CN117150804A - Bridge crane tamping operation simulation method, device, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Bridge crane tamping operation simulation method, device, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, and discloses a bridge crane tamping operation simulation method, device, equipment and medium, comprising the following steps: constructing a large-machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model according to the component structure effect between the entity units; applying dynamic tamping operation load in a large machine tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamic model to simulate large machine tamping operation, so as to obtain bridge dynamic response; in a large-machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamic model, determining the dynamic characteristics of a bridge body according to the tamping operation frequency and the inserting depth; and determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the dynamic response of the bridge body and the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body. The invention can improve the simulation effect when the large-scale tamping operation simulation of the heavy haul railway bridge section is performed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a bridge crane tamping operation simulation method, device, equipment and medium.
Background
In recent years, large-scale tamping cars, power stabilizing cars and other large-scale road maintenance equipment are widely used in China, and are essential important equipment in the process of railway maintenance operation. The tamping operation is a main means for recovering the geometric dimension of the track, and for the bridge section line, the ballast track on the bridge is influenced by the bridge structure and the dimension, so that the operation difficulty of the mechanized large machine is high. The heavy-load railway line runs through long-term vehicles, and the powder, broken small stone ballasts, natural dust and coal ash generated by contact and friction among railway ballasts aggravate the dirt hardening and the line slurry pumping of the railway ballasts, so that the quality state of the railway and the passing performance of a train are seriously affected. The ballast track system has the advantages that the ballast track system is large in transportation capacity and axle weight of a heavy-duty railway, the broken stone ballast bed is fast in degradation and dirt speed, and the ballast track system can be used for carrying out large-machine operation on a ballast track line, so that the line quality state and the train passing performance can be improved.
At present, research on the tamping operation of a ballast bed on a bridge is deficient, influence of the tamping operation on a bridge body is not considered in many researches, and the dynamic response of the bridge body under the tamping operation of the bridge and the influence rules of different tamping operation parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body are still not clear, so that the simulation effect of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large-scale tamping operation of the heavy-duty railway bridge section is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a simulation method, a device, equipment and a medium for bridge crane tamping operation.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation method for tamping operation of a bridge crane, including:
constructing a large-machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model according to the part structure action between preset entity units;
applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the ballast bed and the bridge for carrying out the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine to obtain the dynamic response of the bridge body;
in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large machine tamping operation, the ballasted ballast bed and the bridge, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body are determined according to preset tamping operation frequency and preset inserting depth;
and determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the bridge body dynamic response and the bridge body dynamic characteristic.
According to the embodiment of the invention, before the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast bed and the bridge for the large-scale tamping operation is constructed according to the component structure function among the preset entity units, the integrated space coupling dynamics model further comprises:
Generating a steel rail entity unit model according to a preset entity stretching and a preset steel rail profile;
generating a sleeper entity unit model according to a preset rectangular entity unit;
generating a ballasted track bed solid unit model according to a preset full bridge range and a preset track bed cross section size;
generating a bridge entity unit model according to the preset bridge section attribute, and generating a bridge pier entity unit model according to the preset bridge pier section attribute;
constructing a tamping car operation model according to preset tamping car parameters;
and aggregating the steel rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted track bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model and the tamping car operation model into the entity unit.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the construction of the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large-scale tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge according to the component structure function between the preset entity units includes:
performing component assembly on the steel rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted ballast bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model and the tamping car operation model according to a preset component structure effect to obtain a target assembly model;
And adding preset boundary conditions to the target assembly model to generate the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the assembling of the components of the rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted ballast bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model, and the tamping car operation model according to the preset component structure effect, the method further includes:
connecting the steel rail entity unit model with the sleeper entity unit model through a preset fastener to obtain a first component structure connection;
connecting the sleeper solid unit model with the ballasted ballast bed solid unit model through preset surface-to-surface contact to obtain a second component structure connection;
connecting the ballasted ballast bed solid unit model with the bridge solid unit model through preset surface-to-surface contact to obtain a third component structural connection;
connecting the bridge solid unit model with the bridge pier solid unit model according to a preset spring damping unit to obtain a fourth component structural connection;
Connecting the tamping car operation model with a preset target car body part according to a preset spring damping unit to obtain a fifth part structural connection;
and collecting the first component structure connection, the second component structure connection, the third component structure connection, the fourth component structure connection and the fifth component structure connection as component structure functions.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for performing a simulation of a tamping operation of a large machine by applying a dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the tamping operation of the large machine, the ballasted ballast bed and the bridge, includes:
applying transverse exciting load to a target solid component through a tamping drum device of a preset tamping car to obtain a first target interaction;
applying a vertical downward pressing load to a target entity part through a tamping drum device of a preset tamping car to obtain a second target interaction;
calculating the disturbance degree and the vertical acceleration of the target entity part according to the first target interaction and the second target interaction by using a preset beam structure dynamics equation;
calculating the acceleration and displacement of the target entity part according to the first target interaction and the second target interaction by using a preset finite element algorithm;
And determining the dynamic response of the bridge body according to the acceleration, the displacement, the disturbance and the vertical acceleration.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determining the overall process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the bridge dynamic response and the bridge dynamic characteristic includes:
visualizing response parameters in the bridge body dynamic response and vibration parameters in the bridge body dynamic characteristics to obtain visual parameters;
and determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the visual parameters.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for performing a simulation of a tamping operation of a large machine by applying a dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the tamping operation of the large machine, the ballasted ballast bed and the bridge, includes:
applying concentrated acting force and connecting acting force to the target vehicle body part in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast track bed and the bridge in the large-machine tamping operation;
simulating the dead weight load of the tamping car according to the concentrated acting force and the connecting acting force;
and carrying out operation simulation on the tamping of the large machine through the dead weight load of the tamping car to obtain the dynamic response of the bridge body.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation device for tamping operation of a bridge crane, which is characterized by comprising:
the space coupling dynamics model construction module is used for constructing an integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast track bed and the bridge of the large-scale tamping operation according to the component structure action among the preset entity units;
the bridge body dynamic response determining module is used for applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the bridge to simulate the tamping operation of the bridge body, so as to obtain bridge body dynamic response;
the bridge body dynamic characteristic determining module is used for determining the bridge body dynamic characteristic according to preset tamping operation frequency and preset inserting depth in the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the large-machine tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge;
and the whole process simulation result determining module is used for determining a whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the bridge body dynamic response and the bridge body dynamic characteristic.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
Wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement a bridge crane tamping operation simulation method as described in the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements a bridge crane tamping operation simulation method as described in the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, by fully considering the structures such as the steel rail, the fastener, the sleeper, the ballast bed, the bridge and the like and the action of the large-scale tamping vehicle, the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast bed and the bridge is established, the method can be suitable for the simulation analysis of the large-scale tamping operation of the heavy-load railway bridge section, the simulation of the tamping operation with different depths and different positions can be realized by changing the space position of the tamping load, the simulation of the whole process of the tamping operation is realized, the structural dynamic response such as sleeper displacement, bridge body transverse displacement and deflection, bridge body acceleration and support stress is calculated, the stress and deformation of the structures of the bridge detail under the large-scale tamping operation can be obtained, and the service can be provided for the research on the influence of the bridge body and the evaluation of the operation effect of the ballast bed tamping operation on the heavy-load railway bridge. Therefore, the simulation method, the device, the equipment and the medium for the tamping operation of the bridge crane can solve the problem of poor simulation effect when the tamping operation simulation of the bridge crane of the heavy haul railway is performed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a workflow diagram of a simulation method for bridge crane tamping operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a rail model according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a sleeper model according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a ballast bed model according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a bridge girder model according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a pier model according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a tamping body model, according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of a rail to tie connection according to a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a bridge body and pier connection according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a model of a dynamic model of integrated space coupling of a ballast bed and a bridge during a tamping operation of a large machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the longitudinal displacement of a bridge according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of bridge deflection according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the vertical acceleration of the bridge body according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14a shows a schematic view of rail lateral acceleration according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14b shows a schematic view of the vertical acceleration of the rail according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14c shows a schematic view of the lateral displacement of the rail according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 14d shows a schematic view of the vertical displacement of the rail according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15a is a schematic view showing the lateral acceleration of a sleeper according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15b is a schematic view showing the vertical acceleration of the sleeper according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15c is a schematic view showing the lateral displacement of a sleeper according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15d is a schematic view showing the vertical displacement of the sleeper according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram showing a simulation device for tamping operation of a bridge crane according to the third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram of a composition structure of an electronic device for implementing the simulation method for the tamping operation of the bridge crane according to the fourth embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The disclosure is further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The application provides a bridge large machine tamping operation simulation method based on a track traffic technology, which is based on a three-dimensional finite element simulation model theory and combines a loading method to build a large machine tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model so as to realize overall process simulation of the tamping operation. Compared with the traditional method, the simulation and simulation technical effect of the bridge large-machine tamping operation is better, the artificial subjectivity is reduced, and the method has great potential and application prospect in research and application of influence on a bridge body of the ballast bed tamping operation on a heavy haul railway bridge.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the application provides a simulation method for tamping operation of a bridge crane, which comprises the following steps:
S1, constructing a large-machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model according to the structure action among preset entity units.
In the embodiment of the invention, the three-dimensional finite element simulation model of the tamping operation load is considered by fully considering the structural interaction of the steel rail, the sleeper, the ballast bed, the bridge and the bridge pier, namely the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast bed and the bridge for the tamping operation of the large machine, wherein the steel rail, the sleeper, the ballast bed, the bridge and the bridge pier are simulated by adopting the entity units, so that the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast bed and the bridge for the tamping operation of the large machine is constructed, and the whole process simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine can be performed.
In the embodiment of the invention, before the construction of the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast track bed and the bridge for the large-scale tamping operation according to the component structure action between the preset entity units, the method further comprises the following steps:
generating a steel rail entity unit model according to a preset entity stretching and a preset steel rail profile;
generating a sleeper entity unit model according to a preset rectangular entity unit;
generating a ballasted track bed solid unit model according to a preset full bridge range and a preset track bed cross section size;
Generating a bridge entity unit model according to the preset bridge section attribute, and generating a bridge pier entity unit model according to the preset bridge pier section attribute;
constructing a tamping car operation model according to preset tamping car parameters;
and aggregating the steel rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted track bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model and the tamping car operation model into the entity unit.
In detail, the solid units comprise steel rails, sleepers, track beds, bridges and piers, wherein the steel rails are simulated by the solid units, as shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a steel rail model, and are modeled by adopting a solid stretching mode by referring to actual parameters of 75 sections of the heavy haul railway, the length of the steel rails is 200m, the cross sections of the steel rails are reasonably divided according to the profile of the steel rails, and the longitudinal grid division is performed according to the size of 0.1 m. According to the physical properties of the actual steel, material parameters are set and a steel rail model is provided, the density is 7800kg/m3, the Young modulus is 2.06 multiplied by 1011Pa, the Poisson ratio is 0.3, the Rayleigh damping constant alpha is 7, and the Rayleigh damping constant beta is 1 multiplied by 10 < -6 >. As shown in fig. 3, a sleeper model is schematically shown, and the sleeper is established by adopting rectangular solid units according to the size of a III-type concrete bridge sleeper, wherein the sizes are 2600mm multiplied by 320mm multiplied by 240mm. The sleeper model is subjected to grid division according to the size of 0.05m, and material parameters are set according to the actual concrete sleeper properties. As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a ballast bed model, the ballast bed structure on the bridge is laid in the full bridge range, and the ballast bed is simulated by adopting entity units for the ballasted track, and the discrete characteristics of the ballast bed are not considered. According to TB 10625-2017 heavy haul railway design specification, the cross section size of a ballast bed model is set, material parameters are set to be reference test data or engineering data to be valued, and sleeper positions are reserved in the ballast bed entity model according to actual sleeper intervals in a grid entity editing mode. As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of a bridge body model, a bridge is modeled according to actual section properties by adopting entity units according to a double-line simply supported T-shaped bridge of a heavy-load railway, the width of the bridge is 9100mm, the distance from a bridge surface to a pier bottom is 2600mm, and material parameters are valued according to actual engineering data. As shown in fig. 6, a schematic diagram of a pier model is shown, and the pier is simulated by using an entity unit. And modeling according to the actual section attribute, and endowing the concrete material attribute. And the bridge pier are subjected to grid division according to the size of 0.1 m. As shown in fig. 7, a simplified tamping car model is created based on actual tamping car parameters. The model comprises a vehicle body, a bogie, a wheel set and a tamping device. The vehicle body adopts rectangular entity simulation, a bogie and wheel sets are used for referring to actual conditions to establish a refined model, the tamping device comprises 8 pairs of 16 tamping picks, and the tamping picks are used for referring to the actual conditions to establish. The vehicle body, the bogie, the wheel set and the tamping device are all considered as rigid bodies, and are assembled according to actual conditions, so that the establishment of the tamping vehicle model is completed.
Further, after different entity models are built, the different entity models are required to be connected through the connection relation among the components, so that a space coupling dynamics model integrating the tamping operation of the large machine, the ballast bed and the bridge is built.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast track bed and the bridge for the tamping operation of the large machine can be constructed through the assembly among different entity models and the connection relation among different components, so that the whole process simulation of the tamping operation is realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the construction of the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large-scale tamping operation, the ballasted track bed and the bridge according to the component structure function among the preset entity units comprises the following steps:
performing component assembly on the steel rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted ballast bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model and the tamping car operation model according to a preset component structure effect to obtain a target assembly model;
and adding preset boundary conditions to the target assembly model to generate the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge.
In detail, the steel rail, the sleeper, the ballast bed, the bridge pier and the tamping car are assembled, each part of entity model is led into an assembly module, and the entity is moved to the corresponding position, so that the assembly of the ballast track structure on the bridge is completed. The integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast bed and the bridge of the large-scale tamping operation can be generated through the component connection relation among the components and the set boundary conditions, wherein the boundary conditions are displacement boundary conditions for limiting rotation in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction of the fasteners adopted by the steel rail and the sleeper, the longitudinal boundary conditions are arranged at the beam end of the steel rail, and the displacement boundary conditions for limiting rotation in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction of the movable support and the fixed support of the bridge are arranged; the left and right two steel rails are provided with displacement boundary conditions for limiting longitudinal displacement and transverse and vertical rotation, and the bottom of the pier is provided with displacement boundary conditions for completely fixing the two steel rails transversely, longitudinally and vertically.
Furthermore, the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast bed and the bridge for the tamping operation of the large machine can be built through the connection relation among all the components.
In the embodiment of the invention, the component structure function refers to the connection relation between different components, and further the component large machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model is based on the connection relation of the different components.
In the embodiment of the present invention, before the assembling of the components of the rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted ballast bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model, and the tamping car operation model according to the preset component structure function, the method further includes:
connecting the steel rail entity unit model with the sleeper entity unit model through a preset fastener to obtain a first component structure connection;
connecting the sleeper solid unit model with the ballasted ballast bed solid unit model through preset surface-to-surface contact to obtain a second component structure connection;
connecting the ballasted ballast bed solid unit model with the bridge solid unit model through preset surface-to-surface contact to obtain a third component structural connection;
connecting the bridge solid unit model with the bridge pier solid unit model according to a preset spring damping unit to obtain a fourth component structural connection;
connecting the tamping car operation model with a preset target car body part according to a preset spring damping unit to obtain a fifth part structural connection;
And collecting the first component structure connection, the second component structure connection, the third component structure connection, the fourth component structure connection and the fifth component structure connection as component structure functions.
In detail, the first component structural connection refers to a connection relationship between a rail and a sleeper, the second component structural connection refers to a connection relationship between a sleeper and a track bed, the third component structural connection refers to a connection relationship between a track bed and a bridge, the fourth component structural connection refers to a connection relationship between a bridge and a bridge pier, and the fifth component structural connection refers to a connection relationship between a tamping operation model and a bogie, a bogie and a wheel set, and a vehicle body and a tamping device, wherein the target vehicle body component comprises a bogie, a bogie and a wheel set, and a vehicle body and a tamping device.
Specifically, the rail and the sleeper are connected by adopting a fastener, and the fastener is simulated by adopting a spring damping unit. As shown in fig. 8, a schematic diagram of connection between a rail and a sleeper is shown, line characteristics are established according to corresponding points at the bottom of the rail and the middle of the sleeper selected at intervals of 0.6m, a cartesian type connection relationship is given to the lines, rotation in x, y and z directions is limited, and transverse, longitudinal and vertical rigidity and damping of the fastener are comprehensively simulated. The sleeper and the track bed and the beam body are connected in a surface-to-surface contact manner, normal and tangential contact parameters are set, wherein the friction coefficient is 0.7, and the sleeper, the track bed and Liang Tibang are integrated. As shown in fig. 9, the bridge body is connected with the bridge pier by adopting a support, one end of the bridge is set as a movable support, the other end is set as a fixed support, the support is simulated by adopting a spring damping unit, and the longitudinal resistance and the transverse resistance are valued according to the specification. The tamping car body and the bogie, the bogie and the wheel set, and the car body and the tamping device are all restrained by adopting an MPC beam and are connected through a spring damping unit.
Further, as shown in fig. 10, a model schematic diagram of a space coupling dynamics model of the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast bed and the bridge of the tamping operation of the large machine is shown, and the whole process simulation of the tamping operation is realized through the space coupling dynamics model constructed through the connection relationship among the components and the boundary conditions by the established entity models of the components of the rail, the sleeper, the ballast bed, the bridge, the pier and the tamping car.
S2, applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the large machine to simulate the tamping operation of the large machine, and obtaining dynamic response of the bridge body.
In the embodiment of the invention, the dynamic response of the bridge body refers to the vibration condition of the bridge under the action of external load or vibration, and describes the dynamic response characteristics of deformation, displacement, stress and the like of the bridge body structure under the action of power. The dynamic tamping operation load means that the space position of the load can be dynamically changed so as to realize the tamping operation simulation of different depths and different positions.
In the embodiment of the invention, the step of applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the large machine to simulate the tamping operation of the large machine and obtain dynamic response of the bridge body comprises the following steps:
Applying transverse exciting load to a target solid component through a tamping drum device of a preset tamping car to obtain a first target interaction;
applying a vertical downward pressing load to a target entity part through a tamping drum device of a preset tamping car to obtain a second target interaction;
calculating the disturbance degree and the vertical acceleration of the target entity part according to the first target interaction and the second target interaction by using a preset beam structure dynamics equation;
calculating the acceleration and displacement of the target entity part according to the first target interaction and the second target interaction by using a preset finite element algorithm;
and determining the dynamic response of the bridge body according to the acceleration, the displacement, the disturbance and the vertical acceleration.
In detail, according to the tamping operation process of the entity large machine, the interaction of the tamping pick and the ballast bed is simulated by directly applying transverse shock loads and vertical downward pressure loads with the same size and opposite directions to the ballast bed through the tamping device in the tamping car. The bridge span is taken as a research object, the deflection and the vertical acceleration of the bridge are calculated through a bridge structural dynamics equation (such as an Euler beam equation), the bridge support is selected as the research object, the longitudinal displacement of the bridge in the tamping operation process is calculated through a numerical algorithm (finite element method), and the dynamics equation is discretized and solved. In general, time stepping methods (e.g., explicit or implicit) can be used to simulate the time course of the load and calculate the bridge displacement and acceleration at each time step.
Specifically, the bridge span is taken as a research object, deflection and vertical acceleration of the bridge span are calculated, a bridge support is selected as the research object, longitudinal displacement of the bridge in the tamping operation process is calculated, as shown in fig. 11, the bridge longitudinal displacement is shown as a schematic diagram, and the generated bridge longitudinal displacement is different at different times; as shown in fig. 12, a bridge deflection diagram is shown, in the initial stage, the bridge deflection is changed moderately, in the middle stage, the bridge deflection is changed slightly, and in the subsequent stage, the bridge deflection is changed greatly; as shown in fig. 13, the bridge vertical acceleration is schematically shown, in the initial stage, the bridge vertical acceleration changes moderately, in the middle stage, the bridge vertical acceleration changes slightly, and in the subsequent stage, the bridge vertical acceleration changes greatly, and in fig. 11 to fig. 13, it can be seen from the calculation results: the longitudinal displacement of the bridge body has little change in tamping, the deflection and vertical acceleration of the bridge body are shown as small response in the early stage of tamping operation, the change is stable, the amplitude is gradually increased in the later stage of operation, and the fluctuation of the change is obvious. Selecting a steel rail of the area right below the tamping pick of the tamping car to calculate the acceleration and displacement, wherein the acceleration and displacement are shown in fig. 14a, which is a schematic diagram of the transverse acceleration of the steel rail, the transverse acceleration change of the steel rail is firstly increased and then decreased, and the transverse acceleration peak value of the steel rail is 30.75m/s2; as shown in fig. 14b, the vertical acceleration of the steel rail is changed into a first increase and then decrease, and the maximum vertical acceleration is 163m/s2; as shown in fig. 14c, the change of the transverse displacement of the steel rail is that the transverse displacement is increased and then reduced, the peak value of the transverse displacement is 0.85mm, and as shown in fig. 14d, the change of the vertical displacement of the steel rail is that the vertical displacement is increased and then reduced, and the peak value of the vertical displacement is 1.66mm. The sleeper at the position of the area right below the tamping pick of the tamping car is selected to calculate the acceleration and displacement, as shown in fig. 15a, the transverse acceleration change of the sleeper is firstly increased and then decreased, and the transverse acceleration peak value of the sleeper is 30.4m/s 2; as shown in fig. 15b, the vertical acceleration of the rail is changed into a first increase and then decrease, and the vertical acceleration peak value is 34.8m/s2; as shown in fig. 15c, the transverse displacement of the sleeper is changed to be increased and then reduced, the transverse displacement peak value is 0.57mm, and as shown in fig. 15d, the vertical displacement of the rail is changed to be increased and then reduced, and the vertical displacement peak value is 0.81mm.
Further, by applying transverse exciting load and vertical pressing load to the corresponding positions of the tamping pick and the ballast bed for tamping operation, tamping operation simulation of different depths and different positions can be realized by changing the space positions of the tamping load, so that bridge dynamic response is obtained, and in order to realize overall process simulation of the tamping operation, the accuracy of the simulation process is improved, and the bridge dynamic characteristic is required to be determined.
S3, in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large machine tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body are determined according to preset tamping operation frequency and preset inserting depth.
In the embodiment of the invention, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body describe the inherent properties of the bridge body under free vibration or forced vibration, including self-vibration frequency, vibration mode, damping, rigidity and the like, and when tamping operation is performed, the vibration frequency and the inserting depth can influence the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the large machine, the method for determining the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body according to the preset tamping operation frequency and the preset inserting depth comprises the following steps:
Determining the vibration frequency of the bridge body according to the preset tamping drum operation frequency;
determining the vibration transmission characteristic of the bridge body according to the preset inserting depth;
and determining the dynamic characteristic of the bridge body according to the vibration frequency and the vibration transmission characteristic of the bridge body.
In detail, if the vibration frequency of the tamping operation approaches to the natural vibration frequency of the bridge body, a resonance phenomenon of the bridge body may be caused, resulting in an excessive vibration response of the bridge body, and even structural damage may be induced. Therefore, when tamping, the vibration frequency different from the self-vibration frequency of the bridge body should be selected as much as possible to avoid resonance; the vibration frequency also affects the damping characteristics of the bridge. The proper vibration frequency can help the bridge consume energy during vibration, reducing vibration response. Higher vibration frequencies generally increase the damping effect and thus reduce the vibration amplitude.
Specifically, the insertion depth affects the extent to which vibratory forces applied by the tamping operation are transferred to the bridge foundation soil layer. Deeper depths of insertion may allow vibratory forces to be transferred into deeper soil layers, affecting more soil quality. However, it should be noted that if the insertion depth is too large, the stability of the bridge may be negatively affected, because the vibration force may disturb the deeper soil layer, resulting in soil liquefaction and the like. Different soil types have different dynamic response characteristics. The selection of the depth of insertion should be determined according to the specific soil conditions to ensure proper vibration transmission and improvement. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body are determined through the tamping operation frequency and the inserting depth in the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the ballast bed and the bridge.
And S4, determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the dynamic response of the bridge body and the dynamic characteristic of the bridge body.
In the embodiment of the invention, the whole process simulation result is that the tamping operation simulation of different depths and different positions is realized by changing the space position of the tamping load, thereby realizing the whole process simulation of the tamping operation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method for determining the overall process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the bridge dynamic response and the bridge dynamic characteristic comprises the following steps:
visualizing response parameters in the bridge body dynamic response and vibration parameters in the bridge body dynamic characteristics to obtain visual parameters;
and determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the visual parameters.
In detail, the response parameters in the dynamic response of the bridge body and the vibration parameters in the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body are displayed as visual parameters, namely, the visual display is performed through a graph, such as a bridge body displacement graph, an acceleration graph and the like, so that the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine can be intuitively observed according to the visual parameters.
Furthermore, the whole process simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine considers the interaction between the tamping operation of the large machine and the ballast bed and the bridge body, and the stress and deformation conditions of the bridge and the dynamic response of the bridge body under different tamping operation parameters can be simulated and calculated, so that the research on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body under the tamping operation is facilitated.
Example two
In order to more clearly understand the present invention, in order to make the simulation of the large tamping operation more comprehensive, the present invention is further explained by a second embodiment, and the dynamic tamping operation load is applied in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large tamping operation, the ballasted track bed and the bridge to perform the simulation of the large tamping operation, so as to obtain the dynamic response condition of the bridge body.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to simulate the heavy-duty bridge crane tamping operation from different directions and different positions, the self-weight load of the tamping car is simulated by concentrating acting force and connecting acting force, so that the simulation of the large tamping operation is more comprehensive.
In the embodiment of the invention, the step of applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the large machine to simulate the tamping operation of the large machine and obtain dynamic response of the bridge body comprises the following steps:
Applying concentrated acting force and connecting acting force to the target vehicle body part in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast track bed and the bridge in the large-machine tamping operation;
simulating the dead weight load of the tamping car according to the concentrated acting force and the connecting acting force;
and carrying out operation simulation on the tamping of the large machine through the dead weight load of the tamping car to obtain the dynamic response of the bridge body.
In detail, corresponding concentrated acting force and connecting acting force are applied to a tamping car body, a bogie, a wheel set, a primary suspension and a secondary suspension, the self-weight load action of the tamping car is simulated, the self-weight load of the tamping car is applied to a space coupling dynamic model of the integrated ballast bed and the bridge in the large-machine tamping operation, the deflection and vertical acceleration of the tamping car on the bridge are obtained, the acceleration and displacement of the steel rail and the sleeper are obtained, and accordingly the dynamic response of the bridge is determined according to the self-weight load of the tamping car.
Example III
As shown in fig. 16, this embodiment also provides a functional block diagram of a simulation device for tamping operation of a bridge crane.
The simulation device 100 for tamping operation of the bridge crane according to the embodiment may be installed in a device. According to the implemented functions, the bridge crane tamping operation simulation device 100 may include a space coupling dynamics model construction module 101, a bridge body dynamic response determination module 102, a bridge body dynamic characteristic determination module 103, and a whole process simulation result determination module 104. The module of the invention, which may also be referred to as a unit, refers to a series of computer program segments, which are stored in the memory of the device, capable of being executed by the processor of the device and of performing a fixed function.
In the present embodiment, the functions concerning the respective modules/units are as follows:
the space coupling dynamics model construction module 101 is used for constructing an integrated space coupling dynamics model of a large-scale tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge according to the component structure action among preset entity units;
the bridge dynamic response determining module 102 is configured to apply a dynamic tamping load to the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge for performing a simulation of the tamping operation of the bridge, so as to obtain a bridge dynamic response;
the bridge body dynamic characteristic determining module 103 is configured to determine, in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large-scale tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge, a bridge body dynamic characteristic according to a preset tamping operation frequency and a preset insertion depth;
the whole process simulation result determining module 104 is configured to determine a whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the main machine according to the bridge dynamic response and the bridge dynamic characteristic.
In detail, each module in the bridge crane tamping operation simulation device 100 in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the same technical means as the bridge crane tamping operation simulation method in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and can produce the same technical effects, which are not described herein.
Example IV
As shown in fig. 17, the present embodiment further provides a computer device, which may include a processor 10, a memory 11, a communication bus 12, and a communication interface 13, and may further include a computer program, such as a bridge crane tamping operation simulation program, stored in the memory 11 and executable on the processor 10.
The processor 10 may be formed by an integrated circuit in some embodiments, for example, a single packaged integrated circuit, or may be formed by a plurality of integrated circuits packaged with the same function or different functions, including one or more central processing units (Central Processing unit, CPU), a microprocessor, a digital processing chip, a graphics processor, a combination of various control chips, and so on. The processor 10 is a Control Unit (Control Unit) of the apparatus, connects various parts of the entire apparatus using various interfaces and lines, and executes various functions of the apparatus and processes data by running or executing programs or modules (e.g., executing a bridge girder tamping job simulation program, etc.) stored in the memory 11, and calling data stored in the memory 11.
The memory 11 includes at least one type of medium including flash memory, a removable hard disk, a multimedia card, a card type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc. The memory 11 may in some embodiments be an internal storage unit of the device, such as a removable hard disk of the device. The memory 11 may in other embodiments also be an external storage device of the device, such as a plug-in mobile hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash Card (Flash Card) or the like, which are provided on the device. Further, the memory 11 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the device. The memory 11 may be used not only for storing application software installed in the apparatus and various kinds of data, such as codes of simulation programs of bridge crane tamping operations, but also for temporarily storing data that has been output or is to be output.
The communication bus 12 may be a peripheral component interconnect standard (peripheral component interconnect, PCI) bus, or an extended industry standard architecture (extended industry standard architecture, EISA) bus, among others. The bus may be classified as an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus is arranged to enable a connection communication between the memory 11 and at least one processor 10 etc.
The communication interface 13 is used for communication between the above-mentioned devices and other devices, including a network interface and a user interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and/or a wireless interface (e.g., WI-FI interface, bluetooth interface, etc.), typically used to establish a communication connection between the device and other devices. The user interface may be a Display (Display), an input unit such as a Keyboard (Keyboard), or alternatively a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touch, or the like. The display may also be referred to as a display screen or display unit, as appropriate, for displaying information processed in the device and for displaying a visual user interface.
Only devices having components are shown, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structures shown in the figures are not limiting of the devices and may include fewer or more components than shown, or some combination of components, or a different arrangement of components.
For example, although not shown, the apparatus may further include a power source (such as a battery) for supplying power to the respective components, and preferably, the power source may be logically connected to the at least one processor 10 through a power management device, so that functions of charge management, discharge management, power consumption management, etc. are implemented through the power management device. The power supply may also include one or more of any of a direct current or alternating current power supply, recharging device, power failure detection circuit, power converter or inverter, power status indicator, etc. The device may also include various sensors, bluetooth modules, wi-Fi modules, etc., which are not described in detail herein.
It should be understood that the embodiments described are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited to this configuration in the scope of the patent application.
The bridge crane tamping operation simulation program stored in the memory 11 in the device is a combination of a plurality of instructions, and when running in the processor 10, the simulation program can realize:
constructing a large-machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model according to the part structure action between preset entity units;
applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the ballast bed and the bridge for carrying out the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine to obtain the dynamic response of the bridge body;
In the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large machine tamping operation, the ballasted ballast bed and the bridge, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body are determined according to preset tamping operation frequency and preset inserting depth;
and determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the bridge body dynamic response and the bridge body dynamic characteristic.
In particular, the specific implementation method of the above instructions by the processor 10 may refer to the description of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiment of the drawings, which is not repeated herein.
Further, the device-integrated modules/units may be stored in a medium if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products. The medium may be volatile or nonvolatile. For example, the computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a U disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer Memory, a Read-Only Memory (ROM).
Example five
The present embodiment provides a medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the bridge crane tamping operation simulation method as described above.
These program code may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows.
Media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage may be implemented in any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of media may include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, read only compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
In the several embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, device and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is merely a logical function division, and there may be other manners of division when actually implemented.
The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional module in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units can be realized in a form of hardware or a form of hardware and a form of software functional modules.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.
The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The embodiment of the application can acquire and process the related data based on the artificial intelligence technology. Among these, artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence, AI) is the theory, method, technique and application system that uses a digital computer or a digital computer-controlled machine to simulate, extend and extend human intelligence, sense the environment, acquire knowledge and use knowledge to obtain optimal results.
Furthermore, it is evident that the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and that the singular does not exclude a plurality. A plurality of units or means recited in the system claims can also be implemented by means of software or hardware by means of one unit or means. The terms first, second, etc. are used to denote a name, but not any particular order.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The bridge crane tamping operation simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing a large-machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model according to the part structure action between preset entity units;
applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the ballast bed and the bridge for carrying out the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine to obtain the dynamic response of the bridge body;
in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large machine tamping operation, the ballasted ballast bed and the bridge, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge body are determined according to preset tamping operation frequency and preset inserting depth;
and determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the bridge body dynamic response and the bridge body dynamic characteristic.
2. The simulation method for the bridge crane tamping operation according to claim 1, wherein before the crane tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model is constructed according to the component structure function between the preset entity units, the simulation method further comprises:
generating a steel rail entity unit model according to a preset entity stretching and a preset steel rail profile;
Generating a sleeper entity unit model according to a preset rectangular entity unit;
generating a ballasted track bed solid unit model according to a preset full bridge range and a preset track bed cross section size;
generating a bridge entity unit model according to the preset bridge section attribute, and generating a bridge pier entity unit model according to the preset bridge pier section attribute;
constructing a tamping car operation model according to preset tamping car parameters;
and aggregating the steel rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted track bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model and the tamping car operation model into the entity unit.
3. The simulation method for the bridge crane tamping operation according to claim 2, wherein the construction of the crane tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge integrated space coupling dynamics model according to the component structure function between the preset entity units comprises the following steps:
performing component assembly on the steel rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted ballast bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model and the tamping car operation model according to a preset component structure effect to obtain a target assembly model;
And adding preset boundary conditions to the target assembly model to generate the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the large machine tamping operation-ballasted track bed-bridge.
4. The simulation method for tamping operation of a bridge crane according to claim 3, wherein before the assembling of the components of the rail entity unit model, the sleeper entity unit model, the ballasted ballast bed entity unit model, the bridge pier entity unit model and the tamping car operation model according to the preset component structure effect, the method further comprises:
connecting the steel rail entity unit model with the sleeper entity unit model through a preset fastener to obtain a first component structure connection;
connecting the sleeper solid unit model with the ballasted ballast bed solid unit model through preset surface-to-surface contact to obtain a second component structure connection;
connecting the ballasted ballast bed solid unit model with the bridge solid unit model through preset surface-to-surface contact to obtain a third component structural connection;
connecting the bridge solid unit model with the bridge pier solid unit model according to a preset spring damping unit to obtain a fourth component structural connection;
Connecting the tamping car operation model with a preset target car body part according to a preset spring damping unit to obtain a fifth part structural connection;
and collecting the first component structure connection, the second component structure connection, the third component structure connection, the fourth component structure connection and the fifth component structure connection as component structure functions.
5. The simulation method for the tamping operation of the bridge crane according to claim 1, wherein the step of applying a dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the crane to simulate the tamping operation of the crane to obtain a dynamic response of the bridge body comprises the steps of:
applying transverse exciting load to a target solid component through a tamping drum device of a preset tamping car to obtain a first target interaction;
applying a vertical downward pressing load to a target entity part through a tamping drum device of a preset tamping car to obtain a second target interaction;
calculating the disturbance degree and the vertical acceleration of the target entity part according to the first target interaction and the second target interaction by using a preset beam structure dynamics equation;
Calculating the acceleration and displacement of the target entity part according to the first target interaction and the second target interaction by using a preset finite element algorithm;
and determining the dynamic response of the bridge body according to the acceleration, the displacement, the disturbance and the vertical acceleration.
6. The simulation method for the tamping operation of the bridge crane according to claim 1, wherein the determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation for the tamping operation of the bridge crane according to the dynamic response of the bridge crane and the dynamic characteristic of the bridge crane comprises:
visualizing response parameters in the bridge body dynamic response and vibration parameters in the bridge body dynamic characteristics to obtain visual parameters;
and determining the whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the visual parameters.
7. The simulation method for the tamping operation of the bridge crane according to claim 1, wherein the step of applying a dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the crane to simulate the tamping operation of the crane to obtain a dynamic response of the bridge body comprises the steps of:
applying concentrated acting force and connecting acting force to the target vehicle body part in the integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast track bed and the bridge in the large-machine tamping operation;
Simulating the dead weight load of the tamping car according to the concentrated acting force and the connecting acting force;
and carrying out operation simulation on the tamping of the large machine through the dead weight load of the tamping car to obtain the dynamic response of the bridge body.
8. A bridge crane tamping operation simulation device, the device comprising:
the space coupling dynamics model construction module is used for constructing an integrated space coupling dynamics model of the ballast track bed and the bridge of the large-scale tamping operation according to the component structure action among the preset entity units;
the bridge body dynamic response determining module is used for applying dynamic tamping operation load to the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge of the bridge to simulate the tamping operation of the bridge body, so as to obtain bridge body dynamic response;
the bridge body dynamic characteristic determining module is used for determining the bridge body dynamic characteristic according to preset tamping operation frequency and preset inserting depth in the integrated space coupling dynamic model of the large-machine tamping operation-ballasted ballast bed-bridge;
and the whole process simulation result determining module is used for determining a whole process simulation result of the simulation of the tamping operation of the large machine according to the bridge body dynamic response and the bridge body dynamic characteristic.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the bridge crane tamping operation simulation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the bridge crane tamping operation simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117709134A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 同济大学 | Ballasted track precise tamping parameter optimization method based on unit body test |
| CN117709134B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-04-30 | 同济大学 | Ballasted track precise tamping parameter optimization method based on unit body test |
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