CN117134599A - Environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method adapting to generator - Google Patents

Environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method adapting to generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117134599A
CN117134599A CN202310969525.5A CN202310969525A CN117134599A CN 117134599 A CN117134599 A CN 117134599A CN 202310969525 A CN202310969525 A CN 202310969525A CN 117134599 A CN117134599 A CN 117134599A
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China
Prior art keywords
generator
grid
gcb
environment
arc
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Pending
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CN202310969525.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
温伟杰
胡铁伟
李斌
范晶涵
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Publication of CN117134599A publication Critical patent/CN117134599A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/346Passive non-dissipative snubbers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure, which comprises a rapid switch and a power electronic damping module which are connected in series, wherein the power electronic damping module comprises two fully-controlled device IGBT branches, an RC buffer branch and a zinc oxide arrester voltage limiting branch which are connected in parallel, and the two fully-controlled device IGBT branches are connected in reverse series. The invention also relates to a parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method of the environment-friendly rapid GCB adaptive generator. The invention has scientific and reasonable design, avoids the contradiction between the arcing of the mechanical switch in the operation of the generator and/or off-grid and the frequent operation of the quick switch and the short mechanical life of the quick switch.

Description

Environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method adapting to generator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage electrical equipment manufacturing, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and a parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method for an adaptive generator thereof.
Background
With the continuous advance of the capacities of the pumping and storage unit and the nuclear power unit to 300MW, 600MW and even 1000MW, the high-capacity GCB becomes core equipment for guaranteeing the safe operation of the generator and the transformer.
The rated current/break-off current (38 kA/200 kA) of the SF6 type GCB is obviously higher than that of other GCB, the SF6 gas arc pressure is up to several kilovolts, the damping of the direct current component can be realized, the current zero crossing point is accelerated, the problems of huge amplitude of the outlet short circuit current of the high-capacity generator, high direct current component, uncertain zero crossing time and the like are solved, and the method is a main stream technical scheme of the existing high-capacity GCB. However, SF6 type large-capacity GCB is monopolized by foreign companies such as ABB and the like for a long time; SF6 gas has a strong greenhouse effect and its global warming potential is 23500 times that of carbon dioxide. Thus, vacuum type GCB is considered as a viable alternative to SF6 type GCB as an environmentally friendly GCB.
However, in practical generator sets, especially pumping and accumulating sets, frequent start-stop and working condition switching of the generator also causes the problem of frequent operation of the vacuum type GCB. Taking the pumping and accumulating power station shown in fig. 1 as an example, the core equipment is a reversible water pump turbine. In the conventional working condition conversion strategy, when the pumping and accumulating unit is converted from electric power to power generation working condition, the working procedures are shown in fig. 2 (a), the unit is separated after the GCB is separated, the rotating wheel is impacted by water flow to reduce the speed, and the rotating speed is turned into the direction of the generator after passing through zero value. After synchronization is adjusted, a phase change switch is used for switching off and phase change, and finally GCB is used for switching on, and a unit grid is used as a generator to operate; the working procedure of the pumping and accumulating unit is shown in the figure 2 (b) when the power generation is converted into the electric working condition, after the load of the water turbine is discharged, the GCB is switched off, the unit is off the net, the spherical valve and the guide vane are closed, the rotating wheel is decelerated by the impact action of the water flow in the rotating wheel chamber, the machine is stopped by electric braking or mechanical braking acceleration, then the static frequency converter is put into the machine, the unit is enabled to rise to the rated rotation speed in the pump direction, the phase change switch is switched on for phase change, the GCB is switched on after the synchronous condition is met, the frequency conversion device is cut off, and the machine is connected with a net to serve as a motor for running. The pumping and accumulating unit generally converts working conditions for more than 6 times every day, and the switching-on and switching-off operation of the GCB cannot be carried out every time of working condition conversion. Taking the fast-response Dinorwig pumping and accumulating unit as an example, 6X 300MW is installed, which is designed by converting 15000 times according to the average working condition of the year, namely 40 times in average one day. Although the fast mechanical switch operating speed in vacuum GCB is improved by one order of magnitude compared to conventional mechanical switches, the hundred kN operating mechanical force and the 10g level acceleration result in a mechanical lifetime (2000-5000 times) much smaller than conventional mechanical switches (10 tens of thousands times).
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a generator parallel/off-grid zero arc flexible operation method adapted to the environment-friendly rapid GCB, so as to solve the contradiction between frequent generator parallel/off-grid operation and short service life of the rapid mechanical switch in the vacuum GCB.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides an environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and a parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method for adapting the same to a generator, so as to solve the contradiction between frequent parallel/off-grid operation of the generator and short service life of a rapid mechanical switch in a vacuum GCB.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical proposal:
an environment-friendly rapid GCB topology structure, which is characterized in that: the fast switch and the power electronic damping module are connected in series, the power electronic damping module comprises two fully-controlled device IGBT branches, an RC buffer branch and a zinc oxide arrester voltage limiting branch which are connected in parallel, and the two fully-controlled device IGBT branches are connected in reverse series.
Moreover, the fast switch adopts the configuration of a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and an ultra-high-speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
And the voltage of the zinc oxide arrester in the voltage limiting branch circuit of the zinc oxide arrester is 1.2-4.5 kV.
The parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method of the environment-friendly rapid GCB adaptive generator adapts to the environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure, two ends of the environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure are respectively connected with the generator and the main transformer, and an isolating switch is arranged between the environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and the main transformer; the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a grid-connected command is sent, a fast switch keeps switching on, the fully-controlled device IGBT keeps switching off, the voltage limiting branch of the zinc oxide arrester flows through residual current, a generator speed regulation and excitation system is adjusted until E, U and delta meet the arc-free grid-connected condition, if so, the isolating switch is switched on, the fully-controlled device IGBT is conducted, normal load current flows, and the generator finishes grid-connected operation;
and sending out an off-grid command, switching off the fully-controlled device IGBT, transferring load current to the voltage limiting branch of the zinc oxide arrester to form residual current, adjusting the speed regulation and excitation system of the generator until E, U and delta meet the arc-free off-grid condition, switching off the isolating switch to cut off the residual current if the arc-free off-grid condition is met, and finishing off-grid operation of the generator.
In addition, during grid connection, according to a synchronous generator device, the internal potential E of the generator to be connected, the system bus voltage U and the generator power angle delta are obtained; when the power grid is off-grid, the power angle delta of the generator to be off-grid is obtained according to the rotor angle direct measurement device, the bus voltage U of the system is detected according to the synchronous device, the exciting current is detected according to the exciting system, and the corresponding generator internal potential E is obtained through the no-load characteristic curve.
Moreover, the obtained internal potential E of the generator to be operated and the voltage U on the system bus and the obtained power angle delta meet the conditions of no arc and/or off-grid:
wherein: e is the internal potential of the generator;
u is the voltage on a system bus;
k is the main transformation ratio;
delta is the power angle between the internal potential of the generator and the voltage on the system bus;
f U (x) The function relation is the nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic of the zinc oxide lightning arrester;
I QSM the small current capacity is rated for opening and closing of the isolating switch.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and the parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method of the adaptive generator thereof can avoid the contradiction between the arcing of a mechanical switch and the frequent operation of the rapid switch and the short mechanical life of the rapid switch in the parallel/off-grid operation of the generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main wiring of a pumping and storage station;
fig. 2 (a) is a working procedure diagram for converting the electric power of the pumping and accumulating unit into the power generation working condition, and fig. 2 (b) is a working procedure diagram for converting the electric power of the pumping and accumulating unit into the power generation working condition;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of an environment friendly GCB topology and its location in a power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 (a) is a flow chart of the grid-connected zero arc flexible operation of the generator according to the embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 4 (b) is a flow chart of the off-grid zero arc flexible operation of the generator according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 (a) is a grid-connected zero-arc flexible operation condition diagram of the generator according to the embodiment of the invention, and fig. 5 (b) is an off-grid zero-arc flexible operation condition diagram of the generator according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a PSCAD simulation model of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
As shown in fig. 3, an environment-friendly rapid GCB topology is innovative in that: the fast switch FMS and the power electronic damping module PEDM are connected in series, and the power electronic damping module comprises two fully-controlled device IGBT branches, an RC buffer branch and a zinc oxide arrester voltage limiting branch which are connected in parallel, wherein the two fully-controlled device IGBT branches are connected in reverse series.
The fast switch adopts the configuration of a vacuum arc extinguishing chamber and an ultra-high speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
The voltage of the zinc oxide arrester in the voltage limiting branch circuit of the zinc oxide arrester is 1.2-4.5 kV.
The two ends of the environment-friendly GCB topological structure are respectively connected with the generator and the main transformer, and a disconnecting switch QS is arranged between the environment-friendly GCB topological structure and the main transformer.
The method for flexibly operating the grid-connected zero arc of the generator is shown in fig. 4 (a) and 5 (a):
step S101: after the generator sends a grid-connected command, three-phase isolating switches are switched on after a period of time Tact (150-200 ms) of a few cycles, at the moment, the quick mechanical switch is in a switching-on state, the IGBT in the PEDM is in a switching-off state, and residual current formed by flowing through a zinc oxide branch circuit.
Step S102: and adjusting the speed regulation and excitation system of the generator until E, U and delta meet the arc-free grid connection condition.
Step S102: after the three-phase isolating switch is completely switched on, the IGBT is immediately turned on, the current is immediately transferred to the IGBT from the MOV branch, and at the moment, load current under normal working conditions flows on the IGBT and the isolating switch, so that grid-connected operation of the generator is realized.
The off-grid zero arc flexible operation method of the generator is shown in fig. 4 (b) and 5 (b):
step S201: after an off-grid command is sent out, the IGBT in the PEDM is turned off, and the load current is transferred to the RC buffer branch circuit from the IGBT and is further transferred to the zinc oxide branch circuit to form residual current.
Step S202: and adjusting the speed regulation and excitation system of the generator until E, U and delta meet the arc-free off-grid condition.
Step S203: the three-phase isolating switch cuts off residual current through the breaking time Tact (150-200 ms) to realize off-grid operation of the generator.
It should be noted that, in the operating condition of opening and closing the three-phase isolating switch in this embodiment, the relationship between the internal potential E of the generator to be operated, the voltage U on the system bus, and the obtained power angle δ is:
wherein: e is the internal potential of the generator;
u is the voltage on a system bus;
k is the main transformation ratio;
delta is the power angle between the internal potential of the generator and the voltage on the system bus;
f U (x) The function relation is the nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic of the zinc oxide lightning arrester;
I QSM the small current capacity is rated for opening and closing of the isolating switch.
The following is a description of the simulation example of fig. 6: because the outlet voltage of the generator is 18kV, the internal potential of the generator is approximately 18kV, the bus voltage of the system is 242kV, the main transformer ratio is 18/242, the power angle delta between the generator and the system is variable along with the operation working condition, and the reference voltage of the zinc oxide metal arrester is 2kV. The rated switching small current capacity of the isolating switch is 2A, and the voltage corresponding to the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the zinc oxide metal arrester is 2.16kV, so that the theoretically satisfied arc-free and/or off-grid conditions are as follows:
in summary, the embodiment of the invention controls the current of the IGBT on-off system, and cooperates with the residual current of the disconnecting switch to avoid the contradiction between the arcing of the mechanical switch and the frequent operation of the quick switch and the short mechanical life of the quick switch in the generator on-off network operation.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments and the disclosure of the drawings.

Claims (6)

1. An environment-friendly rapid GCB topology structure, which is characterized in that: the fast switch and the power electronic damping module are connected in series, the power electronic damping module comprises two fully-controlled device IGBT branches, an RC buffer branch and a zinc oxide arrester voltage limiting branch which are connected in parallel, and the two fully-controlled device IGBT branches are connected in reverse series.
2. The environment-friendly rapid GCB topology according to claim 1, wherein: the fast switch adopts the configuration of a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and an ultra-high speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanism.
3. The environment-friendly rapid GCB topology according to claim 1, wherein: the voltage of the zinc oxide arrester in the voltage limiting branch circuit of the zinc oxide arrester is 1.2-4.5 kV.
4. The parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method of the environment-friendly rapid GCB adaptive generator is characterized by comprising the following steps of: adapting to the environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein two ends of the environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure are respectively connected with a generator and a main transformer, and an isolating switch is arranged between the environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and the main transformer; the method comprises the following steps:
a grid-connected command is sent, a fast switch keeps switching on, the fully-controlled device IGBT keeps switching off, the voltage limiting branch of the zinc oxide arrester flows through residual current, a generator speed regulation and excitation system is adjusted until E, U and delta meet the arc-free grid-connected condition, if so, the isolating switch is switched on, the fully-controlled device IGBT is conducted, normal load current flows, and the generator finishes grid-connected operation;
and sending out an off-grid command, switching off the fully-controlled device IGBT, transferring load current to the voltage limiting branch of the zinc oxide arrester to form residual current, adjusting the speed regulation and excitation system of the generator until E, U and delta meet the arc-free off-grid condition, switching off the isolating switch to cut off the residual current if the arc-free off-grid condition is met, and finishing off-grid operation of the generator.
5. The method for parallel/off-grid zero arc flexible operation of an environmentally friendly fast GCB adapted generator of claim 4, wherein: when grid connection is performed, according to a synchronous generator device, acquiring the internal potential E of a generator to be grid-connected, the system bus voltage U and the generator power angle delta; when the power grid is off-grid, the power angle delta of the generator to be off-grid is obtained according to the rotor angle direct measurement device, the bus voltage U of the system is detected according to the synchronous device, the exciting current is detected according to the exciting system, and the corresponding generator internal potential E is obtained through the no-load characteristic curve.
6. The method for parallel/off-grid zero arc flexible operation of an environmentally friendly fast GCB adapted generator of claim 4, wherein: the electric potential E in the generator to be operated and the voltage U on the system bus are obtained, and the obtained power angle delta meets the conditions of no arc and/or off-grid:
wherein: e is the internal potential of the generator;
u is the voltage on a system bus;
k is the main transformation ratio;
delta is the power angle between the internal potential of the generator and the voltage on the system bus;
f U (x) The function relation is the nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic of the zinc oxide lightning arrester;
I QSM the small current capacity is rated for opening and closing of the isolating switch.
CN202310969525.5A 2023-08-03 2023-08-03 Environment-friendly rapid GCB topological structure and parallel/off-grid zero-arc flexible operation method adapting to generator Pending CN117134599A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106207953A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-12-07 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 Large power mixed dc circuit breaker
CN109873407A (en) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-11 北京交通大学 A kind of annular bridge-type multiport mixed DC breaker
CN215180592U (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-12-14 青岛海洋电气设备检测有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter internal short circuit fault tolerance performance test system
WO2023005142A1 (en) * 2021-07-26 2023-02-02 平高集团有限公司 Electromagnetic repulsion mechanism having redundancy design and switch device
WO2023035440A1 (en) * 2021-09-09 2023-03-16 株洲福德轨道交通研究院有限公司 Low-voltage hybrid direct-current circuit breaker

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106207953A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-12-07 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 Large power mixed dc circuit breaker
CN109873407A (en) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-11 北京交通大学 A kind of annular bridge-type multiport mixed DC breaker
CN215180592U (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-12-14 青岛海洋电气设备检测有限公司 Photovoltaic inverter internal short circuit fault tolerance performance test system
WO2023005142A1 (en) * 2021-07-26 2023-02-02 平高集团有限公司 Electromagnetic repulsion mechanism having redundancy design and switch device
WO2023035440A1 (en) * 2021-09-09 2023-03-16 株洲福德轨道交通研究院有限公司 Low-voltage hybrid direct-current circuit breaker

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