氏菌、里氏毛霉、东方伊萨钦氏菌或黑曲霉细胞。
本文描述了含有热不稳定PsPCP的色素组合物,以及包括这种色素组合物的肉代用品。本文公开的色素组合物可用于为肉代用品提供与生的天然动物肉的颜色类似的颜色。此外,这些色素组合物在加热时改变颜色,并且可为整个肉代用品组合物提供总体颜色变化,这模拟了在天然动物肉上烹饪的效果。在一个方面,色素组合物为生的、未烹饪过的肉代用品提供粉红色和/或红色,其在烹饪肉代用品之后转变为棕色、白色、无色或者较浅的红色。
当被烹饪时,由于降解,色素组合物本身失去其粉红色或者红色,并且如果发生足够的降解,色素组合物可能变为无色。因此,烹饪过的肉代用品的棕色不一定是由于色素组合物变成棕色,而是由于色素组合物失去其淡红色。烹饪过的肉代用品中降解的色素组合物不再掩盖肉代用品的其他颜色,并且与肉代用品中的美拉德反应相关的棕色变得更明显。
当加热到通常用于烹饪肉的范围内的温度时,色素组合物的红色或粉红色实质上降低或者消除。当在80℃加热20分钟时,色素组合物从粉红色和/或红色变为较浅的粉红色/红色或变为基本上无色。该色素组合物可用于将肉代用品的颜色从粉红色和/或红色变为棕色和/或较浅的粉红色/红色,如通过将包括该色素组合物的肉代用品在80℃加热20分钟所表现的。
色素组合物样品颜色的变化可使用亨特色度计测量,并且报告为与加热之前的样品相比,加热后可见光吸光度的相对变化百分比。当热不稳定PsPCP、色素组合物或肉代用品在130℃下在热板上加热90秒时,L*a*b*比色法的a*值相对于加热之前的a*值降低。a*值可降低至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%或至少50%。同样,当热不稳定PsPCP、色素组合物或肉代用品在80℃加热20分钟时,496nm波长处的光的吸光度相对于加热之前的吸光度降低。496nm处的吸光度可降低至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%或至少50%。
本文所述的色素组合物包含热不稳定PsPCP。例如,色素组合物可包括具有与SEQID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的序列的多肽。色素组合物可包括包含热不稳定PsPCP的水性粉平菇提取物(例如,红平菇或鲑红侧耳的提取物)。色素组合物可包括粉平菇。
该色素组合物附加包括吲哚-3-酮,其浓度适于与PsPCP形成复合物,所述复合物具有约496nm的最大吸光度。吲哚-3-酮可以与PsPCP多肽以0.5:1至2:1的摩尔比包含在色素组合物中。吲哚-3-酮可以与PsPCP多肽以1:86至1:344之间的重量比包含在色素组合物中。在其中色素包括粉平菇提取物或粉平菇的方面中,预期PsPCP和吲哚-3-酮都以恰当的比率包括在色素中,因为提取物和粉平菇都具有如本文所证明的期望的粉红色。
色素组合物可以这样的水平包括在肉代用品中,该水平在肉代用品中提供增加的或者改善的粉红色和/或红色,同时还在烹饪后在肉代用品中提供增加的或者改善的棕色。在一个方面,基于湿重(总重),色素组合物以提供至少0.01%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、1.0%、1.25%或1.5%的PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的含量用于肉代用品组合物中。色素组合物可以使得PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物以按重量计0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%范围存在于肉代用品组合物中的含量用于肉代用品组合物中。
色素组合物可另外包括载体或稀释剂。可将PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物添加到用于生产肉代用品组合物的液体组合物,例如,液体盐水组合物中。PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物可以任何合适的浓度包含在液体(例如,液体盐水)组合物中,使得肉代用品组合物包含按所述肉代用品组合物的重量计介于0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%之间的PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。例如,PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物可以以按所述液体组合物的重量计介于0.1%和60%之间、介于0.5%和50%之间、介于1%和40%之间或介于2%和30%之间的浓度包含在所述液体组合物中。
色素组合物可以是冻干粉末,其是或包含PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。可以在形成肉代用品组合物之前将冻干粉末添加到液体组合物(例如,液体盐水组合物)中,或者可以将冻干粉末直接添加到肉代用品组合物中。将冻干粉末添加到液体组合物中以产生肉代用品或直接添加到肉代用品中,使得所得的肉代用品组合物中PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物按重量计占肉代用品组合物的0.01%至6%之间、0.05%至5%之间、0.1%至3%之间或0.5%至2%之间。
色素组合物还可以包括PsPCP多肽和吲哚-3-酮与另一种颜色或色素的共混物。例如,色素组合物可以包括PsPCP多肽和吲哚-3-酮与基于水果或蔬菜提取物的色素组合物。
本文所述的色素组合物可用作任何肉代用品组合物中的色素。一种示例性但非限制性的肉代用品组合物是包含以下组分的组合的组合物:植物蛋白(例如,织构化的豌豆蛋白和/或豌豆蛋白)、水、植物油、风味成分、盐、糖、粘合剂和本文所述的色素组合物。本文所述的色素组合物还可用于除肉代用品以外的食品应用中。
本文所述的肉代用品可包括一种或多种细胞,该细胞包含编码如本文所述的热不稳定PsPCP的外源多核苷酸。例如,肉代用品可包括如本文所述的真菌、植物或动物细胞,该细胞包含编码本文所述的热不稳定PsPCP多肽的外源多核苷酸。肉代用品还可包括如本文所述的真菌、植物细胞或动物细胞,其包含编码热不稳定PsPCP多肽的外源多核苷酸和编码用于产生吲哚-3-酮的一种或多种生物合成途径酶的一种或多种外源多核苷酸。
本文所述的肉代用品可包括非肉蛋白和包含粉平菇的色素组合物。粉平菇可以制备成适于包含在色素或肉代用品组合物中的形式,包括但不限于切碎、研磨、制成泥、压碎或干燥。肉代用品可包括非肉蛋白和粉平菇的水性提取物,包括但不限于红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。
本文还提供了一种用于增加肉代用品的红色的方法。增加肉代用品的红色的方法包括在烹饪肉代用品之前向该肉代用品中添加热不稳定结合吲哚-3-酮的PsPCP多肽,其中相对于没有热不稳定结合吲哚-3-酮的PsPCP多肽的肉代用品,该肉代用品的红色增加。该方法还可以包括将热不稳定结合吲哚-3-酮的PsPCP多肽添加到非肉蛋白中以形成相对于没有结合吲哚-3-酮的PsPCP多肽的非肉蛋白具有增加的红色的肉代用品。热不稳定结合吲哚-3-酮的PsPCP多肽可以是如本文所述的任何热不稳定PsPCP多肽。例如,待添加到肉代用品的热不稳定PsPCP多肽可包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的序列。
还提供了一种用于降低烹饪过的肉代用品中的红色的方法。降低烹饪过的肉代用品中红色的方法包括烹饪包含非肉蛋白和热不稳定结合吲哚-3-酮的PsPCP多肽的肉代用品,由此烹饪过的肉代用品的红色相对于烹饪之前的肉代用品降低。热不稳定结合吲哚-3-酮的PsPCP多肽可以是如本文所述的任何热不稳定PsPCP多肽。例如,待添加到肉代用品的热不稳定PsPCP多肽可包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或至少98%相同的序列。
实施例
通过参考以下实验性实施例进一步详细描述本发明。除非另有说明,提供这些实施例仅用于说明目的,并不旨在进行限制。因此,本发明决不应被解释为限于以下实施例,而是应被解释为涵盖由于本文提供的教导而变得明显的任何和所有变化。
实施例1:粉平菇提取物
粉平菇(红平菇)购自R&R Cultivation。如下制备粉平菇的水性提取物:切碎蘑菇帽和茎,向切碎的蘑菇中添加水,并在4℃温育过夜以提取粉红色色素。还尝试使用乙醇提取色素,然而向切碎的蘑菇中添加乙醇导致脱色。用水性提取进行另外实验。
浸泡在水中的切碎粉平菇的热稳定性通过在130℃的电热板上加热提取物1分钟来观察。如图2所示,在加热之前,切碎的蘑菇呈粉红色(右),但在加热之后,粉红色消失(左)。
实施例2:水性粉平菇提取物
粉平菇(红平菇)购自R&R Cultivation。如下制备粉平菇的水性提取物:切碎蘑菇帽和茎,向切碎的蘑菇中添加水,并使用研钵和研杵将悬浮液制成泥。将泥离心,并且收集粉红色上清液。(图3)
通过在130℃的热板上加热提取物来观察水性提取物的热稳定性。将粉红色上清液加热20秒后,粉红色消失。再过20秒后,发生蛋白质凝结,并且观察到沉淀。还通过在130℃热板上加热2分钟来测试泥的热稳定性。在加热50秒后观察到泥中粉红色损失。(图4)对泥进行离心后剩余的糊状物也是轻微粉红色的(未示出),表明粉红色色素组分的提取不完全。
加热(130℃热板,2分钟)之前和之后的成泥的粉平菇提取物的亨特比色法数据记录在表2和图5中。
表2:
L* | a* | b* | L* | C* | h | |
粉平菇泥原料 | 42.57 | 18.94 | 17.48 | 42.57 | 25.77 | 42.7 |
烹饪过的粉平菇泥 | 53 | 8.15 | 22.19 | 53 | 23.64 | 69.83 |
使用Spectramax读板仪测量水性提取物上清液的吸收光谱。首先离心加热的样品以移除任何沉淀。加热前(“G11”)和加热后(“H11”)测得的吸收光谱记录在图6A和图6B中。
通过使用3kDa截留分子量滤器将4ml(约1.54mg/ml)水性提取物上清液浓缩至0.5ml来制备水性粉平菇提取物的8倍浓缩物。使用Pierce 600试剂针对BSA标准测定上清液中的蛋白质浓度。8倍浓缩物比初始上清液具有更突出的红色(图7),并且滤液为黄色。8倍浓缩物的吸收光谱证实了440nm-540nm的特征吸收峰,这是粉红色或红色显色蛋白预期的(图8),最大吸收为约490nm。
实施例3:粉平菇泥比色法
收集生牛肉(85/15)和包括浓缩的粉平菇提取物和豌豆蛋白的肉代用品组合物的亨特比色法数据。同样,在130℃的热板上烹饪1分钟后,收集每一样品牛肉(85/15)和肉代用品的比色法数据。数据记录在表3中。如图9A所示,生粉平菇泥的色调接近于生牛肉的色调。当烹饪过时,粉平菇泥变淡(较高的L*值),并且牛肉变深褐色(降低的L*值)(图9B)。
表3:
实施例4:粉平菇提取物中的颜色来源
使用研钵和研杵将6g冷冻的(约80℃)粉平菇制成泥,并添加约10mL水。将泥涡旋并在4℃下储存过夜。然后将泥离心,并收集上清液(级分A)。剩余的颗粒仍然是粉红色的(基于用人眼观察)并且进行两次附加的水提取,从每次收集物收集上清液作为级分B(第二次提取)和C(第三次提取)。将各级分储存在4℃下。通过100,000截留分子量(“MWCO”)滤器过滤浓缩级分A的分离部分以形成级分D和E,并通过50,000MWCO滤器过滤以形成级分G和H。收集来自每次过滤的滤液和渗余物级分两者(级分E至F和G至H)。浓缩后,还从100,000MWCO滤器的洗液中收集级分(F)。级分A至H总结于表4中。图10示出对于级分A至H的每个收集的吸收光谱。
表4:
为了确定粉平菇的有色组分是否是蛋白质,对级分A和E进行胰蛋白酶消化。胰蛋白酶是特异性裂解赖氨酸和精氨酸残基的C-末端处的肽键的蛋白酶。在表5中列出的条件下,在室温下加入样品6小时。有和没有胰蛋白酶消化的级分A和级分E的照片示于图12中,并且吸收光谱示于图11中。未消化和消化样品之间吸光度的变化示于图13中。粉平菇的有色组分是蛋白质,因为在胰蛋白酶消化时粉红色和在440nm和540nm之间的吸收峰均降低。
表5:
样品(室温下反应6小时) | 孔 |
Frac A 100uL+10uL胰蛋白酶Lys-C | G5 |
Frac A 100uL+10uL水 | G6 |
Frac E(1:2稀释于50mM HEPES中)100uL+10uL胰蛋白酶Lys-C | G7 |
Frac E(1:2稀释于50mM HEPES中)100μL+10μL水 | G8 |
为了确定粉平菇的有色组分是否需要金属离子,对级分A进行乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)处理。EDTA是一种金属螯合剂并且从蛋白质剥离金属离子。将样品在表6列出的条件下温育过夜。有和没有EDTA处理的级分A的照片示于图14中,并且包括单独EDTA样品用于比较。吸收光谱示于图15中。EDTA处理和未处理样品之间吸光度的变化示于图16中。EDTA处理没有降低粉红色外观或在440和540之间的吸收峰,因此可能在粉平菇提取物中的蛋白质的粉红色不需要金属离子。
表6:
样品(室温下过夜处理) | 孔 |
级分A+水 | H10 |
Frac A+EDTA(90mM最终浓度) | H11 |
50mM EDTA水溶液 | H12 |
使用天然(非变性)凝胶电泳来分离有色蛋白质用于蛋白质组分析。图17A示出未染色的天然凝胶,其中在泳道5和泳道6中可见浅粉色带。图17B示出染色的天然凝胶,其中在泳道15和泳道16中可见对应于有色蛋白质的带。凝胶的泳道中的每个的内容物概述于表7中。分离来自泳道5、6、15和16的对应于粉红色蛋白质的带用于蛋白质组分析。
表7:天然凝胶电泳
实施例5:蛋白质组学
切除来自实施例4中运行的天然凝胶电泳的泳道5、6、15和15的带(图17A和图17B),并制备用于经由液相色谱/质谱(LC/MS)的蛋白质组学分析。切除后,用ThermoScientific In-gel Tryptic Digestion Kit(目录#89871)对蛋白质条带进行自下而上的蛋白质组学分析。试剂盒包括用于从凝胶中提取蛋白质、变性、烷基化和胰蛋白酶消化的材料。使用Thermo Vanquish自动进样器将胰蛋白酶消化的样品注射到高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱(Acclaim Vanquish C18柱,250x2.1,2.2um部件#0748125-V)上。将HPLC柱与设定为120,000分辨率的MIPS(单同位素前体选择)肽模式的Thermo Fusion Lumos质谱仪耦接。经由Thermo Proteome Discoverer软件进行数据分析。
基于先前对吲哚部分结合蛋白的经验,进行了文献检索以证明类似的粉红色显色蛋白。该研究鉴定了Fukuta等人的工作(“Gene cloning of the pineurotus coloredprotein from Pleurotus fruit(PsPCP)and its species-specific chromoproteineffects for colorization of the fruit body”,Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 83:1354-1361(2019)),其鉴定了来自鲑红侧耳的粉红色显色蛋白(PsPCP)。将从切除的凝胶条带收集的LC/MS肽与Fukuta报道的PsPCP的氨基酸序列进行比较,并且鉴定出大于90%的序列匹配。虽然Fukuta报道了PsPCP,但这被认为是红平菇中PCP的首次鉴定。
实施例6:重组PsPCP表达
来自粉平菇鲑红侧耳的粉红色显色蛋白(PsPCP)包含SEQ ID NO:1的多肽(Fukuta等人,Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 83:1354-1361(2019))和鉴定为吲哚酮的相关色素(3H-吲哚-3-酮,Takekuma等人,J Am ChemSoc 116:8849-8850(1994))。该多肽本身是无色的,而吲哚-3-酮本身是黄色的(最大吸收在456nm处)。然而,吲哚-3-酮在与PSP多肽结合时经历红向频移(bathochromic shift)。正如从蘑菇中提取,多肽-吲哚酮复合物为粉红色/红色,其最大吸收在496nm处。
获得编码His6标记的PsPCP多肽的合成基因(GENEWIZ,NJ,USA),并使用T7启动子/聚合酶系统在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达。His6标签的序列是MGSSHHHHHHSSGLVPRGSH(SEQID NO:4)。PsPCP占溶解物中可溶性蛋白质的22%,并且使用NiNTA(HisPurTM,ThermoFisherScientific,Waltham,MA)分批色谱法容易地纯化。使用Ni-NTA亲和结合纯化表达的蛋白质,并观察到其是无色的。(图18)
使用丙酮从粗提取物中的粉平菇中提取产生有色复合物所需的小分子吲哚-3-酮。当与无色纯化PsPCP混合时,该提取物产生粉红色色素,并且观察到的吸收光谱类似于粗粉平菇提取物。(图19)
使用以下步骤进行含有吲哚-3-酮分子的小分子级分的丙酮提取:
1.将粉平菇粉碎并提取水溶性级分(POMex)
2.使用截留分子量为100kDa的过滤器浓缩水溶性提取物
3.向渗余物中添加丙酮至最终浓度为60%
4.在4℃下温育丙酮渗余物混合物30分钟
5.以14,000g离心以使沉淀成小球
6.收集含有包括小分子(例如,吲哚-3-酮)的丙酮级分的上清液
7.在氮气下干燥丙酮级分以产生含有吲哚-3-酮的小分子粉末
实施例7:PsPCP和吲哚-3-酮的重组表达
产生吲哚-3-酮同时表达PsPCP基因的重组宿主细胞将直接产生粉红色/红色复合物。本发明的用于产生吲哚-3-酮的代谢途径示于图20中。提出吲哚-3-酮的直接前体是吲哚酚(3-羟基-吲哚)。吲哚酚向吲哚-3-酮的转化可以通过脱氢酶或还原酶酶促进行。本领域已知有许多脱氢酶和还原酶,筛选针对所述酶活性的基因的方法是众所周知的。一种此类脱氢酶是来自耐辐射奇异球菌(Deinococcus geothermalis)的多元醇脱氢酶PDH-11300(SEQ ID NO:2,GenBank ABA78522)(Wulf等人,Enz Microbiology 51:217(2012)),其已经显示具有广泛的底物特异性。另选地,编码特定脱氢酶或还原酶的基因可以通过公知的基因克隆方法从粉平菇的基因组中分离。
SEQ ID NO:2
MDYRTVFRLDGACAAVTGAGSGIGLEICRAFAASGARLILIDREGAALDRAAEELGAAVASRIVADVTDAEAMTAAAAAAEAVAPVSILVNSAGIARLHDALETDDATWRQVMAVNVDGMFWASRAFGRAMVARGAGAIVNLGSMSGTIVNRPQFASSYMASKGAVHQLTRALAAEWAGRGVRVNALAPGYVATEMTLKMRERPELFGTWLDMTPMGRCGEPSEIAAAALFLASPAASYVTGAILAVDGGYTVW
吲哚酚是由吲哚产生,作为由多种类型的酶催化的反应的产物,所述酶包括萘二加氧酶、多组分酚羟化酶、细胞色素P450单加氧酶、过加氧酶和黄素依赖性单加氧酶如吲哚单加氧酶(Fabara和Fraaije,Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104:925-933(2020))。已经广泛地研究了产生吲哚酚的途径,因为吲哚酚也是靛蓝(一种天然蓝色染料)的前体。已经发现,来自卡特利链霉菌的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶(SEQ ID NO:3,GenBankCCB77526)的表达足以产生靛蓝(Kim等人,Dyes and Pigments 140:29-35(2017)),这意味着它产生吲哚酚前体。
SEQ ID NO:3
MSPTPHSASGTTGAAAATPGAASPAPPVPVADISDTGFGTTPIQQAMALAREHGPVFRRRFGTFESLLVGSVDAVTELCDDERFVKAVGPVLTNVRQIAGDGLFTAYNDEPNWAKAHDILLPAFALSSMHTYHPTMLRVAKRLIAAWDTALADGAPVDVADDMTRMTLDTIGLAGFGYDFGSFRRGEPHPFVAAMVRGLLHSQALLSRKADDGVDHSAADEAFRADNAYLAQVVDEVIEARRASGETGTDDLLGLMLGAPHPSDGTPLDAANIRNQVITFLIAGHETTSGALSFALYYLAKNPAVLRRAQAEVDALWGDDPDPEPDYTDVGRLTYVRQVLNEALRLWPTAAAFGRQAVTDTVLDGRVPMRAGDTALVLTPVLHRDPVWGDNVEAFDPERFSPEREAARPVHAFKPFGTGERACIGRQFALHEAVMLLGMLIHRYRFLDHADYRLRVRETLTLKPDGFTLKLARRTSADRVRTVASRAAEGTAGQDAGLPTTARPGTTLTVLHGSNLGACREFAAGLADLGERCGFETTVAPLDAYRAGDLPRTSPVVVVAASYNGRPTDDAAGFVSWLEQAGPGAADGVRYAVLGVGDRNWAATYQKVPTLIDERLAECGATRLLERAAADAAGDLAGTVRGFGEALRRALLAEYGDPDSVGAVAGAEDGYEVTEVTGGPLDALAARHEVVAMTVTETGDLADLTHPLGRSKRFVRLALPDGATYRTGDHLAVLPANDPALVERAARLLGADPDTVLGVRARRPGRGTLPVDRPVTVRELLTYHLELSDPATAAQIAVLADRNPCPPEQAELKKLAPGRASVLDLVERYPALTGRLDWPTVLGTLLPQIRIRHYSVSSSPAVSPGHVDLMVSLLEADGRRGTGSGHLHRVRPGDVVYARVAPCREAFRIAAGDEVPVVMVAAGTGLAPFRGAVADRVALRSAGRELAPALLYFGCDHPEVDFLHAAELRGAEAAGAVSLRPAFSAAPDGDVRFVQHRIAAEADEVWSLLKGGARVYVCGDGSRMAPGVREAFTALYASRTGATAEQAAGWLADLVARGRYVEDVYAAG
吲哚是通过莽草酸-邻氨基苯甲酸途径生成色氨酸和经由色氨酸通过色氨酸酶代谢生成的常见中间体。可通过使用携带由对色氨酸反馈抑制不敏感的aroH基因编码的3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯-庚酮糖酸7-磷酸(DAHP)合酶的细胞来实现增加吲哚产生。合适的色氨酸反馈不敏感的DAHP合酶是已知的并且在本领域中有所描述。合适的色氨酸反馈不敏感的DAHP酶是已知的并且在本领域中有所描述。例如,参见Niu等人(Niu,H等人,Metabolicengineering for improving L-tryptophan production in Escherichia coli.JIndust Microbiol Biotechnol 46:55-65(2019))和Ger等人(Ger等人,A single Ser-180mutation desensitizes feedback inhibition of the phenylalanine-sensitive3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonae-7-phosphate(DAHP)synthase in Escherichicoli.JBiochem 116:989-990(1994))。
预期具有以下遗传修饰的重组宿主细胞的构造将从葡萄糖生成吲哚-3-酮并表达PsPCP多肽,使得重组宿主细胞将生成粉红色/红色PsPCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物:(i)引入编码如本文所述的粉红色显色蛋白(PsPCP)的外源多核苷酸;(ii)用编码反馈不敏感的DAHP合酶的多核苷酸替换天然aroH DAHP合酶基因;(iii)去阻遏或过表达包含色氨酸生物合成途径的基因;(iv)引入编码来自卡特利链霉菌(Streptomyces cattleya)的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;以及(v)引入编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸。
预期具有以下遗传修饰的重组宿主细胞的构造将从吲哚或色氨酸产生吲哚-3-酮并表达PsPCP多肽,使得重组宿主细胞将产生粉红色/红色PsPCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物:(i)引入编码如本文所述的粉红色显色蛋白(PsPCP)的外源多核苷酸;(ii)引入编码色氨酸酶的外源多核苷酸;(iii)引入编码来自卡特利链霉菌(Streptomyces cattleya)的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;以及(iv)引入编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸。
序列表
<110> 嘉吉公司
<120> 用于肉代用品组合物的色素
<130> PT-1048-WO-PCT
<150> US 63/176,575
<151> 2021-04-19
<160> 4
<170> PatentIn 3.5版
<210> 1
<211> 226
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<213> 鲑红侧耳
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<223> 合成纯化标签
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Claims (59)
1.一种用于肉代用品的色素组合物,所述色素组合物包含:
粉平菇提取物,所述粉平菇提取物的量有效增加肉代用品的红色或粉红色。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述粉平菇提取物是红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。
3.一种用于肉代用品的色素组合物,所述色素组合物包含:
粉红色显色蛋白(PCP),所述粉红色显色蛋白的量有效地增加肉代用品的红色。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述PCP具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度,并且来自平菇物种。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的组合物,其中所述PCP来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。
6.根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物还包含与所述PCP的摩尔比在0.5:1至2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮。
7.根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述PCP包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。
8.根据任一项前述权利要求所述的组合物,其中当在130℃下加热2分钟时,所述组合物的红色降低。
9.根据任一项前述权利要求所述的组合物,其中当在130℃下加热2分钟时,所述色素组合物的L*a*b*比色法的a*值降低至少5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%。
10.根据任一项前述权利要求所述的组合物,其中当所述色素在130℃下加热2分钟时,496nm波长处的光的吸光度相对于加热之前的吸光度降低。
11.一种肉代用品,所述肉代用品包含:
非肉蛋白,和
色素组合物,所述色素组合物包含粉平菇提取物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的肉代用品,其中所述色素组合物包含红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。
13.一种肉代用品,所述肉代用品包含:
非肉蛋白,和
粉平菇。
14.根据权利要求13所述的肉代用品,其中所述粉平菇为切碎、研磨、制成泥、压碎或干燥的粉平菇。
15.一种肉代用品,所述肉代用品包含:
非肉蛋白,和
色素组合物,所述色素组合物包含PCP。
16.根据权利要求15所述的肉代用品,其中所述PCP具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度,并且来自平菇物种。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的肉代用品,其中所述PCP来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。
18.根据权利要求15至17中任一项所述的肉代用品,其中所述组合物还包含与所述PCP的摩尔比在0.5:1至2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮。
19.根据权利要求15至18中任一项所述的肉代用品,其中所述PCP包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。
20.根据权利要求11至19中任一项所述的肉代用品,其中所述非肉蛋白是选自由豌豆蛋白、大豆蛋白、玉米蛋白和小麦蛋白组成的组的基于植物的蛋白质。
21.根据权利要求11至19中任一项所述的肉代用品,其中所述非肉蛋白是真菌衍生的真菌蛋白。
22.根据权利要求11至19中任一项所述的肉代用品,其中所述肉代用品包含按重量计0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%的吲哚-3-酮结合的PCP。
23.根据权利要求11至22中任一项所述的肉代用品,其中所述肉代用品的红色在烹饪后降低。
24.根据权利要求11至23中任一项所述的肉代用品,其中当在130℃下加热2分钟时,所述肉代用品的L*a*b*比色法的a*值降低至少5%、
10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%。
25.一种用于增加肉代用品的红色的方法,所述方法包括:
将粉平菇提取物添加到包含非肉蛋白的肉代用品中。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述粉平菇提取物是红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。
27.一种用于增加肉代用品的红色的方法,所述方法包括:
将粉平菇添加到包含非肉蛋白的肉代用品中。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述粉平菇为切碎、研磨、制成泥、压碎或干燥的粉平菇。
29.一种用于增加肉代用品的红色的方法,所述方法包括:
将PCP添加到包含非肉蛋白的肉代用品中。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述PCP具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度,并且来自平菇物种。
31.根据权利要求29或30所述的方法,其中所述PCP来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。
32.根据权利要求29至31中任一项所述的方法,其中所述PCP作为包含所述PCP和吲哚-3-酮的色素组合物的一部分添加。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述色素组合物包含摩尔比在0.5:1和2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮和PCP。
34.根据权利要求29至33中任一项所述的方法,其中所述PCP包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。
35.一种用于降低烹饪过的肉代用品的红色的方法,所述方法包括:
烹饪包含粉平菇提取物和非肉蛋白的肉代用品,由此所述烹饪过的肉代用品的红色相对于烹饪之前的所述肉代用品的红色降低。
36.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述粉平菇提取物是红平菇或鲑红侧耳的水性提取物。
37.一种用于降低烹饪过的肉代用品的红色的方法,所述方法包括:
烹饪包含粉平菇和非肉蛋白的肉代用品,由此所述烹饪过的肉代用品的红色相对于烹饪之前的所述肉代用品的红色降低。
38.根据权利要求37所述的方法,其中所述粉平菇为切碎、研磨、制成泥、压碎或干燥的粉平菇。
39.一种用于降低烹饪过的肉代用品的红色的方法,所述方法包括:
烹饪包含PCP和非肉蛋白的肉代用品,由此所述烹饪过的肉代用品的红色相对于烹饪之前的所述肉代用品的红色降低。
40.根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述PCP具有在450nm和600nm之间的最大吸光度,并且来自平菇物种。
41.根据权利要求39或40所述的方法,其中所述PCP来自红平菇或鲑红侧耳。
42.根据权利要求39至41中任一项所述的方法,其中所述肉代用品包含色素组合物,所述色素组合物包含摩尔比在0.5:1和2:1之间的吲哚-3-酮和PCP。
43.根据权利要求39至42中任一项所述的方法,其中所述PCP包含与SEQ ID NO:1至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少98%或至少99%相同的序列。
44.根据权利要求35至43中任一项所述的方法,其中当在130℃下加热2分钟时,所述肉代用品的L*a*b*比色法的a*值降低至少5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%。
45.根据权利要求25至44中任一项所述的方法,其中所述非肉蛋白是或包含选自由豌豆蛋白、大豆蛋白、玉米蛋白和小麦蛋白组成的组的基于植物的蛋白质。
46.根据权利要求25至44中任一项所述的方法,其中所述非肉蛋白是或包含真菌衍生的真菌蛋白。
47.根据权利要求25至46中任一项所述的方法,其中所述肉代用品包含按重量计0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%的吲哚-3-酮结合的PCP。
48.一种能够产生吲哚-3-酮和粉红色显色蛋白的重组宿主细胞,所述细胞包含:
(i)编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%相同的多肽的外源核酸序列;
(ii)编码色氨酸反馈不敏感的DAHP合酶的多核苷酸;
(iii)编码来自卡特利链霉菌的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;和
(iv)编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸,
其中一个或多个色氨酸生物合成基因在所述重组宿主细胞中过表达并且所述重组宿主细胞产生PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。
49.根据权利要求48所述的重组宿主细胞,其中所述PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物具有约496nm的最大吸光度。
50.根据权利要求48或49所述的重组宿主细胞,其中所述重组宿主细胞包含天然DAHP合酶基因的缺失或破坏。
51.一种能够产生吲哚-3-酮和粉红色显色蛋白的重组宿主细胞,所述细胞包含:
(i)编码与SEQ ID NO:1至少80%相同的多肽的外源核酸序列;
(ii)编码色氨酸酶的外源多核苷酸;
(iii)编码来自卡特利链霉菌的CYP102A细胞色素P450单加氧酶的外源多核苷酸;和
(iv)编码吲哚酚脱氢酶或还原酶的外源多核苷酸,
其中所述重组宿主细胞产生PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。
52.根据权利要求51所述的重组宿主细胞,其中所述PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物具有约496nm的最大吸光度。
53.根据权利要求48至52中任一项所述的重组宿主细胞,其中所述宿主细胞是大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、镰刀菌、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母菌、乳酸克卢维菌、多脂耶氏菌、里氏毛霉、东方伊萨钦氏菌、黑曲霉、双孢蘑菇、香菇、草豆菌、豌豆、玉米、大豆或小麦物种细胞。
54.根据权利要求48至53中任一项所述的重组宿主细胞,其中所述宿主细胞是大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、镰刀菌、毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母菌、乳酸克卢维菌、多脂耶氏菌、里氏毛霉、东方伊萨钦氏菌或黑曲霉细胞。
55.一种肉代用品,所述肉代用品包含非肉蛋白和根据权利要求48至54中任一项所述的重组细胞。
56.一种用于制备具有增加的红色的肉代用品的方法,所述方法包括:
将非肉蛋白和由根据权利要求48至54中任一项所述的重组宿主细胞产生的PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物组合,以形成与在没有所述PCP的情况下制备的肉代用品相比具有增加的红色的肉代用品。
57.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中所述非肉蛋白与根据权利要求48至54中任一项所述的包含所述PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的重组宿主细胞组合。
58.根据权利要求56所述的方法,所述方法还包括在与非肉蛋白组合之前从所述重组宿主细胞分离所述PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物的步骤。
59.根据权利要求56至58中任一项所述的方法,其中所述肉代用品包含按重量计0.01%至6%、0.05%至5%、0.1%至3%或0.5%至2%的所述PCP-吲哚-3-酮复合物。
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