CN117141313A - Contactor assembly for a traction network and traction network for an electric vehicle - Google Patents

Contactor assembly for a traction network and traction network for an electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117141313A
CN117141313A CN202310622694.1A CN202310622694A CN117141313A CN 117141313 A CN117141313 A CN 117141313A CN 202310622694 A CN202310622694 A CN 202310622694A CN 117141313 A CN117141313 A CN 117141313A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
contactor
contact
fixed contact
contactor assembly
traction network
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310622694.1A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
P·林德
A·布赖特科普夫
J·雷克利斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of CN117141313A publication Critical patent/CN117141313A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
    • H01H1/205—Details concerning the elastic mounting of the rotating bridge in the rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position

Abstract

The invention relates to a contactor assembly (10) for a traction network (100) of an electric vehicle, wherein the contactor assembly (10) has a first contactor (1) between a first fixed contact (A) and a fourth fixed contact (D), a second contactor (2) between the first fixed contact (A) and a second fixed contact (B), a third contactor (3) between the fourth fixed contact (D) and a third fixed contact (C), and at least one pre-charge resistor (R) between the first fixed contact (A) and the second fixed contact (B) V ) And between the fourth fixed contact (D) and the third fixed contact (C) at least one pre-charge resistor (R V ) Wherein the contactor assembly (10) is configured as a rotary contactor (30) with a drive (31), and toAnd a traction network (100) having such a contactor assembly (10).

Description

Contactor assembly for a traction network and traction network for an electric vehicle
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a contactor assembly for a traction network (or referred to as a traction grid, or traktionnetz) and a traction network for an electric vehicle.
Background
Traction networks for electric vehicles are used to control an electric machine for driving by means of electric energy. The direct voltage is converted into an alternating voltage for the electric machine by at least one inverter, or conversely the alternating voltage induced during regenerative braking is converted into a direct voltage, by means of which the battery unit can then be charged. The rated voltage of such a battery cell is typically between 400-800V. A higher voltage level is preferred here, since the current required at the same power can thereby be reduced. On the other hand, the demands on the constructional elements used increase.
In this case, a traction network has been proposed which has two battery cells of the same nominal voltage, which can optionally be connected in parallel or in series by means of a contactor assembly. Switchability may be triggered for various reasons, for example, in order to be able to charge more flexibly at charging stations with 400V or 800V. Another motivation is to operate at 400V, for example, in driving operation, and to switch to only 800V in series for quick charging. Such a traction network or such a contactor assembly is known, for example, from DE 10 2020 117 681 A1.
In order to avoid large compensation currents due to different voltage levels when connected in parallel, the two battery cells are first connected to each other by a precharge relay before they are then connected in full parallel by the main contactor. At least one pre-charge resistor is connected in series with a pre-charge relay or also with a pre-charge contactor. A total of five contactors are therefore required for such selectable switching between the series and parallel couplings of the two battery cells. Opening and closing is generally achieved in relays or contactors by linear reciprocation of a movable contact bridge.
Rotary contactors are known from WO 2016/075039 A1 and WO 2021/063616 A1. Here, the opening and closing of the electrical connection between the two fixed contacts is achieved by a rotational movement of the movable contact bridge. This type of circuit has some advantages because this type of contactor is less susceptible to levitation or vibration. WO 2021/063616 A1 further discloses that a plurality of pairs of fixed contacts can also be provided, which can each be connected to one another by associated conductive elements in a rotary contact bridge. It is thereby possible to simultaneously couple or decouple a plurality of pairs of fixed contacts to one another by a single rotational movement of the rotary contact bridge, wherein the different conductive elements are electrically insulated by the insulator element. The drive may be a stepper motor or a magnetic drive.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem underlying the present invention is based on improving a contactor assembly for a traction network of an electric vehicle to optionally switch between a series and parallel coupling of two battery cells. Another technical problem is to establish a corresponding traction network.
The solution to this problem is achieved by the contactor assembly according to the invention and the traction network according to the invention. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention results from the invention.
A contactor assembly for a traction network of an electric vehicle has a first contactor between a first fixed contact and a fourth fixed contact. Further, the contactor assembly has a second contactor between the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact and a third contactor between the fourth fixed contact and the third fixed contact. A fourth contactor having at least one precharge resistor is disposed between the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact. Finally, a fifth contactor having at least one precharge resistor is disposed between the fourth fixed contact and the third fixed contact. In addition, the contactor assembly is configured as a rotary contactor with a drive. This allows for a very compact, less susceptible contactor assembly.
In one embodiment, the drive is configured as a stepper motor, which on the one hand can be configured very compact and can control the rotation very precisely.
In another embodiment, the stepper motor is configured as a self-locking transmission stepper motor. Thus, the driver may be constructed very energy efficient, as it does not have to be permanently energized in order to maintain the corresponding switch configuration.
In a further embodiment, the movable contact of the contactor is arranged on a cylinder disk which is rotatably supported by the drive via a common rotation axis, wherein the contact surface of the movable contact with the fixed contact is arranged on a side surface of the cylinder disk. The fixed contact may then be in its vicinity and extend in the longitudinal direction of the column.
Preferably, the movable contact has an integrated spring element which presses the movable contact radially outwards. Thereby generating sufficient contact force and at the same time compensating for possible wear.
In another embodiment, the movable contact of the contactor with at least one pre-charge resistor is configured as a double contact. It is thereby ensured that the contactor with the pre-charge resistor is closed first, independently of the direction of rotation, before the contactor for the parallel connection is closed.
In a further embodiment, the movable contact of the contactor is arranged on a cylindrical disk which is rotatably supported via a drive, wherein the contact surface of the movable contact for contacting the fixed contact is arranged on the base surface of the cylindrical disk.
In this case, it can be provided that the cylinder disk is spaced apart from the fixed contact, wherein the drive is designed such that the cylinder disk is additionally axially movable. Unnecessary wear during rotation for changing the coupling position can thereby be reduced.
In an alternative embodiment, the movable contact is arranged at the rotary arm of the rotor of the drive.
The traction network of an electric vehicle has two battery cells that may be optionally coupled in series or in parallel by a contactor assembly configured as a rotary contactor with a drive, as described above.
Drawings
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:
figure 1a shows a schematic partial illustration of a traction network,
figure 1b shows a schematic partial illustration of a traction network,
figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the movable contact of the contactor on the cylinder disc,
figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the movable contact with the pre-charge resistor on the cylinder disk,
figure 4 shows a front view of the rotary contactor,
figure 5 shows a side view of the rotary contactor according to figure 4,
figure 6 shows a top view of the rotary contactor according to figure 4,
figures 7a and b show a circuit schematic illustration of an open contactor assembly,
figures 8a, b show circuit technology diagrams of a contactor assembly for a series connection of battery cells,
figures 9a and b show circuit technology diagrams of a contactor assembly for pre-charging,
figures 10a and b show circuit technology diagrams of alternative configurations,
figures 11a, b show schematic representations of alternative structural forms of the rotary contactor,
figure 12 shows a schematic illustration of a further alternative construction,
figure 13 shows a schematic illustration of another alternative embodiment in a first coupling position,
FIG. 14 shows a schematic illustration in a second coupling position according to the embodiment of FIG. 13, and
fig. 15 shows a schematic illustration in a third coupling position according to the embodiment of fig. 13.
Detailed Description
A portion of the traction network 100 is shown in fig. 1 a. The traction network 100 has a first battery cell 11 and a second battery cell 12, which have the same nominal voltage, in the example shown 400V. Furthermore, a contactor assembly 10 is shown, by means of which two battery cells 11, 12 can optionally be coupled in parallel or in series, wherein the control of the contactor assembly 10 takes place, for example, by a battery management controller, not shown. The contactor assembly 10 has a first contactor 1 between a first fixed contact a and a fourth fixed contact D. The first fixed contactA is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery cell 11. The fourth fixed contact D is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery cell 12. Further, the contactor assembly 10 has a second contactor 2 arranged between a first fixed contact a and a second fixed contact B, wherein the second fixed contact B is connected with the negative pole of the second battery cell 12. A third contactor 3 is arranged between the fourth stationary contact D and the third stationary contact C, wherein the third stationary contact C is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery cell 11. With a precharge resistor R V Is arranged in parallel with the second contactor 2. With a precharge resistor R V Is arranged in parallel with the third contactor 3. Furthermore, two main contactors 4, 5 are shown, by means of which the battery cells 11, 12 can be electrically isolated from the rest of the traction network 100. Additionally, at least one safety device can also be provided. If the first contactor 1 is closed and the remaining contactors 2, 3,2v,3v of the contactor assembly 10 are opened, the two battery cells 11, 12 are coupled in series. If the second contactor 2 and the third contactor 3 are closed and the remaining contactors 1, 2v,3v of the contactor assembly 10 are opened, the two battery cells 11, 12 are coupled in parallel. If the fourth contactor 2v and the fifth contactor 3v are closed and the remaining contactors 1, 2, 3 of the contactor assembly 10 are opened, the two battery cells 11, 12 pass through the precharge resistor R V Are coupled in parallel with each other. In fig. 1b, the contactor assembly 10 is now modified such that it appears that the five contactors 1, 2, 3,2v,3v are arranged next to each other.
In fig. 2, a cylinder disk 20 made of an electrical insulator is shown. An electrical contact 21 is arranged on the cylinder disk 20, which electrical contact forms the movable contact of the contactor, wherein this movement is effected by a rotation of the cylinder disk 20. In this case, a central opening 22 is shown in the cylinder disk 20, through which a rotor shaft of a drive, not shown, passes. The electrical contact 21 has an integrated spring element 23 which presses the contact 21 radially outwards. Two contact surfaces 25 (rear contact surface 25 is not visible) are then arranged on the side surfaces 24 of the cylinder disk 20, which contact surfaces establish electrical contact with the fixed contacts a-D. The cylindrical disk 20 with the electrical contacts 21 is a construction for the first contactor 1, the second contactor 2 and the third contactor 3 of the contactor assembly 10.
Fig. 3 shows a cylinder plate 20 made of an electrical insulator. Precharge resistor R with integrated elastic element 23 V Is arranged on the cylinder plate 20. Two contacts 26 are connected from the precharge resistor R V Starting from the respective side of the pair, so that a respective contact surface 25 forms a double contact at the side surface 24. This represents the structural parts of the fourth contactor 2v and the fifth contactor 3 v. It should be noted here that the formation can also be similar to fig. 2, so that there is only one contact surface 25 for each coupling side.
In fig. 4, a contactor assembly 10 in the form of a rotary contactor 30 is now shown. Here, a drive 31 with a rotor shaft 32 is schematically shown, wherein the drive 31 is preferably a self-locking transmission stepper motor 33. The rotary contactor 30 consists of five cylinder discs 20, alternating from top to bottom according to the embodiment of fig. 2 and 3. The fixed contacts a-D are shown on the sides. Insulating disks 34 are also respectively arranged between the cylinder disks 20. The uppermost cylindrical disk 20 is the second contactor 2. The cylinder plate 20 thereunder is a fourth contactor 2v. The middle cylinder plate 20 is the first contactor 1. Below which is a fifth contactor 3v and the lowermost cylinder tray 20 is a third contactor 3. It is furthermore seen that the two contact surfaces 25 of the double contact are offset to the left and right with respect to the contact surface 25 of the associated second contactor 2 or third contactor 3. It is thereby ensured that the fourth and fifth contactors 2v,3v are first closed before the second and third contactors 2, 3 are closed, independently of the direction of rotation, i.e. that the pre-charging always takes place before the battery cells 11, 12 are coupled in parallel. The rotary contactor 30 is then shown in side and top views in fig. 5 and 6.
In fig. 7a contactor assembly 10 according to the modification of fig. 1b is shown, wherein all contactors 1, 2, 3,2v,3v of the contactor assembly are open. Also the two main contactors 4, 5 are open. The relative position of the rotary contactor 30 is shown in fig. 7 b. The fixed contacts a-D are not connected to any contact surface 25.
In fig. 8a it is shown at this point that the first contactor 1 of the contactor assembly 10 is closed, while the other contactors 2, 3,2v,3v are open. The two main contactors 4, 5 are also closed, so that there is a voltage of 800V at the output due to the series connection of the two battery cells 11, 12. The corresponding positions of the rotary contactor 30 are shown in fig. 8b, wherein the contact surface 25 of the first contactor 1 is connected with the fixed contacts D and a.
In fig. 9a is shown when two battery cells 11, 12 pass through the pre-charge resistor R V The contactor assembly 10 when coupled in parallel, wherein the two main contactors 4, 5 are open. The corresponding rotational position of the rotary contactor 30 is shown in fig. 9 b. Here, the fixed contacts A, B are each connected to the contact surface 25 of the fourth contactor 2v, and the two fixed contacts C, D are each connected to the contact surface 25 of the fifth contactor 3 v.
Fig. 10a shows a contactor assembly 10, in which the second contactor 2 and the third contactor 3 are closed, so that the two battery cells 11, 12 are coupled in parallel, wherein the remaining contactors 1, 2v,3v of the contactor assembly 10 are opened. Accordingly, the fixed contact A, B is connected to the contact surface 25 of the second contactor 2, and the fixed contact C, D is connected to the contact surface 25 of the third contactor 3.
An alternative concept for a rotary contactor 30 is shown in a highly simplified manner in fig. 11a and b, wherein the electrical contacts 21 are arranged on a base surface of the rotatable cylinder disk 20, wherein the connection is made via the fixed contacts a-D of the cylinder disk 20 depending on the direction of rotation. In the coupled position according to fig. 11a, the battery cells 11, 12 are coupled in parallel and in fig. 11b the two battery cells 11, 12 are coupled in series. For clarity, the precharge resistor R is not shown here V 。
Another alternative embodiment of a rotary contactor 30 is schematically illustrated in fig. 12. At the rotor 40 of the other drive, not shown, a rotary arm 41 is arranged, at the end of which an elastically mounted contact plate 42 is arranged, which then connects the fixed contacts a and B and C and D or a and D to one another depending on the position of the rotor 40.
The basic principle according to fig. 11a and b shall now be explained in more detail according to a possible embodiment according to fig. 13 to 15. The rotary contactor 30 has a fixed portion 50 and a movable portion 51. Here, additionally, the fixed contacts a and D are shown with respect to the movable portion 51. FixingContacts B and C are disposed on the cylinder cover 52 of the fixed portion 50, but are not visible. The fixed portion 50 has contacts 53 firmly electrically connected with the fixed contacts B and C. In addition, the contact 53 is firmly connected to the precharge resistor R V And (5) connection. If two battery cells 11, 12 (see, for example, fig. 1) are to be coupled in series, the contact element 54 is rotated onto and connects the two fixed contacts a and D, which is shown in fig. 13. Otherwise there is no electrical connection to the fixed part 50 in this position. In contrast, if the precharge resistor R should be passed V The precharging is performed and the rotary contactor is turned to the position according to fig. 14. Fixed contacts A and D then pass through pre-charge resistor R through contact 55 V And the contact 53 is connected with the fixed contacts B and C. If the two battery cells 11, 12 are to be connected in parallel, the rotary contactor 30 is rotated into the position according to fig. 15, so that the contact 56 is in contact with the contact 53, so that the fixed contacts a and B and C and D are directly connected to one another. It should be noted here that the fixing portion 50 does not have to be configured in a cylindrical shape.
List of reference numerals
1. First contactor
2. Second contactor
3. Third contactor
4. Main contactor
5. Main contactor
2v fourth contactor
3v fifth contactor
10. Contactor assembly
11. Battery cell
12. Battery cell
20. Column plate
21. Contact point
22. An opening
23. Elastic element
24. Side surfaces
25. Contact surface
26. Contact point
30. Rotary contactor
31. Driver(s)
32. Rotor shaft
33. Transmission stepping motor
34. Insulating disc
40. Rotor
41. Rotating arm
42. Contact plate
50. Fixing part
51. Movable part
52. Column cover
53. Contact point
54. Contact element
55. Contact point
100. Traction network
R V Pre-charge resistor

Claims (10)

1. A contactor assembly (10) for a traction network (100) of an electric vehicle, wherein the contactor assembly (10) has a first contactor (1) between a first fixed contact (a) and a fourth fixed contact (D), a second contactor (2) between the first fixed contact (a) and a second fixed contact (B), a third contactor (3) between the fourth fixed contact (D) and a third fixed contact (C), a first contactor (B) between the first fixed contact (a) and the second fixed contact (B) having at least one pre-charge resistor (R) V ) And between the fourth fixed contact (D) and the third fixed contact (C) at least one pre-charge resistor (R V ) Is a fifth contactor (3 v),
it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the contactor assembly (10) is configured as a rotary contactor (30) with a drive (31).
2. Contactor assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the driver (31) is configured as a stepper motor.
3. The contactor assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that the stepper motor is configured as a self-locking transmission stepper motor (33).
4. Contactor assembly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable contacts of the contactors (1-3, 2v,3 v) are arranged on a cylinder disc (20) rotatably supported by the drive (31) via a common rotation axis, wherein the contact surfaces (25) of the movable contacts for contact with the stationary contacts (a-D) are arranged on a side surface (24) of the cylinder disc (20).
5. Contactor assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the movable contact has an integrated elastic element (23).
6. Contactor assembly according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it has said at least one pre-charge resistor (R V ) The movable contacts of the contactors (2 v,3 v) are configured as double contacts.
7. A contactor assembly according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the movable contacts of the contactor (1-3, 2v,3 v) are arranged on a cylinder disc (20) rotatably supported via the actuator (31), wherein the contact surfaces (25) of the movable contacts for contact with the stationary contacts (a-D) are arranged on a base surface of the cylinder disc (20).
8. The contactor assembly according to claim 7, wherein the cylinder disc is spaced apart from the fixed contacts, wherein the actuator (31) is configured such that the cylinder disc (20) is additionally axially movable.
9. A contactor assembly according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the movable contact is arranged at a rotating arm (41) of a rotor (40) of the drive (31).
10. A traction network (100) for an electric vehicle, wherein the traction network (100) has two battery cells (11, 12) which can be connected in series or in parallel optionally by means of a contactor assembly (10),
it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the traction network (100) has a contactor assembly (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202310622694.1A 2022-05-30 2023-05-30 Contactor assembly for a traction network and traction network for an electric vehicle Pending CN117141313A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022205450.4A DE102022205450B3 (en) 2022-05-30 2022-05-30 Contactor arrangement for a traction network and traction network of an electric vehicle
DE102022205450.4 2022-05-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117141313A true CN117141313A (en) 2023-12-01

Family

ID=87930456

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310622694.1A Pending CN117141313A (en) 2022-05-30 2023-05-30 Contactor assembly for a traction network and traction network for an electric vehicle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117141313A (en)
DE (1) DE102022205450B3 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014116400A1 (en) 2014-11-11 2016-05-12 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Rotary contact device for a switch
DE102017123184A1 (en) 2017-10-05 2019-04-11 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Apparatus and method for charging an electrical energy storage system
CN109786180A (en) 2019-03-13 2019-05-21 张兴 A kind of multichannel is double to cut electronic rotation relay
DE102019126351A1 (en) 2019-09-30 2021-04-01 Tdk Electronics Ag Switching device
DE102020117681A1 (en) 2020-07-03 2022-01-05 Elringklinger Ag Control device for a battery storage

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DE102022205450B3 (en) 2023-09-28

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