CN117183817A - Power battery thermal runaway management method and system - Google Patents
Power battery thermal runaway management method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117183817A CN117183817A CN202311409235.1A CN202311409235A CN117183817A CN 117183817 A CN117183817 A CN 117183817A CN 202311409235 A CN202311409235 A CN 202311409235A CN 117183817 A CN117183817 A CN 117183817A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The application discloses a power battery thermal runaway management method and a system, which combine domestic and foreign power battery thermal runaway data, characteristics and causes, analyze and sort the power battery thermal runaway data, characteristics and causes, establish a power battery thermal runaway prediction model according to the power battery thermal runaway data, characteristics and causes, acquire state information of a power battery in real time in the use process, carry the state information of the power battery into the power battery thermal runaway prediction model to predict the state of the power battery, judge the cause of the power battery thermal runaway when the risk of the power battery thermal runaway is predicted, and then match corresponding management strategies according to the cause of the power battery thermal runaway, thereby preventing further occurrence of the power battery thermal runaway and greatly improving the safety of the power battery in the use process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power battery management, in particular to a power battery thermal runaway management method and system.
Background
At present, lithium ion batteries are widely used as power sources for electric automobiles, and in order to meet the requirements of driving mileage, the energy density of the lithium ion batteries is continuously improved, so that obvious heat safety problems are brought. In recent years, a plurality of electric automobile firing events occur, and most of the events are related to the thermal safety of lithium ion batteries. The main thermal safety issue for lithium ion batteries comes from thermal runaway. Thermal runaway refers to a overheat phenomenon that the temperature rise rate of a battery is sharply increased due to a series of exothermic chain reactions in the battery, and the temperature is not controllable any more, so that dangerous conditions such as fire, explosion, combustion and the like of the battery can be caused. In the prior art, in the early warning system for thermal runaway developed for the electric automobile, early warning is mainly performed through the characteristics of the voltage and the surface of the battery, smoke, gas and the like in the battery box body, but in practice, the external characteristics lag behind the internal characteristics of the battery, when the external detection temperature and the voltage change significantly, the internal temperature of the battery triggers or approaches to trigger an exothermic chain reaction, and then the temperature of the battery rises rapidly to hundreds of DEG C, so that the prior early warning system for thermal runaway developed for the electric automobile power battery has stronger hysteresis, therefore, the prior art is in need of a method and a system for managing thermal runaway of the power battery, and further, the thermal runaway risk of the power battery can be predicted in advance and corresponding measures are taken to prevent the thermal runaway of the power battery from further occurrence.
Disclosure of Invention
The application discloses a power battery thermal runaway management method and a system, which are used for solving the problem that how to provide the power battery thermal runaway management method and the system in the background technology, so that the thermal runaway risk of a power battery can be predicted in advance and corresponding measures can be taken to prevent the further occurrence of the thermal runaway of the power battery.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is proposed:
a power cell thermal runaway management method comprising the steps of:
establishing a thermal runaway prediction model of the power battery;
acquiring state information of a power battery;
the state of the power battery is prejudged according to the state information and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, and the thermal runaway cause of the power battery is judged;
and matching corresponding management strategies according to the thermal runaway inducements.
Preferably, the thermal runaway causes include a battery internal cause and a battery thermal abuse cause;
when the thermal runaway cause is a battery internal cause, disconnecting the power battery from an external device;
and when the thermal runaway is induced by the thermal abuse of the battery, disconnecting the power battery from an external device and cooling the power battery.
Preferably, the state information of the power battery is acquired, and the state information includes voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information and battery internal temperature information of the power battery;
in the predicting of the state of the power battery according to the state information and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, inputting voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information and battery internal temperature information into the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, calculating battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information through the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, comparing the battery internal temperature information and the battery surface temperature information with corresponding battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information, and judging that the power battery is in a thermal runaway state when any one of a difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information or a difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is larger than a preset threshold value.
Preferably, the thermal runaway cause is determined to be a battery internal cause when a difference between the battery internal temperature information and battery internal temperature prediction information is greater than the predetermined threshold value and a difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is less than the predetermined threshold value;
and judging that the thermal runaway cause is a battery thermal abuse cause when the difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information and the difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information are both larger than the preset threshold value.
The application also discloses a power battery thermal runaway management system for executing the power battery thermal runaway management method according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the power battery;
the processing module is used for predicting the state of the power battery according to the state information acquired by the data acquisition module and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, and judging the thermal runaway cause of the power battery;
and the execution module is used for matching corresponding management strategies according to the thermal runaway inducement and executing the thermal runaway inducement.
Preferably, the execution module comprises a disconnection module and a cooling module; the thermal runaway causes include battery internal causes and battery thermal abuse causes;
when the thermal runaway cause is a battery internal cause, the disconnection module disconnects the power battery from an external device;
and when the thermal runaway is induced by the battery thermal abuse, the disconnection module disconnects the power battery from an external device and performs cooling treatment on the power battery through the cooling module.
Preferably, the data acquisition module acquires state information of the power battery, including voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information and battery internal temperature information of the power battery;
the processing module inputs voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information and battery internal temperature information into the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, calculates battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information through the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, compares the battery internal temperature information and the battery surface temperature information with corresponding battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information, and judges that the power battery is in a thermal runaway state when any one of a difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information or a difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is greater than a predetermined threshold value.
Preferably, the processing module judges that the thermal runaway cause is a battery internal cause when a difference between the battery internal temperature information and battery internal temperature prediction information is greater than the predetermined threshold value and a difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is less than the predetermined threshold value;
the processing module determines that the cause of thermal runaway is a cause of thermal abuse of the battery when both a difference between the battery internal temperature information and battery internal temperature prediction information and a difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information are greater than the predetermined threshold.
The beneficial effects are that: the method combines the data, the characteristics and the inducement of thermal runaway of the power battery at home and abroad, analyzes and sorts the data, the characteristics and the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery, establishes a power battery thermal runaway prediction model based on the data, the characteristics and the inducement of the thermal runaway, acquires the state information of the power battery in real time in the use process, carries out the prejudgment on the state of the power battery in the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, judges the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery when the risk of the thermal runaway of the power battery is prejudged, and then matches the corresponding management strategy according to the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery, thereby preventing the further occurrence of the thermal runaway of the power battery, and greatly increasing the safety of the power battery in the use process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present application;
fig. 2 is a system frame diagram of the present application.
The main reference numerals are as follows:
1. a data acquisition module; 2. a processing module; 3. an execution module; 31. disconnecting the module; 32. and (5) cooling the module.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The application relates to a thermal runaway management method of a power battery, referring to fig. 1-2, comprising the following steps:
establishing a thermal runaway prediction model of the power battery;
acquiring state information of a power battery;
the state of the power battery is pre-judged according to the state information and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, and the thermal runaway cause of the power battery is judged;
the corresponding management strategy is matched according to the thermal runaway causes.
In particular, it is known that the thermal runaway phase of a power battery is generally divided into four phases, the first phase of the battery starts self-heating, and the SEI film is decomposed due to an exothermic reaction at an anode. The second stage battery begins to have an internal short circuit and the voltage drops instantaneously. As the battery temperature continues to rise, the battery enters a third stage, where the chemical reaction is more severe than in the previous two stages, and the battery triggers thermal runaway. Oxidation-reduction reaction occurs between the cathode and the anode inside the battery in the fourth stage, resulting in rapid maximum temperature of the battery. The power battery has long development time in the first stage, so that sufficient reaction time and detection time are reserved for thermal runaway early warning, but the temperature change is slow in the stage, the thermal characteristics and the electrical characteristics are not obvious, and the thermal runaway detection is difficult. In the second stage, although the time is short, the thermal characteristic phenomenon is obvious, so that the initial temperature of the first stage is used as a thermal runaway risk sign in the application, namely, if the temperature of the power battery is higher than the initial temperature of the first stage, the battery is judged to have the risk of thermal runaway. And taking the initial temperature of the second stage as a thermal runaway trigger mark, namely judging that the battery is about to be subjected to thermal runaway at the moment when the temperature of the power battery is higher than the initial temperature of the second stage. Therefore, the embodiment combines the data, the characteristics and the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery at home and abroad, analyzes and sorts the data, the characteristics and the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery, establishes a power battery thermal runaway prediction model according to the data, the characteristics and the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery, acquires the state information of the power battery in real time in the use process, carries out prejudgment on the state of the power battery in the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, judges the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery when the risk of the thermal runaway of the power battery is prejudged, and then matches the corresponding management strategy according to the inducement of the thermal runaway of the power battery, thereby preventing the further occurrence of the thermal runaway of the power battery, and greatly increasing the safety of the power battery in the use process.
In this embodiment, the causes of thermal runaway induced by the power battery are mainly classified into three types, namely mechanical abuse, electrical abuse and thermal abuse, wherein the mechanical abuse is caused by the power battery that the internal membrane portion of the battery breaks due to mechanical deformation, the electrical abuse is caused by dendrite growth such that dendrite pierces the membrane to cause thermal runaway, and the thermal runaway is caused by the power battery that is in a high temperature environment for a long time such that the membrane collapses on a large scale to cause thermal runaway, so the thermal runaway causes are classified into internal causes of the battery and thermal abuse causes of the battery in this embodiment; wherein both mechanical and electrical abuse are internal causes of the battery, and thermal abuse is a cause of thermal abuse of the battery.
In an embodiment, when the thermal runaway cause is a battery internal cause, the connection of the power battery and an external device is disconnected through the disconnection module 31, thereby preventing further occurrence of thermal runaway of the power battery; when thermal runaway is induced by battery thermal abuse, the connection between the power battery and an external device is disconnected through the disconnection module 31, and the power battery is cooled through the cooling module 32, so that the diaphragm of the power battery is prevented from being damaged by the high-temperature environment.
The state information of the power battery obtained in the present embodiment includes voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information, and battery internal temperature information of the power battery; in the pre-judging of the state of the power battery according to the state information and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information and battery internal temperature information are input to the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information are calculated through the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, the battery internal temperature information and the battery surface temperature information are compared with corresponding battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information, and when any one of the difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information or the difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is larger than a preset threshold value, the power battery is judged to be in a thermal runaway state.
Specifically, the power battery thermal runaway prediction model mainly comprises two steps, namely, calculating battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information, and judging the state of the power battery according to the battery surface temperature prediction information, the battery internal temperature prediction information and the actual state information of the power battery. In the first step, based on the LSTM neural network, the input and output matrix expression modes of the LSTM neural network are given according to the data of thermal runaway of the power battery at home and abroad, a prediction graph is drawn according to a prediction matrix, and then the battery surface temperature prediction information and the battery internal temperature prediction information are obtained according to the state information of the power battery. And in the second step, firstly, calculating the difference between the actual battery temperature and the predicted battery temperature, and comparing the difference with a preset threshold value to determine whether thermal runaway occurs or not and judge the cause of the thermal runaway of the power battery.
Specifically, when the difference between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information is greater than a predetermined threshold value and the difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is less than the predetermined threshold value, determining that the cause of thermal runaway is the cause of the battery internal;
and judging that the thermal runaway cause is a thermal abuse cause of the battery when the difference between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information and the difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information are both larger than a predetermined threshold.
The application also discloses a power battery thermal runaway management system for executing any one of the power battery thermal runaway management methods, comprising:
the data acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring state information of the power battery;
the processing module 2 is used for the thermal runaway prediction model of the power battery, pre-judging the state of the power battery according to the state information acquired by the data acquisition module 1 and the thermal runaway prediction model of the power battery, and judging the thermal runaway cause of the power battery;
and the execution module 3 is used for matching corresponding management strategies according to the thermal runaway causes and executing the thermal runaway causes.
In the present embodiment, the execution module 3 includes a disconnection module 31 and a cooling module 32; thermal runaway causes include battery internal causes and battery thermal abuse causes;
wherein, when the thermal runaway cause is a battery internal cause, the disconnection module 31 disconnects the power battery from the external device;
when thermal runaway is induced by battery thermal abuse, the disconnection module 31 disconnects the power battery from the external device and performs cooling treatment on the power battery through the cooling module 32.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition module 1 acquires state information of the power battery including voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information, and battery internal temperature information of the power battery;
the processing module 2 inputs the voltage information, the current information, the battery surface temperature information, the charge state information and the battery internal temperature information to a power battery thermal runaway prediction model, calculates the battery surface temperature prediction information and the battery internal temperature prediction information by the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, compares the battery internal temperature information and the battery surface temperature information with the corresponding battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information, and judges that the power battery is in a thermal runaway state when any one of a difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information or a difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is greater than a predetermined threshold value.
In the present embodiment, when the difference between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information is greater than the predetermined threshold value and the difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is less than the predetermined threshold value, the processing module 2 judges that the cause of thermal runaway is the cause of the battery internal;
when both the difference between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information and the difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information are greater than the predetermined threshold, the processing module 2 judges that the cause of thermal runaway is the cause of thermal abuse of the battery.
The advantages are that:
(1) In the application, the LSTM neural network is used for prediction to obtain the surface temperature and the internal temperature of the battery. And then, comparing the difference value between the temperature predicted value and the actual temperature value with a set threshold value by utilizing the temperature predicted result, judging the occurrence condition of the thermal runaway of the battery, judging and identifying the cause of the thermal runaway, and more effectively selecting a management strategy so as to prevent the further occurrence of the thermal runaway of the power battery.
The above disclosure is only a few specific embodiments of the present application, but the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be thought by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for thermal runaway management of a power battery, comprising the steps of:
establishing a thermal runaway prediction model of the power battery;
acquiring state information of a power battery;
the state of the power battery is prejudged according to the state information and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, and the thermal runaway cause of the power battery is judged;
and matching corresponding management strategies according to the thermal runaway inducements.
2. The power cell thermal runaway management method of claim 1, wherein the thermal runaway causes comprise a cell internal cause and a cell thermal abuse cause;
when the thermal runaway cause is a battery internal cause, disconnecting the power battery from an external device;
and when the thermal runaway is induced by the thermal abuse of the battery, disconnecting the power battery from an external device and cooling the power battery.
3. The power battery thermal runaway management method according to claim 2, wherein obtaining state information of the power battery includes voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information, and battery internal temperature information of the power battery;
in the predicting of the state of the power battery according to the state information and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, inputting voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information and battery internal temperature information into the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, calculating battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information through the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, comparing the battery internal temperature information and the battery surface temperature information with corresponding battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information, and judging that the power battery is in a thermal runaway state when any one of a difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information or a difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is larger than a preset threshold value.
4. The power battery thermal runaway management method according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermal runaway cause is judged to be a battery internal cause when a difference between the battery internal temperature information and battery internal temperature prediction information is greater than the predetermined threshold value and a difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is less than the predetermined threshold value;
and judging that the thermal runaway cause is a battery thermal abuse cause when the difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information and the difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information are both larger than the preset threshold value.
5. A power cell thermal runaway management system for performing the power cell thermal runaway management method of any one of claims 1-4, comprising
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the power battery;
the processing module is used for predicting the state of the power battery according to the state information acquired by the data acquisition module and the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, and judging the thermal runaway cause of the power battery;
and the execution module is used for matching corresponding management strategies according to the thermal runaway inducement and executing the thermal runaway inducement.
6. The power cell thermal runaway management system of claim 5, wherein the execution module comprises a disconnect module and a cool down module; the thermal runaway causes include battery internal causes and battery thermal abuse causes;
when the thermal runaway cause is a battery internal cause, the disconnection module disconnects the power battery from an external device;
and when the thermal runaway is induced by the battery thermal abuse, the disconnection module disconnects the power battery from an external device and performs cooling treatment on the power battery through the cooling module.
7. The power cell thermal runaway management system of claim 6, wherein the data acquisition module obtains status information of the power cell including voltage information, current information, cell surface temperature information, state of charge information, and cell internal temperature information of the power cell;
the processing module inputs voltage information, current information, battery surface temperature information, charge state information and battery internal temperature information into the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, calculates battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information through the power battery thermal runaway prediction model, compares the battery internal temperature information and the battery surface temperature information with corresponding battery surface temperature prediction information and battery internal temperature prediction information, and judges that the power battery is in a thermal runaway state when any one of a difference value between the battery internal temperature information and the battery internal temperature prediction information or a difference value between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information is greater than a predetermined threshold value.
8. The power cell thermal runaway management system of claim 7, wherein the processing module determines the cause of thermal runaway as a cell internal cause when a difference between the cell internal temperature information and cell internal temperature prediction information is greater than the predetermined threshold and a difference between the cell surface temperature information and the cell surface temperature prediction information is less than the predetermined threshold;
the processing module determines that the cause of thermal runaway is a cause of thermal abuse of the battery when both a difference between the battery internal temperature information and battery internal temperature prediction information and a difference between the battery surface temperature information and the battery surface temperature prediction information are greater than the predetermined threshold.
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