CN117161530A - Fixed flash welding method for 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness rail joint - Google Patents
Fixed flash welding method for 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness rail joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN117161530A CN117161530A CN202311251864.6A CN202311251864A CN117161530A CN 117161530 A CN117161530 A CN 117161530A CN 202311251864 A CN202311251864 A CN 202311251864A CN 117161530 A CN117161530 A CN 117161530A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical group C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fixed flash welding method of a 60N390 HB-level high-hardness steel rail joint, which comprises the following steps of adopting a fixed flash welding machine to carry out the chemical composition: 0.80 to 0.84 percent, si:0.70 to 0.80 percent, mn:0.70 to 0.75 percent, cr:0.30 to 0.45 percent, nb:0.04 to 0.05 percent, RE:0.0010 to 0.0020 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, al is less than or equal to 0.004 percent of steel rail joints are welded without heat treatment after welding, and the mechanical properties of the welded joints meet the following conditions: average value H of joint hardness J Average value H of hardness of base material P Ratio of: h J /H P Not less than 0.92, average hardness H of joint soft points J1 Average value H of hardness of base material P Ratio of: h J1 /H P Not less than 0.84, and the softening area W is not more than 15mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel rail welding, and particularly relates to a fixed flash welding method of a 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness steel rail joint.
Background
The research and development of pearlitic steel rails in China all belong to the category of high carbon, low silicon and medium manganese, are main elements, and alloy strengthening elements such as chromium, alum and the like are added according to different strength and hardness requirements. Because the high-hardness pearlitic steel rail for the heavy haul railway has the characteristics of high strength and high hardness, the carbon content of the steel rail can reach about 1 percent, and the alloy content is higher, so that the welding performance is very poor, and the steel rail mainly comprises the following components: (1) the defects of the welding overheat area are more, the overheat area of flash welding has segregation of carbon and manganese components along the austenitic grain boundary, so that the joint has abnormal microstructures such as bainite or martensite in a supercooled state, secondary cementite is easy to appear near a heat affected zone, and the brittleness of the joint is increased. (2) The grain size of the welding heat affected zone is obviously increased due to the cyclic heating of the welding heat affected zone, and the toughness of the flash welding joint is reduced due to the unbalanced process of rapid heating and cooling of the joint, so that the joint impact is only about 50% of that of a base metal, and the risk of rail breakage at the joint is easy to occur when a rail line is in service. (3) The mechanical properties of the joint are obviously reduced due to the burning loss of carbon and alloy in the welding process, particularly the hardness of the joint is obviously reduced, the performance matching between the joint and a base metal is poor, saddle-shaped abrasion and joint stripping and chipping phenomena can occur in the line service process, and the smoothness of a seamless line is seriously affected. The poor welding performance of the high-hardness steel rail severely restricts the wide-range application of the steel rail in a seamless and heavy-duty line.
The steel rail flash welding process directly affects the joint organization performance and the service state. The defects of over-burning, unwelded joint, excessive gray spots, liquefied cracks and the like of the joint can be caused by improper flash welding process, the metallographic grain size of the joint is coarser and only about 1-2 grades in the welding state, and the joint performance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fixed flash welding method of a 60N390 HB-level high-hardness steel rail joint, wherein the mechanical properties of the 60N390 HB-level high-hardness steel rail joint welded by the fixed flash welding method meet the following conditions: the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1150MPa, the joint extension A is more than or equal to 10.5%, and the joint impact KU 2 Not less than 19.1J, average hardness H of joint J Average value H of hardness of base material P The ratio of (2) is as follows: h J /H P Not less than 0.92, average hardness H of joint soft points J1 Average value H of hardness of base material P Ratio of (3): h J1 /H P More than or equal to 0.84, and the softening area W is less than or equal to 15mm;
the 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.80 to 0.84 percent, si:0.70 to 0.80 percent, mn:0.70 to 0.75 percent, cr:0.30 to 0.45 percent, nb:0.04 to 0.05 percent, RE:0.0010 to 0.0020 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, al is less than or equal to 0.004 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the fixed flash welding method comprises the following steps:
1) Polishing and derusting the end face of the 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness steel rail and the electrode clamping end;
2) Adopting a fixed flash welder to weld rail joints; the oil temperature of the welding machine is controlled at 38-42 ℃, the water temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, and the power grid voltage is between 427 and 430V;
3) The joint fixing flash welding process comprises the following steps: the joint quantity of the steel rail welding seam is controlled between 10 and 12mm, the arch starting quantity is controlled between 0.35 and 0.55mm, the flash welding preheating time is controlled between 10 and 12 times, the secondary preheating current is controlled between 63 and 66kA, the flash welding upsetting quantity is controlled between 10 and 13mm, the upsetting force is controlled between 580 and 600kN, the welding time is controlled between 130 and 140s, and the melting end speed is controlled between 2.20 and 2.30 mm/s;
4) The high-temperature welded joint is cooled to below 200 ℃ in an air way, so that each position of the joint is guaranteed to be completely phase-changed, and the joint can be properly cooled in an accelerated way when the temperature is less than 300 ℃.
In some embodiments, the fixed flash welder is a GAAS80/580 fixed flash welder.
In some embodiments, the 60N390HB grade high hardness steel rail is produced by a smelting, continuous casting, slow cooling of casting blank and rolling process, wherein the size of the casting blank is controlled to be 280mm multiplied by 380mm.
The fixed flash welding method for the 60N390 HB-level high-hardness steel rail joint provided by the technical scheme has the advantages that the welding performance of the steel rail is improved, the hardness similar to that of a base metal is realized by optimally controlling the fixed flash welding process parameters and the chemical components of the steel rail, the problems of low hardness and low joint collapse of the 60N390 HB-level high-hardness steel rail joint in the prior art are solved, and meanwhile, the welded steel rail can be effectively improved without performing post-welding heat treatment operationThe mechanical properties are as follows: the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1150MPa, the joint extension A is more than or equal to 10.5%, and the joint impact KU 2 Not less than 19.1J, and obtaining excellent joint matched with the base material performance, wherein the average value H of the hardness of the welded joint J Average value H of hardness of base material P The ratio of (2) is as follows: h J /H P Not less than 0.92, average hardness H of joint soft points J1 Average value H of hardness of base material P Ratio of (3): h J1 /H P Not less than 0.84, and the softening area W is not more than 15mm.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a fixed flash welding method capable of improving the performance of a 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness steel rail welding joint.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is that the welding process parameters of the fixed flash welding and the chemical component content of the 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness steel rail are controlled in an optimized way, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) A 60n390hb grade high hardness rail (weight percent of chemical composition C:0.80 to 0.84 percent, si:0.70 to 0.80 percent, mn:0.70 to 0.75 percent, cr:0.30 to 0.45 percent, nb:0.04 to 0.05 percent, RE:0.0010 to 0.0020 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, al is less than or equal to 0.004 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities are produced through smelting, continuous casting, casting blank slow cooling and rolling processes, wherein the size of the casting blank is controlled to be 280mm multiplied by 380 mm), and the end face of the casting blank is subjected to rust removal and the electrode clamping end is subjected to rust removal and polishing; 2) Adopting a GAAS80/580 fixed flash welder to weld the steel rail; the oil temperature of the welder is controlled to be 38-42 ℃ (e.g. 40 ℃), the water temperature is controlled to be 18-22 ℃ (e.g. 20 ℃), and the power grid voltage is between 427 and 430V (e.g. 428V); 3) The joint fixing flash welding process comprises the following steps: the joint quantity of the steel rail welding seam is controlled between 10 and 12mm, the arch starting quantity is controlled between 0.35 and 0.55mm, the flash welding preheating time is controlled between 10 and 12 times, the secondary preheating current is controlled between 63 and 66kA, the flash welding upsetting quantity is controlled between 10 and 13mm, the upsetting force is controlled between 580 and 600kN, the welding time is controlled between 130 and 140s, and the melting end speed is controlled between 2.20 and 2.30 mm/s; and 4) air cooling the high-temperature welding state joint to below 200 ℃, so as to ensure that each position of the joint is completely phase-changed, and properly and rapidly cooling the joint when the temperature of the joint is less than 300 ℃; after the joint is cooled, the joint welding rib is polished and leveled, namely, the push-convex allowance of the rail head and the rail bottom is polished and leveled (the maximum push-convex allowance allowed by the rail head is 2.0mm, the maximum push-convex allowance allowed by the rail head jaw and the rail waist is 2.0mm, and the maximum push-convex allowance allowed by the rail bottom is 1.5 mm).
The following describes the invention in detail by way of specific examples, which are intended to aid in understanding the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Examples:
in the examples, the high hardness 60N390HB grade rail of the present invention was first rolled according to the current method of producing 60kg/m rail by casting with a cast slab having a size of 280mm by 380mm (including smelting, continuous casting, casting slab slow cooling, rolling process), wherein the following Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the cast slab of the rolled rail 1-3 and the percentage thereof, and the hardness of the 60N390HB grade rail of the rail 1-3 is shown in the Table 1. The chemical components and the content of the steel rails 1-3 can ensure that the hardness of the obtained steel rail reaches over 390 HB.
Table 1: chemical composition of casting blank of steel rail 1-3 and content thereof (in weight percent) and hardness of each solid steel rail
| Rail for rail | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Nb | RE(Ce) | P | S | Al | Hardness (HB) |
| 1 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 392 |
| 2 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.37 | 0.04 | 0.002 | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 401 |
| 3 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 402 |
And (3) carrying out fixed flash welding on the sections of the steel rails 1-3, and determining the fixed flash welding process of the high-hardness 60N390 HB-level steel rail by adjusting parameters such as preheating current, preheating times, upsetting amount, welding time, melting end speed and the like of the fixed flash welding process and combining with comparative analysis of joint mechanical properties, drop hammer performance detection results and the like. Table 2 below lists the main tuning parameters for the welding process for rails 1-3, respectively (each of the examples air-cooled high temperature as-welded joints to around 190 c). Table 3 below shows the mechanical index and drop performance test results for each example rail weld joint.
Table 2: mainly adjusting parameters aiming at welding process of steel rails 1-3
| Examples | Rail for rail | Number of times of preheating | Upsetting amount/mm | Preheating current/KA | Welding time/s | Upsetting force/KN | End of melt speed/mm/s |
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 63 | 130 | 580 | 2.20 |
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 65 | 135 | 590 | 2.25 |
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 66 | 140 | 600 | 2.30 |
| 4 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 63 | 130 | 580 | 2.50 |
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 61 | 130 | 620 | 2.60 |
Table 3: mechanical properties and drop weight properties of the rail welded joints of examples 1-5 in Table 2
From the results shown in tables 2 and 3, it is clear that the welding processes of examples 1 to 3 for the sections of the rails 1 to 3 can ensure good mechanical properties of the welded joints of the rails, respectively, and satisfy the following conditions: the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1150MPa, the joint extension A is more than or equal to 10.5%, and the joint impact KU 2 Not less than 19.1J; and the drop weight qualification rate of the welded steel rail obtained by the welding process of the examples 1-3 can reach 100 percent. When the welding process of examples 4-5 is different from the welding process of example 1, and the melting end speed is high in the welding process of example 4, impact KU of the steel rail welded joint is caused 2 And the drop weight percent of pass of the steel rail are obviously reduced, and when the preheating current, the upsetting force and the melting end speed of the welding process of the example 5 are different from those of the example 1, the impact KU of the steel rail welding joint is not only caused 2 And the drop hammer qualification rate of the steel rail is obviously reduced, and the tensile strength of the steel rail welded joint is obviously reduced. Thus, the present inventionThe invention identifies the welding process of examples 1-3 as a fixed flash welding process for high hardness 60N390HB grade rails.
With reference to the TB/T1632.2-2014 standard, heat treated steel rails: the ratio of the average hardness HJ of the joint to the average hardness HP of the base material and the ratio of the average hardness HJ1 of the soft spot of the joint to the average hardness HP of the base material should satisfy Hj not less than 0.90Hp, hj1 not less than 0.8Hp, and the softening area W not more than 20 mm. The Rockwell hardness of 5mm under the tread of the head on the longitudinal section of the rail joint obtained in examples 1-3 is tested by using a HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester, and the test results are shown in tables 4-6 below.
Table 4: the Rockwell hardness test result of 5mm on the upper rail head tread of the rail joint longitudinal section obtained in example 1
Table 5: the Rockwell hardness test result of 5mm on the upper rail head tread of the longitudinal section of the rail joint obtained in example 2
Table 6: the Rockwell hardness test result of 5mm on the upper rail head tread of the rail joint longitudinal section obtained in example 3
From the results of tables 4 to 6 above, it can be seen that the joints treated by the fixed flash welding process provided by the invention have good welding performance, and the ratio of the average hardness HJ of the joint to the average hardness HP of the base material satisfies H J /H P Not less than 0.92, average hardness H of joint soft points J1 Average value H of hardness of base material P Ratio of (3): h J1 /H P And the softening area W is more than or equal to 0.84 and less than or equal to 15mm, and meets the standard requirement. The method for fixing and flash welding the 60N390 HB-level high-hardness rail joint can enable the hardness index of the welding joint of the high-hardness 60N390 HB-level rail to be matched with the performance of the rail parent metal, enables the rail joint to have excellent mechanical property and drop weight performance, can meet the requirement of smoothness of the rail joint, ensures normal structure morphology of the rail joint, and improves the performance state of the rail weld joint.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or that equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A60N 390 HB-level high-hardness steel rail joint fixing flash welding method is characterized in that the mechanical properties of the 60N390 HB-level high-hardness steel rail joint welded by the fixing flash welding method are as follows: the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1150MPa, the joint extension A is more than or equal to 10.5%, and the joint impact KU 2 Not less than 19.1J, average hardness H of joint J Average value H of hardness of base material P The ratio of (2) is as follows: h J /H P Not less than 0.92, average hardness H of joint soft points J1 Average value H of hardness of base material P Ratio of (3): h J1 /H P More than or equal to 0.84, and the softening area W is less than or equal to 15mm;
the 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness steel rail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.80 to 0.84 percent, si:0.70 to 0.80 percent, mn:0.70 to 0.75 percent, cr:0.30 to 0.45 percent, nb:0.04 to 0.05 percent, RE:0.0010 to 0.0020 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.005 percent, al is less than or equal to 0.004 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the fixed flash welding method comprises the following steps:
1) Polishing and derusting the end face of the 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness steel rail and the electrode clamping end;
2) Adopting a fixed flash welder to weld rail joints; the oil temperature of the welding machine is controlled at 38-42 ℃, the water temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, and the power grid voltage is between 427 and 430V;
3) The joint fixing flash welding process comprises the following steps: the joint quantity of the steel rail welding seam is controlled between 10 and 12mm, the arch starting quantity is controlled between 0.35 and 0.55mm, the flash welding preheating time is controlled between 10 and 12 times, the secondary preheating current is controlled between 63 and 66kA, the flash welding upsetting quantity is controlled between 10 and 13mm, the upsetting force is controlled between 580 and 600kN, the welding time is controlled between 130 and 140s, and the melting end speed is controlled between 2.20 and 2.30 mm/s;
4) The high-temperature welded joint is cooled to below 200 ℃ in an air way, so that each position of the joint is guaranteed to be completely phase-changed, and the joint can be properly cooled in an accelerated way when the temperature is less than 300 ℃.
2. The fixed flash welding method of claim 1, wherein the fixed flash welder is a GAAS80/580 fixed flash welder.
3. The fixed flash welding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 60n390hb grade high hardness rail is produced by smelting, continuous casting, slow cooling of a cast blank, and rolling processes, wherein the dimensions of the cast blank are controlled to be 280mm x 380mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311251864.6A CN117161530A (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Fixed flash welding method for 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness rail joint |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311251864.6A CN117161530A (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Fixed flash welding method for 60N390 HB-grade high-hardness rail joint |
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- 2023-09-26 CN CN202311251864.6A patent/CN117161530A/en active Pending
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