CN117144417A - Roasting starting method of cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell - Google Patents
Roasting starting method of cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN117144417A CN117144417A CN202311127235.2A CN202311127235A CN117144417A CN 117144417 A CN117144417 A CN 117144417A CN 202311127235 A CN202311127235 A CN 202311127235A CN 117144417 A CN117144417 A CN 117144417A
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum, and particularly relates to a roasting starting method of a cathode steel bar copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell. The invention adopts the fuel gas to bake, can well control the temperature and the heating speed of the baked area, deflects the burner nozzle of the end head to a specific angle, ensures that the baking effect of the two areas of the end head is better, controls the polar distance and the voltage holding time after the start, and ensures that the superheat degree after the start is easier to control. The roasting starting method provided by the invention can solve the problems of low starting temperature, low superheat degree in the later starting period, easy initiation of anode effect, easy formation of furnace bottom sediment and the like caused by uneven roasting and insufficient cathode temperature rise after the traditional roasting starting process is used for inserting the copper-steel rod type aluminum electrolysis cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum, and particularly relates to a roasting starting method of a cathode steel bar copper-inserted aluminum cell.
Background
With the stricter national policy requirements, higher energy efficiency requirements are put forward for electrolytic aluminum enterprises. Currently, the cell technology with great energy saving potential is mainly graphitized cathode technology.
The graphitized cathode technology can greatly reduce the resistance of the cathode and further reduce the energy consumption, and on the basis of the technology, a copper rod is inserted into a cathode steel rod, so that the resistance of the cathode can be further reduced, but the problems of insufficient temperature rise, high impact voltage after starting, low post-management superheat degree and the like of the cathode in the traditional roasting starting method are caused by too small cathode resistance and small spontaneous heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a roasting starting method for a cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell, which is uniform in roasting, and solves the problems of low starting temperature, low superheat degree in the later stage of starting, easy initiation of anode effect and easy formation of furnace bottom sediment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a roasting starting method of a cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) equipment installation: an anode, a burner cover plate and a burner nozzle are sequentially arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell;
the distance between the bottom palm of the anode and the surface of the cathode is 280-320 mm;
the distance between the central position of the burner nozzle of the burner and the surface of the cathode is 230-240 mm;
the angle of the burner nozzle is as follows: parallel to the ground, the burner nozzle of one side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the left by 8-10 degrees, the corner is not deviated very much, the burner nozzle of the other side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the right by 8-10 degrees, the corner is not deviated very much;
(2) Charging: sequentially charging electrolyte, sodium carbonate and cryolite into a furnace;
(3) Roasting: installing a roasting device for roasting the aluminum electrolysis cell; the roasting is carried out by adopting fuel gas; the baking temperature-increasing program is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 temperature program for baking
| Total time of heating (h) | 0 | 13 | 25 | 41 | 65 | 94 | 114 | 119 |
| Heating time (h) | 0 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 29 | 20 | 5 |
| Setting temperature (DEG C) | 35 | 200 | 300 | 450 | 600 | 850 | 950 | 950 |
(4) Starting: electrolyte is added into the aluminum electrolysis cell and then electrified, and the voltage is kept at 8 at 6.0-7.0V ～ The voltage is kept for 8-10 hours at 5.5-6.5V for 10 hours, and is kept for 8-10 hours at 4.7-5.5V.
Preferably, in the step (2), the electrolyte has a particle size of 5 to 50mm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the thickness of the electrolyte solution is 35 to 45cm.
Preferably, in step (2), the cryolite is added flush with the lower edge of the steel jaw of the anode.
Preferably, the flame direction of the burner nozzle is anticlockwise in the electrolytic tank.
Preferably, in the step (1), the number of the anodes is 40 to 48.
Preferably, in the step (3), the gas is introduced in an amount of 13000-14000 m 3 。
Preferably, in the step (1), the distance between the bottom palm of the anode and the surface of the cathode is 280-310 mm.
Preferably, in the step (2), before charging, the middle joint of the aluminum electrolysis cell is blocked by a calcium silicate heat insulation plate, the polar joint is blocked by an aluminum silicate fiber felt, and the side joint is blocked by a steel cover plate;
the gap between the burner nozzle and the burner cover plate is plugged by adopting aluminum silicate fiber felt.
Preferably, in the step (4), aluminum is poured into the aluminum electrolysis cell after the starting; the aluminum filling time is 24-36 hours after starting.
The invention provides a roasting starting method of a cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell. The invention adopts the fuel gas to bake, can well control the temperature and the heating speed of the baked area, deflects the burner nozzle of the end head to a specific angle, ensures that the baking effect of the two areas of the end head is better, controls the polar distance and the voltage holding time after the start, and ensures that the superheat degree after the start is easier to control. The roasting starting method provided by the invention can solve the problems of low starting temperature, low superheat degree in the later starting period, easy initiation of anode effect, easy formation of furnace bottom sediment and the like caused by uneven roasting and insufficient cathode temperature rise after the traditional roasting starting process is used for inserting the copper-steel rod type aluminum electrolysis cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an external view of an aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the aluminum electrolysis cell of the invention; wherein, the anode A of the aluminum electrolysis cell is marked as an anode A1, an anode A2, an anode A3, an anode A4, an anode A5, an anode A6, an anode A7, an anode A8, an anode A9, an anode A10, an anode A11, an anode A12, an anode A13, an anode A14, an anode A15, an anode A16, an anode A17, an anode A18, an anode A19, an anode A20, an anode A21, an anode A22, an anode A23, an anode A24, and the anode B of the aluminum electrolysis cell is marked as an anode B1, an anode B2, an anode B3, an anode B4, an anode B5, an anode B6, an anode B7, an anode B8, an anode B9, an anode B10, an anode B11, an anode B12, an anode B13, an anode B14, an anode B15, an anode B16, an anode B17, an anode B18, an anode B19, an anode B20, an anode B21, an anode B22, an anode B23, and an anode B24; the center of the first area is controlled to be the center joint position of the electrode joint of the anode A3/anode A4 and the electrode joint of the anode B3/anode B4, the center of the second area is controlled to be the center joint position of the electrode joint of the anode A9/anode A10 and the electrode joint of the anode B9/anode B10, the center of the third area is controlled to be the center joint position of the electrode joint of the anode A15/anode A16 and the electrode joint of the anode B15/anode B16, and the center of the fourth area is controlled to be the center joint position of the electrode joint of the anode A21/anode A22 and the electrode joint of the anode B21/anode B22;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature rise of the firing in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of the start-up in the method for starting the bake of a cathode steel bar copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of a method for starting the firing of a cathode steel bar copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a roasting starting method of a cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) equipment installation: an anode, a burner cover plate and a burner nozzle are sequentially arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell;
the distance between the bottom palm of the anode and the surface of the cathode is 280-320 mm;
the distance between the central position of the burner nozzle of the burner and the surface of the cathode is 230-240 mm;
the angle of the burner nozzle is as follows: parallel to the ground, the burner nozzle of one side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the left by 8-10 degrees, the corner is not deviated very much, the burner nozzle of the other side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the right by 8-10 degrees, the corner is not deviated very much;
(2) Charging: sequentially charging electrolyte, sodium carbonate and cryolite into a furnace;
(3) Roasting: installing a roasting device for roasting the aluminum electrolysis cell; the roasting is carried out by adopting fuel gas; the baking temperature-increasing program is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 temperature program for baking
| Total time of heating (h) | 0 | 13 | 25 | 41 | 65 | 94 | 114 | 119 |
| Heating time (h) | 0 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 29 | 20 | 5 |
| Setting temperature (DEG C) | 35 | 200 | 300 | 450 | 600 | 850 | 950 | 950 |
(4) Starting: electrolyte is added into the aluminum electrolysis cell and then electrified, and the voltage is kept at 8 at 6.0-7.0V ～ The voltage is kept for 8-10 hours at 5.5-6.5V for 10 hours, and is kept for 8-10 hours at 4.7-5.5V.
The invention installs anode, burner cover plate and burner nozzle in the aluminum electrolysis cell in turn. In the present invention, the number of the anodes is preferably 40 to 48, more preferably 42 to 48, and still more preferably 48; the distance between the bottom palm of the anode and the surface of the cathode is 280-320 mm, preferably 290-310 mm, more preferably 300mm; the anode preferably adopts two anodes as a group to arrange an anode group.
In the present invention, the anode is preferably an anode carbon block; the anode carbon block is preferably characterized in that the guide rod is not bent vertically, ferrophosphorus is fully cast, the guide rod is not loosened, impurities such as ferrophosphorus and the like are not arranged on the surface of the anode, and an explosion welding port is not welded.
In the present invention, the mounting anode is preferably: and lowering the horizontal bus to a low position during roasting, determining that the cell chamber of the aluminum electrolysis cell is absolutely flat, lifting and installing the anode, vertically installing the anode to a corresponding position of the aluminum electrolysis cell, enabling the bottom palm of the anode to be in contact with the surface of the cathode, and fastening a fixture.
In the invention, the anode bottom is preferably blown clean by an air pipe before the anode is installed, so that no sundries are ensured; before the anode is installed, the surface of the cathode of the aluminum electrolysis cell is preferably cleaned by an air pipe, so that the cell chamber is clean and free of sundries.
In the invention, after the anode is installed, the upper edges and the lower edges of the horizontal bus bars on the anode guide bars at the aluminum outlet end and the flue end are respectively marked, redundant lines are processed, then the anode is lifted to the distance between the bottom palm of the anode and the surface of the cathode to be 280-320 mm, the clamp is fastened again and fastened again, the positions of the scales of the horizontal bus bars are recorded, and related information is recorded to a single-slot starting log for archiving.
In the invention, after the anode is installed, the anode is preferably confirmed to be capable of freely and repeatedly lifting, and the anode is ensured to be lifted to the position that the distance between the bottom palm of the anode and the surface of the cathode is less than 100 mm.
In the present invention, the anode is preferably prepared for fire protection before installation. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fire protection preparation is preferably: 6 dry powder extinguishers are prepared in each work area.
In the present invention, the emergency material preparation is preferably performed before the anode is installed. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the emergency material preparation preferably comprises alumina (in small bags), alumina shell blocks, magnesia, a leakage-proof plugboard, a slot stopping tool (in maintenance preparation) and an electrolytic labor protection article; the alumina is preferably placed around the starter tank. The invention prepares alumina, can be added into the aluminum electrolysis cell when the anode effect of the aluminum electrolysis cell occurs, and rapidly extinguishes the anode effect until the voltage of the aluminum electrolysis cell is reduced to below 4.5V safety voltage.
In the invention, the flame direction of the burner nozzle is preferably anticlockwise in the electrolytic tank; the distance between the central position of the burner nozzle and the surface of the cathode is 230-240 mm, preferably 232-238 mm, more preferably 235mm; the angles of the burner nozzles of the burner are preferably kept uniform; the angle of the burner nozzle is as follows: the burner nozzle of one side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the left by 8-10 degrees, preferably 9 degrees, the corner is not deviated very much, the burner nozzle of the other side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the right by 8-10 degrees, preferably 9 degrees, and the corner is not deviated very much.
In the process of installing the burner, the flame of the burner is preferably not directly aligned with the surrounding paste, and the flame directions of the burners at the two sides of the aluminum electrolysis cell are preferably not opposite. Through the arrangement, the invention ensures that the whole flame of the hearth of the aluminum electrolysis cell forms a rotating direction.
In the invention, the gap between the burner nozzle and the burner cover plate is preferably plugged by adopting aluminum silicate fiber felt.
In the invention, the aluminum electrolysis cell preferably equally divides the long side into four sections, and the four formed areas are named as a first control area, a second control area, a third control area and a fourth control area in sequence, which is shown in fig. 2.
The invention sequentially loads electrolyte, sodium carbonate and cryolite into the furnace. In the present invention, the particle size of the electrolyte is preferably 5 to 50mm, more preferably 5 to 40mm, still more preferably 5 to 20mm; the sodium carbonate is preferably in powder form; the cryolite is preferably in powder form. The charging electrolyte can prime and level the surface of the anode.
In the present invention, the sodium carbonate is preferably uniformly spread out with a large-surface processed surface coverage.
In the present invention, the cryolite is preferably added flush with the lower edge of the steel jaw of the anode.
In the invention, the middle seam of the aluminum electrolysis cell is preferably blocked by a calcium silicate heat insulating plate before charging, the polar seam is preferably blocked by an aluminum silicate fiber felt, the slot Zhou Gaiban seam is preferably blocked by an aluminum silicate fiber felt, the side seam is preferably blocked by a steel cover plate, and the aluminum outlet end and the flue end facet cover plate seam is preferably blocked by an aluminum silicate fiber felt, as shown in figure 1; the distance between the burner nozzle of the burner and the surface of the cathode is preferably checked before charging, and the angle adjustment meets the requirement; the cell coaming is preferably arranged along the outer edge of the cell shell of the aluminum electrolysis cell before charging. In the charging process, any material is prevented from falling into the chamber of the aluminum electrolysis cell, the burner nozzle is prevented from being touched, the position of the burner nozzle is prevented from being displaced, and if the position is displaced, the burner nozzle must be adjusted to be in situ.
In the embodiment of the invention, the single cell material consumption of the aluminum electrolysis cell is preferably as shown in the table 2:
table 2 single cell material usage of aluminium electrolysis cell
| Sequence number | Material | Single groove dosage |
| 1 | Cryolite | 15 tons |
| 2 | Electrolyte (solid) | 10 tons |
| 3 | Magnesium fluoride | 0.5 ton |
| 4 | Soda ash | 10 tons (reference, molecular ratio>3 as principle) |
| 5 | Anode | 48 groups |
| 6 | Aluminium filling liquid | 22 tons |
The invention mounts the aluminum electrolysis cell with a roasting device for roasting; the roasting is carried out by adopting fuel gas; the temperature-increasing program of the baking is shown in Table 1. The roasting temperature control of the aluminum electrolysis cell meets the requirement of a roasting temperature rise curve, and a 119-hour roasting curve is adopted according to the actual condition of on-site roasting, as shown in figure 3; the hearth temperature of the aluminum electrolysis cell in the roasting process is 10-20 ℃ higher than that of the traditional method, so that the anode temperature can directly reach the electrolysis temperature, and meanwhile, the moisture in the lining material of the aluminum electrolysis cell can be better discharged.
In the present invention, the gas is preferably supplied in an amount of 13000 to 14000m 3 More preferably 13200 to 13800m 3 Further preferably 13400 to 13600m 3 。
In the present invention, the roasting apparatus preferably includes a burner; the firing preferably uses an igniter to ignite the burner tip.
The invention adds electrolyte into the aluminum electrolysis cell and then electrifies the cell, and keeps 8 at 6.0-7.0V voltage ～ The voltage is kept for 8-10 hours at 5.5-6.5V for 10 hours, and is kept for 8-10 hours at 4.7-5.5V. In the present invention, the height of the electrolyte solution is preferably 35 to 45cm, more preferably 37 to 42cm, and even more preferably 40cm.
In the present invention, the direction of the current formed by the energization is preferably: the anode is sequentially conducted to a busbar soft belt, a horizontal busbar, an anode guide rod, an anode steel claw, an anode, electrolyte liquid and a cathode from an upright busbar.
In the present invention, the mass of the liquid electrolyte used for the start-up is 27 to 28 tons, more preferably 27 tons.
In the present invention, the first 42 hours of the start-up preferably starts to add solid electrolyte to the other aluminum electrolysis cells (electrolyte-extracting cells) connected in series with the aluminum electrolysis cell; the temperature of the electrolyte lifting tank is not lower than 945 ℃, more preferably 945-950 ℃; the voltage modification and electrolyte level maintenance of the lift cell is preferably performed according to table 3:
TABLE 3 Voltage modification and electrolyte level maintenance criteria for electrolyte tank
In the invention, the anode is preferably lowered by 200mm (the mark height of the horizontal bus bar is 250 mm) before starting, and the liquid electrolyte is poured into the aluminum electrolysis cell; the liquid electrolyte is preferably operated to keep the switch on power off after being poured into the aluminum electrolysis cell, the short-circuit port is separated, and the plug board of the short-circuit port is inserted to electrify the aluminum electrolysis cell.
In the present invention, a sufficient amount of liquid electrolyte is preferably prepared before the start-up, and the temperature of the liquid electrolyte is preferably not lower than 945 ℃. In particular embodiments of the present invention, the aluminum electrolysis cells are preferably conditioned with liquid electrolyte from other aluminum electrolysis cells prior to start-up, providing a sufficient amount of liquid electrolyte for start-up.
In the present invention, the preparation for starting the tool is preferably performed before the starting. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation of the starting tool is preferably: the method comprises the steps of preparing tools and instruments for starting, checking the conditions of a chute in the morning two days before starting, cleaning the chute, repairing if necessary, and using a forklift fork to reach the vicinity of an aluminum electrolysis cell to be started in the morning of starting.
In the present invention, the personnel preparation is preferably performed before the start-up. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the personnel preparation is preferably: and the staff responsible for on-site command, electrolyte extraction, burner frame removal, burner tip pulling and the like arrive at corresponding positions in advance.
In the present invention, the temperature confirmation is preferably performed before the start-up. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature confirmation is preferably: the temperature conditions of the four areas are confirmed, and after the conditions of starting are confirmed, the next preparation work can be carried out.
In the invention, the insulation protection of the column bus and the cell shell is preferably made before starting.
In the invention, the protection work of the gas pipeline is preferably done before starting, so that the influence and damage of high-temperature and high-temperature electrolyte on equipment in the process of the operation of the temporary tank are prevented.
In the present invention, it is preferable to check whether the emergency material, the emergency tool, and the measuring tool are ready in place before the start-up.
In the present invention, the data measurement is preferably performed before the start-up; the data measurements preferably include firing temperature, cathode rod temperature, sidewall temperature, hearth temperature, and electrolyte temperature, with start-up records recorded in a single cell file.
In the invention, the starting slot number and the specific starting time are preferably confirmed with the power supply department before starting.
In the invention, the uninterrupted power switch is preferably installed 30-60 minutes before starting, and the uninterrupted power switch has operation conditions; before starting, the uninterrupted power switch is preferably confirmed to work normally, and the preparation work for opening the short-circuit port is finished.
In the present invention, the opening is preferably made at the flue end prior to start-up for measuring the temperature of the liquid electrolyte and determining the electrolyte level.
In the present invention, the electrolyte charging chute is preferably prepared in place and properly installed prior to the start-up.
In the invention, the opening of the feed air valve is preferably confirmed before starting, and the crust breaking and blanking actions are tested after starting.
The process flow chart started in the roasting starting method of the cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell provided by the invention is shown in figure 4: firstly, electrolyte preparation, tool preparation for starting, emergency material preparation, tool preparation and personnel preparation are carried out, after the starting conditions are confirmed, electrolyte is pumped to add liquid electrolyte into an aluminum electrolysis cell, roasting control is carried out to drive a manual position, the upper material of a burner is cleaned, then a natural gas source and roasting equipment under the cell are sequentially closed, a roasting device is dismantled, the roasting device comprises a roasting frame, the burner is pulled out, a horizontal bus of an anode is lowered, the liquid electrolyte is filled, a uninterrupted power switch is operated to electrify, various data are measured and recorded, the crust breaking and blanking actions are tested, and the opening of a feed air valve is confirmed to finish the starting.
In the invention, the roasting device is preferably installed and debugged to the next aluminum electrolysis cell after the starting; the mounting is preferably: and taking out the burner cover plate for cleaning, cooling and then installing the burner cover plate to the next aluminum electrolysis cell.
In the invention, the insulation of the cell frame and the insulation of the short circuit port of the aluminum electrolysis cell are preferably reviewed after the starting.
In the invention, aluminum is preferably filled into the aluminum electrolysis cell after the starting; the aluminum filling time is preferably 24-36 hours after starting; the number of times of aluminum filling is preferably more than 1 time, more preferably 2 times; the single filling amount of the aluminum filling is preferably 10-12 tons, more preferably 11 tons; the thickness of the aluminum liquid obtained by aluminum pouring is preferably 17-25 cm, more preferably 19-24 cm, and even more preferably 20-22 cm; preferably, sodium carbonate is added after crust formation on the surface of the electrolyte after aluminum filling and taking a molecular ratio analysis result as a standard; the molecular ratio is preferably 3.0 to 3.3, more preferably 3.0 to 3.1; and after the sodium carbonate is added, preferably covering the heat preservation material, covering the groove cover plate, and cleaning the site.
In the invention, the current distribution of the anode guide rod is preferably measured before aluminum filling, and the anode with the voltage drop of more than 10mV is adjusted.
In the present invention, after the aluminum is poured, the current direction formed by electrifying is preferably: the anode steel claw, the anode, the electrolyte liquid, the aluminum liquid and the cathode are sequentially conducted from the upright bus to the bus flexible belt, the horizontal bus, the anode guide rod, the anode steel claw, the anode and the cathode.
In the present invention, the analysis of the raw aluminum sample is preferably started at 3 hours after the aluminum filling, and then the sample is taken and analyzed 1 time a day, and preferably the analysis is normally performed after the iron content of the raw aluminum sample is 0.2% or less and the silicon content is 0.08% or less (the sample is taken and analyzed 1 time every two days).
In the invention, after the aluminum is poured, the aluminum production is gradually adjusted to the aluminum production by reducing the aluminum production efficiency, and then the aluminum production is gradually increased according to the aluminum level standard.
In the invention, the aluminum electrolysis cell is preferably subjected to pole replacement (anode replacement) after aluminum filling; the pole change is preferably performed on day 2 after the start-up is finished; the principles of pole change preferably include: (1) the new anodes and the old anodes are uniformly distributed, and the same side preferably does not allow 2 groups (4 blocks) of anodes to be replaced at the same time; (2) the replacement of adjacent anodes is preferably performed for a time as long as possible, so that the current distribution is uniform; (3) the weight borne by the horizontal buses on the two sides (the A side and the B side in the figure 2) is preferably balanced; (4) the height of the new anode is preferably 1-1.5 cm, more preferably 1.3cm, higher than the original position of the anode scrap (automatic height measurement program is set according to the actual field). The high anode scrap which is changed by the invention is comprehensively and intensively used by the electrolysis area, and is only used in newly opened aluminum electrolysis cells in principle.
The process flow chart of the roasting starting method of the cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell provided by the invention is shown in figure 5: the invention firstly prepares instruments and meters, spare parts, raw materials and insulating materials, tools and emergency materials, then inspects cathode buses and anode buses, inspects electrolytic cell insulation, inspects electrolytic cell upper structure, inspects cell lining and inspects cell control box, then installs anode, loads in furnace, fires and burns, starts and fills aluminum in sequence, and then carries out later management, adjustment period management and normal production period management.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples to further illustrate the invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The 1232# aluminum electrolysis cell is started by adopting the roasting starting method, the temperatures of the hearth steel plates, the side walls and the cathode steel bars at the positions A1, B1, A24 and B24 during roasting are 5-9 ℃ higher than those of the aluminum electrolysis cell at the starting time of the traditional method, the hearth temperature is 10-20 ℃ higher, the impulse voltage at the starting time is 2.8V, and the roasting starting effect is better; after the aluminum electrolysis cell is started, the anode effect does not occur; the superheat degree of the electrolytic tank is 15.6 ℃ in the first month after starting, 13.8 ℃ in the second month and 11.2 ℃ in the third month; noise average 19.85mV during post-management.
Example 2
The 1317# aluminum electrolysis cell is started by adopting the roasting starting method, the temperatures of the hearth steel plates, the side walls and the cathode steel bars at the positions A1, B1, A24 and B24 during roasting are 4-7 ℃ higher than those of the aluminum electrolysis cell at the starting time of the traditional method, the hearth temperature is 10-20 ℃ higher, the impulse voltage at the starting time is 2.93V, and the roasting starting effect is better; after the aluminum electrolysis cell is started, the anode effect does not occur; the superheat degree of the electrolytic tank is 14.9 ℃ in the first month after starting, 13.7 ℃ in the second month and 11.5 ℃ in the third month; noise averages 20.05mV during post-management.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum electrolysis cell of # 1007 is started by roasting by a traditional method, the temperatures of the hearth steel plates, the side walls and the cathode steel bars at the positions A1, B1, A24 and B24 are the traditional temperatures (5-9 ℃ lower than those of the embodiment 1), the impulse voltage is 3.2V during starting, and the roasting starting effect is poorer than that of the starting cells of the embodiment 1-2; the cell was subjected to 2 anode effects after start-up; the superheat degree of the electrolytic tank is 14.8 ℃ in the first month after starting, 12.6 ℃ in the second month and 11.0 ℃ in the third month; noise average 21.4mV during post-management.
The roasting starting method provided by the invention has the advantages of better roasting effect, lower impulse voltage, higher superheat degree in the later management period and better stability of the electrolytic tank after the electrolytic tank is started by the roasting starting methods provided by the invention in comparative examples 1-2 and comparative example 1.
According to the embodiment, after the electrolytic cell is started by the roasting starting method, the roasting effect is better, the impulse voltage is lower, the superheat degree in the later management period is higher, and the stability of the electrolytic cell is better.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all embodiments of the invention, other embodiments may be obtained according to the present embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The roasting starting method of the cathode steel rod copper-inserted aluminum electrolysis cell is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) And (3) equipment installation: an anode, a burner cover plate and a burner nozzle are sequentially arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell;
the distance between the bottom palm of the anode and the surface of the cathode is 280-320 mm;
the distance between the central position of the burner nozzle of the burner and the surface of the cathode is 230-240 mm;
the angle of the burner nozzle is as follows: parallel to the ground, the burner nozzle of one side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the left by 8-10 degrees, the corner is not deviated very much, the burner nozzle of the other side of the aluminum electrolysis cell is deviated to the right by 8-10 degrees, the corner is not deviated very much;
(2) Charging: sequentially charging electrolyte, sodium carbonate and cryolite into a furnace;
(3) Roasting: installing a roasting device for roasting the aluminum electrolysis cell; the roasting is carried out by adopting fuel gas; the baking temperature-increasing program is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 temperature program for baking
(4) Starting: electrolyte is added into the aluminum electrolysis cell and then electrified, and the voltage is kept at 8 at 6.0-7.0V ～ The voltage is kept for 8-10 hours at 5.5-6.5V for 10 hours, and is kept for 8-10 hours at 4.7-5.5V.
2. The firing initiation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the electrolyte has a particle size of 5 to 50mm.
3. The firing initiation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the thickness of the electrolyte solution is 35 to 45cm.
4. The firing initiation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (2), the cryolite is added flush with the lower edge of the steel claw of the anode.
5. The firing initiation method of claim 1, wherein the flame direction of the burner tip is counter-clockwise within the electrolytic cell.
6. The firing initiation method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in the step (1), the number of anodes is 40 to 48.
7. The firing initiation method according to claim 1, wherein,in the step (3), the gas is introduced in an amount of 13000-14000 m 3 。
8. The firing initiation method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in the step (1), a distance between a bottom sole of the anode and a surface of the cathode is 280 to 310mm.
9. The roasting starting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the middle joint of the aluminum electrolysis cell is plugged with a calcium silicate heat insulation plate before charging, the polar joint is plugged with an aluminum silicate fiber felt, and the side joint is plugged with a steel cover plate;
the gap between the burner nozzle and the burner cover plate is plugged by adopting aluminum silicate fiber felt.
10. The roasting starting method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the aluminium electrolysis cell is aluminium-filled after the start-up; the aluminum filling time is 24-36 hours after starting.
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