CN117148426A - Seismic data feature boundary extraction method in image separation mode - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic data feature boundary extraction method of an image separation mode, which comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting seismic data and preparing the seismic data; step 2, constructing a direction sub-function and a smooth sub-function to process data; and 3, constructing a partial guide matrix to enhance the feature continuity of the data, and obtaining an image enhancing the feature continuity. The seismic data feature boundary extraction method of the image separation mode realizes image separation according to the direction, highlights boundary features of a certain direction, enhances the continuity of geological boundaries through a partial guide matrix method, and accords with the actual stratum condition, so that in practical application, the seismic data feature boundary extraction method of the image separation mode provided by the invention overcomes the defects of the conventional boundary recognition technology, has stronger practicability for boundary feature recognition, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a seismic data feature boundary extraction method in an image separation mode.
Background
In the field of seismic exploration, seismic data are the most basic data types, and extracting rock physical properties or spatial structures from these data, which can reflect subsurface geologic models, is of great importance in determining geologic structures, reservoir boundaries and physical properties. The seismic data includes kinematic and dynamic information. Seismology studies the laws of motion of seismic waves in space and time, which determine the manifestations of these laws with the medium propagated. These rules determine the subsequent seismic data processing methods and links. Seismic dynamics studies the energy, waveform and spectrum characteristics of seismic waves, which are germane to the rock and fluids contained therein. The main content of geophysical and geologist's work is how to extract subsurface models and reservoir related information using well logging, geological and seismic data (especially acquired three-dimensional seismic data) to determine the depth of hydrocarbon burial, spatial location and corresponding reservoir physical properties, providing a powerful support for well site deployment in drilling engineering.
An important direction of research in seismic feature extraction methods is feature boundary extraction. The feature boundary extraction technology involves calculating various attributes related to geological boundaries, and analyzing these attributes to determine boundary features (such as river channels, salt bodies, faults, fractures, fracture zones) of geological targets, so as to achieve the purpose of analyzing the spatial distribution features of these geological bodies and spatial relations with other geological targets. Typically these attributes include coherence, curvature, ant volume, maximum likelihood and multi-scale edge detection. These seismic attributes are typically calculated based on mathematical transformations of seismic amplitudes in three-dimensional space. In particular, these attributes are biased toward calculating the similarity, degree of curvature, or frequency of occurrence of features of the data within the small window of seismic data, and the window is typically moved in three coordinate axis directions, primarily to calculate the transformation law of the same axis (or energy) along a straight line, curve, path, plane, or curved surface within the window. However, these properties have problems in that the ability to detect the spatial directivity of seismic amplitude or energy is not prominent, for example, high-angle walk-slip faults, which are not easily detected due to weak cross-sectional reflected energy. Taking coherence attribute as an example, coherence attribute technology is not affected by any interpretation error, can directly acquire fault and stratum information from a three-dimensional seismic data volume, is used for discontinuity detection of middle or large-sized faults, fracture systems and lithology body boundaries, and can effectively improve interpretation accuracy; however, coherent volume attribute computation requires a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data, is insensitive to small bends, small breaks, discontinuous weak signals of the formation, and has low discrimination.
At present, with further depth of exploration and development, effective detection of certain geologic bodies, such as weak sliding fracture and small fracture zones, is beneficial to secondary development of oil fields and new region submergence, and because the geologic bodies are tightly connected with formation and evolution domain submergence of oil gas, how to effectively identify geologic bodies with high angles and weak reflection energy becomes a hot spot for research in the current seismic exploration field.
In application number: in the chinese patent application CN201910657042.5, a complex domain multi-layer anisotropic fault boundary extraction method is involved, and a diffusion matrix and a continuity factor are designed according to structural information; carrying out iteration processing on the seismic data, calculating and comparing the signal to noise ratio and peak value of the seismic section obtained by each iteration, and determining the optimal iteration times to obtain an optimal seismic data body after denoising; calculating a complex domain diffusion coefficient of the denoised seismic data body, decomposing the diffusion coefficient into a real part and an imaginary part, and decomposing the decomposed real part into the real part and the imaginary part again to iterate; performing edge information enhancement on the imaginary part reaching the effect by utilizing a block filter to obtain an optimal seismic imaginary part data body; and carrying out convolution on the seismic imaginary section by utilizing the extracted seismic wavelet and Gaussian kernel, carrying out reinforcement processing on the seismic edge information again, and outputting a final seismic section. The invention can reduce noise through multi-layer decomposition, obtain accurate fault boundary, and greatly improve accuracy of geologic structure interpretation.
In application number: in the Chinese patent application of CN201910180942.5, a multipoint geostatistical random inversion method and device based on image stitching are related, and the multipoint geostatistics is utilized to perform random simulation, so that the shape of a target body can be better depicted; by introducing an image stitching technology, a multipoint geostatistical random simulation result with good continuity can be obtained quickly and efficiently; comparing the simulation result synthetic seismic record with the actual seismic record by a forward method, and firstly obtaining a simulation result which can be compared and matched with the actual seismic record; then, the simulation result is rapidly optimized through a quantum annealing optimization algorithm, a final random inversion result is obtained under the constraint of seismic records, the precision and resolution of the inversion result of the inter-well region are improved, a plurality of different multipoint geostatistical random inversion results can be obtained through carrying out random inversion for many times, a reliable basis is provided for uncertainty analysis, and further necessary reference information is provided for researches such as reservoir characterization and oil reservoir description.
In application number: in the chinese patent application CN201811627524.8, an automatic method for picking up a favorable reservoir boundary based on a seismic attribute map is related, where the method for picking up a favorable reservoir boundary based on a seismic attribute map includes, for a color seismic attribute map input in a bitmap format, performing selective transparent processing on the seismic attribute map by using a cumulative window-dividing color filtering technique, and only reserving a user interest area; smoothing the boundary of the user attention area by utilizing a boundary pre-smoothing technology; the beneficial areas are automatically screened out through the characteristics of the size, the shape, the extending direction and the like of the area; and automatically picking up the boundary of the favorable region by using a boundary lasso technology. According to the method for automatically picking up the favorable reservoir boundaries based on the seismic attribute map, the user attention area can be automatically extracted according to the pixel color value characteristics, the favorable target area is screened, the favorable reservoir distribution range is finely carved and drawn by picking up the favorable region boundaries, the favorable reservoir development area is accurately calculated, and the work effect and research precision of oil and gas exploration researchers are improved.
The prior art is greatly different from the method, the technical problem which is needed to be solved by the user cannot be solved, and the method for extracting the seismic data feature boundary in a novel image separation mode is invented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the seismic data feature boundary extraction method which overcomes the defects of the prior boundary recognition technology, has stronger practicability for boundary feature recognition and is suitable for popularization and application in an image separation mode.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for extracting the seismic data characteristic boundary of the image separation mode comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting seismic data and preparing the seismic data;
step 2, constructing a direction sub-function and a smooth sub-function to process data;
and 3, constructing a partial guide matrix to enhance the feature continuity of the data, and obtaining an image enhancing the feature continuity.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
in step 1, seismic data is collected, and the work area and the vertical range of the processed target seismic data are determined so as to concentrate on the processing of the target geologic body, and meanwhile, the boundary direction needing to be highlighted is determined, so that the calculated amount is reduced.
Step 1 also includes collecting seismic attributes that highlight certain geologic features, including boundary features.
In step 2, a set of functions F is defined j (θ) and W j (theta) designating that energy in a certain theta direction or a plurality of directions is to be reserved, and performing theta-direction energy separation on the image or the seismic data.
In step 2, assuming that the original data input is a two-dimensional image D, the multidirectional subfunction W is composed of a set of directional function sets, and F is a smooth function set; the following formula is defined as the separation of energy in a certain direction from the original image:
wherein D (x, y) is an input two-dimensional image, and brackets (x, y) represent coordinates of the icon in the horizontal and vertical directions, W j (θ) is the set of the multidirectional subfunction angles θ directions, j is the set subscript, N represents the size of the set, F j (θ) represents a smooth subfunction set, where subscript j and angles θ and W j (θ) is as defined in; the output D (θ, x, y) represents the result after the angle sub-function processing and the smoothing function processing.
In step 2, a multi-directional sub-function set W is designed for the separate formulation of the energy of the original image in a certain direction j (θ) separating or decomposing the two-dimensional image D (x, y), multidirectional function W j (θ) has directionality, can retain energy in certain directions while constructing a smooth function F j (θ) smoothing the energy; finally, the purpose of outputting the image energy in a certain direction is achieved.
In step 3, the output of step 2 is used as the input of the formula feature enhancement processing, 2 feature vectors are obtained, and the 2 feature vectors are recombined into a new partial derivative matrix to obtain an image for enhancing feature continuity.
In step 3, the data processed in step 2 is used as input, partial derivatives are calculated on two coordinate axes respectively to form a partial derivative matrix, a main characteristic value and a secondary characteristic value are obtained through symmetrical non-negative definite matrix decomposition calculation, a new partial derivative matrix is formed after recombination, and an image for enhancing the characteristic continuity is obtained.
In step 3, in order to achieve weak energy enhancement, the following image processing procedure is designed for the image processed by the procedure; the enhancement process is as follows,
and->The partial derivatives of two components of the (x, y) coordinate axis of the data pair are represented by the partial derivative matrix, T is the output of the partial derivative matrix, and represents the partial derivative image, and any second-order symmetrical non-negative definite matrix can be decomposed into:
wherein lambda is 1 As the main characteristic value lambda 2 E is the secondary characteristic value 1 And e 2 The unit vectors are respectively corresponding to the two characteristic values; in order to highlight the weak structural information of the picture, the recombination matrix is:
the recombined partial guide images can effectively highlight weak energy continuity, realize energy enhancement and enhance the image structure.
The method for extracting the characteristic boundaries of the seismic data in the image separation mode is a method for effectively identifying the earthquakes of the geologic body boundaries aiming at directivity and weak reflection energy, can extract the geologic body characteristic boundaries aiming at a certain direction, and can enhance the continuity so as to achieve the purpose of identifying geologic body targets. The method for extracting the seismic data characteristic boundary of the image separation mode provided by the invention overcomes the defects of the prior boundary identification technology, has stronger practicability for boundary characteristic identification and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for extracting seismic data feature boundaries in an image separation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an image before continuity enhancement in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of an enhanced continuity image in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an original seismic feature input image in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is an output result image after processing the image input in fig. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
According to the seismic data feature boundary extraction method of the image separation mode, a multidirectional subfunction set is designed to separate (or decompose) two-dimensional images or three-dimensional seismic data, the multidirectional function has directivity, energy in certain directions can be reserved, meanwhile, a smooth function is constructed to smooth the energy, and finally, the continuity of weak energy is enhanced through partial derivatives of the directions, so that the purposes of highlighting energy at certain angles, smoothing results and enhancing a weak energy structure are achieved.
The following are several embodiments of the invention
Example 1
In a specific embodiment 1 to which the present invention is applied, assuming that the original data input is a two-dimensional image D, the multidirectional subfunction W is composed of a set of directional functions, and F is a smooth function set. The following formula is defined as the separation of energy in a certain direction from the original image:
wherein D (x, y) is an input two-dimensional image, and brackets (x, y) represent coordinates of the icon in the horizontal and vertical directions, W j (θ) is the set of the multidirectional subfunction angles θ directions, j is the set subscript, N represents the size of the set, F j (θ) represents a smooth subfunction set, where subscript j and angles θ and W j (θ) is as defined in the specification. The output D (θ, x, y) represents the result after the angle sub-function processing and the smoothing function processing. The meaning of this formula is to design a multidirectional subfunction set W j (θ) separating (or decomposing) the two-dimensional image D (x, y), multidirectional function W j (θ) has directionality, can retain energy in certain directions while constructing a smooth function F j (θ) smoothing the energy. Finally, the purpose of outputting the image energy in a certain direction is achieved.
In addition, in order to realize weak energy enhancement, the following image processing procedure is designed for the image processed by the procedure. The enhancement process is as follows,
and->The partial derivatives of two components of the (x, y) coordinate axis of the data pair are represented by the partial derivative matrix, T is the output of the partial derivative matrix, and represents the partial derivative image, and any second-order symmetrical non-negative definite matrix can be decomposed into:
wherein lambda is 1 As the main characteristic value lambda 2 E is the secondary characteristic value 1 And e 2 The unit vectors are respectively corresponding to the two characteristic values. In order to highlight the weak structural information of the picture, the recombination matrix is:
the recombined partial guide images can effectively highlight weak energy continuity, realize energy enhancement and enhance the image structure. Examples of the images before and after the processing by the formulas (2) - (4) are described as in fig. 2 and 3.
The formulas (1) - (4) are the core of the invention, wherein (1) is an innovation formula, and other existing related mathematical theories (2) - (4) are combined later to realize innovation and invention.
Example 2
In a specific embodiment 2 to which the present invention is applied, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a seismic data feature boundary extraction method of the image separation method of the present invention. The seismic data feature boundary extraction method of the image separation mode comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing seismic data: firstly, the seismic data is required to be collected, and the work area and the vertical range of the processed target seismic data are determined so as to concentrate on the processing of the target geologic body, and meanwhile, the boundary direction required to be highlighted is determined, so that the calculated amount is reduced;
(2) Constructing a direction sub-function and a smooth sub-function to process data: definition of a function set F j (θ) and W j (theta) designating that energy in a certain theta direction or a plurality of directions is to be reserved, and performing theta-direction energy separation on the image or the seismic data;
(3) Constructing a partial guide matrix to enhance the continuity of data characteristics: and taking the output of the last step as the input of formula feature enhancement processing, solving 2 feature vectors, and recombining the feature vectors into a new partial derivative matrix to obtain an image for enhancing feature continuity.
Example 3
In a specific embodiment 3 to which the present invention is applied, the method for extracting a seismic data feature boundary in an image separation manner of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
step one: seismic data or seismic attributes are collected. It should be clear here that the object that is typically handled by the present invention is derived data of seismic data, such as seismic attributes, which should typically highlight certain geological features, such as boundary features, etc. The data referred to in this example is an actual three-dimensional seismic data volume, the input is a horizontal time slice of the instantaneous phase attribute of the data volume, and the slice phase attribute map is a two-dimensional matrix, forming a standard picture (fig. 4).
Step two: and performing image separation processing on the slice data in a certain direction. From fig. 4 and the prior geological knowledge of the work area, the area forms some sliding breaks in the southwest-northwest direction due to the action of structural stress, and fig. 4 shows that 2 sliding breaks play an important role in controlling the storage and control of petroleum and natural gas in the work area. Therefore, the definition of the space spread characteristics of the sliding fracture in the region is significant to the exploration and development of the region, and the exploration targets of the region are the number, the extending length, the extending direction and the like of the sliding fracture development. It can be seen from fig. 4 that 2 pieces of sliding breakage are not clear, slice data are read in this step, the slice data are rotated 45 ° counterclockwise for processing, a rectangular picture with right north and south is formed, a reserved angle of 0 ° (equivalent to the information of 135 ° of the original picture is reserved), a sub-function sequence reserved by 0 ° is designed, smooth sub-functions are designed, and the picture is processed by using the two sub-functions, so that a smooth picture processing result in the 0 ° angle direction is obtained.
Step three: this is the last step, constructing the partial guide matrix, enhancing the continuity of the weak signal features of the image. Through the processing of the previous step, 2 pieces of sliding fracture are obvious, but the feeling of the sliding fracture at the lower left corner in fig. 4 to the naked eye of a user is not very strong continuously, through the processing of the present step, firstly, data processed in the previous step are used as input, partial guide calculation is respectively carried out on two coordinate axes to form a partial guide matrix, the main characteristic value and the secondary characteristic value can be obtained through the decomposable calculation of the symmetrical non-negative definite matrix, a new partial guide matrix is formed after recombination, and finally, the image corresponding to fig. 5 is formed. FIG. 5 is a graph of the process of FIG. 4, preserving the 135 degree angular orientation of the walk break, and smoothing and enhancing the continuity characteristics of the walk break, outputting a resultant image. The 2 pieces of the sliding fracture features in the image are obvious, the continuity is obviously enhanced, and compared with the original image, the definition of the image is improved, and as only the 0-degree directional energy feature (135-degree directional feature of the original image) of the sliding fracture is reserved in the second step, the energy in other directions is weakened, and the final purposes of reserving the energy in a specific angle and highlighting the continuity of the boundary are achieved.
From the above example, the invention relates to the field of seismic exploration, and an image separation mode seismic data feature boundary extraction method is invented, which realizes image separation according to the direction, highlights boundary features in a certain direction, enhances the continuity of geological boundaries through a partial guide matrix method, and accords with the actual stratum condition, so that in practical application, the image separation mode seismic data feature boundary extraction method provided by the invention overcomes the defects existing in the prior boundary identification technology, has stronger practicability on boundary feature identification, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiment, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Other than the technical features described in the specification, all are known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The method for extracting the seismic data characteristic boundary of the image separation mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, collecting seismic data and preparing the seismic data;
step 2, constructing a direction sub-function and a smooth sub-function to process data;
and 3, constructing a partial guide matrix to enhance the feature continuity of the data, and obtaining an image enhancing the feature continuity.
2. The method for extracting a feature boundary of seismic data in an image separation mode according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the seismic data is collected, and a work area and a vertical range of the processed target seismic data are determined to concentrate on processing of the target geologic volume, and meanwhile, a boundary direction to be highlighted is determined, so that the calculation amount is reduced.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein step 1 further comprises collecting seismic attributes that highlight certain geologic features, including boundary features.
4. The method for extracting feature boundaries of seismic data by image separation according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, a function set F is defined j (θ) and W j (theta) designating that energy in a certain theta direction or a plurality of directions is to be reserved, and performing theta-direction energy separation on the image or the seismic data.
5. The method for extracting a feature boundary of seismic data in an image separation manner according to claim 4, wherein in step 2, assuming that the original data input is a two-dimensional image D, the multidirectional subfunction W is composed of a set of directional functions, and F is a smooth function set; the following formula is defined as the separation of energy in a certain direction from the original image:
wherein D (x, y) is an input two-dimensional image, and brackets (x, y) represent coordinates of the icon in the horizontal and vertical directions, W j (θ) is the set of the multidirectional subfunction angles θ directions, j is the set subscript, N represents the size of the set, F j (θ) represents a smooth subfunction set, where subscript j and angles θ and W j (θ) is as defined in; the output D (θ, x, y) represents the result after the angle sub-function processing and the smoothing function processing.
6. The method for extracting seismic data feature boundary in image separation as defined in claim 5, wherein in step 2, a multidirectional subfunction set W is designed for a formula of separation of energy of an original image in a certain direction j (θ) separating or decomposing the two-dimensional image D (x, y), multidirectional function W j (θ) has directionality, can retain energy in certain directions while constructing a smooth function F j (θ) smoothing the energy; finally, the purpose of outputting the image energy in a certain direction is achieved.
7. The method for extracting feature boundaries from seismic data in an image separation method according to claim 6, wherein in step 3, 2 feature vectors are obtained by using the output of step 2 as input of a formula feature enhancement process, and a new partial derivative matrix is recombined to obtain an image with enhanced feature continuity.
8. The method for extracting feature boundaries of seismic data in an image separation manner according to claim 7, wherein in step 3, the data processed in step 2 is first used as input, the partial derivatives are calculated on two coordinate axes respectively to form a partial derivative matrix, the main feature value and the secondary feature value are obtained through symmetrical non-negative definite matrix decomposition calculation, and a new partial derivative matrix is formed after recombination, so that an image for enhancing feature continuity is obtained.
9. The method for extracting a seismic data feature boundary in an image separation mode according to claim 8, wherein in step 3, in order to achieve weak energy enhancement, an image processed by the following image processing procedure is designed; the enhancement process is as follows,
and->The partial derivatives of two components of the (x, y) coordinate axis of the data pair are represented by the partial derivative matrix, T is the output of the partial derivative matrix, and represents the partial derivative image, and any second-order symmetrical non-negative definite matrix can be decomposed into:
wherein lambda is 1 As the main characteristic value lambda 2 E is the secondary characteristic value 1 And e 2 The unit vectors are respectively corresponding to the two characteristic values; in order to highlight the weak structural information of the picture, the recombination matrix is:
the recombined partial guide images can effectively highlight weak energy continuity, realize energy enhancement and enhance the image structure.
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