CN117169070B - Self-calibration dust concentration online detector and working method - Google Patents
Self-calibration dust concentration online detector and working method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-calibration dust concentration online detector and a working method thereof, wherein a self-calibration model consists of an optical detection model and an oscillating balance detection model, and in the whole dust concentration detection process, an optical measurement system is in a continuous running state, and detection data are fed back to the optical detection model to finally output real-time dust concentration data; the vibration balance measuring system is in a periodic running state, detection data are fed back to the vibration balance detecting model and the dust concentration detected by the vibration balance is output when the vibration balance measuring system runs each time, then the self-calibration system can update parameters of the optical detecting model timely according to the accurate dust concentration output by the vibration balance detecting model every time the vibration measuring system runs periodically, adjustment and iteration of the parameters of the optical detecting model are achieved, the updated optical detecting model is obtained, and therefore new data change can be adapted, and even if a detecting environment or equipment to be tested generates larger dust concentration change, accurate dust concentration measurement can be carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dust detector and a working method, in particular to a self-calibration dust concentration on-line detector and a working method, and belongs to the technical field of dust monitoring.
Background
Dust produced by industrial and mining enterprises refers to solid particulates produced in industrial and mining production processes, and the particulates are derived from various activities such as raw material processing, mechanical operation in the processing process, material conveying, combustion and the like. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of industrial and mineral dust can have serious impact on the health of workers, and different types of dust can cause different health problems including respiratory diseases, skin problems, eye irritation, allergic reactions, and the like. Long-term inhalation of dust can also cause pneumoconiosis, which can lead to dyspnea, cough, reduced lung function, etc. In addition, some industrial and mining dust is flammable, and when the dust forms a flammable mixture in air, a fire or explosion may be initiated, resulting in a significant loss of life. Therefore, accurate real-time dust monitoring is a precondition and key measure for realizing effective prevention and control of dust.
In the prior art, the dust monitoring device used in industrial and mining enterprises mostly adopts the light scattering principle, and although the light scattering dust monitoring device is widely applied to the industrial and mining enterprises, the dust monitoring device has some defects. First, its sensitivity is limited by particle size and density, and ultrafine dust and low density dust cannot be monitored. Secondly, the monitoring result is easy to be influenced by environmental factors, such as humidity, temperature, air pressure and the like, the magnitude traceability is poor, and in the long-time continuous monitoring process, the problems of optical window pollution, instrument drift and the like are easy to occur, so that the measurement accuracy is reduced. In addition, because of the dust fall requirements of the working environment, a large number of atomized droplets are often contained around the spray dust fall site or in the wind flow, which results in no guarantee of the accuracy of the detection results in the site. In addition, the current dust monitoring equipment needs to be calibrated manually at regular intervals, if calibration rules are not performed, the monitoring errors are increased continuously, the accuracy is reduced rapidly finally, and extra manpower and material resource investment is added in the regular calibration.
TEOM (i.e. oscillating balance) is a direct-reading type monitoring method, pretreatment is not needed, dust in air can be directly monitored, the method can realize rapid and accurate monitoring, the method is not interfered by dust properties, more timely and comprehensive monitoring data can be provided, the existing TEOM is limited by the limitation requirement of the bearing capacity of a filter membrane, the single use time is not long (i.e. continuous monitoring cannot be performed), and the TEOM cannot achieve the same real-time output dust concentration value as that of the dust monitoring equipment based on the light scattering principle. In addition, in the existing research, a batch data processing mode is mostly adopted to correct the light scattering equipment by using the TEOM, but the method cannot update the parameters of the light scattering model in real time, the dust concentration correction effect on time change is insufficient in the field test, and a large amount of calculation resources are consumed for updating the optical model each time.
From the above, the two dust concentration measurement principles of TEOM and light scattering have advantages and disadvantages, so as to greatly improve the dust concentration detection accuracy of the optical detection system, and adapt to new data changes, and even if the detection environment or the device to be tested generates larger dust concentration changes, accurate dust concentration measurement can be performed. Therefore, a new detector and a new method are urgently needed at present, and parameters of an optical detection model are updated in real time according to accurate dust concentration output by an oscillating balance detection model in a mode of fusing two dust concentration detection principles, so that adjustment and iteration of the parameters of the optical detection model are realized, real-time sustainability and accuracy of dust concentration monitoring are guaranteed, and the detector and the method are one of research directions in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the self-calibration dust concentration online detector and the working method, and the two dust concentration detection principles are fused, so that the parameters of the optical detection model are updated immediately according to the accurate dust concentration output by the oscillation balance detection model, the adjustment and iteration of the parameters of the optical detection model are realized, and the real-time sustainability and the accuracy of dust concentration monitoring are ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the self-calibration dust concentration on-line detector comprises a shell, an aerosol drying system, an optical measurement system, an oscillation balance measurement system, a flow control system, a self-calibration system and a power supply system;
the shell is provided with a main air inlet and a main air outlet, the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system, the flow control system and the power supply system are all arranged in the shell, and the main air inlet is connected with the optical measurement system through a main air path and is used for conveying dust particles to the optical measurement system;
the aerosol drying system is used for injecting drying gas into the main gas path to adjust the relative humidity of the gas in the main gas path;
The optical measurement system is used for detecting dust concentration in air flow entering through the main air passage, the exhaust port of the optical measurement system is respectively connected with two ports of the three-way joint through the first measurement air passage and the second measurement air passage, the oscillating balance measurement system is arranged on the first measurement air passage, and the remaining ports of the three-way joint are connected with the main exhaust port through an exhaust pipeline;
the oscillating balance measurement system is used for detecting the dust concentration in the passing airflow;
the flow control system is used for adjusting the air flow entering the optical measurement system and the oscillating balance measurement system and comprises an electric ball valve, a first mass flow controller, a second mass flow controller, a fourth temperature and humidity sensor and a vacuum pump, wherein the electric ball valve is arranged at the joint of the discharge port of the optical measurement system and the first measurement air circuit and the second measurement air circuit and is used for switching on and off of the optical measurement system and the first measurement air circuit or the second measurement air circuit; the first mass flow controller and the second mass flow controller are respectively arranged on the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path and are respectively used for acquiring and controlling the gas flow in the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path; the fourth temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the first measuring gas path and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity value of the gas entering the oscillating balance measuring system; the vacuum pump is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and used for controlling the gas flow in the main gas path, the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path;
The self-calibration system is connected with the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system and the flow control system, and is used for controlling the aerosol drying system and the flow control system, acquiring detection data fed back by the optical measurement system and the oscillating balance measurement system, and outputting real-time dust concentration data after analysis processing;
the power supply system is used for supplying power to the whole online detector.
Further, a particle size cutter is arranged at the main air inlet and is used for screening the particle size of dust entering the main air channel. The particle size cutter is a cyclone particle size cutter based on the principle, and dust concentration in different particle size ranges can be measured rapidly by replacing the particle size cutting head.
Further, the aerosol drying system comprises a first gas branch, a second gas branch, a first temperature and humidity sensor, a second temperature and humidity sensor, a third temperature and humidity sensor, a first silica gel drying pipe, a second silica gel drying pipe, a first HEPA filter and a second HEPA filter, wherein the first gas branch and the second gas branch are perpendicular to the direction of a main gas path and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main gas path, a first air inlet and a second air inlet are respectively formed on two sides of the shell, the first air inlet is connected with the main gas path through the first gas branch, the second air inlet is connected with the main gas path through the second gas branch, the first temperature and humidity sensor, the first silica gel drying pipe and the first HEPA filter are all arranged on the first gas branch, the first temperature and humidity sensor is closest to the main gas path, and the first HEPA filter is closest to the first air inlet; the second temperature and humidity sensor, the second silica gel drying tube and the second HEPA filter are all arranged on the second gas branch path, the second temperature and humidity sensor is closest to the main gas path, and the second HEPA filter is closest to the second gas inlet; the first temperature and humidity sensor and the second temperature and humidity sensor are respectively used for monitoring the temperature and humidity values of the gas flowing into the main gas circuit from the first gas branch and the second gas branch; the first silica gel drying pipe and the second silica gel drying pipe are respectively used for drying the passing gas; the first HEPA filter and the second HEPA filter are respectively used for carrying out impurity removal treatment on the passing gas, and the third temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the main gas path between the optical measurement system and the junction of the first gas branch and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity value of the mixed gas.
Further, the optical measurement system comprises a measurement light chamber, a laser, a lens group, an optical trap and a laser detection matrix, wherein an inlet of the measurement light chamber is connected with a main gas path; the laser is arranged on one side in the measuring light chamber, the lens group is arranged at the front end of the laser in the emitting direction, the focal point of the lens group is positioned at the central position of the measuring light chamber, and dust-containing gas enters the measuring light chamber through the main gas path and passes through the focal point of the lens group; a laser detection matrix is arranged on the other side of the measuring light chamber with the same horizontal height as the laser; the laser detection matrix consists of a plurality of silicon photocells at different positions, wherein a silicon photocell is arranged at the same height as the laser to measure the absorption degree of dust-containing gas on the laser intensity, and a plurality of groups of equidistant silicon photocells are respectively arranged above and below the silicon photocell to collect front-end scattered light and rear-end scattered light generated by dust particles; the optical trap is arranged at the rear part of the laser detection matrix and is used for absorbing laser reaching the position, so that cross interference among different silicon photocells in the same measuring light chamber is avoided, and the signal to noise ratio is improved.
Further, the oscillating balance measuring system comprises an oscillating tube, magnetic steel, a Hall sensor, an oscillating driving module, a high-precision frequency measuring module and a filter membrane support, wherein the oscillating tube is of a conical steel structure, the section of the air inlet is small, and the section of the air outlet is large. The magnetic steel is distributed on two sides of the oscillating tube in an axisymmetric mode and is tightly adhered to the two sides of the oscillating tube; the vibration driving module and the center of the magnetic steel are positioned on the same horizontal line, and the driving module generates driving force to the magnetic steel so as to drive the vibration tube to perform constant-amplitude vibration; the Hall sensor is vertically arranged, the Hall sensor and the magnetic steel are positioned at the same height, the center of the Hall sensor is opposite to the center of the section of the oscillating tube, and the Hall sensor is connected with the high-precision frequency measuring module; the high-precision frequency measurement module adopts an FPGA to perform data acquisition and frequency measurement; the filter membrane support is of a thin-wall round platform structure, the upper end of the filter membrane support is provided with a filter membrane, the lower end of the filter membrane support is sleeved on the upper part of the oscillating tube, and the filter membrane support is connected with the first mass flow controller through a pipeline.
The self-calibration system comprises a display screen, an information acquisition device, a control module, a data processing module and a data transmission device, wherein the information acquisition device is used for respectively acquiring monitoring data fed back by the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system and the flow control system and transmitting the monitoring data to the control module through the data transmission device, the control module feeds back the monitoring data to the data processing module, the data processing module is internally provided with a self-calibration model which consists of a dust concentration optical detection model and a dust concentration oscillating balance detection model, the dust concentration optical detection model is used for outputting a dust concentration detection value according to the monitoring data fed back by the optical measurement system, the dust concentration oscillating balance detection model is used for outputting a dust concentration oscillating balance detection value according to the monitoring data fed back by the oscillating balance measurement system, iterating and updating the dust concentration optical detection model, and finally outputting a corrected dust concentration detection value; the display screen is arranged on the surface of the shell, is connected with the data processing module and is used for displaying the real-time dust concentration detection value.
Further, the power supply system comprises a power plug, a storage battery and a charging management module, wherein the power plug and the storage battery are connected with the charging management module, the charging management module supplies power for the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system, the flow control system and the self-calibration system, and when the power supply is normal, the power plug is connected with an external power supply, and supplies power for the whole detector through the external power supply, and meanwhile the storage battery is charged, and when sudden power failure occurs outside, the storage battery takes over the power supply circuit to continue supplying power for the whole detector.
The working method of the self-calibration dust concentration on-line detector comprises the following specific steps:
A. laying a detector: placing the online detector in an environment to be tested, and selecting a required particle size cutter for installation according to the particle size of the dust target to be tested, so as to complete layout work;
B. debugging the internal monitoring environment: the method comprises the steps that an external power supply is connected through a power plug, an on-line detector is started, an electric ball valve is controlled to switch, an optical measurement system is disconnected from a first measurement gas path and is communicated with a second measurement gas path, at the moment, a first temperature and humidity sensor, a second temperature and humidity sensor, a third temperature and humidity sensor, a vacuum pump, a second mass flow controller and a control module start to work, dust-containing gas enters a main gas path after being screened by a particle size cutter, meanwhile, the vacuum pump applies negative pressure to the main gas path, so that the first gas inlet and the second gas inlet respectively inhale surrounding gas, the gas firstly passes through a first HEPA filter or a second HEPA filter for impurity removal treatment, then passes through a first silica gel drying pipe or a second silica gel drying pipe for drying treatment, and then enters the main gas path to be mixed with the dust-containing gas, and the humidity value of the dust-containing gas is reduced; reading data of the first temperature and humidity sensor and the second temperature and humidity sensor, controlling the flow of the second measuring gas path by adjusting the second mass flow controller according to the flow data of the second mass flow controller until the relative humidity of the gas after the main gas path monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor is lower than 20%, and the flow meets the flow requirement of the cutter with the required particle size, so as to finish debugging work; if the relative humidity value of the main air path monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor is continuously higher than 20%, and meanwhile, the relative humidity values monitored by the first temperature and humidity sensor and the second temperature and humidity sensor are continuously higher than 20%, which means that the first silica gel drying pipe and the second silica gel drying pipe need to be replaced, the control module sends out replacement reminding;
C. Monitoring the dust concentration: firstly, an optical detection model is built by collecting laser information data output by a laser detection matrix under different temperature and humidity gas environments and different dust concentrations; then, by confirming the relation between the oscillation frequency of the oscillation element and the load of the oscillation element in different temperature and humidity environments, an oscillation balance detection model is built; inputting the optical detection model and the oscillating balance detection model into a data processing module, forming a self-calibration model together, and setting a detection time point of an oscillating balance measurement system; when the dust concentration monitoring is started, the optical measurement system is started to monitor the dust concentration, detected laser signals are transmitted to the self-calibration model of the data processing module, a real-time dust concentration value is output through the optical detection model, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity data of the main air channel monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor are used as correction factors to correct the dust concentration data; the detected gas is discharged out of the detector through a second measuring gas path and an exhaust pipeline, and does not pass through an oscillating balance measuring system in the current process;
D. self-calibrating model iteration and update: starting dust concentration monitoring, continuously timing by the data processing module, switching through an electric ball valve when the timing reaches a set detection time point of the oscillating balance measuring system, disconnecting the optical measuring system from the second measuring air path and communicating with the first measuring air path, starting the oscillating balance measuring system, the first mass flow controller and the fourth temperature and humidity sensor, and stopping the second mass flow controller; at the moment, the first mass flow controller controls the flow of the air circuit so that the equipment is in a constant-current state during test; the oscillating balance measuring system and the optical measuring system both transmit the monitored data to the data processing module, and the specific process is as follows: the temperature and humidity data of the gas entering the oscillation measurement system, which is measured by the fourth temperature and humidity sensor, are dynamically driven by an oscillation driving module in the oscillation balance measurement system to generate driving force so as to drive the oscillation tube to start stable oscillation, the Hall sensor receives a magnetic field intensity change signal and converts the magnetic field intensity change signal into an alternating voltage signal, and the high-precision frequency measurement module receives the alternating voltage signal transmitted by the Hall sensor to accurately measure the oscillation frequency; dust particles deposited on the filter membrane can change the load of the oscillating tube and further change the resonant frequency of the oscillating tube, and the high-precision frequency measurement module rapidly and accurately records the frequency change of the oscillating tube; transmitting a frequency signal to a self-calibration model, outputting a dust concentration oscillation balance detection value by a dust concentration oscillation balance detection model of the self-calibration model according to monitoring data fed back by an oscillation balance measurement system, correcting the measured dust concentration by adopting temperature and humidity data of gas entering the oscillation measurement system, which is measured by a fourth temperature and humidity sensor, as a correction factor, iterating and updating the dust concentration optical detection model by adopting the value, outputting the dust concentration detection value by the updated dust concentration optical detection model according to the monitoring data fed back by the optical measurement system, and displaying in real time by a display screen; thereby completing the one-time self-calibration model iteration and updating process, controlling the electric ball valve to switch at the moment, disconnecting the optical measurement system from the first measurement gas path and communicating the optical measurement system with the second measurement gas path, restarting timing by the data processing module, and repeating the dust concentration monitoring process of the step C;
E. Filtration membrane replacement reminding: setting a frequency threshold in the control module, comparing the oscillation frequency fed back by the oscillation balance measuring system with the set frequency threshold according to the last acquisition of the oscillation frequency when the oscillation balance measuring system is not in a working state, and sending out a filter membrane replacement prompt if the oscillation frequency is lower than the frequency threshold;
F. dust concentration monitoring is continuously carried out: in the continuous monitoring process, the optical measurement system continuously monitors and feeds back data according to the step C, and then continuously outputs a real-time dust concentration value through the dust concentration optical detection model in the self-calibration model, wherein when the timing reaches the detection time point of the oscillating balance measurement system, the step D is repeated for iteration and update of the self-calibration model, and the updated dust concentration optical detection model is adopted for subsequent calculation of the real-time dust concentration value, so that continuous real-time and accurate dust concentration monitoring is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the method adopts a mode of combining an aerosol drying system, an optical measurement system, an oscillating balance measurement system, a flow control system, a self-calibration system and a power supply system, a self-calibration model is arranged in the self-calibration system and consists of an optical detection model and an oscillating balance detection model, wherein the optical detection model is built by collecting laser information data output by a laser detection matrix under different temperature and humidity gas environments and different dust concentrations, so that the dust concentration is monitored on line; the oscillating balance detection model is established by confirming the relation between the oscillating frequency of the oscillating element and the load of the oscillating element in environments with different humiture, so that the accurate monitoring of dust concentration is realized; in the whole dust concentration detection process, the optical measurement system is in a continuous running state, detection data are fed back to the optical detection model, and real-time dust concentration data are finally output; the vibration balance measurement system is in a periodic operation state, detection data are fed back to the vibration balance detection model and the dust concentration detected by the vibration balance is output when the vibration balance measurement system runs each time, then the self-calibration model adopts an online learning mode, and when the vibration measurement system runs periodically, the self-calibration system can update the parameters of the optical detection model in real time according to the accurate dust concentration output by the vibration balance detection model, so that the adjustment and iteration of the parameters of the optical detection model are realized, and an updated optical detection model is obtained and used for the subsequent dust concentration analysis output; the invention realizes the fusion of two dust concentration detection principles, retains the advantages of the two dust concentration detection principles and overcomes the disadvantages of the two dust concentration detection principles; the method has the advantages of continuity and good instantaneity of the optical measurement system, dust concentration detection is continuously realized, the characteristics that the vibration balance measurement system is less influenced by external environment and is accurate are utilized, primary detection is periodically carried out, and the parameter of the optical detection model is iterated and updated by the dust concentration value which is detected and output, so that the dust concentration detection precision of the optical detection system can be greatly improved, new data change can be adapted, and even if the detection environment or equipment to be tested generates larger dust concentration change, accurate dust concentration measurement can be carried out, and better robustness is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall construction diagram of a detector according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the detector of the present invention.
In the figure: the particle size measuring device comprises a 1-particle size cutter, a 2-display screen, a 3-first temperature and humidity sensor, a 4-second temperature and humidity sensor, a 5-third temperature and humidity sensor, a 6-first silica gel drying tube, a 7-second silica gel drying tube, an 8-first HEPA filter, a 9-second HEPA filter, a 10-measuring light chamber, an 11-laser, a 12-lens group, a 13-light trap, a 14-laser detection matrix, a 15-electric ball valve, a 16-fourth temperature and humidity sensor, a 17-first mass flow controller, a 18-second mass flow controller, a 19-three-way connector, a 20-vacuum pump, a 21-oscillating tube, 22-magnetic steel, a 23-Hall sensor, a 24-oscillating driving module, a 25-high-precision frequency measuring module, a 26-filter holder, a 27-information acquisition device, a 28-control module, a 29-data processing module, a 30-data transmission device, a 31-charging management module, a 32-group storage battery, a 33-power plug and a 34-shell.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, a self-calibrating dust concentration on-line detector includes a housing 34, an aerosol drying system, an optical measurement system, an oscillating balance measurement system, a flow control system, a self-calibrating system, and a power supply system;
The shell 34 is provided with a main air inlet and a main air outlet, the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system, the flow control system and the power supply system are all arranged in the shell 34, and the main air inlet is connected with the optical measurement system through a main air path and is used for conveying dust particles to the optical measurement system; the main air inlet is provided with a particle size cutter 1 for screening the particle size of dust entering the main air channel. The particle size cutter 1 is a cyclone particle size cutter based on the principle, and the dust concentration in different particle size ranges can be measured rapidly by replacing the particle size cutting head.
The aerosol drying system is used for injecting drying gas into the main gas path to adjust the relative humidity of the gas in the main gas path; the device comprises a first gas branch, a second gas branch, a first temperature and humidity sensor 3, a second temperature and humidity sensor 4, a third temperature and humidity sensor 5, a first silica gel drying pipe 6, a second silica gel drying pipe 7, a first HEPA filter 8 and a second HEPA filter 9, wherein the first gas branch and the second gas branch are perpendicular to the direction of a main gas path and are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the main gas path, a first air inlet and a second air inlet are respectively formed at two sides of a shell 34, the first air inlet is connected with the main gas path through the first gas branch, the second air inlet is connected with the main gas path through the second gas branch, the first temperature and humidity sensor 3, the first silica gel drying pipe 6 and the first HEPA filter 8 are all arranged on the first gas branch, the first temperature and humidity sensor 3 is closest to the main gas path, and the first HEPA filter 8 is closest to the first air inlet; the second temperature and humidity sensor 4, the second silica gel drying tube 7 and the second HEPA filter 9 are all arranged on the second gas branch, the second temperature and humidity sensor 4 is closest to the main gas path, and the second HEPA filter 8 is closest to the second gas inlet; the first temperature and humidity sensor 3 and the second temperature and humidity sensor 4 are respectively used for monitoring the temperature and humidity values of the gas flowing into the main gas path from the first gas branch and the second gas branch; the first silica gel drying pipe 6 and the second silica gel drying pipe 7 are respectively used for drying the passing gas; the first HEPA filter 8 and the second HEPA filter 9 are respectively used for removing impurities from the passing gas, and the third temperature and humidity sensor 5 is arranged on a main gas path between the optical measurement system and the junction of the first gas branch and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity value of the mixed gas.
The optical measurement system is used for detecting dust concentration in air flow entering through a main air passage, and comprises a measurement light chamber 10, a laser 11, a lens group 12, an optical trap 13 and a laser detection matrix 14, wherein an inlet of the measurement light chamber 10 is connected with the main air passage; the laser 11 is arranged at one side in the measuring light chamber 10, the lens group 12 is arranged at the front end of the emitting direction of the laser 11, the focal point of the lens group 12 is positioned at the central position of the measuring light chamber 10, and dust-containing gas enters the measuring light chamber 10 through the main gas path and passes through the focal point of the lens group 12; a laser detection matrix 14 is arranged on the other side of the measuring light chamber 10 with the same level as the laser 11; the laser detection matrix 14 is composed of a plurality of silicon photocells at different positions, wherein a silicon photocell is installed at the same height as the laser 11 to measure the absorption degree of dust-containing gas to the laser intensity, and a plurality of groups of equidistant silicon photocells are installed above and below the silicon photocell to collect front-end scattered light and rear-end scattered light generated by dust particles; the optical trap 13 is arranged at the rear part of the laser detection matrix 14 and is used for absorbing laser reaching the position, so that cross interference among different silicon photocells in the same measuring optical chamber 10 is avoided, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved; the discharge port of the optical measurement system is respectively connected with two ports of the three-way joint 19 through a first measurement gas path and a second measurement gas path, the oscillating balance measurement system is arranged on the first measurement gas path, and the remaining ports of the three-way joint 19 are connected with a main exhaust port through an exhaust pipeline;
The oscillating balance measurement system is used for detecting the dust concentration in the passing airflow; the high-precision frequency measuring device comprises an oscillating tube 21, magnetic steel 22, a Hall sensor 23, an oscillating driving module 24, a high-precision frequency measuring module 25 and a filter membrane support 26, wherein the oscillating tube 21 is of a conical steel structure, the section of an air inlet is small, and the section of an air outlet is large. The magnetic steel 22 is distributed on two sides of the oscillating tube 21 in an axisymmetric mode and is tightly adhered to the two sides of the oscillating tube 21; the oscillation driving module 24 and the center of the magnetic steel 22 are positioned on the same horizontal line, and the oscillation driving module 24 generates driving force to the magnetic steel 22 so as to drive the oscillation tube 21 to perform constant-amplitude oscillation; the Hall sensor 23 is vertically arranged, the Hall sensor 23 and the magnetic steel 22 are positioned at the same height, the center of the Hall sensor 23 is opposite to the center of the section of the oscillating tube 21, and the Hall sensor 23 is connected with the high-precision frequency measuring module 25; the high-precision frequency measurement module 25 adopts an FPGA to perform data acquisition and frequency measurement; the filter membrane support 26 is of a thin-wall round platform structure, a filter membrane is placed at the upper end of the filter membrane support 26, the lower end of the filter membrane support is sleeved on the upper portion of the oscillating tube 21, and the filter membrane support 26 is connected with the first mass flow controller 17 through a pipeline.
The flow control system is used for adjusting the air flow entering the optical measurement system and the oscillating balance measurement system and comprises an electric ball valve 15, a first mass flow controller 17, a second mass flow controller 18, a fourth temperature and humidity sensor 16 and a vacuum pump 20, wherein the electric ball valve 15 is arranged at the joint of the discharge port of the optical measurement system and the first measurement air path and the second measurement air path and is used for switching on and off of the optical measurement system and the first measurement air path or the second measurement air path; the first mass flow controller 17 and the second mass flow controller 18 are respectively arranged on the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path and are respectively used for acquiring and controlling the gas flow in the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path; the fourth temperature and humidity sensor 16 is arranged on the first measuring gas path and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity value of the gas entering the oscillating balance measuring system; the vacuum pump 20 is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and is used for controlling the gas flow in the main gas path, the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path;
the self-calibration system comprises a display screen 2, an information acquisition device 27, a control module 28, a data processing module 29 and a data transmission device 30, wherein the information acquisition device 27 respectively acquires monitoring data fed back by the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system and the flow control system, and transmits the monitoring data to the control module 28 through the data transmission device, the control module 28 feeds back the monitoring data to the data processing module 29, a self-calibration model is arranged in the data processing module 29 and consists of a dust concentration optical detection model and a dust concentration oscillating balance detection model, the dust concentration optical detection model is used for outputting a dust concentration detection value according to the monitoring data fed back by the optical measurement system, the dust concentration oscillating balance detection model is used for outputting a dust concentration oscillating balance detection value according to the monitoring data fed back by the oscillating balance measurement system, iterates and updates the dust concentration optical detection model, and finally outputs the corrected dust concentration detection value; the display screen 2 is mounted on the surface of the housing 34, and is connected with the data processing module 29, so as to display real-time dust concentration detection values.
The power supply system comprises a power plug 33, a storage battery pack 32 and a charging management module 31, wherein the power plug 33 and the storage battery pack 32 are connected with the charging management module 31, the charging management module 31 supplies power for an aerosol drying system, an optical measurement system, an oscillating balance measurement system, a flow control system and a self-calibration system, the power plug 33 is connected with an external power supply when the power supply is normal, the whole detector is powered through the external power supply, meanwhile, the storage battery pack 32 is charged, and when the external power is suddenly cut off, the storage battery pack 32 takes over a power supply circuit to continue to supply power for the whole detector.
The optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system and the power supply system are existing devices, all components in the flow control system are existing devices, all hardware devices in the self-calibration system are existing devices, and all the devices can be obtained through direct purchase in the market.
As shown in fig. 2, the working method of the self-calibration dust concentration on-line detector specifically comprises the following steps:
A. laying a detector: placing an online detector in an environment to be tested, and selecting a required particle size cutter 1 for installation according to the particle size of a dust target to be tested, so as to complete layout work;
B. Debugging the internal monitoring environment: the power plug 33 is connected with an external power supply, the on-line detector is started, the electric ball valve 15 is controlled to switch, the optical measurement system is disconnected from the first measurement air passage and is communicated with the second measurement air passage, at the moment, the first temperature and humidity sensor 3, the second temperature and humidity sensor 4, the third temperature and humidity sensor 5, the vacuum pump 20, the second mass flow controller 18 and the control module 28 start to work, dust-containing gas enters the main air passage after being screened by the particle size cutter 1, meanwhile, the vacuum pump applies negative pressure to the main air passage, so that the first air inlet and the second air inlet respectively inhale surrounding gas, and the gas firstly passes through the first HEPA filter 8 or the second HEPA filter 9 to remove impurities, then enters the main air passage to be mixed with the dust-containing gas after being dried by the first silica gel drying pipe 6 or the second silica gel drying pipe 7, and the humidity value of the dust-containing gas is reduced; reading data of the first temperature and humidity sensor 3 and the second temperature and humidity sensor 4, controlling the flow of the second measuring gas path by adjusting the second mass flow controller 18 according to the flow data of the second mass flow controller 18 until the relative humidity of the gas after the main gas path monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor 5 is lower than 20%, and the flow meets the flow requirement of the cutter 1 with the required particle size, and completing debugging work; if the relative humidity value of the main air path monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor 5 is continuously higher than 20%, and meanwhile, the relative humidity values monitored by the first temperature and humidity sensor 3 and the second temperature and humidity sensor 4 are continuously higher than 20%, which means that the first silica gel drying tube 6 and the second silica gel drying tube 7 need to be replaced, the control module sends out a replacement prompt;
C. Monitoring the dust concentration: firstly, an optical detection model is built by collecting laser information data output by a laser detection matrix under different temperature and humidity gas environments and different dust concentrations; then, by confirming the relation between the oscillation frequency of the oscillation element and the load of the oscillation element in different temperature and humidity environments, an oscillation balance detection model is built; inputting the optical detection model and the oscillating balance detection model into a data processing module, forming a self-calibration model together, and setting a detection time point of an oscillating balance measurement system; when starting dust concentration monitoring, the optical measurement system is started to monitor dust concentration, detected laser signals are transmitted to the self-calibration model of the data processing module, real-time dust concentration values are output through the optical detection model, and meanwhile, main air path temperature and humidity data monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor 5 are used as correction factors to correct dust concentration data; the detected gas is discharged out of the detector through a second measuring gas path and an exhaust pipeline, and does not pass through an oscillating balance measuring system in the current process;
D. self-calibrating model iteration and update: starting dust concentration monitoring, the data processing module 29 continuously counts time, and when the time reaches a set detection time point of the oscillating balance measuring system, the oscillating balance measuring system is switched through the electric ball valve 15, so that the optical measuring system is disconnected from the second measuring air path and is communicated with the first measuring air path, and meanwhile, the oscillating balance measuring system, the first mass flow controller 17 and the fourth temperature and humidity sensor 16 start to work, and the second mass flow controller 18 stops working; at this time, the first mass flow controller 17 controls the air path flow so that the equipment is in a constant current state during test; the oscillating balance measuring system and the optical measuring system both transmit the monitored data to the data processing module 29, and the specific process is as follows: the temperature and humidity data of the gas entering the oscillation measurement system, which is measured by the fourth temperature and humidity sensor 16, are measured by the oscillation driving module 24 in the oscillation balance measurement system, so that dynamic driving signals are generated, driving force is generated, the oscillation tube 21 is driven to start to perform stable oscillation, the Hall sensor 23 receives the magnetic field intensity change signals and converts the magnetic field intensity change signals into alternating voltage signals, and the high-precision frequency measurement module 25 receives the alternating voltage signals transmitted by the Hall sensor 23 to perform accurate measurement of oscillation frequency; dust particles deposited on the filter membrane can change the load of the oscillating tube 21 and further change the resonant frequency of the oscillating tube 21, and the high-precision frequency measurement module 25 rapidly and accurately records the frequency change of the oscillating tube 21; transmitting a frequency signal to a self-calibration model, outputting a dust concentration oscillation balance detection value by a dust concentration oscillation balance detection model of the self-calibration model according to monitoring data fed back by an oscillation balance measurement system, correcting the measured dust concentration by adopting temperature and humidity data of gas entering the oscillation measurement system, which is measured by a fourth temperature and humidity sensor 16, as a correction factor, iterating and updating a dust concentration optical detection model by adopting the value, outputting the dust concentration detection value by the updated dust concentration optical detection model according to the monitoring data fed back by the optical measurement system, and displaying in real time by a display screen; thereby completing a self-calibration model iteration and update process, at this time, the electric ball valve 15 is controlled to switch, so that the optical measurement system is disconnected from the first measurement gas path and is communicated with the second measurement gas path, the data processing module 29 restarts timing, and the dust concentration monitoring process of step C is repeated;
E. Filtration membrane replacement reminding: setting a frequency threshold in the control module 28, when the oscillating balance measuring system is not in a working state, comparing the oscillating frequency fed back by the oscillating balance measuring system obtained last time with the set frequency threshold by the control module 28, and if the oscillating frequency is lower than the frequency threshold, sending out a reminding of replacing the filter membrane;
F. dust concentration monitoring is continuously carried out: in the continuous monitoring process, the optical measurement system continuously monitors and feeds back data according to the step C, and then continuously outputs a real-time dust concentration value through the dust concentration optical detection model in the self-calibration model, wherein when the timing reaches the detection time point of the oscillating balance measurement system, the step D is repeated for iteration and update of the self-calibration model, and the updated dust concentration optical detection model is adopted for subsequent calculation of the real-time dust concentration value, so that continuous real-time and accurate dust concentration monitoring is realized.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The self-calibration dust concentration online detector is characterized by comprising a shell, an aerosol drying system, an optical measurement system, an oscillating balance measurement system, a flow control system, a self-calibration system and a power supply system;
the shell is provided with a main air inlet and a main air outlet, the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system, the flow control system and the power supply system are all arranged in the shell, and the main air inlet is connected with the optical measurement system through a main air path and is used for conveying dust particles to the optical measurement system;
the aerosol drying system is used for injecting drying gas into the main gas path to adjust the relative humidity of the gas in the main gas path;
the optical measurement system is used for detecting dust concentration in air flow entering through the main air passage, the exhaust port of the optical measurement system is respectively connected with two ports of the three-way joint through the first measurement air passage and the second measurement air passage, the oscillating balance measurement system is arranged on the first measurement air passage, and the remaining ports of the three-way joint are connected with the main exhaust port through an exhaust pipeline;
the oscillating balance measurement system is used for detecting the dust concentration in the passing airflow;
The flow control system is used for adjusting the air flow entering the optical measurement system and the oscillating balance measurement system and comprises an electric ball valve, a first mass flow controller, a second mass flow controller, a fourth temperature and humidity sensor and a vacuum pump, wherein the electric ball valve is arranged at the joint of the discharge port of the optical measurement system and the first measurement air circuit and the second measurement air circuit and is used for switching on and off of the optical measurement system and the first measurement air circuit or the second measurement air circuit; the first mass flow controller and the second mass flow controller are respectively arranged on the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path and are respectively used for acquiring and controlling the gas flow in the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path; the fourth temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the first measuring gas path and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity value of the gas entering the oscillating balance measuring system; the vacuum pump is arranged on the exhaust pipeline and used for controlling the gas flow in the main gas path, the first measuring gas path and the second measuring gas path;
the self-calibration system is connected with the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system and the flow control system, and is used for controlling the aerosol drying system and the flow control system, acquiring detection data fed back by the optical measurement system and the oscillating balance measurement system, and outputting real-time dust concentration data after analysis processing;
The power supply system is used for supplying power to the whole online detector.
2. The self-calibrating dust concentration on-line detector of claim 1, wherein a particle size cutter is mounted at the main air inlet for screening dust particle size entering the main air path.
3. The self-calibration dust concentration on-line detector according to claim 2, wherein the aerosol drying system comprises a first gas branch, a second gas branch, a first temperature and humidity sensor, a second temperature and humidity sensor, a third temperature and humidity sensor, a first silica gel drying tube, a second silica gel drying tube, a first HEPA filter and a second HEPA filter, wherein the first gas branch and the second gas branch are perpendicular to the direction of the main gas path and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main gas path, a first air inlet and a second air inlet are respectively formed on two sides of the shell, the first air inlet is connected with the main gas path through the first gas branch, the second air inlet is connected with the main gas path through the second gas branch, the first temperature and humidity sensor, the first silica gel drying tube and the first HEPA filter are all arranged on the first gas branch, the first temperature and humidity sensor is closest to the main gas path, and the first HEPA filter is closest to the first air inlet; the second temperature and humidity sensor, the second silica gel drying tube and the second HEPA filter are all arranged on the second gas branch path, the second temperature and humidity sensor is closest to the main gas path, and the second HEPA filter is closest to the second gas inlet; the first temperature and humidity sensor and the second temperature and humidity sensor are respectively used for monitoring the temperature and humidity values of the gas flowing into the main gas circuit from the first gas branch and the second gas branch; the first silica gel drying pipe and the second silica gel drying pipe are respectively used for drying the passing gas; the first HEPA filter and the second HEPA filter are respectively used for carrying out impurity removal treatment on the passing gas, and the third temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the main gas path between the optical measurement system and the junction of the first gas branch and is used for monitoring the temperature and humidity value of the mixed gas.
4. The self-calibrating dust concentration on-line detector of claim 1, wherein the optical measurement system comprises a measurement light chamber, a laser, a lens group, an optical trap and a laser detection matrix, and an inlet of the measurement light chamber is connected with a main gas path; the laser is arranged on one side in the measuring light chamber, the lens group is arranged at the front end of the laser in the emitting direction, the focal point of the lens group is positioned at the central position of the measuring light chamber, and dust-containing gas enters the measuring light chamber through the main gas path and passes through the focal point of the lens group; a laser detection matrix is arranged on the other side of the measuring light chamber with the same horizontal height as the laser; the laser detection matrix consists of a plurality of silicon photocells at different positions, wherein a silicon photocell is arranged at the same height as the laser to measure the absorption degree of dust-containing gas on the laser intensity, and a plurality of groups of equidistant silicon photocells are respectively arranged above and below the silicon photocell to collect front-end scattered light and rear-end scattered light generated by dust particles; the optical trap is arranged at the rear part of the laser detection matrix and is used for absorbing laser reaching the position, so that cross interference among different silicon photocells in the same measuring light chamber is avoided, and the signal to noise ratio is improved.
5. The self-calibration dust concentration on-line detector according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation balance measurement system comprises an oscillation tube, magnetic steel, a Hall sensor, an oscillation driving module, a high-precision frequency measurement module and a filter membrane holder, the oscillation tube is a conical steel structure oscillation tube, the section of an air inlet is small, the section of an air outlet is large, and the magnetic steel is distributed on two sides of the oscillation tube in an axisymmetric mode and is tightly adhered to two sides of the oscillation tube; the vibration driving module and the center of the magnetic steel are positioned on the same horizontal line, and the driving module generates driving force to the magnetic steel so as to drive the vibration tube to perform constant-amplitude vibration; the Hall sensor is vertically arranged, the Hall sensor and the magnetic steel are positioned at the same height, the center of the Hall sensor is opposite to the center of the section of the oscillating tube, and the Hall sensor is connected with the high-precision frequency measuring module; the filter membrane support is of a thin-wall round platform structure, the upper end of the filter membrane support is provided with a filter membrane, the lower end of the filter membrane support is sleeved on the upper part of the oscillating tube, and the filter membrane support is connected with the first mass flow controller through a pipeline.
6. The self-calibration dust concentration online detector according to claim 3, wherein the self-calibration system comprises a display screen, an information acquisition device, a control module, a data processing module and a data transmission device, wherein the information acquisition device respectively acquires monitoring data fed back by an aerosol drying system, an optical measurement system, an oscillation balance measurement system and a flow control system and transmits the monitoring data to the control module through the data transmission device, the control module feeds back the monitoring data to the data processing module, the data processing module is internally provided with a self-calibration model which consists of a dust concentration optical detection model and a dust concentration oscillation balance detection model, the dust concentration optical detection model is used for outputting a dust concentration detection value according to the monitoring data fed back by the optical measurement system, the dust concentration oscillation balance detection model is used for outputting a dust concentration oscillation balance detection value according to the monitoring data fed back by the oscillation measurement system, iterates and updates the dust concentration optical detection model, and finally outputs the corrected dust concentration detection value; the display screen is arranged on the surface of the shell, is connected with the data processing module and is used for displaying the real-time dust concentration detection value.
7. The self-calibrating dust concentration on-line detector according to claim 1, wherein the power supply system comprises a power plug, a storage battery pack and a charging management module, the power plug and the storage battery pack are connected with the charging management module, the charging management module supplies power to the aerosol drying system, the optical measurement system, the oscillating balance measurement system, the flow control system and the self-calibrating system, the power plug is connected with an external power supply to supply power to the whole detector through the external power supply, the storage battery pack is charged at the same time, and the storage battery pack takes over the power supply circuit to continue supplying power to the whole detector when sudden power failure occurs outside.
8. A method of operating a self-calibrating dust concentration on-line detector according to claim 6, comprising the specific steps of:
A. laying a detector: placing the online detector in an environment to be tested, and selecting a required particle size cutter for installation according to the particle size of the dust target to be tested, so as to complete layout work;
B. debugging the internal monitoring environment: the method comprises the steps that an external power supply is connected through a power plug, an on-line detector is started, an electric ball valve is controlled to switch, an optical measurement system is disconnected from a first measurement gas path and is communicated with a second measurement gas path, at the moment, a first temperature and humidity sensor, a second temperature and humidity sensor, a third temperature and humidity sensor, a vacuum pump, a second mass flow controller and a control module start to work, dust-containing gas enters a main gas path after being screened by a particle size cutter, meanwhile, the vacuum pump applies negative pressure to the main gas path, so that the first gas inlet and the second gas inlet respectively inhale surrounding gas, the gas firstly passes through a first HEPA filter or a second HEPA filter for impurity removal treatment, then passes through a first silica gel drying pipe or a second silica gel drying pipe for drying treatment, and then enters the main gas path to be mixed with the dust-containing gas, and the humidity value of the dust-containing gas is reduced; reading data of the first temperature and humidity sensor and the second temperature and humidity sensor, controlling the flow of the second measuring gas path by adjusting the second mass flow controller according to the flow data of the second mass flow controller until the relative humidity of the gas after the main gas path monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor is lower than 20%, and the flow meets the flow requirement of the cutter with the required particle size, so as to finish debugging work; if the relative humidity value of the main air path monitored by the third temperature and humidity sensor is continuously higher than 20%, and meanwhile, the relative humidity values monitored by the first temperature and humidity sensor and the second temperature and humidity sensor are continuously higher than 20%, which means that the first silica gel drying pipe and the second silica gel drying pipe need to be replaced, the control module sends out replacement reminding;
C. Monitoring the dust concentration: firstly, an optical detection model is built by collecting laser information data output by a laser detection matrix under different temperature and humidity gas environments and different dust concentrations; then, by confirming the relation between the oscillation frequency of the oscillation element and the load of the oscillation element in different temperature and humidity environments, an oscillation balance detection model is built; inputting the optical detection model and the oscillating balance detection model into a data processing module, forming a self-calibration model together, and setting a detection time point of an oscillating balance measurement system; when starting dust concentration monitoring, the optical measurement system starts to monitor dust concentration, and transmits the detected laser signals to the self-calibration model of the data processing module, and outputs a real-time dust concentration value through the optical detection model; the detected gas is discharged out of the detector through a second measuring gas path and an exhaust pipeline, and does not pass through an oscillating balance measuring system in the current process;
D. self-calibrating model iteration and update: starting dust concentration monitoring, continuously timing by the data processing module, switching through an electric ball valve when the timing reaches a set detection time point of the oscillating balance measuring system, disconnecting the optical measuring system from the second measuring air path and communicating with the first measuring air path, starting the oscillating balance measuring system, the first mass flow controller and the fourth temperature and humidity sensor, and stopping the second mass flow controller; at the moment, the first mass flow controller controls the flow of the air circuit so that the equipment is in a constant-current state during test; the system comprises an oscillation balance measurement system, an optical measurement system, a data processing module, a dust concentration oscillation balance detection model, a dust concentration optical detection model, a display screen and a display screen, wherein the oscillation balance measurement system and the optical measurement system both transmit monitored data to the data processing module; thereby completing the one-time self-calibration model iteration and updating process, controlling the electric ball valve to switch at the moment, disconnecting the optical measurement system from the first measurement gas path and communicating the optical measurement system with the second measurement gas path, restarting timing by the data processing module, and repeating the dust concentration monitoring process of the step C;
E. Filtration membrane replacement reminding: setting a frequency threshold in the control module, comparing the oscillation frequency fed back by the oscillation balance measuring system with the set frequency threshold according to the last acquisition of the oscillation frequency when the oscillation balance measuring system is not in a working state, and sending out a filter membrane replacement prompt if the oscillation frequency is lower than the frequency threshold;
F. dust concentration monitoring is continuously carried out: in the continuous monitoring process, the optical measurement system continuously monitors and feeds back data according to the step C, and then continuously outputs a real-time dust concentration value through the dust concentration optical detection model in the self-calibration model, wherein when the timing reaches the detection time point of the oscillating balance measurement system, the step D is repeated for iteration and update of the self-calibration model, and the updated dust concentration optical detection model is adopted for subsequent calculation of the real-time dust concentration value, so that continuous real-time and accurate dust concentration monitoring is realized.
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| CN114894686A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Real-time detection device and detection method for concentration and components of air particulate matters |
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| CN114894686A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Real-time detection device and detection method for concentration and components of air particulate matters |
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