CN117176255A - 5G forward-oriented optical-load analog multi-radio-frequency wireless transmission method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a 5G forward-oriented optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method, which is characterized in that when an optical carrier frequency division multiplexing intermediate frequency signal is transmitted in a forward-transmission network, a proper optical carrier local oscillator signal is transmitted, then local oscillator signals are separated in an electric domain at different radio remote heads, and frequency multiplication is carried out on the local oscillator signals to form a proper new local oscillator signal, and the new local oscillator signal is up-converted with the demultiplexed intermediate frequency signal, so that an expected radio access network signal is finally obtained. Compared with the traditional optical-loaded digital radio frequency wireless transmission technology, the application avoids a great deal of expenditure required by digitizing the wireless signals into CPRI, eCPRI and other formats in the forward transmission section, thereby realizing high bandwidth efficiency and reducing the extra time delay caused by the wireless signals in the format conversion process. Furthermore, the centralization gain of the BBU is maximized, since no additional DUs are introduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical communication, optical fiber and wireless fusion, in particular to a 5G forward-oriented optical carrier simulation diversity radio frequency wireless transmission method.
Background
Since the commercial use of Fifth Generation mobile network (5G) in 2019, 5G networks are built on a large scale in China, which provides powerful support for the development of global 5G technology. The 5G radio access network (Radio Access Network, RAN) has undergone significant technological changes compared with the fourth generation mobile network (Fourth Generation, 4G), and the centralized radio access network (Centralized RadioAccess Network, C-RAN) architecture reduces the operation and maintenance costs of the network by centrally deploying baseband processing units (Base Band Processing Unit, BBU), which is becoming more and more widely used in many countries and regions around the world. Compared to conventional distributed radio access networks (Distributed RadioAccess Network, D-RAN), the C-RAN architecture places more stringent demands on the capacity and latency of 5G-oriented fronthaul networks, i.e., fiber-optic communication networks bridging BBUs and remote radio heads (Remote Radio Head, RRH).
In recent years, radio frequency wireless transmission technology for 5G forward has been developed. For example, common public radio interface technology (Common Public Radio Interface, CPRI), enhanced common radio interface technology (enhanced Common Public Radio Interface, eCPRI), next generation fronthaul interface technology (Next Generation Fronthaul Interface, NGFI), and the like are introduced, solving the problem of excessive fiber resource consumption to some extent. However, the existing technologies have certain disadvantages when applied: on one hand, the optical-load digital radio frequency wireless transmission technology needs to digitize a wireless signal and transmit the wireless signal together with a control word for control management and information synchronization of equipment, and digital format conversion and redundant data frames cause extra delay and jitter, which means that the prior art puts extremely high requirements on signal synchronization, delay, jitter and bandwidth, and limits the application of a future 5G network in Ultra-high reliability low-delay (uRLLC) service; on the other hand, eCPRI, NGFI, while alleviating the channel capacity problem, cause the baseband processing units (Base Band Processing Unit, BBU) to be reconfigured into Centralized Units (CUs) and Distributed Units (DUs) resulting in a Centralized gain section loss.
In addition, the access network technology of single frequency band single system is difficult to meet the application scene of future 5G diversification. Future 5G networks are networks with multiple access technologies fused, that is, future 5G will use a large number of and various Radio frequencies, and it is necessary to consider that the frequency bands where 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and WLAN are compatible at the same time, including from below 6GHz (sub-6 GHz) to millimeter wave frequency band or even sub-terahertz (sub-THz) frequency band, and also compatible with multiple systems such as frequency division duplex (Frequency Division Duplex, FDD), time division duplex (Time Division Duplex, TDD) and New air interface (New Radio, NR) in 5G, which cannot be satisfied by the existing pre-transmission technology. In particular, millimeter waves can be applied to service scenes of 5G enhanced mobile broadband eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband), such as ultra-high-speed indoor wireless, virtual/augmented reality and the like, due to the characteristic of ultra-large bandwidth. However, millimeter wave RAN signals are difficult to transmit in fiber optic fronthaul systems due to their high propagation loss, and high-speed optical modulators are required to convert millimeter wave signals to optical signals, greatly increasing the cost of the optical signal transmitter.
In summary, the research on a low-delay and cost-effective optical-load analog-diversity radio frequency wireless transmission method for 5G forward is a main problem to be solved in future large-scale deployment of a C-RAN architecture.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a 5G forward-oriented optical-carrier analog multi-radio-frequency wireless transmission method, which eliminates the defect of optical-carrier digital radio-frequency wireless transmission through optical-carrier analog radio-frequency wireless transmission, reduces bandwidth requirements, greatly reduces delay and jitter caused by wireless signal digitization, realizes compatibility with frequency bands where 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and WLAN are located through subcarrier multiplexing intermediate frequency transmission, simultaneously realizes compatibility with various systems such as FDD, TDD and the like, and realizes cost-effective transmission of 5G millimeter wave or even higher-frequency RAN signals in an optical fiber forward-transmission network so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art to a great extent.
In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
in order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: an optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method for 5G forward transmission is characterized in that an optical carrier frequency division multiplexing intermediate frequency signal is transmitted in a forward transmission network, a proper optical carrier local oscillator signal is transmitted, local oscillator signals are separated in electric domains at different radio remote heads, frequency multiplication is carried out on the local oscillator signals to form proper new local oscillator signals, and the new local oscillator signals are up-converted with the demultiplexed intermediate frequency signals, and finally expected radio access network signals are obtained.
The application builds a forward network under the C-RAN architecture based on the method, which comprises an optical signal transmitting module, an optical signal receiving module and a wireless access network signal transmitting module.
The optical signal generating module comprises a remote feed Local Oscillator (LO) signal transmitting module, an intermediate frequency (Intermediate Frequency, IF) signal transmitting module and an optical signal combining module. The optical carrier intermediate frequency signal transmitting module consists of an intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module and an electro-optical (E/O) conversion module;
the optical signal receiving module comprises an optical signal separation module and an optoelectronic (O/E) conversion module;
the wireless access network signal transmitting module comprises an intermediate frequency signal frequency doubling module, an intermediate frequency signal demultiplexing module and an intermediate frequency signal up-conversion module;
the optical signal transmitting module and the optical signal receiving module are linked by a single-mode fiber link, and the optical signal receiving module and the wireless access network signal transmitting module are linked by a coaxial cable.
Firstly, different wireless access network signals expected to be output by a forwarding network are mapped into an intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module, and a proper remote feeding local oscillation signal is obtained in the mapping process.
The intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module inputs different intermediate frequency signals carrying information corresponding to different radio access network signals, realizes frequency multiplexing on an electric domain through subcarrier multiplexing, and outputs intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signals;
the remote-feed Local Oscillator (LO) signal transmitting module inputs a remote-feed Local Oscillator signal, and outputs the remote-feed Local Oscillator signal by modulating the remote-feed Local Oscillator signal onto an optical carrier wave with a wavelength lambda 2 by photon-assisted frequency multiplication based on an electro-optical modulator;
the optical carrier signal merging module inputs the optical carrier local oscillator signal and the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal, is coupled to the same optical fiber for transmission through a 3dB coupler, and outputs the optical carrier local oscillator-intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal;
the optical signal separation module inputs the optical carrier local oscillator-intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal, and outputs the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal through filtering of two paths of optical band-pass filters;
the photoelectric conversion module inputs the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal, converts the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal into an electric domain through a photoelectric detector respectively, and outputs the local oscillator signal and the intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal;
the local oscillation signal frequency doubling module is used for inputting local oscillation signals and outputting new local oscillation signals through an N frequency multiplier;
the intermediate frequency signal demultiplexing module inputs intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signals and outputs different intermediate frequency signals;
the intermediate frequency signal up-conversion module inputs a new local oscillation signal and an intermediate frequency signal, up-converts the signals through a mixer, outputs different wireless access network signals expected to be output by a forwarding network, and transmits the signals to a free space through an antenna;
and different wireless access network signals are finally received and demodulated by the terminal equipment to finish information transmission.
Wherein the value of N is determined by the mapping relationship between the intermediate frequency and the radio access network signal.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional optical-loaded digital radio frequency wireless transmission technology, the application avoids a great deal of expenditure required by digitizing the wireless signals into CPRI, eCPRI and other formats in the forward transmission section, thereby realizing high bandwidth efficiency and reducing the extra time delay caused by the wireless signals in the format conversion process. Furthermore, the centralization gain of the BBU is maximized, since no additional DUs are introduced.
(2) The application has different optical carrier laser light source frequencies in the remote feeding optical carrier local oscillator signal transmitting module and the optical carrier IF signal transmitting module, so that the local oscillator can be separated from the optical signal receiving module to participate in up-conversion.
(3) By adopting the intermediate frequency transmission technology, the transmission of high-frequency signals with high propagation loss in the forward transmission section is avoided, the modulation of the high-frequency signals to an optical carrier is avoided, the requirements on optical equipment are reduced, and the cost of transmitting the high-frequency signals in the forward transmission section is greatly reduced.
(4) The frequency band of the radio access network signal obtained by up-conversion is more flexible due to the introduction of the subcarrier multiplexing of the IF signal and the local oscillation frequency doubling module, the expandability of the forward network based on the application is greatly increased, and the cost of updating the infrastructure is reduced when the future B5G network and even the 6G network are deployed on the premise of changing the system architecture as little as possible.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method for 5G forwarding according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a forwarding network structure in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the forwarding network in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a diagram of an embodiment of a forwarding network based on a 5G forwarding-oriented optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method.
In the figure: 1-1,2-1,3-1, N-1 are different intermediate frequency signals obtained by demultiplexing in different remote radio heads, 1-2,2-2,3-2, N-2 are local oscillation signals separated in different remote radio heads, and 1-3,2-3,3-3, N-3 are new local oscillation signals obtained by frequency doubling in different remote radio heads.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method for 5G front-end is provided, wherein an optical carrier frequency division multiplexing intermediate frequency signal is transmitted in a front-end network, an appropriate optical carrier local oscillator signal is transmitted, then local oscillator signals are separated in an electric domain at different radio remote heads, frequency-doubled into an appropriate new local oscillator signal, and the new local oscillator signal is up-converted with the demultiplexed intermediate frequency signal, and finally an expected radio access network signal is obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the application builds a forward network under the C-RAN architecture based on the method, which comprises an optical signal transmitting module, an optical signal receiving module and a wireless access network signal transmitting module.
The optical signal generating module comprises a remote feed Local Oscillator (LO) signal transmitting module, an intermediate frequency (Intermediate Frequency, IF) signal transmitting module and an optical signal combining module. The optical carrier intermediate frequency signal transmitting module consists of an intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module and an electro-optical (E/O) conversion module;
the optical signal receiving module comprises an optical signal separation module and an optoelectronic (O/E) conversion module;
the wireless access network signal transmitting module comprises an intermediate frequency signal frequency doubling module, an intermediate frequency signal demultiplexing module and an intermediate frequency signal up-conversion module;
the optical signal transmitting module and the optical signal receiving module are linked by a single-mode fiber link, and the optical signal receiving module and the wireless access network signal transmitting module are linked by a coaxial cable.
A workflow diagram of a forwarding network based on this method is shown in fig. 3.
Firstly, different wireless access network signals expected to be output by a forwarding network are mapped into an intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module, and a proper remote feeding local oscillation signal is obtained in the mapping process.
The intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module inputs different intermediate frequency signals carrying information corresponding to different radio access network signals, realizes frequency multiplexing on an electric domain through subcarrier multiplexing, and outputs intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signals;
the remote-feed Local Oscillator (LO) signal transmitting module inputs a remote-feed Local Oscillator signal, and outputs the remote-feed Local Oscillator signal by modulating the remote-feed Local Oscillator signal onto an optical carrier wave with a wavelength lambda 2 by photon-assisted frequency multiplication based on an electro-optical modulator;
the optical carrier signal merging module inputs the optical carrier local oscillator signal and the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal, is coupled to the same optical fiber for transmission through a 3dB coupler, and outputs the optical carrier local oscillator-intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal;
the optical signal separation module inputs the optical carrier local oscillator-intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal, and outputs the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal through filtering of two paths of optical band-pass filters;
the photoelectric conversion module inputs the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal, converts the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal into an electric domain through a photoelectric detector respectively, and outputs the local oscillator signal and the intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal;
the local oscillator signal frequency doubling module inputs local oscillator signals, and outputs new local oscillator signals through an N frequency multiplier (the value of N is determined by the mapping relation between intermediate frequency and radio access network signals);
the intermediate frequency signal demultiplexing module inputs intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signals and outputs different intermediate frequency signals;
the intermediate frequency signal up-conversion module inputs a new local oscillation signal and an intermediate frequency signal, up-converts the signals through a mixer, outputs different wireless access network signals expected to be output by a forwarding network, and transmits the signals to a free space through an antenna;
and different wireless access network signals are finally received and demodulated by the terminal equipment to finish information transmission.
A specific C-RAN architecture embodiment based on a 5G forward-oriented optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method is listed below, and refer to fig. 4.
1. Transmission of multiple IF signals
As shown in table 1, we select six typical signals to illustrate the feasibility of transmitting a large number of diverse rf signals simultaneously by the 5G forward-oriented optical carrier analog diverse rf wireless transmission method. (1) IF signal 1: IEEE 802.11ah signal, IF frequency 920MHz, RAN signal frequency 920MHz, bandwidth 10MHz, modulation format 64QAM. It represents a WLAN signal; (2) IF signal 2: the LTE-A signal has an IF frequency of 1.94GHz and a RAN signal frequency of 1.94GHz, and is formed by carrier aggregation of three-section component carrier (Component Carrier, CC) signals, wherein the bandwidths of CC1 and CC2 are 20MHz, the bandwidth of CC3 is 10MHz, and the modulation formats are 256QAM. It represents FDD/TDD system signal in 4G; (3) IF signal 3: OFDM signal, IF frequency 2.6GHz, RAN signal frequency 2.6GHz, bandwidth 50MHz, modulation format 64QAM. It represents the sub-6GHz 5G NRFR1 signal; (4) IF signal 4: OFDM signal, IF frequency 1GHz, RAN signal frequency 25GHz, bandwidth 50MHz, modulation format 64QAM. It represents the millimeter wave signal of 5gnr FR2; (5) IF signal 5: a Filter-bank multi carrier (FBMC) signal, an IF frequency of 4GHz, a ran signal frequency of 52GHz, a bandwidth of 50MHz, and a modulation format of 64QAM. It represents 5G millimeter waves around 60 GHz; (6) IF signal 6: the method comprises the steps of filtering an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) signal, wherein the IF frequency is 2GHz, the RAN signal frequency is 98GHz, the frequency is composed of 4 CC signals with the bandwidth of 400MHz, and the modulation formats are all 16QAM. It represents sub THz signals below 100 GHz.
TABLE 1
E/O Module
LD1 is used as the light source of E/O module, its wavelength λ1 is set to 1555.65nm, the laser line width is about 10MHz, the multiple IF signals are modulated onto the optical carrier by one IQ modulator single sideband (single sideband modulation of IQ modulator is less affected by fiber dispersion than double sideband modulation of MZM).
3. Remote LO signal generator
LD2 is used as the light carrier light source of the far-end LO signal, the wavelength lambda 2 is set to 1555.9nm, and the laser line width is about 10MHz. The DP-MZM is utilized to mainly output a first-order sideband signal under the MITP (minimum output) bias condition, a low-frequency RF signal of 12GHz is input, and an optical carrier double-tone LO signal (with the frequency difference of 24 GHz) is obtained at an output end.
4. Single mode optical fiber transmission link
2. The on-board IF signal and the on-board LO signal generated in 3 are coupled together through a 3db coupler, and are split into 4 paths with equal power by a reverse 3db coupler (i.e. beam splitter) after being transmitted on a 20km single-mode fiber transmission link.
RRH end
The on-air IF signal and the on-air LO signal are separated by filtering with an OBPF (optical bandpass filter) on each RRH. And respectively converting the signals into an electric domain by the O/E module for further processing. The RRH1 can respectively obtain IF signals 1,2 and 3 after electric domain filtering; the RRH2 can obtain an IF signal 4 after electric domain filtering; the RRH3 can obtain an IF signal 5 after electric domain filtering; the IF signal 6 can be obtained after electrical domain filtering in RRH 4. In RRHs 3, 4, 5, the IF signal is mixed with the LO signal sent from the far end to obtain the corresponding RAN signal. Specifically, in RRH3, IF signal 4 of 1GHz and source LO signal of 24GHz are mixed to obtain RAN signal of 25 GHz; in RRH4, mixing the 4GHz IF signal 5 with the 48GHz 2 frequency multiplication source LO signal to obtain a 52GHz RAN signal; in RRH5, IF signal 6 at 2GHz and the 4-frequency-doubled source LO signal at 96GHz are mixed to obtain a RAN signal at 98 GHz. And then transmitted to the free space by the far-end antenna for transmission of several meters.
6. User Equipment (UE) side
After receiving the free space RAN signal, the receiver filters and amplifies the free space RAN signal, and then carries out electric domain down-conversion and demodulation on the free space RAN signal by a self-homodyne detection circuit, and finally analyzes the frequency spectrum.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-described embodiments are provided for illustration and description of the present application only and are not intended to limit the application to the embodiments described. In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that many variations and modifications may be made in accordance with the teachings of the present application, which fall within the scope of the claimed application.
Claims (3)
1. A5G forward-oriented optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method is characterized in that an appropriate optical carrier local oscillator signal is transmitted while an optical carrier frequency division multiplexing intermediate frequency signal is transmitted in a forward network, then local oscillator signals are separated in an electric domain at different remote radio heads, multiplied into an appropriate new local oscillator signal and up-converted with the demultiplexed intermediate frequency signal, and finally an expected radio access network signal is obtained.
2. The 5G forward-oriented optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method of claim 1, wherein the forward-transmission network is a forward-transmission network under a C-RAN architecture and comprises an optical signal transmitting module, an optical signal receiving module and a wireless access network signal transmitting module;
the optical signal generating module comprises a remote feeding optical carrier local oscillator signal transmitting module, an optical carrier intermediate frequency signal transmitting module and an optical carrier signal combining module. The optical carrier intermediate frequency signal transmitting module consists of an intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module and an electro-optical conversion module;
the optical signal receiving module comprises an optical signal separation module and a photoelectric conversion module;
the wireless access network signal transmitting module comprises an intermediate frequency signal frequency doubling module, an intermediate frequency signal demultiplexing module and an intermediate frequency signal up-conversion module;
the optical signal transmitting module is linked with the optical signal receiving module through a single-mode fiber link, and the optical signal receiving module is linked with the wireless access network signal transmitting module through a coaxial cable;
firstly, mapping different wireless access network signals expected to be output by a forwarding network into an intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module, and obtaining a proper remote feeding local oscillation signal in the mapping process;
the intermediate frequency signal multiplexing module inputs different intermediate frequency signals carrying information corresponding to different radio access network signals, realizes frequency multiplexing on an electric domain through subcarrier multiplexing, and outputs intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signals;
the remote-feeding optical carrier local oscillator signal transmitting module inputs the remote-feeding local oscillator signal, modulates the optical carrier wave with wavelength lambda 2 by utilizing photon auxiliary frequency multiplication based on the electro-optic modulator and outputs the optical carrier local oscillator signal;
the optical carrier signal merging module inputs the optical carrier local oscillator signal and the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal, is coupled to the same optical fiber for transmission through a 3dB coupler, and outputs the optical carrier local oscillator-intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal;
the optical signal separation module inputs the optical carrier local oscillator-intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal, and outputs the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal through filtering of two paths of optical band-pass filters;
the photoelectric conversion module inputs the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal, converts the optical carrier intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal and the optical carrier local oscillator signal into an electric domain through a photoelectric detector respectively, and outputs the local oscillator signal and the intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signal;
the local oscillation signal frequency doubling module is used for inputting local oscillation signals and outputting new local oscillation signals through an N frequency multiplier;
the intermediate frequency signal demultiplexing module inputs intermediate frequency subcarrier multiplexing signals and outputs different intermediate frequency signals;
the intermediate frequency signal up-conversion module inputs a new local oscillation signal and an intermediate frequency signal, up-converts the signals through a mixer, outputs different wireless access network signals expected to be output by a forwarding network, and transmits the signals to a free space through an antenna;
and different wireless access network signals are finally received and demodulated by the terminal equipment to finish information transmission.
3. The 5G forward-oriented optical carrier analog multi-radio frequency wireless transmission method of claim 2, wherein the value of N is determined by a mapping relationship between an intermediate frequency and a radio access network signal.
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