CN117136597A

CN117136597A - Air-to-ground communication

Info

Publication number: CN117136597A
Application number: CN202180096875.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李乔羽; 张煜; 魏超; 徐晧
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2021-04-16
Filing date: 2021-04-16
Publication date: 2023-11-28
Also published as: EP4324256A1; WO2022217570A1

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for air-to-ground (ATG) communication. A method that may be performed by a User Equipment (UE) includes: one or more parameters indicating movement of the UE relative to the BS are determined. The method also includes updating the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance. The method also includes transmitting the uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Description

Air-to-ground communication

Technical Field

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for determining an uplink Timing Advance (TA) for air-to-ground (ATG) communications.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These wireless communication systems may employ multiple access techniques capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access systems include third generation partnership project (3 GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-advanced (LTE-a) systems, code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (S CFDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, to name a few.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. New radios (e.g., 5G NR) are examples of emerging telecommunication standards. NR is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3 GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by improving spectral efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, utilizing new spectrum, and using OFDMA with Cyclic Prefix (CP) on Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) to integrate better with other open standards. To this end, NR supports beamforming, multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation.

However, as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, there is a need for further improvements in NR and LTE technology. These improvements should be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards employing these technologies.

Disclosure of Invention

The systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure each have several aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled "detailed description" one will understand how the features of this disclosure provide advantages that include enabling air-to-ground (ATG) communications between an on-board User Equipment (UE) and a fixed Base Station (BS).

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE). The method generally includes determining, by the UE, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS. The method also includes updating, by the UE, the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including: altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The method also includes transmitting the uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE). The method generally includes receiving from a BS: the timing advance drift rate data based on UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters including: UE or BS height; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; a timing advance command. The method further includes updating the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance. The method also includes transmitting the uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a Base Station (BS). The method generally includes: one or more parameters indicating the location of the BS are transmitted to the UE. The method also includes receiving an uplink communication from the UE, the uplink communication being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a Base Station (BS). The method generally includes receiving, from a UE, UE-specific parameters including one or more of: height of the UE; the location of the UE; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The method also includes determining a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS. The method also includes transmitting the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a User Equipment (UE). The UE generally includes a memory and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory. The processor and the memory may be configured to determine, by the UE, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS. The memory and the processor may be configured to update a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including: UE or BS height; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The memory and processor may also be configured to transmit the uplink signal on resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a User Equipment (UE). The UE generally includes a memory and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory. The processor and the memory may be configured to receive from the BS: (i) Based on the timing advance drift rate data of the UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters include: UE or BS height; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; and (ii) a timing advance command. The processor and memory may also update the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in the uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance. The memory and processor may also transmit uplink signals on resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a Base Station (BS). The BS generally includes a memory and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory. The processor and the memory may be configured to transmit one or more parameters indicating the location of the BS to the UE. The processor and the memory may also receive uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a Base Station (BS). The BS generally includes a memory and a processor communicatively coupled to the memory. The processor and memory may be configured to receive UE-specific parameters from the UE, the UE-specific parameters including one or more of: height of the UE; the location of the UE; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The processor and memory may also determine a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS. The processor and memory may also send a timing advance drift rate to the UE.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a User Equipment (UE). The UE generally includes: means for determining one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS. The UE also includes means for updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including: altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The UE also includes means for transmitting an uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a User Equipment (UE). The UE generally includes means for receiving, from a BS: the timing advance drift rate data based on UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters including: altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; a timing advance command. The UE further includes means for updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance. The UE also includes means for transmitting an uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a Base Station (BS). The BS includes: means for transmitting one or more parameters indicative of the location of the BS to the UE. The BS also includes means for receiving uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a Base Station (BS). In general, the BS includes: means for receiving UE-specific parameters from the UE, the UE-specific parameters including one or more of: altitude of the UE; the location of the UE; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The BS also includes means for determining a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift out of synchronization with timing of the BS. The BS further comprises means for transmitting the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a User Equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform operations comprising: one or more parameters indicating movement of the UE relative to the BS are determined. The operations also include updating, by the UE, the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including: altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The operations also include transmitting the uplink signal on resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a User Equipment (UE) cause the UE to perform operations comprising: receiving from the BS: (i) Timing advance drift rate data based on UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters including: altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; and (ii) a timing advance command. The operations also include updating the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance. The operations also include transmitting the uplink signal on resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a Base Station (BS), cause the BS to perform operations comprising: one or more parameters indicating the location of the BS are transmitted to the UE. The operations further comprise: an uplink communication is received from the UE, the uplink communication being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented by a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a Base Station (BS), cause the BS to perform operations comprising: receiving UE-specific parameters from a UE, the UE-specific parameters including one or more of: height of the UE; the location of the UE; UE speed; or UE trajectory. The operations also include determining a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS. The operations also include transmitting a timing advance drift rate to the UE.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.

Drawings

So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only certain aspects of the disclosure and that the description may allow for other equally effective aspects.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example wireless communication network in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a design of an example Base Station (BS) and User Equipment (UE) in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is an example frame format for certain wireless communication systems (e.g., new Radios (NRs)) in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an example uplink timing advance in a scenario in which uplink and downlink slots are time aligned at a BS.

Fig. 4B is a block diagram illustrating an example uplink timing advance in a scenario in which uplink and downlink slots are time-shifted at a BS.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example network including an air vehicle UE and a BS, and a corresponding call flow diagram illustrating example communications between the UE and the BS.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example network including an air vehicle UE and a BS, and a corresponding call flow diagram illustrating example communications between the UE and the BS.

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example network including an air vehicle UE and a BS, and a corresponding call flow diagram illustrating example communications between the UE and the BS.

Fig. 8 is a flow chart illustrating example operations for wireless communication according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating example operations for wireless communication according to certain aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating example operations for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 11 is a flow chart illustrating example operations for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 illustrates a communication device that may include various components configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein (e.g., the operations shown in fig. 8 and 9).

Fig. 13 illustrates a communication device that may include various components configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein (e.g., the operations illustrated in fig. 10 and 11).

To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one aspect may be beneficially utilized on other aspects without specific recitation.

Detailed Description

Aspects of the present disclosure provide user equipment, methods, processing systems, and computer readable media for allowing an apparatus (UE) to determine timing advance for uplink communications using UE-specific information.

The following description provides examples of determining and communicating based on timing advances in a communication system. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the disclosure. Various examples may omit, replace, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods practiced using other structures, functions, or structures and functions in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects.

In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies. RATs may also be referred to as radio technologies, air interfaces, etc. Frequencies may also be referred to as carriers, subcarriers, frequency channels, tones, subbands, and so forth. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographical area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless networks and wireless technologies. While aspects may be described herein using terms commonly associated with 3G, 4G, and/or new radio (e.g., 5G NR) wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be applied in other generation-based communication systems.

NR access may support various wireless communication services such as enhanced mobile broadband (emmbb) targeting wide bandwidth, millimeter wave mmW, large-scale machine type communication MTC (mctc) targeting non-backward compatible MTC technology, and/or critical tasks targeting ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). These services may include delay and reliability requirements. These services may also have different Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) to meet corresponding quality of service (QoS) requirements. In addition, these services may coexist in the same subframe.

NR supports beamforming and beam direction may be dynamically configured. MIMO transmission with precoding may also be supported. MIMO configuration in DL may support up to 8 transmit antennas, with multi-layer DL transmitting up to 8 streams and up to 2 streams per UE. Multi-layer transmissions with up to 2 streams per UE may be supported. Aggregation of multiple cells may be supported with up to 8 serving cells.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented. For example, the wireless communication network 100 may be an NR system (e.g., a 5G NR network). As shown in fig. 1, the wireless communication network 100 may be in communication with a core network 132. The core network 132 may communicate with one or more Base Stations (BSs) 110a-110z (also referred to herein individually or collectively as BSs 110) and/or User Equipments (UEs) 120a-120y (also referred to herein individually or collectively as UEs 120) in the wireless communication network 100 via one or more interfaces.

According to certain aspects, BS110 and UE 120 may be configured to provide information for determining a timing advance at UE 120a for uplink communication with BS110 a. As shown in fig. 1, BS110a includes a Timing Advance (TA) manager 112 configured to transmit one or more parameters indicative of a location of BS110a to UE 120a, and to receive uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, TA manager 112 is configured to: the method may include receiving a UE-specific parameter from a UE, determining a timing advance drift rate indicative of a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with a BS based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, and transmitting the timing advance drift rate to the UE 120 a.

UE 120a includes a TA manager 122 according to aspects of the present disclosure configured to determine, by UE 120a, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS, update, by the UE, a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the update is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, and transmit an uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance. TA manager 122 may also be configured to receive from the BS: timing advance drift rate data and timing advance commands based on UE-specific parameters. TA manager 122 may be further configured to update the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the update is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, and to transmit the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

BS110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area (sometimes referred to as a "cell") that may be stationary or may move according to the location of mobile BS 110. In some examples, BS110 may be interconnected with each other and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in wireless communication network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces (e.g., direct physical connections, wireless connections, virtual networks, etc.) using any suitable transport network. In the example shown in fig. 1, BSs 110a, 110b, and 110c may be macro BSs for macro cells 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively. BS110x may be a pico BS for pico cell 102 x. BSs 110y and 110z may be femto BSs of femto cells 102y and 102z, respectively. The BS may support one or more cells.

BS110 communicates with UEs 120 in wireless communication network 100. UEs 120 (e.g., 120x, 120y, etc.) may be dispersed throughout wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. Wireless communication network 100 may also include relay stations (e.g., relay station 110 r), also referred to as repeaters, etc., that receive transmissions of data and/or other information from upstream stations (e.g., BS110a or UE 120 r) and send transmissions of data and/or other information to downstream stations (e.g., UE 120 or BS 110), or relay transmissions between UEs 120, to facilitate communications between devices.

Network controller 130 may communicate with a collection of BSs 110 and provide coordination and control (e.g., via backhaul) for these BSs 110. In aspects, the network controller 130 may communicate with a core network 132 (e.g., a 5G core network (5 GC)), the core network 132 providing various network functions such as access and mobility management, session management, user plane functions, policy control functions, authentication server functions, unified data management, application functions, network exposure functions, network repository functions, network slice selection functions, and the like.

Fig. 2 illustrates example components of BS110a and UE 120a (e.g., wireless communication network 100 of fig. 1) that may be used to implement aspects of the disclosure.

At BS110a, transmit processor 220 may receive data from data source 212 and control information from controller/processor 240. The control information may be used for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), and the like. The data may be for a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) or the like. A Medium Access Control (MAC) -control element (MAC-CE) is a MAC layer communication structure that may be used for control command exchange between wireless nodes. The MAC-CE may be carried in a shared channel such as a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), or a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH).

Processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols, e.g., for a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). A Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to Modulators (MODs) in the transceivers 232a-232 t. Each modulator in transceivers 232a-232t may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from modulators in transceivers 232a-232t may be transmitted through antennas 234a-234t, respectively.

At UE 120a, antennas 252a-252r may receive the downlink signals from BS110a and may provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 254a-254r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 254a-254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a corresponding received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120a to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller/processor 280.

On the uplink, at UE 120a, transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from data source 262 (e.g., for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) and control information from controller/processor 280 (e.g., for a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., for Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)). The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators in transceivers 254a-254r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to BS110a. At BS110a, the uplink signals from UE 120a may be received by antennas 234, decoded by demodulators in transceivers 232a-232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120 a. Receiver 238 may send the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller/processor 240.

Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for BS110a and UE 120a, respectively. The scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.

Antenna 252, processors 266, 258, 264 and/or controller/processor 280 of UE 120a and/or antenna 234, processors 220, 230, 238 and/or controller/processor 240 of BS110a may be used to perform the various techniques and methods described herein. For example, as shown in fig. 2, controller/processor 240 of BS110a has TA manager 112 according to aspects of the disclosure configured to transmit one or more parameters to UE 120a indicating the location of BS110a, and to receive uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters. In some examples, TA manager 112 is configured to: the method may include receiving a UE-specific parameter from a UE, determining a timing advance drift rate indicative of a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with a BS based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, and transmitting the timing advance drift rate to the UE 120 a.

As shown in fig. 2, controller/processor 280 of UE 120a has a TA manager 122 according to aspects of the present disclosure configured to determine, by UE 120a, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS, update, by the UE, a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the update is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, and transmit an uplink signal on resources determined using the new uplink timing advance. TA manager 122 may also be configured to receive from the BS: timing advance drift rate data and timing advance commands based on UE-specific parameters. TA manager 122 may be further configured to update the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the update is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, and to transmit the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

Although shown at a controller/processor, other components of UE 120a and BS110a may be used to perform the operations described herein.

NR may utilize Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) on uplink and downlink. NR may support half-duplex operation using Time Division Duplex (TDD). OFDM and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) divide the system bandwidth into a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. The modulation symbols may be transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and in the time domain using SC-FDM. The interval between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed and the total number of subcarriers may depend on the system bandwidth. The minimum resource allocation called Resource Block (RB) may be 12 consecutive subcarriers. The system bandwidth may also be divided into sub-bands. For example, a subband may cover multiple RBs. The NR may support a 15KHz base subcarrier spacing (SCS) and may define other SCSs (e.g., 30KHz, 60KHz, 120KHz, 240KHz, etc.) with respect to the base SCS.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a frame format 300 for NR. The transmission timeline for each of the downlink and uplink may be partitioned into units of radio frames. Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 ms) and may be divided into 10 subframes indexed 0 to 9, each subframe being 1ms. Depending on the SCS, each subframe may include a variable number of slots (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 … … slots). Each slot may include a variable number of symbol periods (e.g., 7, 12, or 14 symbols) depending on the SCS. The symbol periods in each slot may be assigned an index. A sub-slot structure may refer to a transmission time interval having a duration less than a time slot (e.g., 2, 3, or 4 symbols). Each symbol in a slot may be configured for a link direction (e.g., DL, UL, or flexible) of data transmission, and the link direction of each subframe may be dynamically switched. The link direction may be based on slot format. Each slot may include DL/UL data and DL/UL control information.

In NR, a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) is transmitted. In certain aspects, SSBs may be transmitted in bursts, where each SSB in a burst corresponds to a different beam direction for UE-side beam management (e.g., including beam selection and/or beam refinement). SSB includes PSS, SSS and two symbol PBCH. SSBs may be transmitted in fixed slot positions (e.g., symbols 0-3 as shown in fig. 3). PSS and SSS may be used by UEs for cell search and acquisition. The PSS may provide half frame timing and the SS may provide CP length and frame timing. PSS and SSS may provide cell identity. The PBCH carries some basic system information such as downlink system bandwidth, timing information within the radio frame, SS burst set period, system frame number, etc. SSBs may be organized into SS bursts to support beam scanning. Further system information, such as Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), system Information Blocks (SIBs), other System Information (OSI), etc., may be transmitted on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in certain subframes. SSBs may be sent up to 64 times, e.g., with up to 64 different beam directions for mmWave. The multiple transmissions of SSBs are referred to as SS burst sets. SSBs in SS burst sets may be transmitted in the same frequency region, while SSBs in different SS burst sets may be transmitted at different frequency regions.

In wireless communications, uplink orthogonality allows BS110a to receive uplink transmissions from different UEs 120 within a cell without causing interference between the uplink transmissions. In order for uplink orthogonality to work, the uplink slot boundaries for a given parameter design may be time aligned at BS110 a. In some examples, any timing misalignment between uplink transmissions received by BS110a may fall within the cyclic prefix. Thus, to ensure that UE uplink transmissions are time aligned with BS110a, UE 120a may use transmission timing advance.

In general, the timing advance involves a negative offset of the uplink transmission of UE 120 a. In some examples, the negative offset is between the beginning of a downlink time slot as observed by UE 120a and the beginning of an uplink time slot on which the uplink signal is transmitted. If UE 120a is far from BS110a, a larger offset may be required. Thus, remote UEs 120a may begin their uplink transmissions further ahead of time relative to other UEs closer to the BS.

Fig. 4A is a block diagram illustrating an example uplink timing advance 410 in a scenario where uplink and downlink timeslots are time aligned at a BS. Here, from the BS's perspective, the nth downlink slot 402 and the nth uplink slot 404 are aligned. However, because the UE is a distance from the BS, from the UE's perspective, the UE applies a relatively large timing advance 410 from the nth uplink slot 406 toward the nth downlink slot 408. That is, the greater the distance between the UE and the BS, the greater the delay between the time when the signal is transmitted from the transmitter and the time when the signal is received by the receiver. Because the slots are aligned at the BS, from the BS's perspective, the UE is responsible for advancing the transmission timing of the uplink signal such that the nth downlink slot 402 and the nth uplink slot 404 are aligned.

Fig. 4B is a block diagram illustrating an example uplink timing advance 460 in a scenario in which uplink and downlink time slots are time-shifted at a BS. Here, from the BS's perspective, the nth downlink slot 452 and the nth uplink slot 454 are time shifted (e.g., separated by, for example, a frame). That is, the BS transmits a downlink signal from the nth downlink slot 452 and expects to receive an uplink signal during the nth uplink slot 454 after a certain amount of time 462. Thus, due to the time shift from the BS's perspective, the timing advance 460 of the UE's uplink transmission 456 decreases toward the nth downlink slot 458 relative to the timing advance 410 of fig. 4A.

Thus, to achieve proper timing, UE 120a may advance the timing of its uplink transmissions to help ensure synchronized reception timing of the uplink transmissions at BS110 a. However, problems may occur when determining and applying timing advance in air-to-ground (ATG) communications between the on-board UE 120a and the fixed BS110 a. For example, in ATG communications, BS110a may have a fixed location while air vehicle UE 120a moves very quickly. This is different from satellite communications because satellite BSs move much faster than UEs. Further, the stationary BS110a in ATG communication is typically able to access little or no information (e.g., location, trajectory, etc.) about the air vehicle UE 120 a. Even if such information is available, signaling delays and overhead associated with ATG communications may reduce the effectiveness of such information.

Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure address such issues by utilizing UE-specific information to better compensate for uplink timing advance of on-board UE 120 a. As described in more detail below, the use of UE-specific information results in relatively low signaling overhead and reduction of signaling delay.

Timing advance based on UE-specific and BS information

In certain aspects, UE 120a may determine and apply timing advance to its uplink transmissions without the need for commands or other instructions by BS110 a. That is, BS110a may not have to send commands or instructions configured to prompt UE 120a to determine and/or adjust the timing advance of its uplink transmissions. As described in more detail below, such techniques reduce signaling delays by eliminating specific BS110a commands and instead providing UE 120a with the ability to determine timing advance and make any appropriate adjustments to the timing advance.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example network 500 including air vehicle UE 120a and BS110a, and a corresponding call flow diagram 550 illustrating example communications between UE 120a and BS110 a. In this example, UE 120a is within range 562 of active wireless communication with BS110 a. For example, range 562 may be any suitable distance (e.g., 300 kilometers (km) or less) that allows wireless communication between UE 120a and BS110 a.

Initially, UE 120a may participate in a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure with BS110a after receiving a first communication 502 including a System Information Block (SIB) and/or a RACH message. UE 120a may then determine 504 to update or calculate a timing advance for communication with BS110 a. UE 120a may determine 506 a timing advance based on the received information (e.g., BS parameters) and/or UE-specific information determined at UE 120 a. The UE may then send an uplink transmission in the second communication 508 according to the determined timing advance. Optionally, UE 120a may send report 510 to BS110a, as discussed in more detail below.

In certain aspects, UE 120a may automatically (e.g., without command or instruction from BS110 a) determine an appropriate timing advance 560 for communication with BS110a and update or adjust the previously used timing advance. Because UE 120a determines timing advance 560 itself, this determination may be based on UE-specific information. For example, UE 120a may determine an appropriate timing advance 560 based on real-time coordinates and altitude provided by equipment on UE 120 a. In some examples, the altitude and other coordinates of UE 120a (such as position, velocity, trajectory, and any other suitable parameters) may be provided by equipment on UE 120a and may be used in real-time to update timing advance 560. The coordinates may include any Geographic Coordinate System (GCS) information related to the location of UE 120a and/or BS110 a.

In certain aspects, UE 120a may automatically determine and update timing advance 560 based on UE-specific information and/or one or more BS110a parameters. BS110a parameters may include BS110a coordinates, BS110a altitude, and/or downlink-uplink frame time shifts associated with BS110a (e.g., the downlink-uplink frame time shifts shown in fig. 4B). In some examples, UE 120a may receive the coordinates and altitude from BS110a in a wireless communication, such as a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or in a RACH message sent by BS110 a.

In a first example, BS110a may include one or more of the BS110a parameters in a SIB message (e.g., SIB 1, SIB 2, etc.). In this way, UE 120a may determine and/or update its timing advance prior to the RACH procedure with BS110 a. Alternatively or additionally, BS110a may provide one or more BS110a parameters in the RACH message. For example, the second message (msg 2) sent by BS110a during the four-step RACH procedure may include PDCCH communications providing BS110a parameters. In another example, BS110a may send a Random Access Response (RAR) message (msgB) during a two-step RACH procedure, which may provide BS110a parameters to UE 120 a. Note that conventional SIB and RACH message transmissions (e.g., msg2 and msgB) may include timing advance information determined by BS110a for UE 120 a. However, due to the speed of on-board UE 120a, the timing advance information provided in this manner may become outdated at or shortly after the time UE 120a receives it. Thus, SIB and/or RACH messaging may be modified to include an indication of one or more BS110a parameters instead of timing advance values determined by BS110 a. This reduces the amount of delay and time that BS110a would otherwise be required to spend determining UE 120a timing advance, and it also reduces communication overhead.

In a second example, one or more BS parameters may be preloaded and stored on UE 120 a. For example, a database of BS110 may be stored and indexed by a BS Identifier (ID) that associates one or more BS parameters with a particular BS110 a. In such examples, communication overhead and delay are reduced because BS110a does not have to calculate a timing advance for use by UE 120a, nor does BS110a have to communicate one or more BS parameters to UE 120 a. In contrast, UE 120a may identify BS110a based on the SIBs, perform a lookup operation to determine BS parameters associated with BS110a, and then determine and/or update a timing advance for uplink communications with BS110a based on the BS parameters and UE-specific information.

As illustrated in the example network 500 of fig. 5, the UE 120a may optionally receive BS parameters from the BS via wireless communications 564 (e.g., SIB or RACH messages). Based on the BS parameters and the real-time UE-specific information generated at UE 120a, UE 120a may determine a timing advance 560 and transmit uplink communication 566 in accordance with the determined timing advance. In some examples, UE 120a may continuously update the timing advance based on BS parameters and UE-specific information to maintain an appropriate timing advance.

In some examples, uplink communication 566 may include information indicating a timing advance determined by the UE such that BS110a may use the timing advance for uplink scheduling. Uplink communication 566 may also or alternatively include information regarding the ability of UE 120a to determine UE-specific information. For example, UE 120a may report 510 information indicating the accuracy of the GNSS of UE 120a and altimeter information. Based on the information provided in report 510, BS110a may configure UE 120a with different Cyclic Prefix (CP) lengths or schedule US120a with different timelines to accommodate UE equipment capabilities or accuracy.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example network 600 including air vehicle UE 120a and BS110a, and a corresponding call flow diagram 650 illustrating example communications between UE 120a and BS110 a. In this example, UE 120a is within range 662 of active wireless communication with BS110 a. For example, range 662 may be any suitable distance (e.g., 300 kilometers (km) or less) that allows wireless communication between UE 120a and BS110 a.

In this example, UE 120a may provide UE-specific information to BS110a such that BS110a may determine a timing advance drift rate for UE 120 a. The timing advance drift rate may indicate that uplink communications from UE 120a may drift from synchronizing with timing at BS110a to an estimated rate that is outside of a threshold timing value that indicates an unacceptable deviation from BS110a timing. Thus, the drift rate may indicate whether UE 120a needs to update its timing advance and/or the rate at which UE 120a needs to update its timing advance. BS110a may use UE-specific information, such as trajectory, position, and speed, to determine the timing advance drift rate of UE 120a to predict the drift rate. Because UE 120a provides UE-specific information directly to BS110a, the BS does not have to rely on Air Traffic Control (ATC) or other components to indirectly receive the UE-specific information. This reduces the latency and delay introduced into the communication by a third party (e.g., ATC) communicating between US120a and BS110 a.

In certain aspects, in the first communication 602, BS110a may request UE-specific information from UE 120a. In one example, BS110a may configure UE 120a to periodically communicate UE-specific information (e.g., one or more of trajectory, location, speed, and any other suitable information calculated or generated at UE 120 a) to BS110 a. BS110a may configure UE 120a for periodic communication via RRC messaging that includes an indication of one or more of the type of UE-specific information and the periodicity or frequency of communication of such information. In some examples, the period of the update may be configured via a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB).

In certain aspects, the first communication 602 may be Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmitted from BS110 a. In some examples, the DCI may trigger UE 120a to communicate UE-specific information to BS110 a. Accordingly, BS110a may request UE-specific information aperiodically (e.g., between periodic communications configured by RRC, or without any RRC periodic configuration). In some examples, the DCI may include an indication of the type of UE-specific information requested by BS110 a.

In another example, a request for UE-specific information by BS110a may be communicated to UE 120a via a SIB or in a RAR message (e.g., msg2 of a four-step RACH procedure or msgB of a two-step RACH procedure). In such examples, UE 120a may respond to the request by sending UE-specific information via msg3 of the four-step RACH procedure or msgA of the two-step RACH procedure.

Upon receiving the first communication 602, UE 120a may respond to BS110a with a second communication 604 that includes UE-specific information. Thereafter, UE 120a may continue to periodically and/or aperiodically transmit UE-specific information to BS110a. BS110a may then estimate the timing advance drift rate based on the UE-specific information. For example, BS110a may predict that uplink communications from UE 120a may drift from synchronizing with timing at BS110a to a rate that is outside of a threshold timing value that indicates an unacceptable deviation from BS110a timing. UE 120a may communicate UE-specific information to BS110a via RRC messages, MAC-CEs, or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

In third communication 606, BS110a may communicate the determined timing advance drift rate to UE 120a. In some examples, the drift rate may be sent via RRC message, DCI, or MAC-CE. In some examples, third communication 606 may include a time stamped timing advance command configured to cause UE 120a to update its timing advance based on the latest drift rate.

In response to one or more of the time-stamped timing advance command or drift rate provided in the third communication 606, in the first process 608, the UE 120a may update its timing advance so that future uplink transmissions 610 are properly synchronized with BS110a timing. For example, UE 120a may update the timing advance using the drift rate and timing advance command. However, it should be noted that in some examples, the drift rate may prompt UE 120a to automatically update its timing advance without a timing advance command.

In fourth communication 610, UE 120a may send uplink communications to the BS according to updated timing advance 660. UE 120a may optionally send a report to BS110a in fifth communication 612. For example, UE 120a may report information indicating the accuracy of the GNSS and altimeter information of UE 120a, or any other equipment for determining UE-specific information provided to BS110a in second communication 604.

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example network 700 including air vehicle UE 120a and BS110a, and a corresponding call flow diagram 750 illustrating example communications between UE 120a and BS110 a. Here, UE 120a is within range 762 of efficient wireless communication with BS110 a. For example, range 762 may be any suitable distance (e.g., 300 kilometers (km) or less) that allows wireless communication between UE 120a and BS110 a.

In this example, BS110a may receive UE-specific information from a source other than UE 120a itself. For example, BS110a may receive the UE-specific information from the ATC or via automatic correlation monitoring (ADS) (e.g., ADS-A, ADS-B and/or ADS-C) 764. BS110a may then determine the timing advance drift rate for UE 120a based on this information. Thus, in a first process 702, BS110a may determine a timing advance drift rate based on UE-specific information received from ADS 764.

Subsequently, in a first communication 704, BS110a may communicate the determined timing advance drift rate to UE 120a. In some examples, the first communication 704 may include a time stamped timing advance command configured to cause the UE 120a to update its timing advance based on the latest drift rate. In a second process 706, and in response to one or more of the time stamped timing advance commands or drift rates provided in the first communication 704, the UE 120a may update its timing advance 760 so that future uplink transmissions 708 are properly synchronized with BS110a timing. In second communication 708, UE 120a may send uplink communications to BS110a according to updated timing advance 760.

Fig. 8 is a flow chart illustrating example operations 800 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 800 may be performed, for example, by a UE (e.g., such as the UE 120a in the wireless communication network 100). The operations 800 may be implemented as software components executing and running on one or more processors (e.g., the controller/processor 280 of fig. 2). Further, the UE's transmission and reception of signals in operation 800 may be implemented, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 252 of fig. 2). In certain aspects, the transmission and/or reception of signals by the UE may be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 280) that obtain and/or output the signals.

The operation 800 may begin at a first block 802 by determining one or more parameters indicative of movement of a UE relative to a BS.

Operation 800 may proceed to a second block 804 by updating, by the UE, a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters comprising: altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory.

Operation 800 may proceed to a third block 806 by transmitting an uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

In certain aspects, determining the one or more parameters further comprises receiving the one or more parameters from the BS, wherein the one or more parameters are based on information provided by an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

In certain aspects, the one or more parameters include a BS time shift between the uplink time interval and the downlink time interval, the time shift indicating whether the uplink time interval is aligned with the downlink time interval at the BS.

In certain aspects, the operations 800 may further comprise: receiving a System Information Broadcast (SIB) from the BS, the SIB indicating one or more of: altitude of the BS, location of the BS, or BS time shift.

In certain aspects, the operations 800 may further include receiving one or more of the following via one of: altitude of BS, location of BS, or BS time shift: message B (MsgB) of a 2-step Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure; or message 2 (Msg 2) of a 4-step RACH procedure.

In certain aspects, a plurality of BS identifiers are stored on the UE, wherein each BS identifier of the plurality of BS identifiers corresponds to a particular BS, and wherein the first BS identifier indicates one or more of an altitude of the BS or a location of the BS.

In certain aspects, operation 800 further comprises sending a report to the BS, the report comprising an indication of the accuracy of one or more of the UE altitude or the UE coordinates.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating example operations 900 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. The operations 900 may be performed, for example, by a UE (e.g., such as the UE 120a in the wireless communication network 100). The operations 900 may be implemented as software components executing and running on one or more processors (e.g., the controller/processor 280 of fig. 2). Further, the UE's transmission and reception of signals in operation 900 may be implemented, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 252 of fig. 2). In certain aspects, the transmission and/or reception of signals by the UE may be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 280) that obtain and/or output the signals.

The operations 900 may begin at a first block 902 with receiving from a BS: (i) The timing advance drift rate data based on UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters including: altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; and (ii) a timing advance command.

Operation 900 may proceed to a second block 904 by updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance.

Operation 900 may proceed to a third block 906 by transmitting an uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

In certain aspects, operation 900 comprises: a request is received from the BS to provide UE-specific parameters to the BS, and in response to the request, the UE-specific parameters are sent to the BS.

In certain aspects, operation 900 comprises determining UE-specific parameters using equipment integrated into the UE.

In certain aspects, transmitting the UE-specific parameters to the BS further comprises transmitting the UE-specific parameters via Radio Resource Control (RRC), medium Access Control (MAC) Control Elements (CEs), or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

In certain aspects, the UE-specific parameters include information provided by an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

In certain aspects, the timing advance command includes a request for the UE to update a previous uplink timing advance.

In certain aspects, the request is received via one or more of Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

In certain aspects, the timing advance drift rate data is received via Radio Resource Control (RRC), downlink Control Information (DCI), or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating example operations 1000 for wireless communication in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. Operation 1000 may be performed, for example, by a BS (e.g., such as BS 110a in wireless communication network 100). Operation 1000 may be complementary to operation 800/900 performed by the UE. The operations 1000 may be implemented as software components executing and running on one or more processors (e.g., the controller/processor 240 of fig. 2). Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the BS in operation 1000 may be implemented, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 234 of fig. 2). In certain aspects, the transmission and/or reception of signals by the BS may be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 240) that obtain and/or output the signals.

Operation 1000 may begin at a first block 1002 by sending one or more parameters to a UE indicating a location of a BS.

The operations 1000 may begin at a second block 1004 by receiving an uplink communication from a UE, the uplink communication being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

In certain aspects, the one or more parameters include an indication of: the height of BS; the location of the BS; or BS time shift between an uplink time interval and a downlink time interval, the time shift indicating whether the uplink time interval is aligned with the downlink time interval at the BS.

In certain aspects, the one or more parameters are transmitted via a System Information Broadcast (SIB), message B (MsgB) of a 2-step Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, or message 2 (Msg 2) of a 4-step RACH procedure.

In certain aspects, operation 1000 comprises: a report is received from the UE that includes an indication of accuracy of equipment on the UE, wherein the equipment is configured to provide one or more of a height of the UE or a location of the UE.

In certain aspects, the operational timing advance is determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters and the one or more UE-specific parameters.

In certain aspects, the BS is a fixed location terrestrial BS, and wherein the UE is an air vehicle.

Fig. 11 is a flow chart illustrating example operations 1100 for wireless communications in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. Operation 1100 may be performed, for example, by a BS, such as BS 110a in wireless communication network 100. Operation 1100 may be complementary to operation 800/900 performed by the UE. The operations 1100 may be implemented as software components executing and running on one or more processors (e.g., the controller/processor 240 of fig. 2). Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the BS in operation 1100 may be accomplished, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 234 of fig. 2). In certain aspects, the transmission and/or reception of signals by the BS may be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller/processor 240) that obtain and/or output the signals.

Operation 1100 may begin at a first block 1102 by: receiving UE-specific parameters from a UE, the UE-specific parameters including one or more of: height of the UE; the location of the UE; UE speed; or UE trajectory.

Operation 1100 may occur at the second block 1104 by determining a timing advance drift rate indicative of a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift out of timing synchronization with the BS based at least in part on the UE-specific parameters.

The operation 1100 may continue at a third block 1106 where a timing advance drift rate is sent to the UE.

In certain aspects, operation 1100 comprises: a request for UE-specific parameters is sent to the UE, wherein the UE-specific parameters are received in response to the request.

In certain aspects, the request is sent via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message or a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message.

In certain aspects, the RRC message is configured to cause the UE to periodically send UE-specific parameters to the BS; and the DCI message is configured to trigger the UE to send a single update of the UE-specific information in response to the request.

In certain aspects, operation 1100 comprises transmitting a timing advance command having a timing advance drift rate, wherein the timing advance command is configured to cause the UE to update a timing advance for transmitting the uplink communication.

In certain aspects, the timing advance command and the timing advance drift rate are communicated via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), or a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message.

In certain aspects, the UE-specific parameters are determined by equipment integrated into the UE.

In certain aspects, operation 1100 comprises receiving UE-specific parameters via Radio Resource Control (RRC), medium Access Control (MAC) Control Elements (CEs), or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

In certain aspects, the operations include receiving the UE-specific parameters via an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

Fig. 12 illustrates a communication device 1200 that may include various components (e.g., corresponding to component plus function components) configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein (e.g., the operations illustrated in fig. 8 and 9). The communication device 1200 includes a processing system 1202 coupled to a transceiver 1208 (e.g., transmitter and/or receiver). The transceiver 1208 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communication device 1200, such as the various signals as described herein, via the antenna 1210. The processing system 1202 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 1200, including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by the communication device 1200.

The processing system 1202 includes a processor 1204 coupled to a computer readable medium/memory 1212 via a bus 1206. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1212 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the processor 1204, cause the processor 1204 to perform the operations illustrated in fig. 8 and 9, or other operations for performing various techniques for UE updating for timing advance discussed herein.

In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1212 stores code 1214 for determining, by the UE, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS.

In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1212 stores code 1216 for updating, by the UE, a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance. Alternatively or additionally, code 1216 may be to update a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance.

In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1212 stores code 1218 for transmitting uplink signals on resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1212 stores code 1220 for receiving from a BS: timing advance drift rate data based on UE-specific parameters, and timing advance commands.

In certain aspects, the processor 1204 has circuitry configured to implement code stored in the computer readable medium/memory 1212. The processor 1204 includes circuitry 1224 for determining, by the UE, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS.

The processor 1204 includes circuitry 1226 for updating, by the UE, the previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance. Alternatively or additionally, code 1216 may be to update a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance.

The processor 1204 includes a circuit 1228 for transmitting an uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

The processor 1204 includes circuitry 1230 to receive from the BS: timing advance drift rate data and timing advance commands based on UE-specific parameters.

Fig. 13 illustrates a communication device 1300, which may include various components (e.g., corresponding to the component plus function components) configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein (e.g., the operations illustrated in fig. 10 and 11). The communication device 1300 includes a processing system 1302 coupled to a transceiver 1308 (e.g., a transmitter and/or a receiver). The transceiver 1308 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1300, such as the various signals described herein, via the antenna 1310. The processing system 1302 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 1300, including processing signals received and/or to be transmitted by the communication device 1300.

The processing system 1302 includes a processor 1304 coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1312 via a bus 1306. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1312 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the processor 1304, cause the processor 1304 to perform the operations illustrated in fig. 10 and 11, or other operations for performing various techniques for UE updating for timing advance discussed herein.

In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1312 stores code 1314 for transmitting one or more parameters indicative of the location of the BS to the UE. Alternatively or additionally, code 1314 is to send the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1312 stores code 1316 for receiving uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters. Alternatively or additionally, code 1316 may be for receiving UE-specific parameters from a UE.

In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1312 stores code 1318 for determining a timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS based at least in part on the UE-specific parameters.

In certain aspects, the processor 1304 has circuitry configured to implement code stored in the computer-readable medium/memory 1312. The processor 1304 includes circuitry 1324 for transmitting to the UE one or more parameters indicating the location of the BS. Alternatively or additionally, circuitry 1324 is to send the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

In certain aspects, the processor includes circuitry 1326 for receiving uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters. Alternatively or additionally, circuitry 1326 may be configured to receive UE-specific parameters from a UE.

In certain aspects, the processor includes circuitry 1328 for determining a timing advance drift rate that indicates a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift out of timing synchronization with the BS based at least in part on the UE-specific parameters.

In some examples, the means for transmitting (or means for outputting for transmission) may include the transmitter and/or antenna(s) 234 or the transmitter unit 254 of BS110a or UE 120a and/or antenna(s) 252 illustrated in fig. 2. The means for receiving (or means for obtaining) may include the receiver and/or antenna(s) 234 of BS110a or the receiver and/or antenna(s) 252 of UE 120a illustrated in fig. 2. The means for communicating may comprise a transmitter, a receiver or both. The means for generating, means for performing, means for determining, means for taking action, means for determining, means for coordinating may comprise a processing system that may include one or more processors, such as transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, receive processor 238, and/or controller/processor 240 of BS110a, or receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and/or controller/processor 280 of UE 120a, and/or the processing system, as illustrated in fig. 2.

Example aspects

An example of an embodiment is described in the following numbered clauses:

1. a method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE) to a Base Station (BS), comprising: determining, by the UE, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS; updating, by the UE, a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance; and transmitting the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

2. The method of aspect 1, wherein determining the one or more parameters further comprises receiving the one or more parameters from the BS, wherein the one or more parameters are based on information provided by an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

3. The method of any one of aspects 1 and 2, wherein the one or more parameters include: UE or BS height; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; UE trajectory; or BS time shift between an uplink time interval and a downlink time interval, the time shift indicating whether the uplink time interval is aligned with the downlink time interval at the BS.

4. The method of any of aspects 1-3, further comprising receiving a System Information Broadcast (SIB) from the BS, the SIB indicating one or more of a height of the BS, a location of the BS, or a time shift of the BS.

5. The method of any of aspects 1-4, further comprising receiving one or more of a height of a BS, a location of a BS, or a BS time shift via one of: message B (MsgB) of a 2-step Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure; or message 2 (Msg 2) of a 4-step RACH procedure.

6. The method of any of aspects 1-5, wherein a plurality of BS identifiers are stored on the UE, wherein each BS identifier of the plurality of BS identifiers corresponds to a particular BS, and wherein the first BS identifier indicates one or more of a height of the BS or a location of the BS.

7. The method of any of aspects 1-6, further comprising sending a report to the BS, the report including an indication of accuracy of one or more of the UE height or the UE coordinates.

8. A method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE) to a Base Station (BS), comprising: receiving from the BS: timing advance drift rate data and timing advance commands based on UE-specific parameters; updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance; and transmitting the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

9. The method of aspect 8, further comprising: receiving a request from the BS to provide UE-specific parameters to the BS for the UE; and transmitting the UE-specific parameters to the BS in response to the request.

10. The method of any one of aspects 8 and 9, wherein the UE-specific parameters include one or more of a trajectory of the UE, a location of the UE, or a speed of the UE.

11. The method of any of aspects 8-10, wherein transmitting UE-specific parameters to the BS further comprises: the UE-specific parameters are transmitted via a Radio Resource Control (RRC), a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

12. The method of any of claims 8-11, wherein the UE-specific parameters include information provided by an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

13. The method of any of aspects 8-12, wherein the timing advance command comprises a request for the UE to update the previous uplink timing advance.

14. The method according to any one of aspects 8-13, wherein the request is received via one or more of Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

15. The method according to any of aspects 8-14, wherein the timing advance drift rate data is received via Radio Resource Control (RRC), downlink Control Information (DCI), or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

16. A method for wireless communication by a Base Station (BS) to a User Equipment (UE), comprising: transmitting one or more parameters indicating a location of the BS to the UE; and receiving uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

17. The method of aspect 16, wherein the one or more parameters include an indication of: the height of BS; the location of the BS; or BS time shift between an uplink time interval and a downlink time interval, the time shift indicating whether the uplink time interval is aligned with the downlink time interval at the BS.

18. The method of any of aspects 16 or 17, wherein the one or more parameters are transmitted via a System Information Broadcast (SIB), message B (MsgB) of a 2-step Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, or message 2 (Msg 2) of a 4-step RACH procedure.

19. The method of any of aspects 16-18, further comprising receiving a report from the UE comprising an indication of accuracy of equipment on the UE, wherein the equipment is configured to provide one or more of a height of the UE or a location of the UE.

20. The method of any of claims 16-19, wherein the timing advance is determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters and one or more UE-specific parameters.

21. The method of any of claims 16-20, wherein the BS is a fixed location terrestrial BS, and wherein the UE is an air vehicle.

22. A method for wireless communication by a Base Station (BS) to a User Equipment (UE), comprising: receiving UE-specific parameters from the UE; determining a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS; and transmitting the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

23. The method of aspect 22, further comprising: a request for the UE-specific parameter is sent to the UE, wherein the UE-specific parameter is received in response to the request.

24. The method of any one of aspects 22 and 23, wherein the request is sent via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message or a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message.

25. The method of any one of aspects 22-24, wherein: the RRC message is configured to cause the UE to periodically transmit UE-specific parameters to the BS; and the DCI message is configured to trigger the UE to send a single update of UE-specific information in response to the request.

26. The method of any of aspects 22-25, further comprising transmitting a timing advance command having a timing advance drift rate, wherein the timing advance command is configured to cause the UE to update a timing advance for transmitting the uplink communication.

27. The method according to any one of aspects 22-26, wherein the timing advance command and the timing advance drift rate are transmitted via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), or a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message.

28. The method of any of claims 22-27, wherein the UE-specific parameters include one or more of a trajectory of the UE, a location of the UE, or a speed of the UE.

29. The method of any of aspects 22-28, further comprising receiving UE-specific parameters via a Radio Resource Control (RRC), a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

30. The method of any of aspects 22-29, further comprising receiving UE-specific parameters via an auto-correlation monitoring broadcast (ADS-B).

31. A method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE) to a Base Station (BS), comprising: determining, by the UE, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS; updating, by the UE, a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including: UE or BS height; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; and transmitting the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein determining the one or more parameters further comprises receiving the one or more parameters from the BS, wherein the one or more parameters are based on information provided by an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

33. A method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE) with a Base Station (BS), comprising: receiving from the BS: timing advance drift rate data based on UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters including: the altitude of the UE or BS; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; a timing advance command; updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance; and transmitting the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

34. The method of aspect 33, further comprising determining the UE-specific parameters using a device integrated into the UE.

35. A method for wireless communication by a Base Station (BS) with a User Equipment (UE), comprising: receiving UE-specific parameters from the UE, the UE-specific parameters including one or more of: the height of the UE; the location of the UE; UE speed; or UE trajectory; determining a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS; and transmitting the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

36. A User Equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to: determining one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS; updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including at least one of: the UE or BS height; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; and transmitting the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

37. A User Equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to: receiving from the BS: based on the timing advance drift rate data of the UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters include at least one of: UE or BS height; the location of the UE or BS; UE speed; or UE trajectory; or a timing advance command; updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance; and transmitting the uplink signal on the resources determined using the new uplink timing advance.

38. A Base Station (BS), comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to: transmitting, to the UE, one or more parameters indicative of a location of the BS, the one or more parameters including at least one of a height of the BS or coordinates of the BS; and receiving uplink communications from the UE, the uplink communications transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

39. A Base Station (BS), comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to: receiving UE-specific parameters from the UE, the UE-specific parameters including at least one of: height of the UE; the location of the UE; UE speed; or UE trajectory; determining a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS; and transmitting the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

40. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of aspects 1-36.

38. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory including code executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of aspects 1-36.

39. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable code for wireless communications, which when executed by at least one processor causes an apparatus to perform the method of any of aspects 1-36.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication techniques such as NR (e.g., 5G NR), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-a), code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCDMA), time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), and other networks. The terms "network" and "system" are generally used interchangeably. CDMA networks may implement wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, and the like. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variations of CDMA. CdMA2000 encompasses IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. TDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM). An OFDMA network may implement radio technologies such as NR (e.g., 5G RA), evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (WiFi), IE EE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, flash OFDMA, etc. LTE and LTE-a are versions of UMTS that use EUTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-a and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "third generation partnership project" (3 GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "third generation partnership project 2" (3 GPP 2). NR is an emerging wireless communication technology being developed.

In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to a coverage area of a Node B (NB) and/or an NB subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In an NR system, the terms "cell" and BS, next generation node B (gNB or gndeb), access Point (AP), distributed Unit (DU), carrier or Transmission Reception Point (TRP) may be used interchangeably. The BS may provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, and/or other types of cells. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., an area with a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. The pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, etc.). The BS for the macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. The BS for the pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS. The BS for the femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS.

The UE may also be referred to as a mobile station, terminal, access terminal, subscriber unit, station, customer Premises Equipment (CPE), cellular telephone, smart phone, personal Digital Assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, laptop computer, cordless telephone, wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, tablet computer, camera, gaming device, netbook, smartbook, superbook, appliance, medical device or equipment, biometric sensor/device, wearable device (such as a smartwatch, smart garment, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet, etc)), entertainment device (e.g., music device, video device, satellite radio, etc.), vehicle component or sensor, in some embodiments, wireless sensor, smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing device, global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. Some UEs may be considered Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices or evolved MTC (eMTC) devices. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc. that may communicate with a BS, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. The wireless node may provide, for example, a connection to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the internet or a cellular network) or a connection to a network via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be considered internet of things (IoT) devices, which may be narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices.

In some examples, access to the air interface may be scheduled. A scheduling entity (e.g., BS) allocates resources for communication among some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. The scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communications, the subordinate entity utilizes the resources allocated by the scheduling entity. The base station is not the only entity that can be used as a scheduling entity. In some examples, a UE may serve as a scheduling entity and may schedule resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs) and the other UEs may communicate wirelessly using the resources scheduled by the UE. In some examples, the UE may be used as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and/or a mesh network. In a mesh network example, UEs may communicate directly with each other in addition to communicating with a scheduling entity.

The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving these methods. Method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified.

As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one" in a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including individual members. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with a plurality of the same elements (e.g., a-a-a, a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b-b, b-c, c-c, and c-c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Further, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and so forth. Further, "determining" may include parsing, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to a singular element is not intended to mean "one and only one" but "one or more". The term "some" means one or more unless specifically stated otherwise. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element should be construed in accordance with the specification of c.35. Unless the phrase "means for … …" is used to explicitly describe an element, or in the case of a method claim, the phrase "step for … …" is used to describe an element.

The various operations of the above-described methods may be performed by any suitable component capable of performing the corresponding functions. The component may include various hardware and/or software components and/or modules including, but not limited to, circuitry, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or a processor (e.g., a general purpose or specially programmed processor). Generally, where there are operations shown in the figures, those operations may have corresponding component-plus-function module assemblies with like numbers.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable Logic Device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

If implemented in hardware, an example hardware configuration may include a processing system in a wireless node. The processing system may be implemented with a bus architecture. The bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints. The bus may link together various circuits including processors, machine-readable media, and bus interfaces. The bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter or the like to the processing system via the bus. The network adapter may be used to implement the signal processing functions of the PHY layer. In the case of a user terminal (see fig. 1), a user interface (e.g., keyboard, display, mouse, joystick, etc.) may also be connected to the bus. The bus may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further. A processor may be implemented with one or more general-purpose and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to best implement the described functionality of the processing system depending on the particular application and overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.

If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terminology, software should be broadly construed to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general-purpose processing, including the execution of software modules stored on a machine-readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. By way of example, machine-readable media may comprise a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that are separate from the wireless node, all of which may be accessed by a processor through a bus interface. Alternatively or additionally, the machine-readable medium, or any portion thereof, may be integrated into the processor, such as may be the case with a cache and/or a general purpose register file. By way of example, a machine-readable storage medium may comprise RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read only memory), PROM (programmable read only memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), registers, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a hard disk drive, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof. The machine readable medium may be embodied in a computer program product.

A software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media. The computer readable medium may include a plurality of software modules. The software modules include instructions that, when executed by a device, such as a processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions. The software modules may include a transmission module and a reception module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices. As an example, when a trigger event occurs, a software module may be loaded from a hard disk drive into RAM. During execution of the software module, the processor may load some of the instructions into the cache to increase access speed. One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general purpose register file for execution by the processor. When reference is made below to the function of a software module, it will be understood that such function is implemented by the processor when executing instructions from the software module.

Further, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as Infrared (IR), radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and optical disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Thus, in some aspects, a computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a tangible medium). Additionally, for other aspects, the computer-readable medium may include a transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a signal). Combinations of the above should also be considered as examples of the computer-readable media.

Accordingly, certain aspects may include a computer program product for performing the operations presented herein. For example, such a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium having instructions stored (and/or encoded) thereon that are executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein, e.g., instructions for performing the operations described herein and shown in fig. 8-11.

Furthermore, it should be understood that modules and/or other suitable components for performing the methods and techniques described herein may be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and/or base station, as applicable. For example, such an apparatus may be coupled to a server to facilitate transmission of components for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, the various methods described herein may be provided via components (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a Compact Disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a user terminal and/or base station may obtain the various methods when the components are coupled or provided to the device. Further, any other suitable technique for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device may be utilized.

It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown above. Various modifications, changes, and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods and apparatus described above.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE) to a Base Station (BS), comprising:

determining, by the UE, one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS;

updating, by the UE, a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including at least one of:

the UE or the BS height;

the location of the UE or the BS;

UE speed; or (b)

UE trajectory; and

and transmitting an uplink signal on a resource determined using the new uplink timing advance.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the one or more parameters further comprises: the one or more parameters are received from the BS, wherein the one or more parameters are based on information provided by an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters comprise a BS time shift between an uplink time interval and a downlink time interval, the time shift indicating whether the uplink time interval is aligned with the downlink time interval at the BS.

4. A method according to claim 3, further comprising: a System Information Broadcast (SIB) is received from the BS, the SIB indicating one or more of the height of the BS, the location of the BS, or the BS time shift.

5. A method according to claim 3, further comprising: one or more of the altitude of the BS, the position of the BS, or the BS time shift is received via one of:

message B (MsgB) of a 2-step Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure; or (b)

Message 2 (Msg 2) of the 4-step RACH procedure.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein a plurality of BS identifiers are stored on the UE, wherein each BS identifier of the plurality of BS identifiers corresponds to a particular BS, and wherein a first BS identifier indicates one or more of the elevation of the BS or the location of the BS.

7. A method according to claim 3, further comprising: a report is sent to the BS, the report including an indication of accuracy of one or more of the UE height or the UE coordinates.

8. A method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE) to a Base Station (BS), comprising:

receiving from the BS:

timing advance drift rate data based on UE-specific parameters, the one or more parameters including at least one of:

the UE or the BS height;

the location of the UE or the BS;

UE speed; or (b)

UE trajectory; or (b)

A timing advance command;

updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance in response to the timing advance command, wherein the updating is based on the timing advance drift rate and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance; and

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

receiving a request from the BS to provide UE-specific parameters to the BS for the UE; and

the UE-specific parameters are sent to the BS in response to the request.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: the UE-specific parameters are determined using a device integrated into the UE.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting UE-specific parameters to the BS further comprises: the UE-specific parameters are transmitted via a Radio Resource Control (RRC), a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the UE-specific parameters comprise information provided by an automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B).

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the timing advance command comprises a request for the UE to update the previous uplink timing advance.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the request is received via one or more of Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

15. The method of claim 8, wherein the timing advance drift rate data is received via a Radio Resource Control (RRC), downlink Control Information (DCI), or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

16. A method for wireless communication by a Base Station (BS) to a User Equipment (UE), comprising:

transmitting, to the UE, one or more parameters indicative of a location of the BS, the one or more parameters including at least one of a height of the BS or coordinates of the BS; and

An uplink communication is received from the UE, the uplink communication being transmitted in accordance with a timing advance determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters comprise an indication of BS time shift between an uplink time interval and a downlink time interval, the time shift indicating whether the uplink time interval is aligned with the downlink time interval at the BS.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters are transmitted via a System Information Broadcast (SIB), message B (MsgB) of a 2-step Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, or message 2 (Msg 2) of a 4-step RACH procedure.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising: a report is received from the UE that includes an indication of an accuracy of a device on the UE, wherein the device is configured to provide one or more of a height of the UE or a location of the UE.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the timing advance is determined based at least in part on the one or more parameters and one or more UE-specific parameters.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein the BS is a fixed location terrestrial BS, and wherein the UE is an air vehicle.

22. A method for wireless communication by a Base Station (BS) to a User Equipment (UE), comprising:

receiving UE-specific parameters from the UE, the UE-specific parameters including at least one of:

the height of the UE;

the location of the UE;

UE speed; or (b)

UE trajectory;

determining a timing advance drift rate based at least in part on the UE-specific parameter, the timing advance drift rate indicating a rate at which uplink transmissions from the UE drift from timing synchronization with the BS; and

and sending the timing advance drift rate to the UE.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising: a request for the UE-specific parameters is sent to the UE, wherein the UE-specific parameters are received in response to the request.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the request is sent via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message or a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein:

The RRC message is configured to cause the UE to periodically transmit UE-specific parameters to the BS; and

the DCI message is configured to trigger the UE to send a single update of UE-specific information in response to the request.

26. The method of claim 22, further comprising: a timing advance command is sent with the timing advance drift rate, wherein the timing advance command is configured to cause the UE to update a timing advance for sending uplink communications.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the timing advance command and the timing advance drift rate are conveyed via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), or a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein the UE-specific parameter is determined by a device integrated into the UE.

29. The method of claim 22, further comprising: the UE-specific parameters are received via a Radio Resource Control (RRC), a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), or Uplink Control Information (UCI).

30. The method of claim 22, further comprising receiving the UE-specific parameters via an auto-correlation monitoring broadcast (ADS-B).

31. A User Equipment (UE), comprising:

a memory; and

a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to:

determining one or more parameters indicative of movement of the UE relative to the BS;

updating a previous uplink timing advance to a new uplink timing advance, wherein the updating is based on the one or more parameters, and the new uplink timing advance is a change in uplink transmission timing relative to the previous uplink timing advance, the one or more parameters including at least one of:

the UE or the BS height;

the location of the UE or the BS;

UE speed; or (b)

UE trajectory; and

32. A User Equipment (UE), comprising:

a memory; and

a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to:

receiving from the BS:

the UE or the BS height;

The location of the UE or the BS;

UE speed; or (b)

UE trajectory; or (b)

A timing advance command;

33. A Base Station (BS), comprising:

a memory; and

a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to:

34. A Base Station (BS), comprising:

a memory; and

a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and the memory configured to:

the height of the UE;

the location of the UE;

UE speed; or (b)

UE trajectory;

and sending the timing advance drift rate to the UE.