CN117134822A - Optical fiber polarization mode dispersion test system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及光通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种光纤偏振模色散测试系统及方法。The invention relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to an optical fiber polarization mode dispersion testing system and method.
背景技术Background technique
单模光纤在理想情况下是仅支持一种模式的均匀介质，然而由于双折射，传播模式退化为采用正交偏振的两种传输模式，并定义了两个主要偏振态(PSP)。这两个PSP以不同的速度传播，到达光纤输出端的时间不同，由此导致脉冲展宽和信号失真。两个PSP到达光纤输出端的时间差称为差分群时延(DGD)。确定光纤的PMD可帮助确定光纤传输的容量，以及用于PMD补偿器的设计和控制。Single-mode fiber is ideally a homogeneous medium that supports only one mode. However, due to birefringence, the propagation mode degenerates into two transmission modes with orthogonal polarization and defines two primary states of polarization (PSP). The two PSPs propagate at different speeds and arrive at the fiber output at different times, resulting in pulse broadening and signal distortion. The time difference between two PSPs arriving at the fiber output is called differential group delay (DGD). Determining the PMD of an optical fiber can help determine the capacity of optical fiber transmission, as well as for the design and control of PMD compensators.
由国标GBT15972.48-2016光纤试验方法规范第48部分规定的光纤偏振模色散测试方法可知，目前常用的PMD测量方法包括干涉法。干涉法是将宽带光源经一个受测装置(DUT)发送至干涉仪中，常用的干涉仪如迈克尔逊干涉仪包括分光器、固定反射镜和可移动反射镜，分光器将光线分离为两束，固定反射镜和可移动反射镜各自反射一束光，然后再将两束光重新复合为复合光。由于可移动反射镜不断改变位置，改变一束光通过的光路长度，从而改变两个干涉臂之间的光程差，使两束光在复合时相干涉，复合光离开干涉仪后生成干涉图。在传统干涉法中，平均DGD值由干涉条纹包络计算获得。然而，获得的条纹包络是两个函数的组合，必须使用一种算法来试图去除不包含PMD信息的中心自相关峰值。通用干涉法则可以借助偏振分束器，获得没有中心峰值的干涉图。According to the optical fiber polarization mode dispersion test method specified in Part 48 of the national standard GBT15972.48-2016 Optical fiber test method specification, currently commonly used PMD measurement methods include interference methods. Interferometry is to send a broadband light source to an interferometer through a device under test (DUT). Commonly used interferometers such as Michelson interferometers include a beam splitter, a fixed reflector and a movable reflector. The beam splitter separates the light into two beams. , the fixed reflector and the movable reflector each reflect a beam of light, and then the two beams of light are recombined into composite light. Since the movable mirror constantly changes its position, changing the length of the optical path through which a beam of light passes, thereby changing the optical path difference between the two interference arms, causing the two beams of light to interfere when recombining, and the composite light will generate an interference pattern after leaving the interferometer. . In traditional interferometry, the average DGD value is calculated from the interference fringe envelope. However, the fringe envelope obtained is a combination of two functions, and an algorithm must be used to try to remove the central autocorrelation peak that does not contain PMD information. The universal interference law can be used to obtain an interference pattern without a central peak with the help of a polarizing beam splitter.
由于现有干涉法采用的干涉仪包括反射镜等光学元器件，存在将空间光耦合进光纤中较为困难、耦合效率低等问题，此外获得的干涉图还易受环境振动的影响。Since the interferometer used in the existing interferometry method includes optical components such as mirrors, it is difficult to couple spatial light into the optical fiber and the coupling efficiency is low. In addition, the obtained interference pattern is also susceptible to environmental vibrations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述缺陷，本发明基于通用干涉法，提供一种全光纤测试系统来实现对偏振模色散的测量。In view of the above defects, the present invention provides an all-fiber testing system based on the universal interference method to realize the measurement of polarization mode dispersion.
本发明提供了一种光纤偏振模色散测试系统及方法，包括：宽带光源；起偏器，使来自所述宽带光源的光偏振，并将偏振光施加到受测装置的输入端；检偏器，用于检测离开所述受测装置输出端的光的偏振态，并将偏振光施加到光纤分路器的输入端；所述光纤分路器的第一输出端经光纤延迟线连接光纤合路器的第一输入端，所述光纤分路器的第二输出端连接所述光纤合路器的第二输入端；偏振光分束器，用于接收来自所述光纤合路器输出端的复合光，并将所述复合光分离为两个相互正交的偏振态的第一干涉图和第二干涉图；光检测器，用于将所述第一干涉图转换为第一干涉图电信号，或将所述第二干涉图转换为第二干涉图电信号；控制处理单元，用于处理所述第一干涉图电信号和/或第二干涉图电信号，计算出独立的自相关函数和互相关函数，并根据所述自相关函数和互相关函数确定所述受测装置的偏振模色散。The invention provides an optical fiber polarization mode dispersion testing system and method, which includes: a broadband light source; a polarizer to polarize the light from the broadband light source and apply the polarized light to the input end of the device under test; and a polarizer , used to detect the polarization state of the light leaving the output end of the device under test, and apply the polarized light to the input end of the optical fiber splitter; the first output end of the optical fiber splitter is connected to the optical fiber combiner through an optical fiber delay line The first input end of the optical fiber splitter, the second output end of the optical fiber splitter is connected to the second input end of the optical fiber combiner; the polarization beam splitter is used to receive the composite light from the output end of the optical fiber combiner. light, and separate the composite light into a first interference pattern and a second interference pattern of two mutually orthogonal polarization states; a photodetector for converting the first interference pattern into a first interference pattern electrical signal , or convert the second interference pattern into a second interference pattern electrical signal; control a processing unit for processing the first interference pattern electrical signal and/or the second interference pattern electrical signal, and calculate an independent autocorrelation function and a cross-correlation function, and determine the polarization mode dispersion of the device under test based on the autocorrelation function and the cross-correlation function.
优选地，所述受测装置为光纤。Preferably, the device under test is an optical fiber.
优选地，所述控制处理单元通过光纤偏振控制器改变所述光纤中光的偏振态。Preferably, the control processing unit changes the polarization state of the light in the optical fiber through an optical fiber polarization controller.
优选地，所述光纤分路器为1*2分路器，所述光纤合路器为2*1合路器。Preferably, the optical fiber splitter is a 1*2 splitter, and the optical fiber combiner is a 2*1 combiner.
本发明还提供了一种光纤偏振模色散测试方法，采用前述的测试系统，包括以下步骤：The invention also provides an optical fiber polarization mode dispersion testing method, which adopts the aforementioned testing system and includes the following steps:
S1、所述宽带光源输出光；S1. The broadband light source outputs light;
S2、所述光纤分路器将光分为两路，并由所述光纤延迟线调节两路光之间的光程差；S2. The optical fiber splitter divides the light into two paths, and the optical fiber delay line adjusts the optical path difference between the two paths of light;
S3、所述光纤合路器对具有一定光程差的两路光进行复合，形成复合光；S3. The optical fiber combiner combines two lights with a certain optical path difference to form composite light;
S4、所述偏振光分束器将所述复合光分离为两个相互正交的偏振态的第一干涉图和第二干涉图，并将所述第一干涉图提供给第一光检测器，将所述第二干涉图提供给第二光检测器，所述第一光检测器和第二光检测器完成光信号到电信号的转换，并将所述电信号提供给所述控制处理单元；S4. The polarization beam splitter separates the composite light into a first interference pattern and a second interference pattern of two mutually orthogonal polarization states, and provides the first interference pattern to the first light detector. , providing the second interference pattern to the second photodetector, the first photodetector and the second photodetector completing the conversion of optical signals into electrical signals, and providing the electrical signals to the control process unit;
S5、所述控制处理单元处理所述电信号，计算所述受测装置的偏振模色散。S5. The control processing unit processes the electrical signal and calculates the polarization mode dispersion of the device under test.
优选地，在上述步骤S5中，所述控制处理单元通过计算来自所述第一光检测器和第二光检测器的电信号的和与差，获得自相关函数和互相关函数，进而计算出所述受测装置的偏振模色散。Preferably, in the above step S5, the control processing unit obtains the autocorrelation function and the cross-correlation function by calculating the sum and difference of the electrical signals from the first photodetector and the second photodetector, and then calculates Polarization mode dispersion of the device under test.
本发明的有益之处在于：采用光纤分路器、光纤延迟线和光纤合路器代替现有干涉法采用的干涉仪，实现偏振模色散测试的全光纤结构，在调节两路光的光程差时，将可移动反射镜位置与相关函数的关系转变为光纤延迟线延迟时间与相关函数的关系，计算方法与通用干涉法相同。相较于现有技术，全光纤结构的抗干扰能力更强，无需光学对准，在不失稳定性和精度的前提下，实现即连即用，搭建和操作更为简易，同时使整体结构更加小型化。The benefit of the present invention is that it uses an optical fiber splitter, an optical fiber delay line and an optical fiber combiner to replace the interferometer used in the existing interference method, realizes an all-fiber structure for polarization mode dispersion testing, and adjusts the optical path of the two paths of light. When the error occurs, the relationship between the position of the movable mirror and the correlation function is transformed into the relationship between the delay time of the fiber delay line and the correlation function. The calculation method is the same as the general interference method. Compared with the existing technology, the all-fiber structure has stronger anti-interference ability and does not require optical alignment. It can be connected and used without losing stability and accuracy, and is easier to set up and operate. At the same time, the overall structure More miniaturized.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明光纤偏振模色散测试系统的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber polarization mode dispersion testing system of the present invention;
元件标号说明：Component label description:
1 宽带光源1 Broadband light source
2 起偏器2 polarizer
3 受测装置3 Device under test
4 检偏器4 analyzer
5 光纤分路器5 fiber optic splitter
6 光纤延迟线6 fiber optic delay lines
7 光纤合路器7 fiber optic combiner
8 偏振光分束器8 polarizing beam splitter
91 第一光检测器91 First light detector
92 第二光检测器92 Second light detector
10 控制处理单元10 control processing unit
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。这些实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
图1所示为本发明提供的光纤偏振模色散测试系统，包括宽带光源1、起偏器2、受测装置3、检偏器4、光纤分路器5、光纤延迟线6、光纤合路器7、偏振光分束器8、光检测器和控制处理单元10。其中，宽带光源1具体地可以为发光二极管、LED或超荧光光源。起偏器2使来自宽带光源1的光偏振，并将偏振光施加到受测装置3的输入端。在本发明的一个具体实施例中，受测装置3为光纤。检偏器4用于检测离开受测装置3输出端的光的偏振态，并将偏振光施加到光纤分路器5的输入端。Figure 1 shows the optical fiber polarization mode dispersion testing system provided by the present invention, including a broadband light source 1, a polarizer 2, a device under test 3, an analyzer 4, an optical fiber splitter 5, an optical fiber delay line 6, and an optical fiber combiner. 7, polarization beam splitter 8, photodetector and control processing unit 10. Wherein, the broadband light source 1 may specifically be a light emitting diode, LED or super fluorescent light source. The polarizer 2 polarizes the light from the broadband light source 1 and applies the polarized light to the input of the device under test 3 . In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the device 3 under test is an optical fiber. The polarizer 4 is used to detect the polarization state of the light leaving the output end of the device under test 3 and apply the polarized light to the input end of the optical fiber splitter 5 .
光纤分路器5为1*2分路器，光纤合路器7为2*1合路器。光纤分路器5的第一输出端经光纤延迟线6连接光纤合路器7的第一输入端，光纤分路器5的第二输出端连接光纤合路器7的第二输入端。光纤分路器5将从检偏器4接收的光分离为两路光，光纤延迟线6对其中一路光的光程进行延迟，进而调节两路光之间的光程差。光纤合路器7对两路光进行复合时，两路光相干涉。进一步地，光纤合路器7采用保偏光纤耦合器，保证两路光的偏振态一致。The optical fiber splitter 5 is a 1*2 splitter, and the optical fiber combiner 7 is a 2*1 combiner. The first output end of the optical fiber splitter 5 is connected to the first input end of the optical fiber combiner 7 via the optical fiber delay line 6 , and the second output end of the optical fiber splitter 5 is connected to the second input end of the optical fiber combiner 7 . The optical fiber splitter 5 separates the light received from the analyzer 4 into two paths of light, and the optical fiber delay line 6 delays the optical path of one of the paths of light, thereby adjusting the optical path difference between the two paths of light. When the optical fiber combiner 7 combines the two lights, the two lights interfere with each other. Further, the optical fiber combiner 7 uses a polarization-maintaining optical fiber coupler to ensure that the polarization states of the two paths of light are consistent.
偏振光分束器8用于接收来自光纤合路器7输出端的复合光，并将复合光分离为两个相互正交的偏振态的第一干涉图和第二干涉图。光检测器的数量为两个，包括第一光检测器91和第二光检测器92，第一光检测器91将第一干涉图转换为第一干涉图电信号，第二光检测器92将第二干涉图转换为第二干涉图电信号，第一干涉图电信号和第二干涉图电信号被放大后提供给控制处理单元10。控制处理单元10处理第一干涉图电信号和/或第二干涉图电信号，提取出两个偏振态的干涉图，计算出独立的自相关函数和互相关函数，并根据自相关函数和互相关函数确定受测装置3的偏振模色散。The polarizing beam splitter 8 is used to receive the composite light from the output end of the optical fiber combiner 7 and separate the composite light into a first interference pattern and a second interference pattern of two mutually orthogonal polarization states. The number of photodetectors is two, including a first photodetector 91 and a second photodetector 92. The first photodetector 91 converts the first interference pattern into a first interference pattern electrical signal, and the second photodetector 92 The second interference pattern is converted into a second interference pattern electrical signal, and the first interference pattern electrical signal and the second interference pattern electrical signal are amplified and provided to the control processing unit 10 . The control processing unit 10 processes the first interference pattern electrical signal and/or the second interference pattern electrical signal, extracts the interference patterns of the two polarization states, calculates independent autocorrelation functions and cross-correlation functions, and calculates the independent autocorrelation function and cross-correlation function according to the autocorrelation function and the cross-correlation function. The correlation function determines the polarization mode dispersion of the device 3 under test.
控制处理单元10的形式并不局限，可采用现有的如PLC控制器或单片机，而控制处理单元10进行信号处理分析和计算的技术均为本领域技术人员能够实现的现有技术，在此不再赘述。进一步地，控制处理单元10还通过光纤偏振控制器改变受测光纤中光的偏振态。现有的光纤偏振控制器通过将光纤缠绕在圆形盘上或者通过挤压光纤产生应力双折射，从而形成独立的波片，改变光纤中传输的光的偏振态。The form of the control processing unit 10 is not limited, and existing ones such as PLC controllers or microcontrollers can be used, and the technologies used by the control processing unit 10 to perform signal processing analysis and calculations are all existing technologies that can be implemented by those skilled in the art. No longer. Furthermore, the control processing unit 10 also changes the polarization state of the light in the optical fiber under test through the optical fiber polarization controller. Existing fiber polarization controllers create stress birefringence by winding the fiber around a circular disk or by squeezing the fiber to form an independent wave plate and change the polarization state of the light transmitted in the fiber.
本发明还提供了一种光纤偏振模色散测试方法，该方法采用前述测试系统，包括以下步骤：The invention also provides an optical fiber polarization mode dispersion testing method, which adopts the aforementioned testing system and includes the following steps:
S1、宽带光源1输出光。S1. Broadband light source 1 outputs light.
S2、光纤分路器5将光分为两路，并由光纤延迟线6调节两路光之间的光程差。S2. The optical fiber splitter 5 divides the light into two paths, and the optical fiber delay line 6 adjusts the optical path difference between the two paths of light.
S3、光纤合路器7对具有一定光程差的两路光进行复合，形成复合光。S3. The optical fiber combiner 7 combines two lights with a certain optical path difference to form composite light.
S4、偏振光分束器8将复合光分离为两个相互正交的偏振态的第一干涉图和第二干涉图，并将第一干涉图提供给第一光检测器91，将第二干涉图提供给第二光检测器92，第一光检测器91和第二光检测器92完成光信号到电信号的转换，并将电信号提供给控制处理单元10。S4. The polarization beam splitter 8 separates the composite light into a first interference pattern and a second interference pattern of two mutually orthogonal polarization states, and provides the first interference pattern to the first photodetector 91, and the second interference pattern. The interference pattern is provided to the second photodetector 92 , and the first photodetector 91 and the second photodetector 92 complete the conversion of the optical signal into an electrical signal, and provide the electrical signal to the control processing unit 10 .
S5、控制处理单元10处理电信号，计算受测装置3的偏振模色散。S5. The control processing unit 10 processes the electrical signal and calculates the polarization mode dispersion of the device under test 3.
进一步地，在上述步骤S5中，控制处理单元10通过计算来自第一光检测器91和第二光检测器92的电信号的和与差，获得自相关函数和互相关函数，进而计算出受测装置3的偏振模色散。具体的计算方法为现有技术，国标GBT15972.48-2016《光纤试验方法规范第48部分：传输特性和光学特性的测量方法和试验程序偏振模色散》中有详细记载，在此不再赘述。Further, in the above step S5, the control processing unit 10 obtains the autocorrelation function and the cross-correlation function by calculating the sum and difference of the electrical signals from the first photodetector 91 and the second photodetector 92, and then calculates the received Measure the polarization mode dispersion of device 3. The specific calculation method is the existing technology and is recorded in detail in the national standard GBT15972.48-2016 "Specification for Optical Fiber Test Methods Part 48: Measurement Methods and Test Procedures for Transmission Characteristics and Optical Characteristics Polarization Mode Dispersion" and will not be repeated here.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those of ordinary skill in the art can also make several improvements and substitutions without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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