CN117189063A - Fracturing transformation method for coalbed methane ground well without addition of propping agent - Google Patents
Fracturing transformation method for coalbed methane ground well without addition of propping agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN117189063A CN117189063A CN202311307495.8A CN202311307495A CN117189063A CN 117189063 A CN117189063 A CN 117189063A CN 202311307495 A CN202311307495 A CN 202311307495A CN 117189063 A CN117189063 A CN 117189063A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 18
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fracturing modification method of a coalbed methane ground well without an additive, which comprises the following steps of S1: pumping a pad fluid into the reservoir to form a crack in the reservoir; s2: pumping a fracturing fluid into the cracks to enable the cracks to continue to extend, controlling pumping pressure of the fracturing fluid, enabling the fracturing fluid to flow through coal walls of the cracks to form coal particles, and enabling the fracturing fluid to be free of propping agents. The invention is mainly suitable for fracturing exploitation of coal bed gas ground wells, after coal beds are drilled, high-pressure fracturing fluid without propping agent is pumped in through a fracturing technology, pressure is transmitted into the stratum, the stratum is broken to form cracks, and meanwhile, coal particles play a self-supporting role, so that normal crack diversion capability can be maintained, and permeability damage of a reservoir is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unconventional natural gas exploitation, in particular to a coalbed methane exploitation technology.
Background
Coalbed methane is an associated mineral resource of coal, and the main component is methane, belonging to the non-conventional natural gas major class. The coalbed methane has abundant resource quantity, but the characteristics of the coalbed methane in-storage geological conditions and the properties of a coal reservoir cause poor exploration and development effects and low resource utilization rate. Particularly, the exploitation difficulty of low-permeability and low-strength coalbed methane is high.
The coal bed is different from the conventional oil gas reservoir and shale oil gas reservoir, has low mechanical strength, and has the characteristics of poor cementing property, fragility, easy collapse and the like; compared with carbonate rock and sandstone, the Poisson ratio of coal and rock is large, the elastic modulus is small, and the mechanical strength is low. Therefore, under the action of structural stress, the coal reservoir structure is extremely easy to break, the breaking degree is more serious, and the generated fine particle components are more relative to the high-strength rock mass, so that the subsequent fracturing process is difficult to form effectively-extended supporting cracks.
Hydraulic fracturing is a conventional method for exploiting a coal-bed gas well, but for conventional fracturing exploitation, if propping agents are embedded into secondary cracks of fracturing, secondary migration channels are blocked, fracturing exploitation effects are weakened, and reservoir damage is caused.
As shown in fig. 1, a conventional fracturing technology is implemented on a coal bed, coal dust is generated under the action of a certain structural stress, and small-particle-size particle gaps such as propping agents are blocked; in addition, propping agent and coal dust are embedded in the secondary cracks, so that a secondary migration channel of the coal bed gas is blocked. Therefore, aiming at the conventional fracturing technology, if coal beds are severely crushed to generate coal dust, gaps among small particles such as propping agents are blocked, so that permeability and crack flow conductivity are reduced, and an unsatisfactory exploitation effect is caused; if a large amount of coal powder falls into the secondary cracks embedded with the propping agent, the fluid loss is increased, so that the fracturing fluid invades farther into the stratum, and the fracturing efficiency is reduced; subsequent recovery processes will also plug secondary fracture voids, reduce production, and cause formation permeability damage.
In addition, as the coal bed methane exploitation depth increases, the deep coal bed has higher ground stress and lower permeability than the shallow coal bed, and the permeability injury of the reservoir is more easily caused in the process of exploiting the coal bed gas well by adopting the conventional propping agent fracturing technology, so that the yield of the coal bed gas well is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fracturing transformation method for a coalbed methane ground well without an additive, which aims to solve the problems that the prior art is easy to cause permeability injury of a reservoir and limit the yield of the coalbed methane well.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fracturing method of a coal bed methane ground well,
s1: pumping a pad fluid into the reservoir to form a crack in the reservoir;
s2: pumping a fracturing fluid into the fracture to continue the fracture, and controlling the pumping pressure of the fracturing fluid so that after the fracturing fluid flows through the coal wall of the fracture, coal particles are formed in the fracture, wherein the fracturing fluid is free of propping agent.
According to the technical means, after the fracture is made, the fracturing fluid without the propping agent is pumped into the fracture, the fracture of the fracturing fluid flushes the coal wall, the impact force of the fracturing fluid impacts the coal wall to form the coal particles into the fracture, the broken coal particles carry out self-supporting on the fracture and act as propping agent, even if part of the coal particles further form micron-sized coal powder under the action of pressure in the drainage and mining process, the coal powder is insufficient to completely block gaps among the coal particles, and meanwhile, the generated coal powder is easier to transport and output, so that normal fracture diversion capacity can be maintained, and permeability damage of a reservoir is avoided. Meanwhile, the surface roughness of the coal wall surface is increased, the crack cracking width is increased, the effective arrangement of particles is promoted, the permeability of the coal bed is improved, the blocking degree of gaps is lightened, and the diversion capacity of a reservoir is enhanced.
Even under the action of ground stress, coal particles are not completely crushed into coal dust, the coal particle structure is the largest, the coal particles are enough to act as propping agents in conventional fracturing of coal beds, the larger crack width is ensured, the migration space is provided, and the crack diversion capacity is improved.
Further, the fracturing fluid is an active water fracturing fluid or a gel fracturing fluid, which are two most commonly used fracturing fluid systems.
Further, after S2, the method further includes:
s3: and pumping in a displacement fluid, wherein the pumping-in pressure of the displacement fluid is equal to that of the fracturing fluid, and the dosage of the displacement fluid is not less than the volume of a shaft, so that the fracturing fluid in the shaft can be displaced into a stratum, and the flowback of coal particles is prevented.
Further, the reservoir is a coal seam having a solidity coefficient greater than 0.5.
Further, before the step S1, the method further includes:
s0: after drilling operation is carried out on a coal reservoir, installing a facility for fracturing, starting a fracturing device and a water circulation fracturing pipeline to check the equipment performance of a fracturing truck set, and ensuring that a ground flow pipeline is unblocked; smoothly starting a high-pressure pump of the fracturing device, and carrying out a pressure bearing performance test on a wellhead valve and a ground fracturing pipeline; and starting the fracturing device to count fracturing fluid into the stratum according to the design displacement, enabling the pressure to be directly stable from low to high, and checking the condition of underground equipment.
Further, in the step S2, when the fracturing fluid is pumped, the injection pressure of the ground fracturing fluid pump is raised to be increased to the bottom hole pressure required by the design, and the bottom hole pressure is increased by the same magnitude as the pressure of the pumped fracturing fluid.
Further, in S2, pumping is not stopped until all the fracturing fluid is pumped.
Further, after S3, the method further includes:
s4: and after the fracturing construction is finished, closing the inlet valve and the outlet valve, and subsequently carrying out fracturing fluid flowback.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is mainly suitable for fracturing exploitation of the ground well of the coal bed gas, and after the coal bed is drilled, high-pressure fracturing fluid without propping agent is pumped in through a fracturing technology, and pressure is transferred into the stratum, so that the stratum is broken to form cracks;
the fracturing fluid is pumped into the conventional active water fracturing fluid or conventional gel fracturing fluid and the like, the fracturing fluid is used for flushing the coal wall, increasing the surface roughness of cracks and generating broken coal particles, and the fracturing cracks are self-supported to increase the cracking width of the cracks;
according to the invention, the fracturing fluid is used for fracturing without the artificial propping agent, and the fracturing fluid is used for flushing without the propping agent and is broken to form coal particles with larger particle sizes under the action of stress, so that the coal particle structure can serve as the propping agent in the conventional fracturing technology and play a role. Even if part of coal particles further form micron-sized coal powder under the action of pressure in the drainage process, the coal powder is insufficient to completely block gaps among the coal particles, and meanwhile, the generated coal powder is easier to transport and output, so that the normal crack flow conductivity can be maintained, and the permeability injury of a reservoir is avoided;
the invention promotes the effective arrangement of particles, increases the opening of cracks, improves the permeability of the coal bed, lightens the blocking degree of gaps and strengthens the diversion capacity of a reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of hydraulic fracture propping under conventional fracturing in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a fracturing process without proppant;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of hydraulic fracture propping under different stress conditions without proppant fracturing.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, by referring to the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are presented by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
The embodiment provides a fracturing modification method for a coalbed methane ground well without an additive, as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following steps:
s0: after drilling operation is carried out on a coal reservoir, preparing materials such as fracturing fluid, propping agent and the like before fracturing, and installing related equipment such as a pump truck, a blowout preventer and the like; starting a fracturing device, and circulating water to fracture a pipeline to check the equipment performance of the fracturing truck set, so as to ensure that a ground flow pipeline is unblocked; smoothly starting a high-pressure pump of the fracturing device, and carrying out pressure bearing performance test on equipment such as a wellhead valve and a ground fracturing pipeline;
and starting the fracturing device according to the regulation, metering fracturing fluid into the stratum according to the design displacement, directly stabilizing the pressure from low to high, and checking the condition of underground equipment.
S1: after the test extrusion is normal, the fracturing device is started, and the high-pressure large-displacement continuous pumping of the pad fluid into the well is carried out, so that cracks are formed and the pad fluid extends forwards. In this embodiment, a head fluid is used to create a joint.
S2: after the pumping pressure and the discharge capacity are stable, pumping fracturing fluid without propping agent, and impacting the coal wall of the crack to form coal particles (excluding coal powder, wherein the coal powder is in a micron level) with the particle size of millimeter-centimeter, wherein the coal particles can act as artificial propping agent, so that the crack continues to extend, the pressure is required to be ensured, the discharge capacity is stable, and the pump is forbidden to stop halfway. The coal particles are primarily broken coal of millimeter-centimeter size, excluding micron sized coal fines, which typically form voids with each other that are larger than the proppant size in conventional fracturing.
In the step, compared with other rock strata, the coal has the characteristics of large Poisson's ratio, small elastic modulus, low mechanical strength, poor cementing property, fragility, easy collapse and the like, so after the fracturing fluid is pumped, the high-pressure fluid impacts the coal rock strata, the rock strata can slide in a friction manner, and the coal strata blocks of the rock strata are dropped by impact friction and are further crushed under the condition of high stress.
In the embodiment, the coal reservoir is crushed under the coupling effect of the fracturing fluid and the crushed coal wall to mainly generate coal particles, and coal dust with a small particle size is not generated. By adjusting the pumping pressure of the fracturing fluid, coal particles are formed after the fracturing fluid impacts the coal wall of the fracture. The reservoir is mainly a coal bed with the firmness coefficient (f value) larger than 0.5, such as primary structural coal, broken coal and the like, and the coal bed has a good seam making effect through hydraulic fracturing. As shown in fig. 3, hydraulic fracturing operation without propping agent is implemented on the coal bed methane ground well, conventional active water fracturing fluid or conventional gel fracturing fluid with certain pressure and without propping agent is pumped in to generate large-particle-size coal blocks, and coal particles and coal dust are further generated under certain stress conditions, and the coal dust cannot cause blocking of gaps because the particle size of the coal particles is much larger than that of the propping agent. At the moment, the coal particles can serve as propping agents in the conventional fracturing technology and play a role in guaranteeing a larger cracking width of the fracture, providing space for fluid migration, greatly improving the diversion capability of the fracture and reducing the permeability damage of the reservoir.
In the embodiment, the fracturing is carried out by adopting the non-artificial propping agent, the coal particles with larger particle sizes are formed by crushing under the scouring and ground stress effects of the fracturing fluid without the propping agent, and the coal particle structure can serve as the propping agent in the conventional fracturing technology and play a role. Even if part of coal particles further form micron-sized coal powder under the action of pressure in the drainage process, the coal powder is insufficient to completely block gaps among the coal particles, and meanwhile, the generated coal powder is easier to transport and output, so that the normal crack flow conductivity can be maintained, and the permeability injury of a reservoir is avoided.
Pumping a pre-fluid and the like into a reservoir by a pre-process to form a certain crack, wherein the surface of the crack is rough and uneven; compared with other rock layers, the coal-rock poisson ratio is large, the elastic modulus is small, the mechanical strength is low, and the coal-rock poisson ratio has the characteristics of poor cementing property, fragility, easy collapse and the like, so after the high-pressure fracturing fluid without propping agent is continuously pumped in later, the high-pressure fluid impacts the coal rock wall, the coal rock stratum can slide and rub, the coal layer blocks of the rock wall can be dropped by impact and rub, and the coal layer blocks can be further crushed under the action of the high-pressure fluid and stress, so that coal particles with smaller particle sizes can be generated in cracks.
The embodiment avoids adding propping agent additionally, so that the cost can be reduced; the compaction of the reservoir after a large amount of propping agent is embedded into the stratum is effectively avoided, and the damage of the reservoir is reduced; meanwhile, the coal powder can be prevented from blocking gaps, the coal particles serve as propping agents in conventional fracturing, the effective seam length of the cracks can be guaranteed, the long-term effective diversion capability of the reservoir cracks under certain closing stress is guaranteed, and the economic development benefit is comprehensively improved.
In the step, the following experiment is carried out, the ground stress of the coal bed subjected to the experiment is 0-15MPa, and the active water fracturing fluid process or the gel fracturing fluid process is carried out on the stratum, so that more than 78% of coal particles with the particle size being more than 0.35mm (the particle size of propping agent used for conventional fracturing of the coal-bed gas well is more than 0.35 mm) can be produced. The formation fracturing process mainly comprises the following steps of (1) circulating: circulating fracturing fluid in a tank truck and a fracturing workshop through a fracturing pump to check the connection condition of water and pipelines on a pressure pump, (2) pressure test: closing a dead wellhead main valve, namely, building pressure on a ground high-pressure pipeline and the like, and judging whether the pressure is leaked or not, and (3) performing trial extrusion: after the pressure test is qualified, a main valve is opened, fracturing fluid is squeezed until the pressure is stable, so that whether a downhole tool is normal or not is checked, (4) fracturing: pumping fracturing fluid after the test extrusion is finished to quickly raise bottom hole pressure, wherein the active hydraulic fracturing process takes clean water as fracturing fluid and adds a series of additives such as a surfactant, a demulsifier and the like to reduce fluid loss and improve the flow conductivity of the stratum, and the gel fracturing fluid process adds a cross-linking agent to form gel to further reduce fluid loss and improve the fracturing effect, continuously pumps the fracturing fluid, and forms cracks after the bottom hole pressure exceeds the fracturing pressure of the stratum, (5) supporting: the process takes the formed coal particle structure as a propping agent, continuously pumps in displacement liquid, displaces the coal particles into the cracks as much as possible, and enables the cracks to be extended and supported, (6) pressure release flowback: after the support is completed, the bottom hole pressure is released and the fracturing fluid is returned to the surface. The particles were subjected to fracturing experiments: clamping coal sheets in a diversion chamber by using a diversion instrument to simulate coal seam cracks, adding the particles to serve as propping agents, enabling experimental fluid to pass through a coal particle filling layer between two coal sheets at a stable flow rate, gradually increasing the closing pressure, and obtaining a curve of coal seam permeability along with the closing pressure; when no fracturing is carried out (only the adjacent coal slices are in the diversion chamber, and the coal particles are not contained), the coal bed permeability is generally below 1mD, even less than 0.1mD; the permeability of the proppant-free fracturing experiment test is more than 30 mD.
S3: and pumping in a displacement fluid to displace the fracturing fluid into the stratum fracture. The pumping pressure of the displacing liquid in the embodiment is equal to the pumping pressure of the fracturing liquid, and the dosage is not less than the volume of the shaft, so that the fracturing liquid in the shaft can be displaced into the stratum, coal particles are formed by impacting the coal bed, the non-closed state of cracks is ensured, and the fracturing effect is improved.
S4: after the fracturing construction is finished, an inlet valve and an outlet valve are closed, sand is prevented from being discharged, pressure is diffused, and coal particles are prevented from being discharged back to a shaft;
the fracturing of the coalbed methane ground well without the propping agent is completed, coal particles serve as propping agents in the conventional fracturing technology, a stable diversion channel is formed, equipment is removed, and a drainage device is installed for subsequent production.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A fracturing modification method of a coalbed methane ground well without an additive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pumping a pad fluid into the reservoir to form a crack in the reservoir;
s2: high pressure fracturing fluid is pumped into the fracture such that after the fracturing fluid flows through the coal walls of the fracture, coal particles are formed in the fracture, the fracturing fluid being free of proppant.
2. The proppant-free fracturing modification method for a coalbed methane surface well of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the fracturing fluid is an active water fracturing fluid or a gel fracturing fluid.
3. The proppant-free fracturing modification method for a coalbed methane surface well of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: after S2, the method further includes:
s3: and pumping in a displacement fluid, wherein the pumping-in pressure of the displacement fluid is equal to that of the fracturing fluid, and the dosage of the displacement fluid is not less than the volume of a shaft, so that the fracturing fluid in the shaft can be displaced into a stratum, and the coal bed is impacted to form coal particles.
4. The proppant-free fracturing modification method for a coalbed methane surface well of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the reservoir is a coal seam having a solidity coefficient greater than 0.5.
5. The proppant-free fracturing modification method for a coalbed methane surface well of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: before S1, the method further includes:
s0: after drilling operation is carried out on a coal reservoir, installing a facility for fracturing, starting a fracturing device and a water circulation fracturing pipeline to check the equipment performance of a fracturing truck set, and ensuring that a ground flow pipeline is unblocked; smoothly starting a high-pressure pump of the fracturing device, and carrying out a pressure bearing performance test on a wellhead valve and a ground fracturing pipeline; and starting the fracturing device to count fracturing fluid into the stratum according to the design displacement, enabling the pressure to be directly stable from low to high, and checking the condition of underground equipment.
6. The proppant-free fracturing modification method for a coalbed methane surface well of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S2, pumping is not stopped before all fracturing fluid is pumped.
7. The proppant-free fracturing modification method of a coalbed methane surface well according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after S3, the method further includes:
s4: and after the fracturing construction is finished, closing the inlet valve and the outlet valve, and subsequently carrying out fracturing fluid flowback.
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2023
- 2023-10-10 CN CN202311307495.8A patent/CN117189063A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101078343A (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2007-11-28 | 郝东 | Fracturing technique for relieving fracturing fluid pollution |
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