CN117170123B - Tunable signal filtering and encrypting method based on electro-optic resonance effect - Google Patents
Tunable signal filtering and encrypting method based on electro-optic resonance effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A tunable signal filtering and encrypting method based on electro-optical resonance effect relates to the technical field of signal modulation. The invention aims to meet the requirements of signal filtering and encryption in free space optical communication. The invention changes the electric resonance frequency by changing the single domain structure of the KTN crystal ferroelectric domain through externally applying bias voltage, and can realize tunable filtering of input signals. As the signal enhancement at the electro-optic resonance frequency of the crystal is achieved, the signal rejection ratio reaches 20 dB-30 dB, and the effects of filtering and intensity modulation can be achieved. In addition, due to the independence of the crystals of the resonant frequency, the same crystal is adopted to realize signal modulation and demodulation, and a physical signal encryption effect can be realized. The invention realizes accurate tuning of the filtering frequency through fine ferroelectric domain regulation and control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of signal modulation.
Background
For the current optical communication field, optical fiber communication and free space optical communication are two major directions of important attention. With the development of communication demands and equipment demands in recent years, free space optical communication is emphasized, and in free space optical communication, efficient signal transmission and processing determine communication efficiency and quality, and signal filtering and encryption are important links. In space optical communication, signals are loaded in an electro-optical modulation mode, and space optical signal modulation is realized by adopting a bulk electro-optical crystal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunable signal filtering and encrypting method based on an electro-optic resonance effect in order to meet the signal filtering and encrypting requirements in free space optical communication.
A tunable signal filtering and encrypting method based on electro-optic resonance effect, set up a electrode separately at two opposite lateral walls of KTN crystal, apply the electric signal to be filtered on a electrode; the light source is incident into the KTN crystal through one polaroid, and the emergent light of the KTN crystal passes through the other polaroid to obtain an optical signal carrying the information of the electric signal after filtering, so that the electric signal is filtered and encrypted; the KTN crystal is a KTN crystal with a stable ferroelectric domain structure after polarization treatment, and the frequency of an electric signal to be filtered is adjusted by changing the bias voltage applied to the KTN crystal in the polarization treatment process.
Further, the polarization treatment process comprises the following steps:
placing the annealed KTN crystal in a high-temperature furnace, and uniformly heating the temperature of the KTN crystal to (x+10) DEG C to (x+20) DEG C by the high-temperature furnace, so that the KTN crystal enters a paraelectric phase and keeps the temperature unchanged, wherein x is the Curie temperature of the KTN crystal; applying bias voltage to the KTN crystal by taking 200V as step length until the bias voltage applied to the KTN crystal reaches a target value, and keeping for 40-60 min, wherein different target values of the bias voltage correspond to different filtered electric signal frequencies; and (3) uniformly cooling the temperature of the KTN crystal to room temperature and keeping the temperature for 6 to 8 hours to complete the polarization of the KTN crystal.
Further, the optical signal carrying the filtered electrical signal information is incident to the photodetector, and the filtered electrical signal is obtained.
Furthermore, the optical signal carrying the filtered electric signal information is incident to the receiving end through the transmission medium, so that the electric signal is decrypted; the receiving end is another KTN crystal with the same dielectric resonance frequency as the KTN crystal.
Further, the wavelength of the light passing through the KTN crystal is 400nm to 4000nm.
Further, the target value of the bias voltage was 1500V/mm.
Further, the temperature rising speed of the high temperature furnace is 1 ℃/min.
Further, the cooling speed of the high temperature furnace is 0.5 ℃/min.
Further, the room temperature is 18℃to 26 ℃.
The invention is oriented to the signal filtering and encrypting requirements in free space optical communication, and realizes the filtering and encrypting method of the carried signal by utilizing the tunable ultra-high resonance electro-optic effect of the KTN crystal. The electric-optic modulation of signal filtering and encryption is realized through the electric-optic resonance effect of the KTN single crystal. The invention changes the electric-optic resonance frequency by changing the single domain structure of the KTN crystal ferroelectric domain through externally adding bias voltage, and can realize tunable filtering of input signals, and the effects of filtering and intensity modulation can be achieved because the signal enhancement at the electric-optic resonance frequency of the crystal has a signal suppression ratio of 20 dB-30 dB. In addition, due to the independence of the crystals of the resonant frequency, the same crystal is adopted to realize signal modulation and demodulation, and a physical signal encryption effect can be realized. The invention can realize more accurate tuning of the filtering frequency through finer ferroelectric domain regulation and control, and has development potential in the aspect of free space optical communication application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of dielectric constant spectra;
FIG. 2 is an electro-optic resonance diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a filtering process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of information filtering and encryption;
FIG. 5 is a plot of a 50% duty cycle rectangular waveform and spectrum at 10kHz, wherein (a) an input signal waveform, (b) an output signal waveform, (c) an input signal spectrum, (d) an output signal spectrum;
fig. 6 is a graph of a 20% duty cycle rectangular waveform and spectrum at 10kHz, where (a) an input signal waveform, (b) an output signal waveform, (c) an input signal spectrum, and (d) an output signal spectrum.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Potassium tantalum niobate crystal (KTa) 1-x Nb x O 3 KTN) has outstanding electro-optical performance, has great application prospect in the fields of optical communication, optical modulation and the like, and has wide application in researches of optical switches, phase modulation, image processing and the like. After the single-domain treatment of the ferroelectric phase KTN crystal, the ferroelectric phase KTN crystal has an outstanding dielectric resonance effect under a specific driving electric field frequency, and the crystal has an ultra-strong electro-optic resonance effect and an ultra-high electro-optic coefficient under the frequency according to the association relation between the dielectric constant and the electro-optic coefficient, and the effect frequency selection characteristic has a high quality factor Q factor, so that the high-efficiency modulation of the specific signal frequency can be realized based on the crystal electro-optic resonance effect, and the effective filtering and encryption treatment of the free space optical signal can be realized. Based on the above principle, referring to fig. 1 to 6, the tunable signal filtering and encrypting method based on the electro-optical resonance effect provided in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
the distribution of ferroelectric domains of the annealed KTN crystal is fine and disordered in a natural state, at the moment, resonance characteristics of the KTN crystal cannot be detected or resonance is too small to be detected, and the crystal needs to be polarized before use so as to control the state of the ferroelectric domains. The specific process of polarization treatment is as follows:
the thickness of the KTN crystal used for polarization in this embodiment was 2.12mm. When the KTN crystal is polarized, the annealed KTN crystal is placed in a high-temperature furnace, and the temperature of the KTN crystal is heated to (x+10) DEG C to (x+20) DEG C at a speed of 1 ℃/min, so that the KTN crystal enters a forward electric phase and keeps the temperature unchanged, wherein x is the Curie temperature of the KTN crystal.
And applying bias voltage to the KTN crystal by taking 200V as a step length until the bias voltage applied to the KTN crystal reaches, avoiding damaging the crystal until the voltage reaches a target value, and maintaining for 40-60 min. The bias voltage applied to the KTN crystal is changed to adjust the frequency of the electric signal to be filtered.
And (3) cooling the KTN crystal to room temperature (18-26 ℃) at a constant speed of 0.5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 6-8 hours, and delaying the depolarization time of the crystal as much as possible to finish the polarization of the KTN crystal, thereby obtaining the KTN crystal with a stable ferroelectric domain structure. In addition, other polarization modes such as illumination polarization and alternating current polarization can be used to improve the polarization state of the crystal.
During polarization, new domains nucleate, combine and expand. The KTN crystal before polarization, domain walls, remain present, but are very compact and do not exhibit properties that particularly affect the light transmission of the crystal. KTN crystals polarized at 500V/mm dc voltage exhibit many ferroelectric domain walls of larger size, but the ferroelectric domain volume is still not large enough. KTN crystals polarized by 1000V/mm direct current voltage form a larger ferroelectric domain structure, but depolarization occurs after the crystals are placed for a period of time, and are not suitable for being used as filter crystals. After the crystal is polarized under 1500V/mm direct current voltage, a larger ferroelectric domain is formed in the KTN crystal, the light-transmitting performance is good, and the crystal does not have obvious depolarization phenomenon after being placed for a period of time and can be used as a crystal used in a filtering process.
The dielectric resonance effect of KTN crystals means that the relative permittivity of KTN crystals changes drastically at a certain frequency after polarization. The relative dielectric constant spectrum of the KTN crystal after polarization under the voltage of 1kV/mm is shown as figure 1, the ferroelectric domain structure stabilized after polarization induces a strong resonance effect, the dielectric resonance frequency is 850kHz, the dielectric resonance frequency is related to the ferroelectric domain state of the crystal, and the change of the dielectric resonance frequency of the crystal can be caused by changing the applied direct-current bias voltage.
The electro-optic resonance refers to the phenomenon that the ferroelectric phase KTN resonates in a specific frequency electric field by a linear electro-optic effect, and fig. 2 shows the frequency dependence characteristic of the linear effective electro-optic coefficient of the same crystal, and the linear effective electro-optic coefficient is increased by 5 times and more than 2500pm/V when the linear effective electro-optic coefficient is not resonated at the resonance peak-850 kHz. The ferroelectric phase KTN is shown to be capable of obtaining a larger linear effective electro-optic coefficient through resonance, and can meet the scene requirement of low modulation voltage. The electro-optic resonant frequency of the KTN crystal has a direct corresponding relation with the filtering frequency, and tuning of the resonant frequency can be realized by controlling the ferroelectric domain single-domain state in an externally-applied bias mode. Table 1 shows the correspondence between bias voltage and resonant frequency, under the action of bias voltage of 0-400V, the resonant frequency tuning range of 100kHz can be achieved, and by changing the crystal size ratio, the change of the tunable frequency range can be achieved.
Table 1 resonant frequencies corresponding to different bias voltages
Furthermore, the electric signal input can be filtered by using the electro-optic resonance effect of the KTN crystal, as shown in FIG. 3, the resonance frequency of the crystal is usually between 500kHz and 1MHz, and the filtering frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of the crystal.
And respectively arranging an electrode at two opposite side walls of the KTN crystal, and applying an electric signal to be filtered to the electrode. The light source is incident into the KTN crystal through a polaroid. The wavelength range of the KTN crystal is 400nm to 4000nm, the input light source only needs to be in the range, and the stability of the external environment is kept so that the resonance frequency of the KTN crystal is kept unchanged. The input electric signal influences the electric field inside the crystal through the electrode, the internal refractive index of the KTN crystal changes due to the electro-optic effect of the KTN crystal, and the phase of the input light wave is influenced, so that the signal of the input electrode can be reflected in the phase of the light wave after the KTN crystal passes through the input electrode, the linear electro-optic coefficient of the polarized KTN crystal at the resonance frequency is far higher than other frequencies due to the boundary oscillation of the ferroelectric domain, and therefore the voltage required by electro-optic modulation at the resonance frequency is greatly different from other frequencies, and the phase change of the output light wave at the resonance frequency of the crystal is greatly caused. The outgoing light of the KTN crystal passes through the other polaroid, the phase change is reflected into the light intensity change after passing through the polaroid, the optical signal carrying the information of the electric signal after filtering is obtained, and the electric signal is filtered. The optical signal carrying the filtered electric signal information is incident to the photoelectric detector, and the signal intensity at the resonance frequency can be identified after the optical signal is received by the photoelectric detector and is subjected to Fourier transform processing. Thus, the mounted electric signal exhibits a large gain in the vicinity of the crystal resonance frequency, and a filtering effect is achieved. After the external bias voltage is changed, the filtering of signals with different frequencies can be realized.
Because of the complex factors influencing the single-domain state of the ferroelectric domain of the crystal, the resonant frequency design is unique, so that a physical encryption method can be formed, the signal subjected to the electric-optical resonance modulation of the KTN crystal still needs to be subjected to the crystal with the same resonant frequency when the signal is analyzed, the crystal is difficult to copy, and the encryption effect is achieved. Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an encryption process, where after the information is encrypted by KTN crystals, an optical signal carrying the filtered electrical signal information is incident to a receiving end through a transmission medium. Since the encryption receiving end cannot directly identify information, the encryption receiving end needs to assist in decoding through a KTN crystal with the same electro-optic resonance response frequency as that of the encryption crystal, and the effect of physical encryption is achieved. The receiving end is another KTN crystal with the same dielectric resonance frequency as the KTN crystal, so that decryption is realized.
Example 1: inputting rectangular wave signal with 50% duty cycle and 10kHz
Using 632.8nm helium-neon laser as input light source, inputting electric signal to electrode, connecting the electrode to oscillograph to detect input signal waveform, connecting the photoelectric detector to oscillograph to detect output waveform, then using a KTN crystal which is kept at 630kHz resonance frequency at room temperature to make electro-optic modulation to its light intensity, receiving output light intensity signal by photoelectric detector, and then observing and recording its waveform on oscillograph. The waveform of the input signal on the oscilloscope is shown in fig. 5 (a), and the waveform of the output signal is shown in fig. 5 (b).
And then, respectively carrying out data processing on the input signal and the output signal acquired on the oscilloscope to obtain corresponding frequency spectrums, and observing the frequency spectrums. The fast fourier transform algorithm is adopted, the calculation result is processed appropriately, the frequency amplitude obtained by transformation is removed from the imaginary part, and normalization is performed, so that the input signal spectrogram 5 (c) and the output signal spectrogram 5 (d) can be obtained.
The output spectrum after KTN crystal is found to be significantly larger at about 630 kHz. In combination with the spectrum of the input electrical signal, it can be basically determined that the current KTN crystal sample achieves gain for the 630kHz portion of the input rectangular wave signal, and can achieve filtering for the 630kHz signal.
Example 2: inputting rectangular wave signal with 20% duty cycle and 10kHz
The waveforms of the input signal and the output signal on the oscilloscope are shown in fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b), respectively, in the same manner as in example 1. When rectangular waves with the duty ratio of 20% are input, the KTN crystal samples have better filtering phenomenon because the frequency division amplitude of the input signals exactly matches the current filtering frequency. After obtaining the corresponding input spectrogram 6 (c) and output spectrogram 6 (d), the frequency response at the input 20% duty cycle can be calculated according to the obtained input spectrogram 6 (c) and the obtained output spectrogram 6 (d). According to the spectrum in the figure, at a rectangular wave input of 20% duty cycle at a frequency of 10kHz, the frequency response peak of the KTN crystal sample is at 630kHz with a half width at half maximum of less than 4kHz. According to specific frequency response values, the frequency response at 630kHz can reach 103 times of that at the non-resonance position, the signal suppression ratio is 30dB, and better signal filtering and encryption can be realized.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. A tunable signal filtering and encrypting method based on electro-optical resonance effect is characterized in that,
two opposite side walls of the KTN crystal are respectively provided with an electrode, and an electric signal to be filtered is applied to the electrode;
the light source is incident into the KTN crystal through one polaroid, and the emergent light of the KTN crystal passes through the other polaroid to obtain an optical signal carrying the information of the electric signal after filtering, so that the electric signal is filtered and encrypted;
the KTN crystal is a KTN crystal with a stable ferroelectric domain structure after polarization treatment, and the frequency of an electric signal to be filtered is adjusted by changing the bias voltage applied to the KTN crystal in the polarization treatment process.
2. The method for filtering and encrypting a tunable signal based on an electro-optical resonance effect according to claim 1, wherein the polarization processing is as follows:
placing the annealed KTN crystal in a high-temperature furnace, and uniformly heating the temperature of the KTN crystal to (x+10) DEG C to (x+20) DEG C by the high-temperature furnace, so that the KTN crystal enters a paraelectric phase and keeps the temperature unchanged, wherein x is the Curie temperature of the KTN crystal;
applying bias voltage to the KTN crystal by taking 200V as step length until the bias voltage applied to the KTN crystal reaches a target value, and keeping for 40-60 min, wherein different target values of the bias voltage correspond to different filtered electric signal frequencies;
and (3) uniformly cooling the temperature of the KTN crystal to room temperature and keeping the temperature for 6 to 8 hours to complete the polarization of the KTN crystal.
3. A tunable signal filtering and encryption method based on electro-optical resonance effect according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that,
the optical signal carrying the filtered electrical signal information is incident to the photoelectric detector to obtain a filtered electrical signal.
4. A tunable signal filtering and encryption method based on electro-optical resonance effect according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that,
the optical signal carrying the filtered electric signal information is incident to a receiving end through a transmission medium, so that the electric signal is decrypted;
the receiving end is another KTN crystal with the same dielectric resonance frequency as the KTN crystal.
5. The method for filtering and encrypting tunable signals based on electro-optical resonance effect according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wavelength of light passing through the KTN crystal is 400nm to 4000nm.
6. A tunable signal filtering and encryption method based on electro-optical resonance effects according to claim 2, characterized in that the target value of the bias voltage is 1500V/mm.
7. The method for filtering and encrypting a tunable signal based on an electro-optical resonance effect according to claim 2, wherein the heating rate of the high-temperature furnace is 1 ℃/min.
8. The method for filtering and encrypting a tunable signal based on an electro-optical resonance effect according to claim 7, wherein the cooling rate of the high temperature furnace is 0.5 ℃/min.
9. The method for filtering and encrypting a tunable signal based on an electro-optical resonance effect according to claim 8, wherein said room temperature is 18 ℃ to 26 ℃.
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