CN117136276A - 具有向外打开的阀关闭元件的气体阀 - Google Patents

具有向外打开的阀关闭元件的气体阀 Download PDF

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CN117136276A
CN117136276A CN202280026540.XA CN202280026540A CN117136276A CN 117136276 A CN117136276 A CN 117136276A CN 202280026540 A CN202280026540 A CN 202280026540A CN 117136276 A CN117136276 A CN 117136276A
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valve
closing element
gas
valve closing
sealing seat
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M·马尔津齐克
G·辛德豪夫
A·克宁格
B·西沃特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/12Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with streamlined valve member around which the fluid flows when the valve is opened
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0257Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0269Outwardly opening valves, e.g. poppet valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0275Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种气体阀(1),包括:‑至少区段地空心柱形实施的阀体(2),所述阀体形成密封座(3),气流路径(4)引导通过所述密封座,‑区段地接收在所述阀体(2)中的能往复运动的阀关闭元件(5),该阀关闭元件具有布置在所述阀体(2)外的盘状的端部区段(6),所述盘状的端部区段与所述密封座(3)共同作用,‑至少区段地包围所述阀体(2)和所述阀关闭元件(5)的套筒(7),所述套筒与所述阀关闭元件(5)的盘状的端部区段(6)一起限界环形间隙(8),所述环形间隙在所述气流路径(4)中形成位于所述密封座(3)下游的节流部位。

Description

具有向外打开的阀关闭元件的气体阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有向外打开的阀关闭元件的气体阀。借助气体阀,例如天然气可以吹入到内燃机的燃烧室中或吹入到位于燃烧室上游的进气道中。此外,借助气体阀可以将氢气配量到燃料电池系统的阳极回路中。因此,待吹入的或待配量的气体尤其可以燃料。然而,不排除其它应用领域。
背景技术
在现有技术中,用于液态和/或气态燃料的喷射阀在多种实施方案中得到说明,这样的喷射阀包括具有向外打开的阀关闭元件。通常,可电操控的促动器,例如压电促动器或磁促动器将阀关闭元件从其密封座压出。在此,促动器力可以直接或间接地、尤其液压传递地作用到阀关闭元件上。此外,可以使用伺服原理用于间接操控。同样已知如下实施方案,其中阀关闭元件通过待引入的介质的压力升高纯液压地打开,即所谓的压力控制系统。
如果要喷射或者说吹入气体,挑战在于一方面精确地调设质量流,另一方面有针对性地控制气体射流或者说气体射束的吹入方向。因为气流对在阀出口上存在的反向压力特别敏感地响应。如果在阀出口上作用有亚临界压力比,则尤其是这种情况。因此,为了提高配量精度,出口开口的横截面可以选择得小,使得由于受限的质量流在阀出口上出现超临界压力比。当然,这会导致限制射流成形或射流引导的可能性。该目标冲突应当解决。
由公开文件DE 10 2014 224 344 A1示例性地给出一种气体喷射器,用于将气态燃料直接吹入到内燃机的燃烧室中,该气体喷射器具有向外打开的阀关闭元件和射流引导元件,所述射流引导元件设置为用于成形吹入到燃烧室中的气体射流。为此,射流引导元件位于用于阀关闭元件的密封座下游。质量流通过密封座和阀关闭元件之间的开口横截面来调设。因为该开口横截面由于磨损引起地会随着时间变化,所以质量流随着时间推移的精确调设是困难的。
发明内容
本发明具有以下任务,给出一种具有向外打开的阀关闭元件的气体阀,该气体阀不但能够实现有针对性的射流成形或者说射流引导,而且能够在吹入气体,例如天然气或氢气时实现精确配量。
为了解决该任务,提出一种具有权利要求1特征的气体阀。本发明的有利扩展方案能够由从属权利要求得出。
所提出的气体阀包括:
-至少区段地空心柱形实施的阀体,该阀体形成密封座,气流路径引导通过该密封座,
-区段地接收在阀体中的可往复运动的阀关闭元件,该阀关闭元件具有布置在阀体外的盘状的端部区段,该盘状的端部区段与密封座共同作用,
-至少区段地包围阀体和阀关闭元件的套筒,所述套筒与阀关闭元件的盘状的端部区段一起限界环形间隙,该环形间隙在气流路径中形成位于密封座下游的节流部位。
通过位于密封座下游的节流部位可以调设质量流,该质量流通过气体阀排出。因为该与密封座不同的部位不会经受任何磨损或仅经受小的磨损,所以也可以确保随着时间推移精确地调设质量流。通过限界环形间隙的面可以非常精确地调设质量流。
对于通过节流部位调设质量流的前提是气体阀如此程度地打开,使得密封座被取消节流。因为否则气体阀将形成限制质量流的另一节流部位。
此外优选地,气体阀如此设计,使得在阀关闭元件的最大行程时,形成节流部位的环形间隙的通流横截面小于在密封座的区域中的阀体与阀关闭元件之间的通流横截面。由此确保了质量流仅通过环形间隙限定。因此,密封座被免除了该功能,或者通常分配给密封座的功能在所提出的气体阀中转移到节流部位的区域中。
环形间隙的通流横截面优选如此测定尺寸,使得产生具有声速的气流,并且与作用的反向压力无关地出现超临界状态。
此外提出,环形间隙的通流横截面在阀关闭元件的整个行程上是相同大小的。这意味着通流横截面和从而通过节流部位的质量流在阀关闭元件的整个行程上不改变。为此,套筒在阀关闭元件的区域中具有恒定的内直径。
有利地,穿过阀体的气流路径经由密封座和环形间隙通到由套筒限界的腔室中。这意味着,气体不直接通过环形间隙排出,而是间接地通过将腔室与对应的吹入室连接的至少一个开口排出。该构型开启了如下可能性:进行有针对性的射流成形或者说引导,具体而言在远离节流部位的位置处。因此,功能质量流的调设和射流成形或者说引导彼此解耦。通过该解耦可以彼此独立地优化两个功能,使得不再存在开头所提及的目标冲突。
因此,在本发明的扩展方案中提出,套筒在端侧形成至少一个吹入开口,用于成形气体射流,该吹入开口的通流横截面大于环形间隙的通流横截面。因此,所述至少一个吹入开口没有配量功能,而是仅用于射流成形和射流引导。由于功能的解耦,可以自由构型所述至少一个吹入开口。例如可以设置多个吹入开口。此外,可以改变尺寸和/或形状。开口例如可以锥形地成形。
根据本发明的一个优选构型,吹入开口被相对于气体阀的纵轴线A成角度地定向的至少一个流动引导面限界。通过成角度布置的流动引导面不但可以实现气体射流的成形,而且实现气体射流的转向。在此,吹入开口的构型也可以如此进行,使得开口横截面对于气体射流释放非常大的角度范围,例如>90°的角度范围。
此外提出,密封座锥形地实施并且朝向阀关闭元件的盘状端部区段打开。以这种方式,密封座能够使得阀关闭元件在关闭时自对中。
优选地,阀关闭元件的盘状端部区段形成与密封座共同作用的密封面,该密封面优选是倒圆的。在这种情况下,密封面仅通过环绕的接触线与密封座接触,这促进了阀关闭元件相对于密封座的自对中。
此外优选地,栓状或针状的区段衔接到阀关闭元件的盘状端部区段上,阀关闭元件通过该栓状或针状的区段引导。该引导确保套筒和阀关闭元件之间的环形间隙是环绕地相同大小的并且在阀关闭元件的行程中也保持相同大小。因为当前通过环形间隙调设质量流。
附图说明
下面根据附图更详细地阐述本发明的优选实施方式。附图示出了根据本发明的气体阀在用于向外打开的阀关闭元件的密封座的区域中的示意性的纵截面。
具体实施方式
在图中示出的气体阀1具有至少区段地空心柱形构造的阀体2。阀体2在端侧形成密封座3,气流路径4引导通过该密封座。在阀体2中接收有具有盘状端部区段6的阀关闭元件5,其中,盘状端部区段6伸入到腔室9中,该腔室通过布置在阀体2上的套筒7限界。这导致在套筒7和盘状的端部区段6之间形成环形间隙8。当气阀1完全打开时,环形间隙8的通流横截面小于在密封座3的区域中的阀体2与阀关闭元件5之间的通流横截面,使得环形间隙8在气流路径4中形成节流部位。该节流部位限制通过气体阀1的质量流,使得通过环形间隙8或限界环形间隙8的面能够精确地调设质量流。
射流成形或者说射流引导与通过设置在套筒7中的吹入开口10调设质量流无关地引起,处于腔室9中的气体通过所述吹入开口排出。吹入开口10被流动引导面11限界,该流动引导面相对于气体阀1的纵轴线A倾斜地定向,使得由此形成的气体射流有针对性地被转向。吹入开口的位置、形状和大小可以自由选择,因为吹入开口不用于调设质量流。此外,也可以设置多个吹入开口10。
所示的气体阀1的阀关闭元件5除了盘状端部区段6外还具有栓状或针状的区段13,阀关闭元件5通过该栓状或针状的区段在阀体2中引导。该引导确保在盘状端部区段6与套筒7之间的环形间隙8是环绕地相同宽的。这关于质量流的精确调设是重要的。借助引导尤其可以防止阀关闭元件5在打开时的倾斜位置。
此外,阀关闭元件5当前还经历一种“引导”,其方式是:密封座3是锥形的,并且阀关闭元件5的在盘状端部区段6上形成的密封面12倒圆地实施。因为以这种方式实现阀关闭元件5相对于密封座3的自对中。

Claims (9)

1.一种气体阀(1),包括:
-至少区段地空心柱形实施的阀体(2),所述阀体形成密封座(3),气流路径(4)引导通过所述密封座,
-区段地接收在所述阀体(2)中的能往复运动的阀关闭元件(5),所述阀关闭元件具有布置在所述阀体(2)外的盘状端部区段(6),所述盘状的端部区段与所述密封座(3)共同作用,
-至少区段地包围所述阀体(2)和所述阀关闭元件(5)的套筒(7),所述套筒与所述阀关闭元件(5)的盘状端部区段(6)一起限界环形间隙(8),所述环形间隙在所述气流路径(4)中形成位于所述密封座(3)下游的节流部位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,在所述阀关闭元件(5)的最大行程时,所述环形间隙(8)的通流横截面小于在所述密封座(3)的区域中在所述阀体(2)与所述阀关闭元件(5)之间的通流横截面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,所述环形间隙(8)的通流横截面在所述阀关闭元件(5)的整个行程上是相同大小的。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,穿过所述阀体(2)的气流路径(4)经由所述密封座(3)和所述环形间隙(8)通到腔室(9)中,所述腔室通过所述套筒(7)限界。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,所述套筒(7)在端侧形成至少一个吹入开口(10),用于成形气体射流,所述吹入开口的通流横截面大于所述环形间隙(8)的通流横截面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,所述吹入开口(10)被至少一个流动引导面(11)限界,所述流动引导面相对于所述气体阀(1)的纵轴线(A)成角度地定向。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,所述密封座(3)锥形地实施并且朝向所述阀关闭元件(5)的盘状端部区段(6)打开。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,所述盘状端部区段(6)形成与所述密封座(3)共同作用的密封面(12),所述密封面优选是倒圆的。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体阀(1),
其特征在于,栓状或针状的区段(13)衔接到所述盘状端部区段(6)上,所述阀关闭元件(5)通过所述栓状或针状的区段引导。
CN202280026540.XA 2021-02-05 2022-01-31 具有向外打开的阀关闭元件的气体阀 Pending CN117136276A (zh)

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PCT/EP2022/052172 WO2022167355A1 (de) 2021-02-05 2022-01-31 GASVENTIL MIT NACH AUßEN ÖFFNENDEM VENTILSCHLIEßELEMENT

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DE102023000663B3 (de) 2023-02-24 2024-06-20 Joachim Böhme Kraftstoffzuführungssystem für eine fremdgezündete gasbetriebene Brennkraftmaschine und eine damit ausgerüstete Brennkraftmaschine

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AT255212B (de) 1963-05-17 1967-06-26 Hans Dipl Ing Dr Techn List Gas-Ottomotor
DE3734737A1 (de) * 1986-10-14 1988-04-21 Orbital Eng Pty Brennstoffeinspritzsystem und mit diesem ausgeruestete verbrennungsmaschine
US7451942B2 (en) * 2003-10-20 2008-11-18 Digicon, Inc. Direct fuel injector assembly for a compressible natural gas engine
DE102014224344A1 (de) 2014-11-28 2016-06-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gasinjektor mit nach außen öffnendem Ventilschließelement
DE102015225216A1 (de) 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Injektoranordnung mit Gasinjektor

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