CN117136797A - Method for raising asparagus bare root seedlings for preventing and treating root rot - Google Patents
Method for raising asparagus bare root seedlings for preventing and treating root rot Download PDFInfo
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- CN117136797A CN117136797A CN202311316067.1A CN202311316067A CN117136797A CN 117136797 A CN117136797 A CN 117136797A CN 202311316067 A CN202311316067 A CN 202311316067A CN 117136797 A CN117136797 A CN 117136797A
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- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 241000234427 Asparagus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229960002523 mercuric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 6
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- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 3
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029164 Nephrotic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000984986 Philippia Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/10—Asparagus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/002—Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of asparagus planting, and discloses an asparagus bare root seedling raising method for preventing and treating root rot, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting healthy asparagus seedlings, wherein the seedlings comprise 1-2 years old asparagus; step two, selecting fertile and loose soil as seedling raising soil, and adding a bactericide into the soil to prepare sterile soil; step three, taking out asparagus seedlings in spring or autumn, cleaning soil at roots, and removing attached impurities; soaking the cleaned root of the asparagus seedling in water containing bactericides such as hydrogen peroxide, bleaching powder and the like, taking out after a certain time, and airing; step five, selecting a proper seedling raising bed; step six, preparing a planting land: selecting non-moist land, spraying bactericide in the space between the land and the channels to kill root rot fungi in advance, and transplanting the asparagus seedlings into the planting land when the asparagus seedlings grow to a size suitable for transplanting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of asparagus planting, in particular to an asparagus bare root seedling raising method for preventing and treating root rot.
Background
The asparagus is a food which is extremely good for human health, has light taste, various methods and rich nutrition, is called as asparagus, has the planting time of more than two thousand years in China, has very low heat and very low sodium content, and is particularly suitable for being used as food for diabetics and nephrosis patients; therefore, the planting amount component of asparagus in recent years is increased, the planting area of asparagus in China is 150.1 ten thousand hectares by 2020, the same ratio is increased by 2.04%, and the ratio of the planting area of asparagus in the whole world is up to 90.64%.
The large planting scale of the asparagus is not separated from industrialized auxiliary planting, particularly in the aspect of asparagus planting, the traditional asparagus planting is generally seeding and seedling raising, but the asparagus is a plant harvested for many years in one-time planting, the seed seeding development time is long, and the survival rate is low, so that the large-scale asparagus planting adopts bare root seedling raising, the bare root is a common method for planting the asparagus, the stem, the root and a part of the leaf are cut from a plant parent, and the bare root becomes the seedling raising of an independent new plant under a proper environment.
Although the bare root seedling of asparagus is faster and high-yield, the root incision is exposed in soil at the initial stage of seedling, viruses are easy to be induced, and the most fierce is asparagus root rot, which is a fungal disease caused by Philippia rhodochrous or Fusarium, and mainly damages the stem base or the root, causes rot and death of root systems and underground stems, and directly leads to seedling failure.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a bare-root asparagus seedling raising method for preventing and treating root rot, which has the advantages of effectively preventing and treating the root rot occurring during the bare-root asparagus seedling raising, accelerating the growth speed of the bare-root asparagus seedlings and the like, and solves the problems of the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a bare root seedling raising method for asparagus for preventing and treating root rot comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting healthy asparagus seedlings, wherein the seedlings comprise 1-2 years old asparagus;
step two, selecting fertile and loose soil as seedling raising soil, and adding a bactericide into the soil to prepare sterile soil;
step three, taking out asparagus seedlings in spring or autumn, cleaning soil at roots, and removing attached impurities;
soaking the cleaned root of the asparagus seedling in water containing bactericides such as hydrogen peroxide, bleaching powder and the like, taking out after a certain time, and airing;
selecting a proper seedling raising bed, spreading the roots of the treated asparagus seedlings on the seedling raising bed by using a seedling raising tray, a seedling raising box or a seedling raising bag, uniformly distributing the roots, spreading soil at last, and keeping the humidity and ventilation of the seedling raising bed to avoid over-humidity and accumulated water;
step six, preparing a planting land: selecting non-moist land, spraying bactericide in the space between the land and the channels to kill root rot fungi in advance, and transplanting the asparagus seedlings into the planting land when the asparagus seedlings grow to a size suitable for transplanting.
Preferably, the length of the asparagus seedling in the first step is 15-20 cm, the diameter of the asparagus seedling is 0.5-1.5 cm, the asparagus seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are fresh green, no obvious disease spots and insect pest marks exist, the root system of the asparagus seedling is developed, and the root system has no rot or disease spots.
By the technical scheme, the growth vigor and the activity of the seedling are guaranteed by ensuring that the length of the seedling is between 15 and 20 cm and the diameter is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm, the root system is prevented from rotting or disease spots, the plant is prevented from being infected or the nutrition absorption is prevented in the transplanting process, and the selection of healthy asparagus seedlings is an important precondition for successful planting and high yield.
Preferably, the content of organic matters in the seedling raising soil is 2-4%, the carbon content of the seedling raising soil is 1-3%, the pH value of the seedling raising soil is required to be 6.0-7.0, the water content of the seedling raising soil is 60-70% of the field water holding capacity, and the organic matters comprise one or more of plant residues, humus, decomposed bean cakes or bean dregs and algae.
According to the technical scheme, the organic matter content of the seedling raising soil is between 2 and 4 percent, the organic carbon content is between 1 and 3 percent, rich nutrients and a good soil structure are provided, the pH value of the seedling raising soil is between 6.0 and 7.0, the proper range required by growth of asparagus is provided, the water content of the seedling raising soil is kept between 60 and 70 percent of the field water holding capacity, a proper moisture environment is provided for promoting seed germination and seedling growth, wherein the organic matter is from plant residues, humus, decomposed bean cakes or bean residues, algae and the like, and the mixture of the organic matter sources provides rich nutrition and beneficial microbial community, so that the health and fertility of the seedling raising soil are promoted.
Preferably, the method for preparing the seedling raising soil in the second step comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a matrix: mixing the rotten leaf soil, the rotten organic fertilizer and river sand to prepare a matrix;
s2, mixing ratio: mixing leaf-rotting soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:1, and then adding equal-ratio river sand to improve the air permeability of the soil;
s3, disinfection treatment: sterilizing the substrate with a chemical sterilizing agent;
s4, adjusting the pH value: regulating the soil to a neutral to slightly alkaline soil environment, wherein the pH value standard is 7.0-8.0;
s5, fully stirring and mixing the mixed matrix to uniformly distribute various raw materials and ensure uniform texture and fertility of the matrix;
s6, detecting the water content of the soil: and if the water content is lower than the standard, spraying the water, and if the water content is higher than the standard, turning soil and ventilating to reduce the water content.
Through the technical scheme, the quality of the substrate and the proper environmental conditions are ensured through the steps to enable asparagus seedlings to grow, different organic matters and sand are mixed to provide proper soil structure and nutrition, meanwhile, the air permeability and the drainage property of soil are improved, germs and ova in the soil can be effectively killed through disinfection treatment, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is reduced, proper acid-base environment can be provided by adjusting the pH value of the soil, nutrient absorption and growth of plants are promoted, uniform distribution of various raw materials can be ensured by stirring and mixing the substrate, balanced nutrition and moisture distribution are provided, proper moisture environment can be provided by detecting the moisture content of the soil and properly adjusting the moisture content, the adverse influence of excessive humidity or excessive dryness on the growth of the seedlings is avoided, and therefore the growth speed of the bare-root asparagus in the seedling raising period is greatly accelerated.
Preferably, the step of sterilizing the substrate with the chemical disinfectant in step S3 includes the steps of:
s1.1, selecting and mixing thiophanate methyl, pyridamycin, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide according to a proportion;
s1.2, dissolving the disinfectant in a proper amount of water to prepare a disinfectant, wherein the dissolution ratio is 1:150;
s1.3, stirring and mixing the disinfection solution by using stirring equipment, wherein the stirring speed is 200/rpm, and the duration time is 5-8min;
s1.4, uniformly spraying or irrigating the prepared disinfectant on the surface of the soil to be disinfected, so as to ensure that the disinfectant can fully cover all parts of the soil;
s1.5, standing the disinfectant in soil for 5 days to 2 weeks to ensure that the disinfectant can fully play a role in sterilization and disinsection;
s1.6, after the treatment time is over, a large amount of clean water is used for washing the soil so as to remove residual chemical disinfectant, and the soil is dried, so that the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -70%.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the ratio of the hydrogen oxide to the bleaching powder is 4:6, the ratio of the hydrogen oxide to the bleaching powder to the water is 1:100, the soaking time of the asparagus seedlings is 1-2h, and the soaking temperature of the asparagus seedlings is 20-30 ℃.
Preferably, the arrangement space of the asparagus seedlings in the fifth step is 3-6cm in a seedling raising bed, and the laying thickness of the root soil of the asparagus seedlings is 1-2cm.
Preferably, the mixing proportion of the thiophanate methyl, the pyridazine, the mercuric chloride, the lime chloride and the methyl bromide in the S1.1 is 10% -15% of thiophanate methyl, 15% -28% of pyridazine, 5% -10% of mercuric chloride, 30% -45% of lime chloride and 5% -10% of methyl bromide.
Preferably, the specific proportions of thiophanate methyl, pyridazine, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide in the S1.1 are 15% of thiophanate methyl, 28% of pyridazine, 8% of mercuric chloride, 39% of lime chloride and 10% of methyl bromide.
Preferably, the specific proportions of thiophanate methyl, pyridazine, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide in the S1.1 are 10% of thiophanate methyl, 25% of pyridazine, 10% of mercuric chloride, 45% of lime chloride and 10% of methyl bromide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a bare root seedling raising method for asparagus for preventing and treating root rot, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for raising the bare asparagus roots for preventing and treating the root rot, the thiophanate methyl, the pyridamycin, the mercuric chloride, the lime chloride and the methyl bromide are mixed to disinfect soil, so that not only can the hairline bacteria or the Fusarium which are harmful to the roots of the asparagus in the soil be killed, but also other ova can be killed, and the soil can be thoroughly purified, wherein the thiophanate methyl is used for preventing and treating the black spot, powdery mildew and rust, the pyridamycin is mainly used for disinfecting the soil and preventing and treating the root rot and nematodes, the mercuric chloride is used for killing germs, ova and pests in the soil, the lime chloride is mainly used for disinfecting the soil, and meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is regulated, so that a proper growing environment is provided, and the beneficial effect of effectively preventing and treating the root rot of the asparagus when raising the bare asparagus roots is achieved.
2. According to the asparagus bare-root seedling raising method for preventing and treating root rot, proper soil structure and nutrition can be provided by mixing different organic matters and sand, meanwhile, the air permeability and drainage property of soil are improved, germs and ova in the soil can be effectively killed by disinfection treatment, occurrence of diseases and insect pests is reduced, a proper acid-base environment can be provided by adjusting the pH value of the soil, nutrient absorption and growth of plants are promoted, uniform distribution of various raw materials can be ensured by stirring and mixing a matrix, balanced nutrition and moisture distribution are provided, the moisture content of the soil is detected, proper moisture environment can be provided by proper adjustment, adverse influence of excessive humidity or excessive dryness on seedling growth is avoided, and therefore the growth speed of the asparagus bare-root in a seedling raising period is greatly accelerated, and the beneficial effect of accelerating the growth speed of the asparagus seedling of the bare-root seedling is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a bare root seedling raising method for asparagus for preventing and treating root rot comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting healthy asparagus seedlings, wherein the seedlings comprise 1-2 years old asparagus;
step two, selecting fertile and loose soil as seedling raising soil, and adding a bactericide into the soil to prepare sterile soil;
step three, taking out asparagus seedlings in spring or autumn, cleaning soil at roots, and removing attached impurities;
soaking the cleaned root of the asparagus seedling in water containing bactericides such as hydrogen peroxide, bleaching powder and the like, taking out after a certain time, and airing;
selecting a proper seedling raising bed, spreading the roots of the treated asparagus seedlings on the seedling raising bed by using a seedling raising tray, a seedling raising box or a seedling raising bag, uniformly distributing the roots, spreading soil at last, and keeping the humidity and ventilation of the seedling raising bed to avoid over-humidity and accumulated water;
step six, preparing a planting land: selecting non-moist land, spraying bactericide in the space between the land and the channels to kill root rot fungi in advance, and transplanting the asparagus seedlings into the planting land when the asparagus seedlings grow to a size suitable for transplanting.
Specifically, the length of the asparagus seedling in the first step is 15-20 cm, the diameter of the asparagus seedling is 0.5-1.5 cm, the asparagus seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are fresh green, no obvious disease spots and insect pest marks exist, the root system of the asparagus seedling is developed, the root system has no rot or disease spots, and the method has the advantages that the growth vigor and the activity of the seedling are ensured by ensuring that the length of the seedling is 15-20 cm and the diameter is 0.5-1.5 cm, the root system has no rot or disease spots, the plant is prevented from being infected or being blocked by nutrient absorption in the transplanting process, and the healthy asparagus seedling is an important precondition for successful planting and high yield.
Specifically, the organic matter content of the seedling raising soil is 2-4%, the carbon content of the seedling raising soil is 1-3%, the pH value of the seedling raising soil is required to be 6.0-7.0, the water content of the seedling raising soil is 60-70% of the field water holding capacity, and the organic matter comprises one or more of plant residues, humus, decomposed bean cakes or bean dregs and algae, and the seedling raising soil has the advantages that the organic matter content of the seedling raising soil is 2-4%, the organic carbon content of the seedling raising soil is 1-3%, so that abundant nutrients and good soil structures are provided, the pH value of the seedling raising soil is 6.0-7.0, the water content of the seedling raising soil is required to be kept in a proper range for growth of asparagus, the proper water content is provided for promoting seed germination and seedling growth, and the organic matter is derived from plant residues, humus, decomposed bean cakes or bean dregs, algae and the like, and the rich nutrients and beneficial microorganisms provided by the mixing of the organic matter sources are promoted, and the health and fertility of the seedling raising soil is promoted.
Specifically, the seedling soil preparation method in the second step comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a matrix: mixing the rotten leaf soil, the rotten organic fertilizer and river sand to prepare a matrix;
s2, mixing ratio: mixing leaf-rotting soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:1, and then adding equal-ratio river sand to improve the air permeability of the soil;
s3, disinfection treatment: sterilizing the substrate with a chemical sterilizing agent;
s4, adjusting the pH value: regulating the soil to a neutral to slightly alkaline soil environment, wherein the pH value standard is 7.0-8.0;
s5, fully stirring and mixing the mixed matrix to uniformly distribute various raw materials and ensure uniform texture and fertility of the matrix;
s6, detecting the water content of the soil: and if the water content is lower than the standard, spraying the water, and if the water content is higher than the standard, turning soil and ventilating to reduce the water content.
The method has the advantages that the quality of the substrate and proper environmental conditions are ensured to enable asparagus seedlings to grow through the steps, proper soil structure and nutrition can be provided by mixing different organic matters and sand, meanwhile, the air permeability and the drainage property of the soil are improved, germs and ova in the soil can be effectively killed through disinfection treatment, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is reduced, proper acid-base environment can be provided by adjusting the pH value of the soil, nutrient absorption and growth of plants are promoted, uniform distribution of various raw materials can be ensured by stirring and mixing the substrate, balanced nutrition and moisture distribution are provided, proper moisture environment can be provided by detecting the moisture content of the soil and properly adjusting the moisture content, and adverse influence of excessive humidity or excessive dryness on seedling growth is avoided, so that the growth speed of bare-root asparagus in a seedling raising period is greatly accelerated.
Specifically, the chemical disinfectant in the step S3 disinfects the substrate, which comprises the following steps:
s1.1, selecting and mixing thiophanate methyl, pyridamycin, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide according to a proportion;
s1.2, dissolving the disinfectant in a proper amount of water to prepare a disinfectant, wherein the dissolution ratio is 1:150;
s1.3, stirring and mixing the disinfection solution by using stirring equipment, wherein the stirring speed is 200/rpm, and the duration time is 5-8min;
s1.4, uniformly spraying or irrigating the prepared disinfectant on the surface of the soil to be disinfected, so as to ensure that the disinfectant can fully cover all parts of the soil;
s1.5, standing the disinfectant in soil for 5 days to 2 weeks to ensure that the disinfectant can fully play a role in sterilization and disinsection;
s1.6, after the treatment time is over, a large amount of clean water is used for washing the soil so as to remove residual chemical disinfectant, and the soil is dried, so that the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -70%.
The method has the advantages that the method can disinfect soil after mixing thiophanate methyl, pyridamycin, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide, not only can kill the hairline bacteria or Fusarium which are harmful to the root of asparagus in the soil, but also can kill other ova, and thoroughly purify the soil, wherein thiophanate methyl is used for preventing and treating black spot, powdery mildew and rust, the pyridamycin is mainly used for disinfecting the soil and preventing and treating root rot and nematode, the mercuric chloride is used for killing germs, ova and pests in the soil, the lime chloride is mainly used for disinfecting the soil, and simultaneously, the pH value of the soil is regulated, so that a proper growth environment of the asparagus is provided.
Specifically, in the fourth step, the ratio of the hydrogen oxide to the bleaching powder is 4:6, the ratio of the hydrogen oxide to the bleaching powder to the water is 1:100, the soaking time of the asparagus seedlings is 1-2h, and the soaking temperature of the asparagus seedlings is 20-30 ℃.
Specifically, in the fifth step, the arrangement space of the asparagus seedlings in the seedling bed is 3-6cm, and the laying thickness of the root soil of the asparagus seedlings is 1-2cm.
Specifically, the mixing ratio of thiophanate methyl, pyridazine, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide in S1.1 is 10% -15% of thiophanate methyl, 15% -28% of pyridazine, 5% -10% of mercuric chloride, 30% -45% of lime chloride and 5% -10% of methyl bromide.
Specifically, the specific proportions of thiophanate methyl, pyridazine, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide in S1.1 are 15% of thiophanate methyl, 28% of pyridazine, 8% of mercuric chloride, 39% of lime chloride and 10% of methyl bromide.
Specifically, the specific proportion of thiophanate methyl, pyridazine, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide in S1.1 is 10% of thiophanate methyl, 25% of pyridazine, 10% of mercuric chloride, 45% of lime chloride and 10% of methyl bromide.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The asparagus bare root seedling raising method for preventing and treating root rot is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, selecting healthy asparagus seedlings, wherein the seedlings comprise 1-2 years old asparagus;
step two, selecting fertile and loose soil as seedling raising soil, and adding a bactericide into the soil to prepare sterile soil;
step three, taking out asparagus seedlings in spring or autumn, cleaning soil at roots, and removing attached impurities;
soaking the cleaned root of the asparagus seedling in water containing bactericides such as hydrogen peroxide, bleaching powder and the like, taking out after a certain time, and airing;
selecting a proper seedling raising bed, spreading the roots of the treated asparagus seedlings on the seedling raising bed by using a seedling raising tray, a seedling raising box or a seedling raising bag, uniformly distributing the roots, spreading soil at last, and keeping the humidity and ventilation of the seedling raising bed to avoid over-humidity and accumulated water;
step six, preparing a planting land: selecting non-moist land, spraying bactericide in the space between the land and the channels to kill root rot fungi in advance, and transplanting the asparagus seedlings into the planting land when the asparagus seedlings grow to a size suitable for transplanting.
2. The method for raising bare-root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the length of the asparagus seedling in the first step is 15-20 cm, the diameter of the asparagus seedling is 0.5-1.5 cm, the asparagus seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are fresh green, no obvious disease spots and insect pest marks exist, the root system of the asparagus seedling is developed, and the root system has no rot or disease spots.
3. The method for raising bare-root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic matter content of the seedling raising soil is 2-4%, the carbon content of the seedling raising soil is 1-3%, the pH value of the seedling raising soil is required to be 6.0-7.0, the water content of the seedling raising soil is 60-70% of the field water holding capacity, and the organic matter comprises one or more of plant residues, humus, decomposed bean cakes or bean dregs and algae.
4. A method for raising bare root seedlings of asparagus for controlling root rot according to claim 3, wherein: the seedling raising soil preparation method in the second step comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a matrix: mixing the rotten leaf soil, the rotten organic fertilizer and river sand to prepare a matrix;
s2, mixing ratio: mixing leaf-rotting soil and decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:1, and then adding equal-ratio river sand to improve the air permeability of the soil;
s3, disinfection treatment: sterilizing the substrate with a chemical sterilizing agent;
s4, adjusting the pH value: regulating the soil to a neutral to slightly alkaline soil environment, wherein the pH value standard is 7.0-8.0;
s5, fully stirring and mixing the mixed matrix to uniformly distribute various raw materials and ensure uniform texture and fertility of the matrix;
s6, detecting the water content of the soil: and if the water content is lower than the standard, spraying the water, and if the water content is higher than the standard, turning soil and ventilating to reduce the water content.
5. The method for raising bare root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the chemical disinfectant in the step S3 disinfects the substrate, which comprises the following steps:
s1.1, selecting and mixing thiophanate methyl, pyridamycin, mercuric chloride, lime chloride and methyl bromide according to a proportion;
s1.2, dissolving the disinfectant in a proper amount of water to prepare a disinfectant, wherein the dissolution ratio is 1:150;
s1.3, stirring and mixing the disinfection solution by using stirring equipment, wherein the stirring speed is 200/rpm, and the duration time is 5-8min;
s1.4, uniformly spraying or irrigating the prepared disinfectant on the surface of the soil to be disinfected, so as to ensure that the disinfectant can fully cover all parts of the soil;
s1.5, standing the disinfectant in soil for 5 days to 2 weeks to ensure that the disinfectant can fully play a role in sterilization and disinsection;
s1.6, after the treatment time is over, a large amount of clean water is used for washing the soil so as to remove residual chemical disinfectant, and the soil is dried, so that the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60% -70%.
6. The method for raising bare-root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the ratio of the hydrogen oxide to the bleaching powder is 4:6, the ratio of the hydrogen oxide to the bleaching powder to the water is 1:100, the soaking time of the asparagus seedlings is 1-2h, and the soaking temperature of the asparagus seedlings is 20-30 ℃.
7. The method for raising bare-root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the arrangement space of the asparagus seedlings in the seedling bed is 3-6cm, and the laying thickness of the root soil of the asparagus seedlings is 1-2cm.
8. The method for raising bare root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the mixing proportion of the thiophanate methyl, the pyridazine, the mercuric chloride, the lime chloride and the methyl bromide in the S1.1 is 10% -15% of thiophanate methyl, 15% -28% of pyridazine, 5% -10% of mercuric chloride, 30% -45% of lime chloride and 5% -10% of methyl bromide.
9. The method for raising bare root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the specific proportion of the thiophanate methyl, the pyridazine, the mercuric chloride, the lime chloride and the methyl bromide in the S1.1 is 15 percent of thiophanate methyl, 28 percent of pyridazine, 8 percent of mercuric chloride, 39 percent of lime chloride and 10 percent of methyl bromide.
10. The method for raising bare root seedlings of asparagus for preventing and treating root rot of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the specific proportion of the thiophanate methyl, the pyridazine, the mercuric chloride, the lime chloride and the methyl bromide in the S1.1 is 10 percent of thiophanate methyl, 25 percent of the pyridazine, 10 percent of the mercuric chloride, 45 percent of the lime chloride and 10 percent of the methyl bromide.
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