CN117151962B - Planning design method and planning design system for urban energy system - Google Patents
Planning design method and planning design system for urban energy system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planning and designing method and a planning and designing system of an urban energy system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a city information model according to city land data, city building data, city traffic data and city population data; acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy sources according to the urban information model and the meteorological data; acquiring energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data; and optimizing the spatial arrangement and networking cost of the energy facilities according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of the urban energy consumption. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the spatial arrangement and capacity of renewable energy sources can be considered in the urban design stage, and the problems of spatial distribution and capacity of renewable energy sources can be simulated and optimized in advance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban energy, in particular to a planning and designing method and a planning and designing system of an urban energy system.
Background
Energy is the foundation of survival and development of modern society, and along with the continuous increase of urban energy consumption, new energy technologies, especially renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and biological energy, are actively researched in various countries in order to cope with energy crisis. Renewable energy sources have the characteristics of inexhaustibility, cleanness, environmental protection and the like, and are highly valued in countries around the world.
At present, the planning and design of the traditional urban energy system focuses on meeting the requirements of urban development, or estimating the configuration and capacity of energy supply facilities based on the existing urban planning and design scheme, but the planning and design of the future urban energy system focuses on integrating, cleaning, high-efficiency and intelligent monitoring and management of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the spatial arrangement and the capacity of the renewable energy infrastructure are considered in the urban design stage, and the method has important significance for planning and designing the urban energy system facing the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a planning and designing method and a planning and designing system of an urban energy system, which can consider the spatial arrangement and capacity of renewable energy sources in the urban design stage and simulate and optimize the spatial distribution and capacity problems of renewable energy facilities in advance.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for planning and designing an urban energy system, including:
establishing a city information model according to city land data, city building data, city traffic data and city population data;
acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy sources according to the urban information model and the meteorological data;
acquiring energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data;
and optimizing the spatial arrangement and networking cost of the energy facilities according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of the urban energy consumption.
Further, the building of the city information model according to the city land data, the city building data, the city traffic data and the city population data specifically includes:
drawing a land polygon layer in a geographic information system according to urban land data, and reading land information corresponding to the land polygon layer;
drawing a building polygon layer in a geographic information system according to city building data, and reading building information corresponding to the building polygon layer;
Drawing a traffic system multi-section line graph layer in a geographic information system according to urban traffic data, and reading traffic information corresponding to the traffic system multi-section line graph layer;
drawing a population polygon layer in a geographic information system according to the urban population data, and reading population information corresponding to the population polygon layer;
and storing the land information, the building information, the traffic information and the population information into a preset database to obtain a city information model.
Further, the renewable energy source comprises solar energy; and acquiring the meteorological data of the area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring the space development potential of the renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
acquiring solar radiation intensity time sequence data of an area corresponding to the urban information model;
extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging the photovoltaic generator set according to the city information model;
and acquiring space development potential of solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
Further, according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the method for acquiring the space development potential of the solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating a time curve of average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model;
according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, calculating the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of the solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the photovoltaic power generator set.
Further, the calculating a time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model specifically includes:
according to formula P pv,t =Rad t ×η trans1 Calculating a time curve for obtaining the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area;
wherein P is pv,t Representing the electric energy output power of a photovoltaic generator set at the time t, obtained by a photovoltaic power generation classical model, rad t Representing solar radiation intensity per unit area at time t obtained from the solar radiation intensity time series data, eta trans1 Representing the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic generator set obtained from the classical model of photovoltaic generation.
Further, calculating the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, specifically including:
according to formula C pv =C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv Calculating to obtain the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is pv Representing the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvper Representing the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set per square meter, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set.
Further, the renewable energy source comprises wind energy; and acquiring the meteorological data of the area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring the space development potential of the renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
acquiring wind speed data and wind direction data of an area corresponding to the urban information model;
calculating annual wind speed data at a preset position on the surface of the city and the building according to the city information model, the wind speed data and the wind direction data;
Extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging the wind generating set according to the city information model;
and acquiring the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the annual wind speed data, the wind power generation classical model and the installation cost of the wind generating set.
Further, according to the annual wind speed data, the wind power generation classical model and the installation cost of the wind generating set, the method obtains the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas, and specifically includes:
calculating a time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model;
according to the installation cost of the wind generating set, calculating the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the wind generating set.
Further, the calculating a time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set in each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model specifically comprises the following steps:
According to formula P wd,t =Spd t ×η trans2 Calculating to obtain wind generating set of each arrangement areaA time profile of average wind power generation potential;
wherein P is wd,t Representing the electric energy output power, spd, of a wind generating set at the time t obtained by a wind power generation classical model t Represents the wind speed, eta, per unit area at time t obtained from the annual wind speed data trans2 Representing the conversion efficiency of the wind park obtained from the classical model of wind power generation.
Further, the calculating the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the wind generating set specifically includes:
according to formula C wd =C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd Calculating and obtaining the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is wd Representing the average installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdper Representing the installation cost of the wind generating set per square meter, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind power plant.
Further, the obtaining the energy consumption data of the area corresponding to the city information model, and obtaining the spatial distribution of city energy consumption according to the city information model and the energy consumption data specifically includes:
Constructing an urban traffic simulation model based on individual daily activities on the basis of the urban information model, and acquiring traffic energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban traffic simulation model;
constructing an urban building simulation model based on individual daily activities on the basis of the urban information model, and acquiring building energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban building simulation model;
and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model, the traffic energy consumption data and the building energy consumption data.
Further, the optimizing the spatial arrangement of energy facilities and the networking cost according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of the urban energy source consumption specifically comprises:
and according to the space development potential of the renewable energy source and the space distribution of the urban energy source consumption, taking a total cost calculation formula and a total carbon emission calculation formula as objective functions, and taking a balance equation of an energy network as a limiting condition, carrying out minimization optimization on the total cost and the total carbon emission of the renewable energy source.
Further, the total cost calculation formula is: c (C) total =C inv +C op The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein C is total Representing the total cost; c (C) inv Representing investment costs, C op Representing the operating cost;
C inv =∑ i [θ ipv ×[C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv ×P pv (i)]+θ iwd ×[C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd ×P wd (i)]+θ ist ×(C stfix +C stper ×E max )+∑ j (θ i,j ×C pipeper ×D i,j )]the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the i. j represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the values of i and j are positive integers; θ ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist Indicating whether the ith building or traffic facility is provided with a photovoltaic generator set, a wind power generator set and energy storage equipment, and theta ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pvfix 、C wdfix 、C stfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generating set and the energy storage equipment; c (C) pvper 、C wdper 、C stper Representing the installation cost of each square meter of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generator set and the energy storage equipment; s is S pv 、S wd Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set; p (P) pv (i)、P wd (i) Representing the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of the ith building or transportation facility and the average wind power generation potential of the wind power generation unit; e (E) max Representing the installed capacity of the energy storage device; θ i,j Represents the ithWhether or not an energy network, θ, is installed between a building or a transportation facility and a j-th building or transportation facility i,j The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pipeper Representing the installation costs per meter of the energy network; d (D) i,j Representing the distance between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility;
C op =∑ i ∑ t [Cost grid ×P gridin (i,t)-Cost pv ×P pvout (i,t)-Cost wd ×P wdout (i,t)]x NPV; t represents a time index; cost (test) grid Representing the cost of purchasing power from an urban external grid, P gridin (i, t) represents the urban external grid power purchased by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) pv Representing the cost of selling solar power online, P pvout (i, t) represents the solar power sold by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) wd Representing the cost of selling wind energy and electricity on the internet, P wdout (i, t) represents wind energy power sold by an ith building or transportation facility at time t; NPV represents the net present value.
Further, the total carbon emission amount calculation formula is: carbons total =∑ i ∑ t [CF grid ×P grid (i,t)]；
Wherein, carbon total Representing the total carbon emissions; i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; CF (compact flash) grid Representing the average carbon emission factor, P, of an electrical power system grid (i, t) represents the urban energy consumption of the ith building or transportation facility at time t.
Further, the balance equation of the energy network includes:
Load(i,t)=P gridin (i,t)+P pvin (i,t)+P wdin (i, t); wherein i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; load (i, t) represents the total amount of electricity of the ith building or transportation facility at time t; p (P) gridin (i, t) represents that the ith building or transportation facility is at tUrban external network power purchased at moment, P pvin (i, t) represents solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set of an ith building or transportation facility at the time t and sold without surfing the internet, P wdin (i, t) represents wind energy power generated by a wind generating set of an ith building or transportation facility at a time t and not sold online;
E(i,t+1)=E(i,t)+P in (i,t)-P out (i, t); wherein E (i, t) represents the power stored by the energy storage device of the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P in (i, t) represents the power input from the urban energy system by the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P out (i, t) represents the power output from the urban energy system by the ith building or transportation facility at time t;
Load pv =S pv ×P pv (i,t)=P pvin +P pvout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load pv Representing total solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set, P pv (i, t) represents the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P pvin Representing solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set and not sold on the internet, P pvout Representing solar power sold;
Load wd =S wd ×P wd (i,t)=P wdin +P wdout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load wd Representing the total power of wind energy generated by a wind driven generator, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind generating set, P wd (i, t) represents the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P wdin Representing wind energy power generated by a wind generating set and not sold on the internet, P wdout Representing the wind power sold.
In order to achieve the above objective, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a planning and designing system for an urban energy system, configured to implement the planning and designing method for an urban energy system described in any one of the above, where the planning and designing system includes:
the urban information model building module is used for building an urban information model according to urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data;
the energy space development potential acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data;
the urban energy consumption spatial distribution acquisition module is used for acquiring energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data;
and the urban energy system planning and designing module is used for optimizing the spatial arrangement of energy facilities and the networking cost according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of urban energy consumption.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a planning and designing method and a planning and designing system of an urban energy system, wherein firstly, an urban information model is built according to urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data; then, acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy sources according to the urban information model and the meteorological data; acquiring energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring space distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data; finally, optimizing the spatial arrangement and networking cost of the energy facilities according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of the urban energy consumption; therefore, the spatial arrangement and capacity of the renewable energy resource can be considered in the urban design stage, and the problems of spatial distribution and capacity of the renewable energy resource facilities can be simulated and optimized in advance.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method of planning and designing a municipal energy system according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a planning and design system of the urban energy system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a planning and designing method of an urban energy system, referring to fig. 1, which is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the planning and designing method of an urban energy system, the method comprises steps S11 to S14:
step S11, establishing a city information model according to city land data, city building data, city traffic data and city population data;
step S12, acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy sources according to the urban information model and the meteorological data;
step S13, energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model are obtained, and space distribution of urban energy consumption is obtained according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data;
Step S14, optimizing the spatial arrangement of energy facilities and networking cost according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of the urban energy consumption.
Specifically, the embodiment of the invention firstly acquires urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data of a city to be planned and designed, and establishes a city information model corresponding to the city to be planned and designed according to the acquired urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data; acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, further acquiring space development potential of renewable energy according to the urban information model and the acquired meteorological data, acquiring energy consumption data of the area corresponding to the urban information model, and further acquiring space distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the acquired energy consumption data; finally, according to the obtained space development potential of the renewable energy sources and the space distribution of urban energy source consumption, a multi-objective linear programming algorithm is used for simulation design, and the space arrangement and networking cost of the energy source (for example, renewable energy sources) facilities are optimized.
It should be noted that, the city information model (City Information Modeling, abbreviated as CIM) represents a reform method in the field of urban energy planning, which is quite different from the current method for planning and designing energy through satellite data, urban big data and statistical data, and the CIM can be cut in from the city construction level, and through integrating geographic information technology, building information model, internet of things and artificial intelligence technology, the relationship between urban energy performance and urban space planning and designing is revealed, so that urban intelligent design and dynamic management are performed.
CIM introduces unprecedented granularity and depth for energy analysis by creating comprehensive digital representations of urban regional physical and functional features, and integration of CIM with a building information model (Building Information Modeling, BIM for short) can deeply understand the energy performance of a single building, and can infer therefrom to provide information for energy policies and plans at the community or urban level. In addition, the ability of CIM to absorb data from a large number of Internet of things devices provides dynamic monitoring and management functions for energy. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional geographic information system (3D Geographic Information System, 3D GIS for short) technology of the CIM provides a space background for space planning and design of energy facilities, and provides geographic space visualization of urban infrastructure, which is helpful for positioning and evaluating feasibility of renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the construction of the city perception system and the progress of an optimization algorithm represented by artificial intelligence further enhance the scene modeling, predictive analysis and optimization of the energy distribution and consumption modes.
In another preferred embodiment, the building of the city information model based on the city land data, the city building data, the city traffic data and the city population data specifically includes:
drawing a land polygon layer in a geographic information system according to urban land data, and reading land information corresponding to the land polygon layer;
drawing a building polygon layer in a geographic information system according to city building data, and reading building information corresponding to the building polygon layer;
drawing a traffic system multi-section line graph layer in a geographic information system according to urban traffic data, and reading traffic information corresponding to the traffic system multi-section line graph layer;
drawing a population polygon layer in a geographic information system according to the urban population data, and reading population information corresponding to the population polygon layer;
and storing the land information, the building information, the traffic information and the population information into a preset database to obtain a city information model.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, after urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data are acquired, the urban land data, the urban building data, the urban traffic data and the urban population data can be processed on a GIS geographic information system, JAVA programs are developed to read GIS layer data, and the JAVA programs are converted and stored in a cityGML data format, so that an urban information model can be obtained, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
(1) Adding urban land data: drawing a land Polygon Layer (Polygon Layer) in a GIS geographic information system based on satellite pictures, urban current dwg data obtained by field investigation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data obtained by open source remote sensing analysis, wherein each Polygon in the Layer represents one land and comprises land information such as main land property, land area, vegetation index, main planting crops on agricultural land, land property and the like, in JAVA, using GeoTools to read the land information corresponding to the land Polygon Layer in the GIS geographic information system, using citygml4j to store the read land information in cityGML.Lanuse class;
(2) Adding city building data: drawing a building Polygon Layer (Polygon Layer) of a city or park in a GIS geographic information system based on satellite pictures and urban current situation dwg data (namely obtaining urban building data) of field investigation, wherein each Polygon in the Layer represents a building and comprises building information such as main lighting surface orientation, window wall ratio, building Layer number, building height, occupied area, building attribute and the like, in JAVA, using GeoTools to read building information corresponding to the building Polygon Layer in the GIS geographic information system, using citygml4j to store the read building information in a cityGML.building class;
(3) Adding urban traffic data: drawing a urban or park traffic system multi-section line Layer (Polyline Layer) in a GIS geographic information system based on satellite pictures and urban current dwg data (namely urban traffic data) obtained through field investigation, wherein each multi-section line in the Layer represents a road and comprises traffic information such as road grade, lane number, road direction, road length, highest permitted speed of the road and the like, in JAVA, using GeoTools to read traffic information corresponding to the traffic system multi-section line Layer in the GIS geographic information system, using citygml4j to store the read traffic information in cityGML.transportation class;
(4) Adding city population data: drawing a population polygon layer of each town street in a GIS geographic information system based on seventh population census information (namely obtaining urban population data), wherein each polygon in the layer represents one town street, population information including population total amount, man/woman resident population amount, age group resident population amount, school hierarchy resident population amount, family user number, whether a family vehicle is owned or not and the like is included, reading population information corresponding to the population polygon layer in the GIS geographic information system by using GeoTools in JAVA, generating population of each land block and each building according to population census information of each town street by using a population generator of R language, and storing the read population information into cityGML.building and cityL.Landbuse classes by using cityml 4 j.
The CIM is an organic complex of a three-dimensional city space model and city dynamic information, the CIM foundation platform is a foundation platform for building three-dimensional digital models such as buildings and infrastructures on the basis of city foundation geographic information, expressing and managing the city three-dimensional space, and is a foundation, key and physical information infrastructure of a smart city. cityGML is a lightweight open data model and XML-based format of the CIM base platform for storing and exchanging virtual 3D city models. It is a standard developed by the open geospatial alliance (OGC). The cityGML defines city objects and the definition modes of geometry, topology, semantics and appearance thereof, so the cityGML format integrates spatial location information, geometry information and attribute information of buildings and city infrastructures. Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the urban land data, the urban building data, the urban traffic data and the urban population data can be input into the class of the cityGML after being tidied and stored in the postgresql database, and can be regarded as a process of establishing the urban information model; wherein, the cityGML.Lanuse class, the cityGML.building class and the cityGML.transportation class are all classes with the cityGML2.0 format.
Furthermore, because the original cityGML format cannot process the energy data, the cityGML data format can be expanded first, so that the cityGML data can be processed and stored, and the implementation process of specifically expanding the cityGML format is as follows:
firstly, importing basic cityGML.building and cityGML.transmission data formats into an xsd file;
then, defining a complex type energy ConsumationType, wherein the type comprises two attributes, namely a value and a unit;
then, the types are added into the cityGML.building.building type and the cityGML.transport.transport complextype, and the created cityGML instance document containing the expansion can be used in the subsequent JAVA programs.
Preferably, the acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data specifically includes:
acquiring renewable energy characteristic data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the meteorological data;
extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging renewable energy power generation equipment according to the city information model;
And acquiring the space development potential of the renewable energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the renewable energy characteristic data, the renewable energy generation classical model and the installation cost of the renewable energy generation equipment.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, when the space development potential of the renewable energy source is obtained, firstly, renewable energy source characteristic data of the area where the urban information model is located is obtained according to the obtained meteorological data; then, according to the city information model, extracting at least one arrangement area in which renewable energy power generation equipment can be arranged in the area where the city information model is located, wherein the arrangement area can be a building roof, a city green, a city water area and the like; and finally, respectively calculating the time curve and the average installation cost of the average power generation potential of the renewable energy power generation equipment of each arrangement area after the renewable energy power generation equipment is arranged according to the renewable energy power generation classical model and the installation cost of the renewable energy power generation equipment, and correspondingly obtaining the space development potential of the renewable energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas.
It should be noted that, when analyzing the space development potential of various renewable energy sources according to the city information model and the meteorological data, the embodiment of the present invention preferably considers solar energy and wind energy widely used in cities among the renewable energy sources, regardless of tidal energy and geothermal energy, because the distribution sites of the tidal energy and the geothermal energy are relatively special and have no universality.
Further, when the renewable energy source is solar energy, the renewable energy source characteristic data may be solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the renewable energy source power generation device may be a photovoltaic power generation unit, the renewable energy source power generation classical model may be a photovoltaic power generation classical model, the space development potential of the renewable energy source is the space development potential of the solar energy, and a specific acquisition process of the space development potential of the solar energy is described in the following embodiments, which are not repeated here.
Further, when the renewable energy source is wind energy, the renewable energy source characteristic data may be annual wind speed data, the renewable energy source generating equipment may be a wind generating set, the renewable energy source generating classical model may be a wind generating classical model, the spatial development potential of the renewable energy source is the spatial development potential of the wind energy, and a specific obtaining process of the spatial development potential of the wind energy is described in the following embodiments, which are not described herein.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the renewable energy source comprises solar energy; and acquiring the meteorological data of the area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring the space development potential of the renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
Acquiring solar radiation intensity time sequence data of an area corresponding to the urban information model;
extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging the photovoltaic generator set according to the city information model;
and acquiring space development potential of solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, when the renewable energy source is solar energy, the space development potential of the renewable energy source is obtained, that is, the space development potential of the solar energy is obtained, and in specific implementation, EPW (EnergyPlus Weather) weather files are imported to obtain solar radiation intensity time sequence data of the area where the urban information model is located; then, according to the city information model, extracting at least one arrangement area in which the photovoltaic generator set can be arranged in the area where the city information model is located, for example, the arrangement area can be a building roof, a city green, a city water area and the like; and finally, respectively calculating the time curve and the average installation cost of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation units of each arrangement area after the photovoltaic power generation units are arranged according to the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the current installation cost in JAVA, and correspondingly obtaining the space development potential of the solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas.
It should be noted that, EPW weather file is a widely used form file format for storing weather data per hour, column 15 of general form is direct solar radiation data, and the normal solar radiation can be calculated according to the normal position of the photovoltaic power generation device for collecting sunlight, so as to obtain Rad in the calculation formula in the following embodiment t 。
When the layout area suitable for layout of the photovoltaic generator set is extracted, the position information of the building and the infrastructure is carried in the city information model (citysml), so that the roof surface of the building roof in the citysml. Building. Roofsurface can be directly extracted according to the space position information, the city green space can be obtained in the citysml. Vegetation, and the city water area can be obtained in the citysml. Waterbody.
As an optional embodiment, the acquiring space development potential of solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit specifically includes:
calculating a time curve of average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model;
According to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, calculating the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of the solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the photovoltaic power generator set.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, when the embodiment of the present invention obtains the space development potential of solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the obtained solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of each arrangement area after the photovoltaic power generation unit is arranged according to the obtained solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model, and the average installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit of each arrangement area after the photovoltaic power generation unit is arranged according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit are calculated; and obtaining the time curve and the average installation cost of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation units in each arrangement area according to the calculation, and obtaining the space development potential of solar energy corresponding to the photovoltaic power generation units in all the arrangement areas.
As one of the optional embodiments, the calculating a time curve of average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model specifically includes:
according to formula P pv,t =Rad t ×η trans1 Calculating a time curve for obtaining the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area;
wherein P is pv,t Representing the electric energy output power of a photovoltaic generator set at the time t, obtained by a photovoltaic power generation classical model, rad t Representing solar radiation intensity per unit area at time t obtained from the solar radiation intensity time series data, eta trans1 Representing the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic generator set obtained from the classical model of photovoltaic generation.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, the obtaining manner of the time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit is the same for each arrangement area, and here, taking any one arrangement area as an example, after the arrangement of the photovoltaic power generation unit in the arrangement area, the calculation formula of the time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit is P pv,t =Rad t ×η trans1 。
As one of the alternative embodiments, calculating the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set of each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set specifically includes:
According to formula C pv =C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv Calculating to obtain the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is pv Representing the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvper Representing the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set per square meter, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, the average installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit is obtained in the same manner for each arrangement area, and here, taking any one arrangement area as an example, after the arrangement of the photovoltaic power generation unit in the arrangement area, the calculation formula of the average installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit is C pv =C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv 。
In a further preferred embodiment, the renewable energy source comprises wind energy; and acquiring the meteorological data of the area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring the space development potential of the renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
acquiring wind speed data and wind direction data of an area corresponding to the urban information model;
calculating annual wind speed data at a preset position on the surface of the city and the building according to the city information model, the wind speed data and the wind direction data;
Extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging the wind generating set according to the city information model;
and acquiring the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the annual wind speed data, the wind power generation classical model and the installation cost of the wind generating set.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, when the renewable energy source is wind energy, the space development potential of the renewable energy source is obtained, that is, the space development potential of the wind energy source is obtained, in a specific implementation, EPW weather files are imported to obtain wind speed data and wind direction data of an area where a city information model is located, annual wind speed data of a city and a preset position (for example, 1 meter position on the surface of the city and the building) are calculated according to the city information model by combining the wind speed data and the wind direction data, and then at least one arrangement area where a small wind generating set can be arranged in the area where the city information model is located is extracted according to the city information model, for example, the arrangement area can be a building roof, a city green area, a city water area and the like; finally, according to the wind power generation classical model and the current installation cost in JAVA, respectively calculating the time curve and the average installation cost of the average wind power generation potential of the wind power generator sets of each arrangement area after the wind power generator sets are arranged in each arrangement area, and correspondingly obtaining the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas.
Note that, the EPW weather file is a widely used table file format, and is used for storing weather data in each hour, and the 20 th column of the general table is wind direction, and the 21 st column is wind speed; furthermore, building geometric form data in the city information model is imported into blue CFD, software is imported into wind speed data and wind direction data of a city, and annual wind speed at the position of 1 meter on the surface of the city and the building can be obtained through simulation calculation; the blue CFD is open-source fluid mechanics software, which is open-source software and can be directly called by python to calculate.
When the layout area suitable for arranging the wind generating set is extracted, the position information of the building and the infrastructure is carried in the city information model (citysml), so that the roof surface of the building roof in the citysml. Building. Roofsurface can be directly extracted according to the space position information, the city green space can be obtained in the citysml. Vegetation, and the city water area can be obtained in the citysml. Waterbody.
As an optional embodiment, the acquiring the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the annual wind speed data, the classical model of wind power generation and the installation cost of the wind generating set specifically includes:
Calculating a time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model;
according to the installation cost of the wind generating set, calculating the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the wind generating set.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, when the embodiment of the present invention obtains the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the obtained annual wind speed data, the wind power generation classical model and the installation cost of the wind power generator sets, the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind power generator sets of each arrangement area after the wind power generator sets are arranged according to the obtained annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model, and the average installation cost of the wind power generator sets of each arrangement area after the wind power generator sets are arranged according to the installation cost of the wind power generator sets are calculated; and obtaining the time curve and the average installation cost of the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating sets of each arrangement area according to the calculation, and obtaining the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to the wind generating sets of all the arrangement areas.
As one of the alternative embodiments, the calculating the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set in each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model specifically includes:
according to formula P wd,t =Spd t ×η trans2 Calculating a time curve for obtaining the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area;
wherein P is wd,t Representing the electric energy output power, spd, of a wind generating set at the time t obtained by a wind power generation classical model t A time-of-t sheet representing the data obtained from the annual wind speedWind speed, eta of bit area trans2 Representing the conversion efficiency of the wind park obtained from the classical model of wind power generation.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind turbine generator is obtained in the same manner for each arrangement area, and here, taking any one arrangement area as an example, after the wind turbine generator is arranged in the arrangement area, the calculation formula of the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind turbine generator is P wd,t =Spd t ×η trans2 。
As one of the alternative embodiments, the calculating the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the wind generating set specifically includes:
According to formula C wd =C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd Calculating and obtaining the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is wd Representing the average installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdper Representing the installation cost of the wind generating set per square meter, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind power plant.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, the average installation cost of the wind turbine generator is obtained in the same manner for each arrangement area, and here, taking any one arrangement area as an example, after the wind turbine generator is arranged in the arrangement area, the calculation formula of the average installation cost of the wind turbine generator is C wd =C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd 。
In another preferred embodiment, the obtaining the energy consumption data of the area corresponding to the city information model, and obtaining the spatial distribution of city energy consumption according to the city information model and the energy consumption data specifically includes:
constructing an urban traffic simulation model based on individual daily activities on the basis of the urban information model, and acquiring traffic energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban traffic simulation model;
constructing an urban building simulation model based on individual daily activities on the basis of the urban information model, and acquiring building energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban building simulation model;
And acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model, the traffic energy consumption data and the building energy consumption data.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, a specific implementation process for obtaining spatial distribution of urban energy consumption is as follows:
(1) Based on the city information model, constructing a city traffic simulation model based on individual daily activities:
(1.1) obtaining demographic data: acquiring population commute data through a traffic travel questionnaire, wherein the population commute data comprises age, gender, education degree, income level, whether automobiles are owned, commute travel time, working time, household time and the like of the population, and the population is summarized into a csv format and read by JAVA;
(1.2) generating individual-based daily travel records using the mobitepp module: invoking a mobipop module in JAVA, matching population commute data of traffic trip investigation according to population information, sampling traffic trip time to generate personal daily trip records, simulating the trip situation of an individual in a city every day, wherein the trip situation comprises the time of leaving home in the morning, the traffic mode selected in the morning, the time of predicting to arrive at a work place, the time of leaving the work place at night, the traffic mode selected at night, the time of predicting to return to home and the like;
The population data in the city information model building class comprises the gender, age, academic and whether private cars are owned or not of the population, the population commute data of the traffic trip investigation also comprises population basic information, the population basic information comprises the gender, age, academic and whether private cars are owned or not, the population basic information is correspondingly matched with the population commute data, and after the matching is completed, the population is regarded as population daily trip records which are called according to the population commute data;
(1.3) modeling individual-based daily travel spatiotemporal paths using MATSim modules: reading road data of urban information model traffic in JAVA, writing the road data into an xml file according to MATIM by using a JAXP packet, then calling a MATIM module to read in the xml file, obtaining urban traffic network information, and simulating daily traffic behaviors of an individual in the city by using MATIM software according to daily travel records of the individual, wherein the daily traffic behaviors comprise simulation time required by the individual to go to work in the morning, a traffic mode and a path selected in the morning, simulation time required by the individual to go to work in the evening, a traffic mode and a path selected in the evening and the like;
(1.4) calculating the energy consumption generated by individual daily traffic behaviors by using an energy plug-in unit built in MATSim according to the energy consumption coefficient of each kilometer of different electric vehicles, and calculating the energy consumption generated by public transportation according to the running condition of the public transportation and the energy consumption coefficient of each kilometer;
The MATS simulation result comprises space-time activity tracks of the electric automobile and public transportation in the urban area (namely, the electric automobile and the public transportation run to a certain moment along a certain path at a certain moment) and are multiplied by a corresponding energy consumption system per kilometer, so that energy consumption generated by the electric automobile and the public transportation can be obtained.
(2) Based on the city information model, constructing a city building simulation model based on individual daily activities:
(2.1) modeling building data in the city information model as a simulation model of energy plus: firstly, in JAVA, building data of city information model building class are derived by using an IFC format, then each instance in IFC.Ifcbuilding is iterated and each floor is generated, boolean operation is performed between each pair of adjacent floors to create an analysis surface, then conflict monitoring is performed to find model errors, and finally an IDF format is output to Energy Plus which contains geometric form data of the building, building material data (and thermal properties thereof), internal load information and HVAC system (heating ventilation and air conditioning system) information;
(2.2) setting personnel density, equipment power density, maintenance structure parameters and energy consumption simulation condition parameters in energy plus according to building lighting design standard, civil building heating ventilation and air conditioning design standard and public building energy saving design standard, and inputting EPW weather data, namely providing hourly data about temperature, humidity and solar radiation;
(2.3) simulation calculation of building energy consumption simulation data: after building geometry data and related parameter data are set, running energy plus to start simulation, and outputting building energy consumption data per hour;
(2.4) after the simulation is completed, the energy plus will generate a plurality of output files, wherein the ESO (energy plus standard output) files, namely, the hourly results containing the building energy consumption, are generated.
(3) Obtaining spatial distribution of urban energy consumption:
and storing the traffic energy consumption data into a value of the cityGML.transportation.transportation complettype, and storing the building energy consumption data into a value of the cityGML.building.building type, so as to correspondingly obtain the spatial distribution of urban energy consumption in the urban information model.
The city information model itself carries the location information of the building and the traffic infrastructure, and thus, as long as the energy consumption data is stored in the attribute values of the building and the traffic infrastructure, the space is visualized by using the visualization tool, and the space distribution of the city energy consumption is seen.
In a further preferred embodiment, said optimizing energy facility spatial arrangement and networking costs according to spatial development potential of said renewable energy source and spatial distribution of said urban energy consumption, comprises in particular:
And according to the space development potential of the renewable energy source and the space distribution of the urban energy source consumption, taking a total cost calculation formula and a total carbon emission calculation formula as objective functions, and taking a balance equation of an energy network as a limiting condition, carrying out minimization optimization on the total cost and the total carbon emission of the renewable energy source.
Specifically, in combination with the above embodiment, according to the obtained spatial development potential of renewable energy sources and spatial distribution of urban energy source consumption, a total cost calculation formula and a total carbon emission amount calculation formula are taken as target functions, a balance equation of an energy network is taken as a limiting condition, minimization of total cost and minimization of total carbon emission amount are taken as optimization targets (main targets are total cost, secondary targets are total carbon emission amount), the above related formulas and equations are modeled as a multi-target linear programming model in AIMMS software, an IBM CPLEX solver is used, and a branch shearing algorithm is applied to solve the multi-target linear programming model, so that the minimization optimization of the total cost and the total carbon emission amount of the renewable energy sources can be achieved.
As one of the alternative embodiments, the total cost calculation formula is: c (C) total =C inv +C op The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein C is total Representing the total cost; c (C) inv Representing investment costs, C op Representing the operating cost;
C inv =∑ i [θ ipv ×[C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv ×P pv (i)]+θ iwd ×[C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd ×P wd (i)]+θ ist ×(C stfix +C stper ×E max )+∑ j (θ i,j ×C pipeper ×D i,j )]the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the i. j represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the values of i and j are positive integers; θ ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist Indicating whether the ith building or traffic facility is provided with a photovoltaic generator set, a wind power generator set and energy storage equipment, and theta ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pvfix 、C wdfix 、C stfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generating set and the energy storage equipment; c (C) pvper 、C wdper 、C stper Representing the installation cost of each square meter of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generator set and the energy storage equipment; s is S pv 、S wd Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set; p (P) pv (i)、P wd (i) Representing the average photovoltaic power generation potential of photovoltaic power generation units of an ith building or transportation facility, and the flatness of wind power generation unitsEqual wind power generation potential; e (E) max Representing the installed capacity of the energy storage device; θ i,j Indicating whether or not an energy network, θ, is installed between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility i,j The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pipeper Representing the installation costs per meter of the energy network; d (D) i,j Representing the distance between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility;
C op =∑ i ∑ t [Cost grid ×P gridin (i,t)-Cost pv ×P pvout (i,t)-Cost wd ×P wdout (i,t)]x NPV; t represents a time index; cost (test) grid Representing the cost of purchasing power from an urban external grid, P gridin (i, t) represents the urban external grid power purchased by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) pv Representing the cost of selling solar power online, P pvout (i, t) represents the solar power sold by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) wd Representing the cost of selling wind energy and electricity on the internet, P wdout (i, t) represents wind energy power sold by an ith building or transportation facility at time t; NPV represents the net present value.
Note that, the value ranges of i=1, 2, 3, …, j=1, 2, 3, …, i and j are determined by the number of buildings or traffic facilities in the city information model; θ ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist Indicating whether the ith building or traffic facility is provided with a photovoltaic generator set, a wind power generator set and energy storage equipment, and theta ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist Has a value of 0 or 1, corresponding to θ ipv When =0, it means that no photovoltaic generator set is installed on the ith building or traffic facility, when θ ipv When=1, it means that the ith building or traffic facility is provided with a photovoltaic generator set, θ iwd 、θ ist Similarly, the description is omitted here; θ i,j Indicating whether or not an energy network, θ, is installed between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility i,j Has a value of 0 or 1, corresponding to θ i,j When=0, the i-th building or traffic facility and the j-th building are represented Or no energy network is installed between traffic facilities, when theta i,j When=1, it means that an energy network is installed between the i-th building or traffic facility and the j-th building or traffic facility, i and j respectively represent different buildings or traffic facilities; p (P) pv (i) And P wd (i) The average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the average wind power generation potential of the wind power generation unit, which are arranged on the ith building or traffic facility and obtained through the embodiment, can be attached to the city information model by utilizing the calculation formula of the investment cost, so that the total cost is calculated.
It should be noted that, the NPV represents a net present value, which is a financial index for measuring cash flow, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the NPV may represent the future value of the electric power transaction as the current value; for example, NPV may take a value of 4%.
As one of the alternative embodiments, the total carbon emission amount calculation formula is: carbons total =∑ i ∑ t [CF grid ×P grid (i,t)]；
Wherein, carbon total Representing the total carbon emissions; i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; CF (compact flash) grid Representing the average carbon emission factor, P, of an electrical power system grid (i, t) represents the urban energy consumption of the ith building or transportation facility at time t.
It should be noted that CF grid The average carbon emission factor of the power system is represented, the value of the average carbon emission factor depends on different places, and accurate values can be generally inquired and obtained in branch companies of various provinces of the power grid; p (P) grid (i, t) represents the city energy consumption of the ith building or traffic facility at time t, which mainly includes the electric energy consumed by the building and the electric energy consumed by the traffic.
As one of the alternative embodiments, the balance equation of the energy network includes:
Load(i,t)=P gridin (i,t)+P pvin (i,t)+P wdin (i, t); wherein i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; load (i, t) represents the total amount of electricity of the ith building or transportation facility at time t; p (P) gridin (i, t) represents the urban external grid power purchased by the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P pvin (i, t) represents solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set of an ith building or transportation facility at the time t and sold without surfing the internet, P wdin (i, t) represents wind energy power generated by a wind generating set of an ith building or transportation facility at a time t and not sold online;
E(i,t+1)=E(i,t)+P in (i,t)-P out (i, t); wherein E (i, t) represents the power stored by the energy storage device of the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P in (i, t) represents the power input from the urban energy system by the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P out (i, t) represents the power output from the urban energy system by the ith building or transportation facility at time t;
Load pv =S pv ×P pv (i,t)=P pvin +P pvout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load pv Representing total solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set, P pv (i, t) represents the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P pvin Representing solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set and not sold on the internet, P pvout Representing solar power sold;
Load wd =S wd ×P wd (i,t)=P wdin +P wdout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load wd Representing the total power of wind energy generated by a wind driven generator, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind generating set, P wd (i, t) represents the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P wdin Representing wind energy power generated by a wind generating set and not sold on the internet, P wdout Representing the wind power sold.
Load (i, t) represents the total amount of power at time t of the ith building or traffic facility, and mainly refers to the total amount of power at time t in a research or simulation area; load pv The method mainly refers to the solar energy total power generated by the photovoltaic generator set in a research or simulation area; load wd The total wind energy power generated by the wind driven generator is mainly referred to as the total wind energy power generated by the wind driven generator set in the research or simulation area.
The embodiment of the invention provides a planning and designing method of an urban energy system, which is characterized in that firstly, energy planning and designing are integrated based on an urban information model, then various energy space development potentials are analyzed according to the existing urban space environment, then, an urban simulation model based on individual daily activities is constructed to simulate and calculate urban energy consumption, finally, according to the energy development potential and the space distribution of the urban energy consumption, a multi-objective linear programming algorithm is utilized to optimize new energy space arrangement and networking cost, the space-time distribution of energy supply and energy consumption is innovatively reflected by the urban information model, so that the space arrangement and capacity of renewable energy sources can be considered in the urban design stage, the space distribution and capacity problems of renewable energy facilities can be simulated and optimized in advance, and the construction cost is reduced.
It should be noted that, the embodiment of the invention provides a scheme for optimizing the configuration and networking cost of the energy facility on a space scale based on the space information of energy supply and energy consumption, and solves the problem of cost optimization of urban energy system planning and design; the embodiment of the invention integrates the urban energy system information into the urban system information model based on the urban information model, and solves the problem of energy system deficiency in the traditional urban information model; the embodiment of the invention provides a new technology for estimating the energy potential of the urban space based on the fused urban information model, and solves the problem of urban renewable energy supply potential based on urban design data; the embodiment of the invention provides a new technology for predicting the dynamic change of the space-time scale of the urban energy consumption based on the fused urban information model, and solves the problem of carrying out urban energy consumption fine-grained simulation based on urban design data.
The spatial optimization technology of the energy facility planning design provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for optimizing the arrangement and capacity of the distributed energy and community-level energy storage devices and the spatial arrangement and capacity of the new energy infrastructure for urban energy design in the urban design stage.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a planning and designing system of the urban energy system, which is used for realizing the planning and designing method of the urban energy system described in any embodiment, and is shown in fig. 2, and is a structural block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the planning and designing system of the urban energy system, wherein the planning and designing system comprises:
the urban information model building module 11 is used for building an urban information model according to urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data;
the energy space development potential acquisition module 12 is configured to acquire meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquire space development potential of renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data;
the urban energy consumption spatial distribution acquisition module 13 is used for acquiring energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data;
the urban energy system planning and design module 14 is used for optimizing the spatial arrangement of energy facilities and networking cost according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of urban energy consumption.
Preferably, the city information model building module 11 specifically includes:
the land information reading unit is used for drawing a land polygon layer in the geographic information system according to urban land data and reading land information corresponding to the land polygon layer;
the building information reading unit is used for drawing a building polygon layer in the geographic information system according to city building data and reading building information corresponding to the building polygon layer;
the traffic information reading unit is used for drawing a traffic system multi-section line diagram layer in the geographic information system according to urban traffic data and reading traffic information corresponding to the traffic system multi-section line diagram layer;
the population information reading unit is used for drawing a population polygon layer in the geographic information system according to the urban population data and reading population information corresponding to the population polygon layer;
and the city information model building unit is used for storing the land information, the building information, the traffic information and the population information into a preset database to obtain a city information model.
Preferably, the renewable energy source comprises solar energy; the energy space development potential acquisition module 12 specifically includes:
The solar radiation data acquisition unit is used for acquiring solar radiation intensity time sequence data of the area corresponding to the urban information model;
a first arrangement region extraction unit for extracting at least one arrangement region suitable for arranging a photovoltaic generator set according to the city information model;
and the solar space development potential acquisition unit is used for acquiring the space development potential of solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
Preferably, the solar energy space development potential obtaining unit obtains space development potentials of solar energy corresponding to all arrangement areas according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and specifically includes:
calculating a time curve of average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model;
according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, calculating the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of the solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the photovoltaic power generator set.
Preferably, the solar energy space development potential obtaining unit calculates a time curve of average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model, and specifically includes:
according to formula P pv,t =Rad t ×η trans1 Calculating a time curve for obtaining the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area;
wherein P is pv,t Representing the electric energy output power of a photovoltaic generator set at the time t, obtained by a photovoltaic power generation classical model, rad t Representing solar radiation intensity per unit area at time t obtained from the solar radiation intensity time series data, eta trans1 Representing the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic generator set obtained from the classical model of photovoltaic generation.
Preferably, the solar energy space development potential obtaining unit calculates an average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set of each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, and specifically includes:
according to formula C pv =C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv Calculating to obtain the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is pv Representing the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvper Representing the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set per square meter, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set.
Preferably, the renewable energy source comprises wind energy; the energy space development potential acquisition module 12 specifically includes:
the wind speed and wind direction data acquisition unit is used for acquiring wind speed data and wind direction data of the area corresponding to the urban information model;
the annual wind speed data calculation unit is used for calculating annual wind speed data of the city and a preset position on the surface of the building according to the city information model, the wind speed data and the wind direction data;
a second arrangement region extraction unit for extracting at least one arrangement region suitable for arranging a wind generating set according to the city information model;
the wind energy space development potential acquisition unit is used for acquiring the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the annual wind speed data, the wind power generation classical model and the installation cost of the wind generating set.
Preferably, the wind energy space development potential obtaining unit obtains space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all arrangement areas according to the annual wind speed data, the wind power generation classical model and the installation cost of the wind generating set, and specifically includes:
Calculating a time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model;
according to the installation cost of the wind generating set, calculating the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the wind generating set.
Preferably, the wind energy space development potential obtaining unit calculates a time curve of average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model, and specifically includes:
according to formula P wd,t =Spd t ×η trans2 Calculating a time curve for obtaining the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area;
wherein P is wd,t Representing the electric energy output power, spd, of a wind generating set at the time t obtained by a wind power generation classical model t Represents the wind speed, eta, per unit area at time t obtained from the annual wind speed data trans2 Representing the conversion efficiency of the wind park obtained from the classical model of wind power generation.
Preferably, the wind energy space development potential obtaining unit calculates an average installation cost of the wind generating set for each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the wind generating set, and specifically includes:
according to formula C wd =C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd Calculating and obtaining the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is wd Representing the average installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdper Representing the installation cost of the wind generating set per square meter, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind power plant.
Preferably, the urban energy consumption spatial distribution acquisition module 13 specifically includes:
the traffic energy consumption data acquisition unit is used for constructing an urban traffic simulation model based on individual daily activities based on the urban information model, and acquiring traffic energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban traffic simulation model;
the building energy consumption data acquisition unit is used for constructing a city building simulation model based on individual daily activities based on the city information model, and acquiring building energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the city information model according to the city building simulation model;
And the urban energy consumption spatial distribution acquisition unit is used for acquiring the spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model, the traffic energy consumption data and the building energy consumption data.
Preferably, the urban energy system planning and designing module 14 specifically includes:
and the renewable energy optimizing unit is used for minimizing and optimizing the total cost and the total carbon emission of the renewable energy by taking a total cost calculation formula and a total carbon emission calculation formula as objective functions and taking an energy network balance formula as a limiting condition according to the space development potential of the renewable energy and the space distribution of the urban energy consumption.
Preferably, the total cost calculation formula is: c (C) total =C inv +C op The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein C is total Representing the total cost; c (C) inv Representing investment costs, C op Representing the operating cost;
C inv =∑ i [θ ipv ×[C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv ×P pv (i)]+θ iwd ×[C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd ×P wd (i)]+θ ist ×(C stfix +C stper ×E max )+∑ j (θ i,j ×C pipeper ×D i,j )]the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the i. j represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the values of i and j are positive integers; θ ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist Indicating whether the ith building or traffic facility is provided with a photovoltaic generator set, a wind power generator set and energy storage equipment, and theta ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pvfix 、C wdfix 、C stfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generating set and the energy storage equipment; c (C) pvper 、C wdper 、C stper Representing the installation cost of each square meter of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generator set and the energy storage equipment; s is S pv 、S wd Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set; p (P) pv (i)、P wd (i) Representing the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of the ith building or transportation facility and the average wind power generation potential of the wind power generation unit; e (E) max Representing the installed capacity of the energy storage device; θ i,j Indicating whether or not an energy network, θ, is installed between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility i,j The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pipeper Representing the installation costs per meter of the energy network; d (D) i,j Representing the distance between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility;
C op =∑ i ∑ t [Cost grid ×P gridin (i,t)-Cost pv ×P pvout (i,t)-Cost wd ×P wdout (i,t)]x NPV; t represents a time index; cost (test) grid Representing the cost of purchasing power from an urban external grid, P gridin (i, t) represents the urban external grid power purchased by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) pv Representing the cost of selling solar power online, P pvout (i, t) represents the solar power sold by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) wd Representing the cost of selling wind energy and electricity on the internet, P wdout (i, t) represents wind energy power sold by an ith building or transportation facility at time t; NPV represents the net present value.
Preferably, the total carbon emission amount calculation formula is: carbons total =∑ i ∑ t [CF grid ×P grid (i,t)]；
Wherein, carbon total Representing the total carbon emissions; i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; CF (compact flash) grid Representing the average carbon emission factor, P, of an electrical power system grid (i, t) represents the urban energy consumption of the ith building or transportation facility at time t.
Preferably, the balance equation of the energy network includes:
Load(i,t)=P gridin (i,t)+P pvin (i,t)+P wdin (i, t); wherein i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; load (i, t) represents the total amount of electricity of the ith building or transportation facility at time t; p (P) gridin (i, t) represents the urban external grid power purchased by the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P pvin (i, t) represents a photovoltaic generator of an ith building or transportation facilitySolar power generated by group at time t and sold without surfing the internet, P wdin (i, t) represents wind energy power generated by a wind generating set of an ith building or transportation facility at a time t and not sold online;
E(i,t+1)=E(i,t)+P in (i,t)-P out (i, t); wherein E (i, t) represents the power stored by the energy storage device of the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P in (i, t) represents the power input from the urban energy system by the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P out (i, t) represents the power output from the urban energy system by the ith building or transportation facility at time t;
Load pv =S pv ×P pv (i,t)=P pvin +P pvout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load pv Representing total solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set, P pv (i, t) represents the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P pvin Representing solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set and not sold on the internet, P pvout Representing solar power sold;
Load wd =S wd ×P wd (i,t)=P wdin +P wdout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load wd Representing the total power of wind energy generated by a wind driven generator, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind generating set, P wd (i, t) represents the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P wdin Representing wind energy power generated by a wind generating set and not sold on the internet, P wdout Representing the wind power sold.
It should be noted that, the planning and designing system for the urban energy system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can implement all the processes of the planning and designing method for the urban energy system described in any one of the embodiments, and the functions and the implemented technical effects of each module and unit in the planning and designing system are respectively the same as those of the planning and designing method for the urban energy system described in the foregoing embodiment, and are not repeated herein.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. The planning and designing method of the urban energy system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
establishing a city information model according to city land data, city building data, city traffic data and city population data;
acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy sources according to the urban information model and the meteorological data;
acquiring energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data;
optimizing energy facility space arrangement and networking cost according to the space development potential of the renewable energy sources and the space distribution of the urban energy consumption;
the obtaining the meteorological data of the area corresponding to the city information model, and obtaining the space development potential of the renewable energy source according to the city information model and the meteorological data specifically comprises the following steps:
Acquiring renewable energy characteristic data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the meteorological data;
extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging renewable energy power generation equipment according to the city information model;
acquiring space development potential of renewable energy corresponding to all arrangement areas according to the renewable energy characteristic data, the renewable energy generation classical model and the installation cost of renewable energy generation equipment;
the obtaining the energy consumption data of the area corresponding to the city information model, and obtaining the space distribution of city energy consumption according to the city information model and the energy consumption data specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing an urban traffic simulation model based on individual daily activities on the basis of the urban information model, and acquiring traffic energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban traffic simulation model;
constructing an urban building simulation model based on individual daily activities on the basis of the urban information model, and acquiring building energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban building simulation model;
and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model, the traffic energy consumption data and the building energy consumption data.
2. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 1, wherein said modeling urban information based on urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data comprises:
drawing a land polygon layer in a geographic information system according to urban land data, and reading land information corresponding to the land polygon layer;
drawing a building polygon layer in a geographic information system according to city building data, and reading building information corresponding to the building polygon layer;
drawing a traffic system multi-section line graph layer in a geographic information system according to urban traffic data, and reading traffic information corresponding to the traffic system multi-section line graph layer;
drawing a population polygon layer in a geographic information system according to the urban population data, and reading population information corresponding to the population polygon layer;
and storing the land information, the building information, the traffic information and the population information into a preset database to obtain a city information model.
3. The method of planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 1, wherein said renewable energy source comprises solar energy; and acquiring the meteorological data of the area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring the space development potential of the renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
Acquiring solar radiation intensity time sequence data of an area corresponding to the urban information model;
extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging the photovoltaic generator set according to the city information model;
and acquiring space development potential of solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
4. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining space development potential of solar energy corresponding to all arrangement areas according to the solar radiation intensity time series data, the photovoltaic power generation classical model and the installation cost of the photovoltaic power generation unit specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating a time curve of average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time sequence data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model;
according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, calculating the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of the solar energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average photovoltaic power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the photovoltaic power generator set.
5. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 4, wherein calculating a time curve of average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of each arrangement area according to the solar radiation intensity time series data and the photovoltaic power generation classical model specifically comprises:
according to formula P pv,t =Rad t ×η trans1 Calculating a time curve for obtaining the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generator set of each arrangement area;
wherein P is pv,t Representing the electric energy output power of a photovoltaic generator set at the time t, obtained by a photovoltaic power generation classical model, rad t Representing solar radiation intensity per unit area at time t obtained from the solar radiation intensity time series data, eta trans1 Representing the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic generator set obtained from the classical model of photovoltaic generation.
6. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 4, wherein calculating the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set specifically comprises:
according to formula C pv =C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv Calculating to obtain the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is pv Representing the average installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, C pvper Representing the installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set per square meter, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set.
7. The method of planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 1, wherein said renewable energy source comprises wind energy; and acquiring the meteorological data of the area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquiring the space development potential of the renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
acquiring wind speed data and wind direction data of an area corresponding to the urban information model;
calculating annual wind speed data at a preset position on the surface of the city and the building according to the city information model, the wind speed data and the wind direction data;
extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging the wind generating set according to the city information model;
and acquiring the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the annual wind speed data, the wind power generation classical model and the installation cost of the wind generating set.
8. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 7, wherein the step of obtaining spatial development potential of wind energy corresponding to all arrangement areas according to the annual wind speed data, the classical model of wind power generation and the installation cost of the wind generating set specifically comprises the steps of:
Calculating a time curve of the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model;
according to the installation cost of the wind generating set, calculating the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
and obtaining the space development potential of wind energy corresponding to all the arrangement areas according to the time curve of the average wind power generation potential of each arrangement area and the average installation cost of the wind generating set.
9. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 8, wherein calculating a time curve of average wind power generation potential of the wind turbine generator set in each arrangement area according to the annual wind speed data and the wind power generation classical model specifically comprises:
according to formula P wd,t =Spd t ×η trans2 Calculating a time curve for obtaining the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of each arrangement area;
wherein P is wd,t Representing the electric energy output power, spd, of a wind generating set at the time t obtained by a wind power generation classical model t Represents the wind speed, eta, per unit area at time t obtained from the annual wind speed data trans2 Representing the conversion efficiency of the wind park obtained from the classical model of wind power generation.
10. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 8, wherein calculating an average installation cost of the wind power generator set for each arrangement area according to the installation cost of the wind power generator set comprises:
according to formula C wd =C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd Calculating and obtaining the average installation cost of the wind generating set in each arrangement area;
wherein C is wd Representing the average installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the wind generating set, C wdper Representing the installation cost of the wind generating set per square meter, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind power plant.
11. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 1, wherein said optimizing energy facility space arrangement and networking costs according to the space development potential of said renewable energy source and the space distribution of said municipal energy consumption comprises:
and according to the space development potential of the renewable energy source and the space distribution of the urban energy source consumption, taking a total cost calculation formula and a total carbon emission calculation formula as objective functions, and taking a balance equation of an energy network as a limiting condition, carrying out minimization optimization on the total cost and the total carbon emission of the renewable energy source.
12. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 11, wherein said total cost calculation formula is: c (C) total =C inv +C op The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein C is total Representing the total cost; c (C) inv Representing investment costs, C op Representing the operating cost;
C inv =∑ i [θ ipv ×[C pvfix +C pvper ×S pv ×P pv (i)]+θ iwd ×[C wdfix +C wdper ×S wd ×P wd (i)]+θ ist ×(C stfix +C stper ×E max )+∑ j (θ i,j ×C pipeper ×D i,j )]the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the i. j represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the values of i and j are positive integers; θ ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist Indicating whether the ith building or traffic facility is provided with a photovoltaic generator set, a wind power generator set and energy storage equipment, and theta ipv 、θ iwd 、θ ist The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pvfix 、C wdfix 、C stfix Representing the fixed installation cost of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generating set and the energy storage equipment; c (C) pvper 、C wdper 、C stper Representing the installation cost of each square meter of the photovoltaic generator set, the wind generator set and the energy storage equipment; s is S pv 、S wd Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set; p (P) pv (i)、P wd (i) Representing the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of the ith building or transportation facility and the average wind power generation potential of the wind power generation unit; e (E) max Representing the installed capacity of the energy storage device; θ i,j Indicating whether or not an energy network, θ, is installed between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility i,j The value of (2) is 0 or 1; c (C) pipeper Representing the installation costs per meter of the energy network; d (D) i,j Representing the distance between the ith building or transportation facility and the jth building or transportation facility;
C op =∑ i ∑ t [Cost grid ×P gridin (i,t)-Cost pv ×P pvout (i,t)-Cost wd ×P wdout (i,t)]x NPV; t represents a time index; cost (test) grid Representing the cost of purchasing power from an urban external grid, P gridin (i, t) represents the urban external grid power purchased by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) pv Representing the cost of selling solar power online, P pvout (i, t) represents the solar power sold by the ith building or transportation facility at time t; cost (test) wd Representing the sale of wind energy and electricity on the internetCost of P wdout (i, t) represents wind energy power sold by an ith building or transportation facility at time t; NPV represents the net present value.
13. The method for planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 11, wherein the total carbon emission amount calculation formula is: carbons total =∑ i ∑ t [CF grid ×P grid (i,t)]；
Wherein, carbon total Representing the total carbon emissions; i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; CF (compact flash) grid Representing the average carbon emission factor, P, of an electrical power system grid (i, t) represents the urban energy consumption of the ith building or transportation facility at time t.
14. The method of planning and designing a municipal energy system according to claim 11, wherein said energy network balance equation comprises:
Load(i,t)=P gridin (i,t)+P pvin (i,t)+P wdin (i, t); wherein i represents the index of each building or traffic facility in the city information model, and the value of i is a positive integer; t represents a time index; load (i, t) represents the total amount of electricity of the ith building or transportation facility at time t; p (P) gridin (i, t) represents the urban external grid power purchased by the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P pvin (i, t) represents solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set of an ith building or transportation facility at the time t and sold without surfing the internet, P wdin (i, t) represents wind energy power generated by a wind generating set of an ith building or transportation facility at a time t and not sold online;
E(i,t+1)=E(i,t)+P in (i,t)-P out (i, t); wherein E (i, t) represents the power stored by the energy storage device of the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P in (i, t) represents the power input from the urban energy system by the ith building or transportation facility at time t, P out (i, t) represents the ith building or transportation facilityThe power output from the urban energy system at time t;
Load pv =S pv ×P pv (i,t)=P pvin +P pvout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load pv Representing total solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set, S pv Representing the installation area of the photovoltaic generator set, P pv (i, t) represents the average photovoltaic power generation potential of the photovoltaic power generation unit of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P pvin Representing solar power generated by a photovoltaic generator set and not sold on the internet, P pvout Representing solar power sold;
Load wd =S wd ×P wd (i,t)=P wdin +P wdout the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Load wd Representing the total power of wind energy generated by a wind driven generator, S wd Representing the installation area of the wind generating set, P wd (i, t) represents the average wind power generation potential of the wind generating set of the ith building or transportation facility at the time t, P wdin Representing wind energy power generated by a wind generating set and not sold on the internet, P wdout Representing the wind power sold.
15. A planning and designing system for an urban energy system, characterized in that it is used for implementing the planning and designing method for an urban energy system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the planning and designing system comprising:
the urban information model building module is used for building an urban information model according to urban land data, urban building data, urban traffic data and urban population data;
the energy space development potential acquisition module is used for acquiring meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model and acquiring space development potential of renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data;
the urban energy consumption spatial distribution acquisition module is used for acquiring energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model and acquiring spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model and the energy consumption data;
The urban energy system planning and designing module is used for optimizing the spatial arrangement of energy facilities and the networking cost according to the spatial development potential of the renewable energy sources and the spatial distribution of urban energy consumption;
the energy space development potential acquisition module acquires meteorological data of an area corresponding to the urban information model, and acquires space development potential of renewable energy according to the urban information model and the meteorological data, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring renewable energy characteristic data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the meteorological data;
extracting at least one arrangement area suitable for arranging renewable energy power generation equipment according to the city information model;
acquiring space development potential of renewable energy corresponding to all arrangement areas according to the renewable energy characteristic data, the renewable energy generation classical model and the installation cost of renewable energy generation equipment;
the urban energy consumption space distribution acquisition module specifically comprises:
the traffic energy consumption data acquisition unit is used for constructing an urban traffic simulation model based on individual daily activities based on the urban information model, and acquiring traffic energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the urban information model according to the urban traffic simulation model;
The building energy consumption data acquisition unit is used for constructing a city building simulation model based on individual daily activities based on the city information model, and acquiring building energy consumption data of an area corresponding to the city information model according to the city building simulation model;
and the urban energy consumption spatial distribution acquisition unit is used for acquiring the spatial distribution of urban energy consumption according to the urban information model, the traffic energy consumption data and the building energy consumption data.
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