CN117140377A - Composite CBN grinding wheel for powder metallurgy high-speed steel tool and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite CBN grinding wheel for powder metallurgy high-speed steel tool and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117140377A CN117140377A CN202311200739.2A CN202311200739A CN117140377A CN 117140377 A CN117140377 A CN 117140377A CN 202311200739 A CN202311200739 A CN 202311200739A CN 117140377 A CN117140377 A CN 117140377A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/346—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised during polishing, or grinding operation
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite CBN grinding wheel for a powder metallurgy high-speed steel tool and a preparation method thereof, wherein ceramic powder and abrasive materials are mixed and sintered, and an obtained sintered blank is crushed to obtain a ceramic abrasive material composite; and mixing the resin powder with the ceramic abrasive composite, and performing hot press molding to obtain the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter. In the invention, the ceramic bond can firmly wrap the abrasive, and the resin bond fills the pores of the crushing body, so that a tissue structure which is wholly pore-free and locally pore-free can be formed. Therefore, when the powder metallurgy HSS cutter is processed, sharpness and self-sharpening can be ensured to continuously process, the situation that the processed cutter cutting edge breaks up, curls and the like can not occur, the advantages of the cutter cutting edge and the cutter cutting edge are achieved, and the cutter cutting edge has ultrahigh grinding efficiency and processing quality in the processing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to powder metallurgy high-speed steel processing, in particular to a composite bonding agent CBN grinding wheel for a powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter, and belongs to the field of CBN grinding wheels.
Background
Powder metallurgy high-speed steel (HSS) is a fine high-speed steel powder obtained by atomizing high-speed molten steel with a high-pressure inert gas or high-pressure water, then press-forming at high temperature and high pressure, and then sintering. Carbide segregation easily occurs in smelting high-speed steel, hard and brittle carbides are unevenly distributed in the high-speed steel, and coarse grains (8-20 mu m) can adversely affect the wear resistance, toughness and cutting performance of the high-speed steel cutter. The powder metallurgy high-speed steel changes the traditional casting process, and the components of the high-performance high-speed steel produced by adopting the powder metallurgy technology or the directly formed cutter material can be similar to those of the common high-speed steel. The structure is characterized in that segregation of chemical components does not exist, carbide particles are fine and distributed uniformly, and toughness is obviously improved, so that the volume fraction of carbide is allowed to be increased, and wear resistance is improved. The heat treatment temperature range is wide, and the heating can be performed at a very high temperature without overheating. The heat treatment deformation is small, the forging, rolling and grinding properties are improved, and the heat treatment deformation is commonly used for producing high-speed steel which is difficult to manufacture by a conventional method and contains vanadium and niobium. And the wear-resistant ultra-hard micro powder can be added into the powder to obtain the high-performance special high-speed steel between the high-speed steel and the hard alloy. The special and advanced smelting method of the powder metallurgy high-speed steel is an innovation of high-speed steel smelting, and creates a new steel grade with the performance between that of the hard alloy and that of the common high-speed steel.
The powder metallurgy high-speed steel has the advantages that: (1) The powder metallurgy high-speed steel can solve the problem of carbide segregation. The surface area of carbide particles uniformly distributed is larger, so that the wear resistance is improved by 20% -30%. (2) good grinding processability. The carbide is tiny and uniform, so that the powder metallurgy high-speed steel has good grinding processability. (3) can manufacture superhard high-speed steel. The hardness after heat treatment can reach 67-70 HRC, and high carbide (TiC and NbC) can be added into the existing high-speed steel to prepare the new super-hard high-speed steel material. (4) can ensure isotropy of physical and mechanical properties. (5) steel and man-hour can be saved.
The cutting tools (tools including drill, milling cutter, reamer, tap, boring cutter and other tools) made of the powder metallurgy high-speed steel have better performance than the common high-speed steel, have longer service life than the common high-speed steel (generally 2-3 times), can replace hard alloy tools in the cutting occasion with large impact load, and have very good application prospect in the tool industry and are more and more concerned. In the current 3C cutter field, the diameter of the cutter is generally smaller (phi is less than or equal to 3 mm), the length-diameter ratio is larger (more than or equal to 20), and the strength of the material is improved more. Especially, when nonferrous metal alloys such as titanium aluminum and the like are processed, the brittleness of the hard alloy is too large, and the needle breakage is easy to occur. Therefore, powder metallurgy HSS is increasingly used for replacing hard alloy and is applied to 3C small-diameter cutters.
In the process of grinding high-speed steel, a white corundum grinding wheel, a monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel, a resin CBN grinding wheel and the like are generally selected. The prior art discloses a method for grinding high-speed steel rolls, wherein the grinding wheel is a low-granularity composite abrasive resin soft grinding wheel. The prior art discloses a grinding wheel for grinding high-speed steel, which comprises a first circular plate, wherein a first through hole is formed in the side face of the first circular plate, a second through hole is formed in the outer side of the first through hole in a ninety-degree annular shape, and the second through hole penetrates through the first circular plate; the grinding wheel for grinding the high-speed steel has two meshes through the matching among the first circular plate, the second circular plate, the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel. The prior art discloses a special grinding wheel for a rail grinding train and a preparation method thereof, and in particular relates to the technical field of grinding wheel manufacture. The prior art discloses a superhard material grinding wheel for processing hard alloy and high-speed steel, which comprises a rotating shaft, a transition wheel, a groove and a white corundum grinding wheel. The prior art discloses a preparation method of an abrasive grinding wheel, which relates to the field of grinding wheel dies, and consists of an SG abrasive, a binding agent and air holes, wherein the SG abrasive grinding wheel is used for replacing other common abrasive grinding wheels, so that the purpose of grinding steel such as high-speed steel, stainless steel and the like is achieved.
The prior literature does not disclose a grinding wheel for powder metallurgy HSS processing, the traditional resin bonding agent is easy to cause scrap adhesion, the grinding wheel has poor self-sharpening property, the conditions of processing burn, workpiece annealing and the like are caused, the service life is further shortened, the metal bonding agent cannot be applied to the processing, the ceramic bonding agent can realize continuous processing performance, but the conditions of cutting edge breakage, curling and the like exist in the processing process, and the ceramic bonding agent cannot be basically used. Therefore, there is a need to develop new grinding wheels for machining powder metallurgy high speed steel tools.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite CBN grinding wheel for a powder metallurgy HSS (home subscriber server) cutter, wherein a ceramic bond CBN blank sintered at high temperature is used in the composite grinding wheel, resin is composited after crushing, the ceramic bond can firmly wrap an abrasive, the resin bond fills pores of a crushing body, and a tissue structure which is wholly free of pores and locally has pores can be formed. Therefore, when the powder metallurgy HSS cutter is processed, sharpness and self-sharpening can be ensured to continuously process, the situation that the processed cutter cutting edge breaks up, curls and the like can not occur, the advantages of the cutter cutting edge and the cutter cutting edge are achieved, and the cutter cutting edge has ultrahigh grinding efficiency and processing quality in the processing process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a composite CBN grinding wheel for powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutters, wherein a grinding layer comprises resin and ceramic abrasive composites; the ceramic abrasive composite is obtained by sintering ceramic powder and abrasive. As a general knowledge, the grinding wheel also comprises a substrate, and specifically, the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter consists of the substrate and a grinding layer arranged on the substrate, and the specific structure is a conventional technology.
In the invention, the grinding layer is prepared from resin powder and a ceramic abrasive composite; the abrasive is Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN).
The invention discloses a preparation method of the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing ceramic powder and abrasive materials, sintering, and crushing the obtained sintered blank to obtain a ceramic abrasive composite;
(2) And mixing the resin powder with the ceramic abrasive composite, and performing hot press molding to obtain the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter.
As a general knowledge, the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter is obtained by mixing resin powder with a ceramic abrasive composite, performing hot press molding, and performing conventional machining.
In the invention, the sintering temperature curve is 0.5-1 h, the temperature is raised to 450-550 ℃ from room temperature, the heat is preserved for 1-2 h, then the temperature is raised to 700-800 ℃ for 1-2 h, the heat is preserved for 4-6 h, and then the furnace is cooled; crushing is realized by adopting a ball milling method after crushing. Preferably, the ceramic powder and the abrasive are mixed, cold-pressed and molded, and then sintered; further preferably, the ceramic powder and the abrasive are mixed, sieved, pressed and molded, and then sintered.
In the invention, the obtained sintered blank is crushed and sieved to obtain the ceramic abrasive composite. Mixing the resin powder with the ceramic abrasive composite, sieving, and hot-press molding.
In the invention, the hot pressing pressure is 40-60 MPa; the hot pressing temperature curve is that the temperature is raised from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 8-15 minutes, the temperature is raised to 260-300 ℃ for 3-7 minutes after the heat preservation is carried out for 8-12 minutes, the heat preservation is carried out for 30-60 minutes, and then the natural cooling is carried out.
In the invention, the volume ratio of the ceramic powder to the abrasive is (5-7) to (3-5); the volume ratio of the resin powder to the ceramic abrasive composite is (6-7) to (3-4).
In the invention, the ceramic powder comprises silicon dioxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide; preferably, the ceramic powder is prepared by smelting 15-25% of boron oxide, 5-15% of aluminum oxide, 3-7% of titanium dioxide and the balance of silicon dioxide in percentage by mass. And smelting the mixture of silicon dioxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide at 1300-1500 ℃ to obtain ceramic powder.
In the invention, the resin powder is modified polyimide resin powder, and the curing temperature is 300-350 ℃.
The ceramic bond and the CBN abrasive are compounded and then mixed with the resin bond to prepare the compound CBN grinding wheel, so that the compound CBN grinding wheel has the characteristics of good sharpness and excellent self-sharpening property when a powder metallurgy HSS (home subscriber server) cutter is processed on a five-axis numerical control machine tool, the strength of the integral matrix is enhanced, and the service life of the grinding wheel can be prolonged; the method has the advantages of excellent processing surface quality, no defect of the cutting edge of the cutter, no burn of the cutter body, no annealing and the like; in a word, have processing quality, machining efficiency and processing life's advantage concurrently. The linear speed can reach 40 m/s when the powder metallurgy HSS cutter is processed, and is improved by 100% compared with other resin grinding wheels; the single feeding amount can reach 1.5-2.0 mm, which is improved by 50-100% compared with other resin grinding wheels; the feeding speed can reach 120-150 mm/min, which is 100-150% higher than other resin grinding wheels; the trimming interval is 1000-1200 counts, which is 100-140% higher than other resin grinding wheels; compared with other resin grinding wheels, the service life of the resin grinding wheel is prolonged by 100-200%. Under the same test condition, the composite bonding agent CBN grinding wheel improves the comprehensive processing efficiency by 200-300 percent compared with the resin grinding wheel in the market.
The invention discloses an application of the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter in processing high-speed steel, and the high-speed steel is preferably powder metallurgy high-speed steel, such as a powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter; the processing is sharpening.
The invention discloses a method for processing a powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter, which utilizes the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter to grind, thereby realizing the processing of the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter.
Due to the application of the scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention combines the ceramic bond and the CBN abrasive material, and then mixes the ceramic bond and the CBN abrasive material with the resin bond to prepare the composite CBN grinding wheel, which has the advantages of processing quality, processing efficiency and processing service life, and has ultrahigh grinding efficiency in the processing process.
2. The composite CBN grinding wheel prepared by the method can firmly wrap the grinding material by the ceramic bond, and the redundant pores are filled by the resin bond, so that a tissue structure which is wholly pore-free and locally pore-free can be formed. Sharpness and self-sharpening in the processing process are achieved, and overall processing efficiency is improved.
3. Compared with the existing resin grinding wheel, the composite CBN grinding wheel disclosed by the invention has excellent performance, and the processing linear speed can be improved by 100% under the same test condition; the single feeding amount can be increased by 50-100%; the feeding speed can be improved by 100-150%; the trimming interval is improved by 100 to 140 percent; the service life is improved by 100-200%, and the comprehensive processing efficiency is improved by 200-300%.
4. The preparation process of the composite bond CBN grinding wheel disclosed by the invention is simple, the production efficiency is high, the raw materials have no special requirements, the production process does not pollute the environment, and the composite bond CBN grinding wheel is suitable for industrial production and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a wheel gauge;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a grinding wheel of an embodiment, the substrate being aluminum;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the microstructure of a grinding wheel of an embodiment, magnified 600 times;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a workpiece processed according to an embodiment;
fig. 5 is a photograph of a comparative example one machined workpiece.
Detailed Description
The existing grinding wheel has the problems that the existing grinding wheel is required to be improved for the powder metallurgy HSS processing effect, scraps are easy to adhere to a resin bonding agent, the grinding wheel is poor in self-sharpening property, the conditions of processing burn, workpiece annealing and the like are caused, the service life is shortened, the metal bonding agent cannot be applied to the processing, the ceramic bonding agent can realize continuous processing performance, but the conditions of cutting edge breakage, curling and the like exist in the processing process, and the ceramic bonding agent cannot be used basically. The invention develops a novel grinding wheel for processing the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter, which not only can ensure sharpness and self-sharpening to continuously process, but also can not cause the cutting edge of the processed cutter to have the conditions of breakage, curling and the like, has the advantages of the breakage, the curling and the like, and has ultrahigh grinding efficiency and processing quality in the processing process.
The preparation method of the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of:
(1) Mixing ceramic powder and CBN abrasive, then pressing and forming, and then sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace to obtain a ceramic blank;
(2) The ceramic blank is crushed and then put into a planetary ball mill for ball milling, so as to obtain a ceramic abrasive composite;
(3) Mixing resin powder with a ceramic abrasive composite to obtain a grinding wheel grinding layer mixture;
(4) Adding the grinding layer mixture into a mould with a matrix, and hot-pressing on a flat vulcanizing machine to obtain a grinding wheel molding;
(5) And (3) machining the grinding wheel forming body to obtain the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter.
Preferably, the preparation method of the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter comprises the following steps of:
(1) Mixing ceramic bond and CBN abrasive, sieving, cold-pressing to form, and sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace to obtain ceramic blank;
(2) The ceramic blank is crushed and then put into a planetary ball mill for ball milling, and then is sieved to obtain a ceramic abrasive composite;
(3) Mixing resin powder with a ceramic abrasive composite, and sieving to obtain a grinding wheel grinding layer mixture;
(4) Adding the grinding layer mixture into a mould with a matrix (conventional technology), and hot-pressing on a flat vulcanizing machine to obtain a grinding wheel molding;
(5) The resin ceramic composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter is obtained by conventional machining of the grinding wheel forming body.
In the technical scheme, in the step (1), the mesh number of the screen is 300-350 meshes; the pressure of cold pressing is 80-120 MPa; the sintering temperature curve is that the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ by 0.5-1 h, the heat is preserved for 1-2 h, then the temperature is raised to 700-800 ℃ by 1-2 h, the heat is preserved for 4-6 h, and then the furnace is cooled; the mesh number of the screen in the step (2) is 60 and 80, and 80 mesh oversize materials are taken; the rotating speed of the planetary ball mill is 200-500 rpm, and the ball milling time is 2-3 h; the mesh number of the screen mesh in the step (3) is 50-70 mesh; the hot-pressing process curve in the step (4) is the pressure of 50 MPa; heating from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 10 minutes, heating to 260-300 ℃ for 5 minutes after heat preservation, heat preservation for 30-60 minutes, and cooling. In step (5), the machining includes lathe machining and grinding machine machining.
In the technical scheme, the ceramic body consists of 50-70% of ceramic powder and 30-50% of CBN abrasive according to the volume percentage; in the grinding layer mixture, the volume percentages of the resin powder and the ceramic abrasive composites are respectively 60-70% and 30-40%; the ceramic powder is prepared by smelting 18-22% of boron oxide, 8-12% of aluminum oxide, 3-6% of titanium dioxide and the balance of silicon dioxide; the resin powder is modified polyimide, and the curing temperature is 300-350 ℃.
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The raw materials of the grinding wheel are all commercial products, and the related characteristics meet the application requirements of the grinding wheel; for example, CBN is non-plating micropowder, the granularity is 30-40 mu m, the CBN is commercially available, and the quality meets the national standard; the modified polyimide resin powder is sold in the market under the brand name PI-KF-1. The ceramic powder is prepared by smelting 65% of silicon dioxide, 20% of boron oxide, 10% of aluminum oxide and 5% of titanium dioxide (according to mass percentage) at 1400 ℃, and has the particle size of 10-20 mu m, the vitrification temperature of 780 ℃ and the flexural strength of 80 Mpa. The specific preparation operation and testing method are conventional techniques, and the grinding wheel specifications are conventional, see fig. 1.
And (3) processing and testing, namely processing the powder metallurgy HSS drill by using a five-axis linkage CNC grinding machine, and carrying out a slotting test. And judging whether the cutting depth and the feeding speed of the grinding wheel are proper or not by observing the load and the power of the equipment, so as to judge the sharpness of the grinding wheel. The retention of the grinding wheel is determined by the number of processes in one dressing cycle, and the life of the grinding wheel is determined by the number of final processes. And finally judging the comprehensive processing efficiency of the grinding wheel through the efficiency, finishing and on-off time of the grinding wheel.
Example 1
The preparation method of the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a ceramic blank:
(1) The volume is as follows: mixing 70% of ceramic powder and 30% of CBN micro powder, and sieving with a 320-target standard sieve to obtain ceramic green body powder;
(2) Putting the ceramic body powder into a conventional mold, cold-pressing at 100 MPa on a cold press, and molding at 2×10 -2 Sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace of Pa; the sintering temperature curve is 1h, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ from room temperature, the heat is preserved for 1h, then the temperature is raised to 800 ℃ for 1h, the heat is preserved for 6 h, and then the ceramic blank is obtained after cooling along with the furnace.
2. Preparing a grinding layer mixture:
(1) The ceramic blank is crushed and then put into a planetary ball mill, ball-milling is carried out for 2h at the rotating speed of 300 rpm, then a 60-80 mesh combined screen is adopted, and 80-mesh oversize materials are selected to obtain a ceramic abrasive composite;
(2) Mixing the modified polyimide resin powder with the ceramic abrasive composite in a three-dimensional mixer at a volume percentage of 60% and 40%, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture of grinding layers.
3. Preparing a composite CBN grinding wheel:
(1) Adding the grinding layer mixture into a mould with a matrix, carrying out hot pressing on a vulcanizing press at 50 MPa, heating the hot pressing curve from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 10 minutes, heating to 280 ℃ for 5 minutes after heat preservation for 10 minutes, carrying out heat preservation for 45 minutes, naturally cooling, and taking out the mould to obtain a grinding wheel forming body;
(2) And processing the qualified grinding wheel forming body on a lathe and a grinding machine to the shape and the size required by the drawing, packaging and warehousing after the qualified grinding wheel forming body is inspected according to the national standard JB/T7425-94 of the CBN grinding wheel, so as to obtain the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter, wherein the physical diagram is shown in figure 2, and the microstructure picture is shown in figure 3.
The feeding amount of the grinding wheel in actual application reaches 1.5 and mm, which is improved by 50% compared with the existing resin grinding wheel; the feeding speed is 120 mm/min, which is 100% higher than that of the existing resin grinding wheel; the trimming gap is 1200 counts of trimming, the service life of the trimming gap is improved by 140% compared with that of the existing resin grinding wheel, and the service life of the trimming gap is prolonged by 200% compared with that of the existing resin grinding wheel; the comprehensive processing efficiency is improved by 300 percent.
Referring to fig. 4, the grinding wheel disclosed by the invention has the advantages of excellent surface roughness, brightness and lines of a workpiece to be processed, no chipping and no curling of a cutting edge of a cutter, and greatly improves the processing efficiency of a product.
Example two
The preparation method of the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a ceramic blank:
(1) The volume is as follows: mixing 50% of ceramic powder and 50% of CBN micro powder, and sieving with a 320-target standard sieve to obtain ceramic green body powder;
(2) Filling ceramic green body powder into a mould, and placing the ceramic green body powder into a cold press at a ratio of 10Cold pressing under 0MPa, and cooling at 2×10 -2 Sintering in a Pa vacuum sintering furnace; the sintering temperature curve is that 1h is heated to 500 ℃, heat is preserved for 1h, then 1h is heated to 800 ℃, heat is preserved for 6 h, and then the ceramic blank is obtained after cooling along with the furnace.
2. Preparing a grinding layer mixture:
(1) The ceramic blank is crushed and then put into a planetary ball mill, ball-milling is carried out for 2h at the rotating speed of 300 rpm, then a 60-80 mesh combined screen is adopted, and 80-mesh oversize materials are selected to obtain a ceramic abrasive composite;
(2) The modified polyimide resin powder and the ceramic abrasive composite are fully mixed in a three-dimensional mixer according to the volume percentage of 70 percent and 30 percent for 1h, and the mixture is screened by a 60-mesh screen, and the screened product is the grinding layer mixture.
3. Preparing a composite CBN grinding wheel:
(1) Adding the grinding layer mixture into a mould with a matrix, carrying out hot pressing on a vulcanizing press at 50 MPa, heating the hot pressing curve from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 10 minutes, heating to 300 ℃ for 5 minutes after heat preservation for 10 minutes, carrying out heat preservation for 30 minutes, and naturally cooling and demolding to obtain a grinding wheel forming body;
(2) And processing the qualified grinding wheel forming body on a lathe and a grinding machine to the shape and the size required by the drawing, packaging and warehousing after the qualified grinding wheel forming body is inspected according to the national standard JB/T7425-94 of the CBN grinding wheel, and obtaining the composite bonding agent CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy HSS cutter.
The feeding amount of the grinding wheel in actual application reaches 2.0 and mm, which is 100 percent higher than that of the existing resin grinding wheel; the feeding speed is 150 mm/min, which is 150% higher than that of the existing resin grinding wheel; the trimming gap is 1000 counts for trimming, 100% longer than the existing resin grinding wheel, and 100% longer than the existing resin grinding wheel; the comprehensive processing efficiency is improved by 200 percent.
Example III
The composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a ceramic blank:
(1) The volume is as follows: 60% of ceramic powder and 40% of CBN micro powder are mixed, and the mixture is screened by a 320-target standard sieve to prepare ceramic green body powder;
(2) Filling ceramic green body powder into a mouldIn which the cold pressing is carried out at a pressure of 100 MPa on a cold press and then 2X 10 -2 Sintering in a Pa vacuum sintering furnace, wherein the sintering temperature curve is that 1h is heated to 500 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 1h, then 1h is heated to 800 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 6 h, and then the ceramic blank is obtained after furnace cooling.
2. Preparing a mixture:
(1) The ceramic blank is crushed and then put into a planetary ball mill, ball-milling is carried out for 2h at the rotating speed of 300 rpm, then a 60-80 mesh combined screen is adopted, and 80-mesh oversize materials are selected to obtain a ceramic abrasive composite;
(2) The modified polyimide resin powder and the ceramic abrasive composite are mixed in a three-dimensional mixer according to the volume ratio of 65 percent and 35 percent, 1h percent is fully mixed, a 60-mesh screen is adopted, and the screen lower is the grinding layer mixture.
3. Preparing a composite CBN grinding wheel:
(1) Adding the grinding layer mixture into a mould with a matrix, hot-pressing the mixture on a vulcanizing press at 50 MPa, heating the mixture from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 10 minutes on a hot-pressing curve, heating the mixture to 260 ℃ for 5 minutes after heat preservation for 10 minutes, heat preservation for 45 minutes, and cooling the mixture and demolding to obtain a grinding wheel forming body;
(2) And processing the qualified grinding wheel forming body on a lathe and a grinding machine to the shape and the size required by the drawing, packaging and warehousing after the qualified grinding wheel forming body is inspected according to the national standard JB/T7425-94 of the CBN grinding wheel, and obtaining the composite bonding agent CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy HSS cutter.
The feeding amount of the grinding wheel in actual application reaches 1.75 mm, which is 75 percent higher than that of the existing resin grinding wheel; the feeding speed is 130 mm/min, and is improved by 117% compared with the existing resin grinding wheel; the trimming gap is 1000 counts for trimming, 100% longer than the existing resin grinding wheel, and 100% longer than the existing resin grinding wheel; the comprehensive processing efficiency is improved by 250 percent.
Comparative example
The commercial powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter is a resin grinding wheel, the application effect is best in the current production, the actual application feeding amount is 1.0 mm, the feeding speed is 60 mm/min, and the trimming interval is 500 counts.
Comparative example one
Preparing a ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The volume is as follows: mixing 60% of ceramic powder and 40% of CBN micro powder, ball milling, and sieving with a 320-target standard sieve to obtain ceramic green body powder;
(2) Filling the ceramic body powder into a mold, cold pressing at 100 MPa on a cold press, and then cooling at 2×10 -2 Sintering in a Pa vacuum sintering furnace, wherein the sintering temperature curve is that 1h is heated to 500 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 1h, then 1h is heated to 800 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 6 h, and then the ceramic blank is obtained after furnace cooling;
(3) Conventionally gluing the ceramic blank and a processed matrix with a good size, and airing to obtain a grinding wheel forming body, wherein the conventional technology is adopted;
(4) And processing the qualified grinding wheel forming body on a lathe and a grinding machine to the shape and the size required by the drawing, packaging and warehousing after the qualified grinding wheel forming body is inspected according to the national standard JB/T7425-94 of the CBN grinding wheel, and obtaining the ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy HSS cutter.
The actual feeding amount of the grinding wheel is 1.5 mm; the feeding speed is 100 mm/min, referring to fig. 5, the cutting edge of the grinding wheel processing cutter has the defects of curling, chipping and the like, and the grinding wheel processing cutter has serious damage to a workpiece and cannot be used for processing a product powder metallurgy HSS cutter.
Comparative example two
Preparing a resin bond CBN grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the modified polyimide resin powder and the CBN abrasive material according to the volume ratio of 70% and 30%, fully and uniformly mixing, and sieving with a 320-mesh sieve to obtain a grinding layer mixture;
(2) Uniformly putting the grinding layer mixture into an assembled mold, and cold-pressing and molding at 100 MPa;
(3) Putting a die provided with a grinding wheel blank body into a flat vulcanizing machine, carrying out hot pressing at 50 MPa, heating the hot pressing curve from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 10 minutes, heating to 280 ℃ for 5 minutes after heat preservation for 10 minutes, carrying out heat preservation for 45 minutes, and then cooling and demolding to obtain a grinding wheel forming body;
(4) And processing the qualified grinding wheel forming body on a lathe and a grinder to the shape and the size required by the drawing, packaging and warehousing after the qualified grinding wheel forming body is inspected according to the national standard JB/T7425-94 of the CBN grinding wheel, and obtaining the resin bond CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy HSS cutter.
The feeding amount of the grinding wheel in practical application is 1.0 mm, the feeding speed is 60 mm/min, and the feeding speed is similar to that of a grinding wheel which is commercially available for processing powder metallurgy HSS; the feeding amount is increased, the feeding speed is increased, the burning is easy to generate, the cutter body is blackened, the cutting edge is broken, the cutting edge is curled, and the like. The trimming gap and the service life are slightly longer than those of the grinding wheel for processing the drill bit, and the comprehensive processing efficiency is slightly higher than those of the grinding wheel for processing the drill bit.
Comparative example three
The preparation method of the composite bond CBN grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a ceramic bonding agent:
putting ceramic powder into conventional mold, cold-pressing at 100 MPa on cold press, and molding at 2×10 -2 Sintering in a Pa vacuum sintering furnace, wherein the sintering temperature curve is that 1h is heated to 500 ℃ from room temperature, heat preservation is carried out for 1h, then 1h is heated to 800 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 6 h, and then the ceramic blank is obtained after furnace cooling.
2. Preparing a grinding layer mixture:
(1) The ceramic green body is crushed and then put into a planetary ball mill, ball milling is carried out for 2h at the rotating speed of 300 rpm, then a 60-80 mesh combined screen is adopted, and 80-mesh oversize materials are selected to obtain ceramic bonding agents;
(2) Mixing the modified polyimide resin powder, the ceramic bond and the CBN micro powder in a three-dimensional mixer in a volume percentage of 60%, 28% and 12%, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture of grinding layers.
3. Preparing a composite CBN grinding wheel:
(1) Adding the grinding layer mixture into a mould with a matrix, carrying out hot pressing on a vulcanizing press at 50 MPa, heating the hot pressing curve from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 10 minutes, heating to 280 ℃ for 5 minutes after heat preservation for 10 minutes, carrying out heat preservation for 45 minutes, naturally cooling, and taking out the mould to obtain a grinding wheel forming body;
(2) And processing the qualified grinding wheel forming body on a lathe and a grinding machine to the shape and the size required by the drawing, packaging and warehousing after the qualified grinding wheel forming body is inspected according to the national standard JB/T7425-94 of the CBN grinding wheel, and obtaining the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter.
The feeding amount of the grinding wheel in actual application is 1.0 mm, the feeding speed is 80 mm/min, and the efficiency is slightly higher than that of a grinding wheel for processing powder metallurgy HSS in the market; however, the grinding wheel is easily blocked and blackened along with the processing, so that the processed cutter is burnt, continuous processing cannot be performed, and the grinding wheel cannot be applied.
The invention belongs to the field of CBN grinding wheels, and particularly relates to a resin ceramic composite CBN grinding wheel for a powder metallurgy HSS (home subscriber server) cutter and application thereof, wherein the volumes of a ceramic bond and a CBN grinding material are respectively 50-70% and 30-50%; the volume percentage of the resin powder and the ceramic abrasive composite is 60-70 percent and 30-40 percent respectively; the resin powder is modified polyimide resin, and the curing temperature is 300-350 ℃; the vitrification temperature of the ceramic powder is 780 ℃. The CBN grinding wheel prepared by the method has the advantages of processing quality, processing efficiency and processing service life when the powder metallurgy HSS cutter is processed on a five-axis numerical control machine tool, and has ultrahigh grinding efficiency in the processing process, and the comprehensive processing efficiency is improved by 200-300% when the powder metallurgy HSS drill is processed by taking as an example.
Claims (10)
1. The composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter is characterized in that a grinding layer of the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter comprises resin and ceramic abrasive composites; the ceramic abrasive composite is obtained by sintering ceramic powder and abrasive.
2. The composite CBN grinding wheel for powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutters according to claim 1, wherein the grinding layer is prepared by hot pressing a resin powder, a ceramic abrasive composite.
3. The method for preparing the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing ceramic powder and abrasive materials, sintering, and crushing the obtained sintered blank to obtain a ceramic abrasive composite;
(2) And mixing the resin powder with the ceramic abrasive composite, and performing hot press molding to obtain the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter.
4. The method for preparing a composite CBN grinding wheel for a powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter according to claim 3, wherein the sintering temperature curve is 0.5-1 h, the temperature is raised to 450-550 ℃ from room temperature, the heat is preserved for 1-2 h, then the temperature is raised to 700-800 ℃ for 1-2 h, the heat is preserved for 4-6 h, and the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter is cooled along with a furnace.
5. The method for manufacturing a composite CBN grinding wheel for powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutters according to claim 3, wherein the pressure of hot pressing is 40 to 60MPa; the hot pressing temperature curve is that the temperature is raised from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 8-15 minutes, the temperature is raised to 260-300 ℃ for 3-7 minutes after the heat preservation is carried out for 8-12 minutes, the heat preservation is carried out for 30-60 minutes, and then the natural cooling is carried out.
6. The method for preparing the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter according to claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of the ceramic powder to the abrasive is (5-7) to (3-5); the volume ratio of the resin powder to the ceramic abrasive composite is (6-7) to (3-4).
7. The method for preparing the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter according to claim 3, wherein the ceramic powder comprises silicon dioxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide.
8. The use of the composite CBN grinding wheel for powder metallurgy high speed steel cutters as claimed in claim 1 for processing high speed steel.
9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that the high-speed steel is a powder metallurgical high-speed steel; the processing is sharpening.
10. A method for processing a powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter, which is characterized in that the composite CBN grinding wheel for the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter is used for sharpening to realize the processing of the powder metallurgy high-speed steel cutter.
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