CN117147677A - Ferromagnetic part magnetic anisotropy detection device based on MBN method and use method - Google Patents
Ferromagnetic part magnetic anisotropy detection device based on MBN method and use method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing of ferromagnetic materials, in particular to a device for detecting magnetic anisotropy of a ferromagnetic part based on an MBN method and a use method thereof. The detection device of the invention comprises a detection part, a signal generator and a signal processing part. The detection portion includes a single excitation coil and a plurality of receiving coils, wherein the receiving coils are position-adjusted by the movable arm assembly. The invention combines a single exciting coil with a plurality of receiving coils, can cover a larger detection area, is suitable for rapid measurement of large-sized parts to be detected, and improves the detection efficiency. And the movable arm component ensures the fit between the receiving coil and the surface to be detected, is applicable to parts to be detected in different forms, improves the universality and solves the problem of poor universality of the existing magnetic Barkhausen noise detection equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing of ferromagnetic materials, in particular to a device for detecting magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic parts based on an MBN method and a using method of the device.
Background
The ferromagnetic material has good mechanical properties and lower economic cost, is widely applied to key structural members of electromechanical equipment, and is widely used in the fields of aerospace, ocean engineering, rail transit, mining machinery, petrochemical industry, national defense industry and the like, and the failure behavior of the key structural members of the electromechanical equipment caused by damage such as stress concentration, crack, creep, fatigue and the like can bring disastrous results. Therefore, early damage early warning is carried out on the key structural parts, and the method has important significance for avoiding safety accidents.
In the service process of the ferromagnetic material, the damage such as cracks, stress concentration, fatigue, creep and the like changes the microstructure and stress state in the material, changes the preferential orientation process of crystals in the ferromagnetic material, and causes the ferromagnetic material to show macroscopic magnetic anisotropy to the outside. The magnetic Barkhausen noise detection technology, namely the magnetic Barkhausen noise method (also called MBN method), is used as an active magnetic detection method, and can be used for detecting magnetic anisotropic behaviors caused by microstructure, grain size, residual stress, depth of hardening layer, carbon content, creep and the like of a ferromagnetic material based on the characteristic of sensitivity to microstructure and stress.
The magnetic Barkhausen noise is discontinuous and irreversible jump generated by internal magnetic domain rotation and magnetic domain wall displacement of a ferromagnetic material in the magnetizing process, a series of voltage pulse signals are induced in a detection coil, namely the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, the intensity of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal is closely related to the microstructure change and stress condition of the material, and the microstructure change and stress state of the material can be estimated according to the intensity change of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, so that the damage degree of the ferromagnetic material is estimated.
However, the existing magnetic barkhausen noise detection technology is limited by a detection principle and a device, and multiple measurements or continuous measurements are needed to accurately represent the damage condition. Moreover, the existing magnetic barkhausen noise detection equipment has poor universality, and only can measure a plane or a specific geometric shape, so that the detection equipment is difficult to popularize.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, it is necessary to provide a device for detecting magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic parts by MBN method and a method of using the same, in order to solve the problem of poor versatility of the conventional magnetic barkhausen noise detection device.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention discloses a ferromagnetic part magnetic anisotropy detection device based on an MBN method, comprising: the device comprises a detection part, a signal generator and a signal processing part.
The detection part comprises an excitation module and a receiving module; the excitation module comprises a matrix, a connecting rod and an excitation coil; the connecting rod is arranged on one side of the base body facing the part to be tested; the exciting coil is arranged at one end of the connecting rod far away from the base body; the receiving module comprises N movable arm assemblies and receiving coils corresponding to the number of the movable arm assemblies; the nth receiving coil is arranged at one end of the nth movable arm assembly, which is far away from the base body; the movable arm assembly is connected with the base body, and the position of the receiving coil is adjusted through the movable arm assembly; n is E [1, N ].
The signal generator is used for providing an excitation voltage signal for the excitation coil. The signal processing unit is connected to the detection unit.
During detection, the exciting coil is pressed on the surface A of the part to be detected, and the M receiving coils are respectively pressed on the surface B of the part to be detected 1 ～B M Where B 1 ～B M And A encloses a target area, B 1 ～B M The distance from the device A to the device A is equal, and M is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N.
The signal generator inputs an excitation voltage signal to the excitation coil, so that the part to be detected is magnetized, and a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal is generated in the magnetizing process; m receiving coils are used for receiving magnetic Barkhausen noise signals of a target area and transmitting the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals to a signal processing part; the signal processing part analyzes the distribution rule of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals of the target area to obtain the magnetic anisotropy condition of the target area.
The device for detecting the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method realizes the method or the process according to the embodiment of the disclosure.
In a second aspect, the invention discloses a use method of the device for detecting magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic parts based on the MBN method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing a to-be-detected area and a detection path of a to-be-detected part according to the detection requirement of the to-be-detected part, and determining the displacement mode of a detection part;
step 2, adjusting the exciting coils and M receiving coils to target areas of the part to be tested;
step 3, controlling the signal generator to input excitation voltage signals to the excitation coils, and receiving magnetic Barkhausen noise signals on the surface of the part to be detected by the M receiving coils and transmitting the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals to the signal processing part; the signal processing part analyzes the distribution rule of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals on the surface of the part to be detected to obtain the magnetic anisotropy condition of the target area of the part to be detected;
and 4, moving the detection part along the detection path according to the displacement mode determined in the step 1, and covering all the areas to be detected of the part to be detected.
The method for using the device for detecting the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method realizes the method or the process according to the embodiment of the disclosure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, the invention combines a single exciting coil with a plurality of receiving coils, can cover a larger detection area, is suitable for the rapid measurement of large-scale parts to be measured, avoids the problem of narrow single measurement area of the traditional single receiving coil, and improves the detection efficiency; and the movable arm assembly ensures the fit between the receiving coil and the surface to be tested, and is applicable to the parts to be tested in different forms, thereby improving the universality.
2, the invention adopts a single exciting coil, does not need frequent disassembly, and can continuously detect. The invention overcomes the defect that the traditional magnetic Barkhausen noise detection is easy to be interfered by external environment by repeatedly measuring the defect by a plurality of receiving coils in the continuous measurement process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for detecting magnetic anisotropy of a ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection device of FIG. 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention under the working condition 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the detection device of FIG. 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention under the working condition 2;
FIG. 5 is another schematic diagram of the detection device of FIG. 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention under the working condition 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the detection device of FIG. 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention under the working condition 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the detection device of FIG. 1 in embodiment 1 of the present invention under the working condition 4;
in the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. the device comprises a base body, 2, a sliding block, 3, a first movable arm, 4, a second movable arm, 5, a connecting rod, 6, a receiving coil, 7, a signal generator, 8, a power amplifier, 9, a first hinge, 10, a second hinge, 11, a multichannel data acquisition card, 12, an industrial personal computer, 13, an exciting coil, 14 and a part to be tested.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that when an element is referred to as being "mounted to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or/and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram of a ferromagnetic part magnetic anisotropy detection apparatus based on MBN method.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection device includes: a detection unit, a signal generator 7, and a signal processing unit.
First, see the detection unit: the detection part comprises an excitation module and a receiving module.
The excitation module comprises a base body 1, a connecting rod 5 and an excitation coil 13. The connecting rod 5 is fixed to the side of the base body 1 facing the part 14 to be measured. The excitation coil 13 is mounted at the end of the connecting rod 5 remote from the base body 1. In this embodiment 1, the exciting coil 13 is made of ferrite with high magnetic permeability wound by polyester enameled wire and is sleeved on the connecting rod 5.
The receiving module comprises N movable arm assemblies and receiving coils 6 corresponding to the number of the movable arm assemblies. Wherein the nth receiving coil 6 is mounted at the end of the nth movable arm assembly remote from the base body 1. The movable arm assembly is connected with the base body 1, and the position of the receiving coil 6 is adjusted through the movable arm assembly; n is E [1, N ].
The movable arm assembly has multiple degrees of freedom and can be positioned. The movable arm assembly can adopt the existing mechanical arm, but the purchase cost is larger.
Therefore, the movable arm assembly, the base 1, and the like in this embodiment 1 adopt an autonomous design:
n sliding rails are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the base body 1, the N sliding rails are parallel to the axial direction of the base body 1, and each sliding rail is provided with a sliding block 2. The nth movable arm assembly is correspondingly connected with the nth sliding block 2, and when the nth movable arm assembly moves along the nth sliding rail along the nth sliding block 2, the distance between the nth receiving coil 6 and the part 14 to be detected changes. It should be noted that the sliding block 2 is slidably connected with the sliding rail and has a certain friction force, and the sliding block 2 can move relatively with the sliding rail only under the driving of a large enough external force. The movable arm assembly comprises a movable arm I3, a movable arm II 4, a hinge I9 and a hinge II 10. The hinge one 9 connects the movable arm one 3 with the slider 2 in a rotating way. The hinge II 10 connects the movable arm II 4 with the movable arm I3 in a rotating way. The receiving coil 6 is mounted at the end of the movable arm two 4 remote from the hinge two 10. In this embodiment 1, the receiving coil 6 is also made of high permeability ferrite wound with polyester enameled wire and is sleeved on the movable arm two 4.
Thus, the first hinge 9 and the second hinge 10 are rotated to adjust the angle and the position of the receiving coil 6. It should be noted that, the first hinge 9 and the second hinge 10 are friction rotation structures with certain damping, and only when driven by a large enough external force, the first hinge 9 and the second hinge 10 can rotate. Thus, after the movable arm assembly is adjusted each time, the movable arm assembly can be positioned by itself.
Looking again at the signal generator 7, the signal generator 7 is arranged to provide an excitation voltage signal to the excitation coil 13. The signal generator 7 has a function of adjusting the voltage frequency, the voltage amplitude and the voltage waveform of the signal. The specification requirements of the signal generator 7 selected in this embodiment 1 are: the voltage frequency range is 0 Hz-1000 Hz; the voltage amplitude satisfies 0V-20V; the voltage waveform may be selected from triangular and sinusoidal.
In general, in consideration of the influence of the signal strength, the power amplifier 8 may be connected to the signal generator 7, that is, the signal generator 7 may be connected to the exciting coil 13 through the power amplifier 8, so as to effectively amplify the exciting voltage signal to the exciting coil 13.
Next, looking at the signal processing unit, the signal processing unit is connected to the detecting unit. Specifically, the signal processing part includes a multichannel data acquisition card 11 and an industrial personal computer 12. The multi-channel data acquisition card 11 is used for acquiring magnetic barkhausen noise signals of a target area. The industrial personal computer 12 is used for processing signals acquired by the multichannel data acquisition card 11 to obtain the magnetic anisotropy of the target area.
In this embodiment 1, the acquisition frequency of the multichannel data acquisition card 11 for the magnetic barkhausen noise signal is set to 20Hz to 500kHz. In addition, the multichannel data acquisition card 11 also acquires the excitation voltage signal with the acquisition frequency of 0 Hz-400 Hz to distinguish the rising section and the falling section of the signal and distinguish the initial position of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal.
In general, at the time of detection, the exciting coil 13 is pressed at the surface a of the part 14 to be detected, and the required M receiving coils 6 are selected from the N receiving coils 6 according to the detection requirement; and pressing M receiving coils 6 on the surface B of the part 14 to be tested 1 ～B M Where it is located. B (B) 1 ～B M And A encloses a target area, B 1 ～B M The distance to A is equal; m is more than or equal to 2 and N is more than or equal to N.
It is noted that due to B 1 ～B M Equal distance to a means: b (B) 1 Distance L from A 1 、B 2 Distance L from A 2 、…、B M Distance L from A M ，L 1 、L 2 、…、L M Equal. As shown in fig. 2, i.e. where m=2 is shown, B 1 Distance from A is equal to B 2 Distance from a.
The signal generator 7 inputs an excitation voltage signal to the excitation coil 13 to magnetize the part 14 to be detected and generate a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal in the magnetizing process; the M receiving coils 6 receive the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal of the target area and transmit the signal to the signal processing part; the signal processing part analyzes the distribution rule of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals of the target area to obtain the magnetic anisotropy condition of the target area. Of course, whether the target area has a defect can be further analyzed by the magnetic anisotropy of the target area.
Because a plurality of receiving coils are arranged, the detection device can measure a certain region to be measured for a plurality of times, and the operation mode is also very convenient: and the movement detection part sequentially passes the M receiving coils 6 through the region to be detected, and then selects magnetic Barkhausen noise signals at corresponding moments of the receiving coils 6 according to the time sequence of the receiving coils 6 passing through the region to be detected, and obtains an accurate magnetic Barkhausen noise signal by taking an average value. This approach is faster and more accurate than existing single receive coils.
In addition, the detection device is also provided with a power supply for supplying power. In general, a built-in rechargeable power supply can be adopted, and an external power supply mode can also be adopted.
In short, the combination mode of the single exciting coil and the multiple receiving coils allows the receiving coils 6 with the same testing parameters to receive signals of the detection area, realizes multiple measurements of the area to be tested, and improves the detection accuracy.
For the detection device of embodiment 1, a method of use thereof is also disclosed, comprising the steps of:
step 1, dividing a to-be-detected area and a detection path of the to-be-detected part 14 according to the detection requirement of the to-be-detected part 14, and determining a displacement mode of the detection part.
In step 1, the shape of the area to be detected includes a sector, a circle, a rectangle, and the like. The shape of the detection path includes circular arc, circular shape, straight line shape, etc. The displacement mode includes a movable mode, a rotary mode and the like.
And 2, adjusting the exciting coil 13 and the receiving coil 6 to target areas of the part 14 to be measured.
Specifically, the exciting coil 13 is pressed at the position A, the required M receiving coils 6 are selected from the N receiving coils 6, and the M receiving coils 6 are adjusted to be respectively pressed on the surface B of the part 14 to be tested through the corresponding M movable arm assemblies 1 ～B M Where it is located. Wherein B is 1 ～B M A encloses a target area, B 1 ～B M The distance to A is the same; m is more than or equal to 2 and N is more than or equal to N.
Step 3, the control signal generator 7 inputs excitation voltage signals to the excitation coil 13, and the M receiving coils 6 receive magnetic Barkhausen noise signals on the surface of the part 14 to be detected and transmit the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals to the signal processing part; the signal processing part analyzes the distribution rule of the magnetic barkhausen noise signals on the surface of the part 14 to be measured, and obtains the magnetic anisotropy condition of the target area of the part 14 to be measured.
And 4, moving the detection part along the detection path according to the displacement mode determined in the step 1, and covering all the areas to be detected of the part 14 to be detected.
The following are examples (i.e., different conditions) of the selection of the above steps:
1, referring to fig. 3, the surface to be measured of the part to be measured 14 is a plane, and the area to be measured is a rectangular area on the plane. Then, the detection path is generally set to be linear, and the displacement manner is generally set to be movable (to move along the linear detection path).
Specifically, 2 receiving coils 6 are selected, and the 2 receiving coils 6 are symmetrically arranged as exciting coils 13; the 3 coils are pressed against the rectangular area, the target area formed by the 3 coils covers the rectangular area in the width direction of the rectangular area, and the 3 coils are moved along the length direction of the rectangular area, so that the rectangular area is fully covered. Of course, the target area composed of 3 coils may be made to cover the rectangular area in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular area, and the 3 coils may be moved in the width direction of the rectangular area, thereby realizing the full coverage of the rectangular area.
2, the surface to be detected of the part to be detected 14 is an arc surface, and the area to be detected is a rectangular area on the arc surface. Wherein, the length direction of the rectangular area is a straight line, and the width direction is an arc line.
Referring to fig. 4, the detection path may be provided in a linear shape, and the displacement manner may be provided in a movable manner (moving along the linear detection path). Specifically, 2 receiving coils 6 are selected, and the 2 receiving coils 6 are symmetrically arranged as exciting coils 13; the 3 coils are pressed against the rectangular area, the target area formed by the 3 coils covers the rectangular area in the width direction of the rectangular area, and the 3 coils are moved along the length direction of the rectangular area, so that the rectangular area is fully covered.
Referring to fig. 5, the detection path may also be configured to be arc-shaped, and the displacement mode may be configured to be movable (to move along the arc-shaped detection path). Specifically, 2 receiving coils 6 are selected, and the 2 receiving coils 6 are symmetrically arranged as exciting coils 13; the 3 coils are pressed against the rectangular area, the target area formed by the 3 coils covers the rectangular area in the length direction of the rectangular area, and the 3 coils are moved along the width direction of the rectangular area, so that the rectangular area is fully covered.
3, referring to fig. 6, the surface to be measured of the part to be measured 14 is a plane, and the area to be measured is a circular area on the plane. The detection path is then typically arranged in a circular shape and the displacement is typically arranged in a rotational manner (the receiving coil 6 rotates around the exciting coil 13).
Specifically, 2 receiving coils 6 are selected, and the 2 receiving coils 6 are symmetrically arranged as exciting coils 13; the 3 coils are pressed on the rectangular area, the exciting coil 13 coincides with the center of the circular area, the target area formed by the 3 coils covers the radius of the circular area, and the receiving coil 6 rotates around the exciting coil 13 by taking the exciting coil 13 as the center, so that the full coverage of the circular area is realized.
4, referring to fig. 7, the surface to be measured of the part to be measured 14 is a plane, the area to be measured is a sector on the plane, then the detection path is generally set to be circular arc, and the displacement mode is generally set to be rotary (the receiving coil 6 rotates around the exciting coil 13).
Specifically, 2 receiving coils 6 are selected, and the 2 receiving coils 6 are symmetrically arranged as exciting coils 13; the 3 coils are pressed on the rectangular area, the exciting coil 13 coincides with the circle center of the circle where the sector area is located, the target area formed by the 3 coils covers the radius of the circle where the sector area is located, and the receiving coil 6 rotates around the exciting coil 13 by taking the exciting coil 13 as the center, so that the full coverage of the sector area is realized.
The above examples are not exhaustive, and the examples may be selected according to practical situations.
However, compared with the prior art, the detection device has the following advantages in combination with the use method:
1) The single-excitation multi-receiving detection mode effectively increases the area of a detection area;
2) The plurality of receiving coils 6 are convenient for realizing the repeated measurement of the region to be detected, so that the detection accuracy is improved;
3) The plurality of movable arm assemblies are adaptable to different configurations of the part 14 to be tested by adjusting the appropriate angle.
Example 2
Example 2 was obtained on the basis of example 1. The better the quality of the acquired magnetic Barkhausen noise signal is, the more accurate the processing result is. The magnetic barkhausen noise signal is affected by the excitation voltage signal, so that the optimal excitation voltage parameter, i.e., the optimal excitation voltage amplitude and the optimal excitation voltage frequency, needs to be determined.
In embodiment 2, the exciting coil 13 is further provided with a hall sensor for detecting the magnetic induction intensity at a to determine the optimum exciting voltage amplitude. Specifically, the detection data of the hall sensor is collected by the multichannel data collection card 11, so that the magnetic induction intensity at the position A is obtained. The industrial personal computer 12 also calculates a power spectrum based on the magnetic barkhausen noise signal of the target region to determine an optimal excitation voltage frequency.
For the detection device of embodiment 2, the use method is similar to that of embodiment 1, and in step 3, the debugging of the signal generator 7 is added to obtain the optimal excitation voltage amplitude and the optimal excitation voltage frequency; and controlling the excitation voltage signal according to the optimal excitation voltage amplitude and the optimal excitation voltage frequency.
Specifically, the debugging method of the signal generator 7 includes:
setting the excitation voltage signal to be sinusoidal, and sequentially inputting a first round of test excitation voltage from 0V to 20V to the excitation coil 13 at intervals of 0.5V; acquiring the magnetic induction intensity at the position A, and selecting the first round of test excitation voltage amplitude corresponding to the maximum magnetic induction intensity at the position A as the optimal excitation voltage amplitude;
controlling excitation voltage signals according to the optimal excitation voltage amplitude, and sequentially inputting a second round of test excitation voltage from 0Hz to 1000Hz to the excitation coil 13 at intervals of 10 Hz; and acquiring a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal of the target area, calculating a power spectrum, and selecting a second-round test excitation voltage frequency corresponding to the maximum power spectrum value as an optimal excitation voltage frequency.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the power spectrum is as followsE represents the power spectrum, V Rms Representing the receiving coil voltageIs, t represents time.
The excitation voltage signal is controlled according to the optimal excitation voltage amplitude and the optimal excitation voltage frequency, so that a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal with good quality can be obtained, and the accuracy of a magnetic anisotropy detection result is ensured.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The device for detecting the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method is characterized by comprising the following components:
a detection unit; the detection part comprises an excitation module and a receiving module; the excitation module comprises a matrix, a connecting rod and an excitation coil; the connecting rod is arranged on one side of the base body facing the part to be tested; the exciting coil is arranged at one end of the connecting rod far away from the base body; the receiving module comprises N movable arm assemblies and receiving coils corresponding to the number of the movable arm assemblies; the nth receiving coil is arranged at one end of the nth movable arm assembly, which is far away from the base body; the movable arm assembly is connected with the base body, and the position of the receiving coil is adjusted through the movable arm assembly; n is E [1, N ];
a signal generator for providing an excitation voltage signal to the excitation coil;
and
a signal processing unit connected to the detection unit;
in advanceDuring the line detection, the exciting coil is pressed on the surface A of the part to be detected, and M receiving coils are respectively pressed on the surface B of the part to be detected 1 ～B M Where B 1 ～B M And A encloses a target area, B 1 ～B M The distance from the sensor A to the sensor A is equal, and M is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N;
the signal generator inputs an excitation voltage signal to the excitation coil, so that the part to be detected is magnetized, and a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal is generated in the magnetizing process; m receiving coils are used for receiving magnetic Barkhausen noise signals of a target area and transmitting the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals to a signal processing part; the signal processing part analyzes the distribution rule of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals of the target area to obtain the magnetic anisotropy condition of the target area.
2. The device for detecting the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic parts based on the MBN method according to claim 1, wherein the signal generator is connected with the exciting coil through a power amplifier;
the exciting coil is also provided with a Hall sensor for detecting the magnetic induction intensity at the A position so as to determine the optimal exciting voltage amplitude.
3. The MBN-based ferromagnetic part magnetic anisotropy detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exciting coil and the receiving coil are both made of high permeability ferrite wound with polyester enamel wire.
4. The device for detecting the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic parts based on the MBN method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is circumferentially and uniformly provided with N sliding rails, the N sliding rails are parallel to the axial direction of the substrate, and each sliding rail is provided with a sliding block; the nth movable arm assembly is correspondingly connected with the nth sliding block.
5. The apparatus for detecting magnetic anisotropy of a ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method of claim 4, wherein the movable arm assembly comprises:
a movable arm I;
a movable arm II;
the hinge I is used for rotationally connecting the movable arm I with the sliding block;
and
the hinge II is used for rotationally connecting the movable arm II with the movable arm; the receiving coil is arranged at one end of the movable arm II, which is far away from the hinge II.
6. The apparatus for detecting magnetic anisotropy of a ferromagnetic component according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit comprises:
the multichannel data acquisition card is used for acquiring magnetic Barkhausen noise signals of a target area;
and
the industrial personal computer is used for processing the signals acquired by the multichannel data acquisition card to obtain the magnetic anisotropy condition of the target area; the industrial personal computer also calculates a power spectrum based on the magnetic barkhausen noise signal of the target area to determine an optimal excitation voltage frequency.
7. The device for detecting the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method according to claim 1, wherein the device for detecting the magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method further comprises an external power supply for supplying power.
8. A method of using the MBN-based ferromagnetic part magnetic anisotropy detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
step 1, dividing a to-be-detected area and a detection path of a to-be-detected part according to the detection requirement of the to-be-detected part, and determining the displacement mode of a detection part;
step 2, adjusting the exciting coils and M receiving coils to target areas of the part to be tested;
step 3, controlling the signal generator to input excitation voltage signals to the excitation coils, and receiving magnetic Barkhausen noise signals on the surface of the part to be detected by the M receiving coils and transmitting the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals to the signal processing part; the signal processing part analyzes the distribution rule of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signals on the surface of the part to be detected to obtain the magnetic anisotropy condition of the target area of the part to be detected;
and 4, moving the detection part along the detection path according to the displacement mode determined in the step 1, and covering all the areas to be detected of the part to be detected.
9. The method for using the device for detecting magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic parts based on the MBN method according to claim 8, wherein in step 1, the shape of the region to be detected includes, but is not limited to, a sector, a circle, a rectangle; the shape of the detection path includes but is not limited to circular arc, circular shape, straight line shape; the displacement mode includes, but is not limited to, a movable mode and a rotary mode;
in step 4, when the shape of the detection path is a straight line, the displacement mode is a movable mode, and the whole detection part moves along the straight line detection path; when the detection path is arc-shaped or circular, the displacement mode is rotary, and the receiving coil rotates around the exciting coil.
10. The method for using the device for detecting magnetic anisotropy of a ferromagnetic part based on the MBN method according to claim 8, wherein, in step 3,
debugging the signal generator to obtain the optimal excitation voltage amplitude and the optimal excitation voltage frequency;
controlling an excitation voltage signal according to the optimal excitation voltage amplitude and the optimal excitation voltage frequency;
the debugging method of the signal generator comprises the following steps:
setting the excitation voltage signal into a sine form, and sequentially inputting a first round of test excitation voltage from 0V to 20V to the excitation coil at intervals of 0.5V; acquiring the magnetic induction intensity at the position A, and selecting the first round of test excitation voltage amplitude corresponding to the maximum magnetic induction intensity at the position A as the optimal excitation voltage amplitude;
controlling excitation voltage signals according to the optimal excitation voltage amplitude, and sequentially inputting a second round of test excitation voltage from 0Hz to 1000Hz to the excitation coil at intervals of 10 Hz; and acquiring a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal of the target area, calculating a power spectrum, and selecting a second-round test excitation voltage frequency corresponding to the maximum power spectrum value as an optimal excitation voltage frequency.
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