CN117131710B - Vibration data processing method for liquid rocket engine test turbopump - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing vibration data of a turbopump for a liquid rocket engine test, which comprises the following steps of S1, obtaining original data; s2, processing the original data to obtain a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array diagram and processed data; s3, comprehensively analyzing a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array chart and processed data; wherein, the comprehensive analysis process comprises: s31, determining an interpretation key factor; s32, performing preliminary interpretation according to the interpretation key factors; s33, analyzing the data change trend; the method comprises the steps of analyzing the overall periodical change trend of the processed data, and analyzing the rotating speed or the frequency conversion signal and the frequency distribution change signal by taking time as a clue. The invention can provide important reference and guiding direction for fault diagnosis and design optimization of the turbine pump.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of test and test of turbopumps of liquid rocket engines, in particular to a method for processing vibration data of a turbopump in a liquid rocket engine test.
Background
The turbo pump provides the power for the liquid rocket engine to launch and fly. According to related studies, about half of the liquid rocket engine failures are caused by turbo pumps. The turbine pump has a complex structure, and in the high-speed rotation test or operation process, transient intense noise and vibration are often accompanied, so that the difficulty of monitoring the flow state of the test site is extremely high. External characteristic data such as flow and lift obtained after the test are difficult to comprehensively reflect internal flow state change information in the running process of the turbine pump. The detection and analysis of vibration data provides a feasible and reliable technical method for detecting unstable internal flow field state of the centrifugal pump.
The method for analyzing the vibration data of the turbine pump test at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps: time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis. The method mainly comprises the steps of displaying the change of the acceleration value of the vibration signal in the running process of the turbine pump test run through an original time domain signal acquired through a test, and calculating to obtain the acceleration value of the vibration signal under each frequency by taking the original time domain signal as an input through a Fourier transform method or a wavelet transform method. The two methods respectively establish the correlation relations of time-amplitude and frequency-amplitude. However, it is difficult to observe the intensity of signals of different frequencies on a time scale for analyzing internal flow state changes of strong transient state, high rotation speed and large curvature of a centrifugal pump. Therefore, there is a need to explore a turbine pump vibration data analysis method that reveals the correlation between "time-frequency-amplitude". In addition, the turbine pump is used as a high-speed rotation working machine, dynamic and static interference exists between a centrifugal impeller rotating at a high speed and a static volute tongue, and the vibration characteristic of the turbine pump is influenced by a periodic rotation effect.
In summary, how to reveal the influence of the rotation effect of the turbopump on the vibration characteristic, obtain the time-frequency-amplitude information of the whole test process of the liquid rocket turbopump, and provide an important reference for fault diagnosis and design optimization of the turbopump, which is one of the important problems to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a data processing method capable of revealing the time-frequency-amplitude correlation of the whole process vibration data of a turbopump test of a liquid rocket engine, overcomes the defects of the prior art, solves the problem of the refined analysis of the vibration frequency amplitude information on a time scale, can be used for deeply analyzing the vibration test data of the turbopump such as a hot test run and the like, acquires the key information of the running state of the turbopump on the time scale, and provides important references and guiding directions for fault diagnosis, design optimization of the turbopump.
The invention provides a method for processing vibration data of a test turbopump of a liquid rocket engine, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring original data; the original data comprise turbine pump vibration data and rotating speed data;
s2, processing the original data to obtain a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array diagram and processed data;
s3, comprehensively analyzing a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array chart and processed data;
wherein, the comprehensive analysis process comprises:
s31, determining an interpretation key factor;
s32, performing preliminary interpretation according to the interpretation key factors;
s33, analyzing the data change trend; the method comprises the steps of analyzing the overall periodical change trend of the processed data, and analyzing the rotating speed or the frequency conversion signal and the frequency distribution change signal by taking time as a clue.
The method for processing vibration data of the test turbopump of the liquid rocket engine comprises the following specific steps in the optional step S1,
s11, welding a vibration measuring seat capable of being provided with a matched vibration sensor on an outer shell body of the turbine pump to be measured, which is close to the centrifugal impeller;
s12, mounting a turbine pump vibration sensor on a vibration measuring seat;
s13, performing a test to acquire and record the original data.
The method for processing the vibration data of the test turbopump of the liquid rocket engine, wherein optionally, in the step S12, the axial direction, the radial direction and the tangential direction of the vibration sensor of the turbopump respectively correspond to the axial direction, the radial direction and the tangential direction of the pump shaft of the turbopump.
According to the vibration data processing method for the test turbopump of the liquid rocket engine, the data sampling frequency of the vibration sensor is optionally not less than 3 times of rotation frequency, and the data sampling frequency is unchanged in the acquisition process.
The method for processing the vibration data of the test turbopump of the liquid rocket engine comprises the following specific steps in the optional step S2,
s21, cleaning original data, adjusting the data time origin, ensuring that all data moments correspond to test time sequence zero points, deleting invalid data in a non-concerned time period, and storing the invalid data as valid vibration data of the turbine pump;
s22, calculating the power spectral density of test run vibration data of the turbopump by adopting a Welch method according to the effective vibration data of the turbopump, and obtaining a vibration power spectral density-frequency graph of the turbopump;
s23, respectively analyzing the effective vibration data of the turbine pump with each unit time length by adopting fast Fourier transform according to the effective vibration data of the turbine pump in units of seconds, establishing a time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional spectrum array, and outputting a vibration time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional graph, a time-frequency-amplitude two-dimensional cloud graph, a frequency-amplitude two-dimensional graph and a time-amplitude two-dimensional graph of the turbine pump;
s24, calculating the rotation frequency of the turbine pump according to the effective rotation speed data of the turbine pump, and outputting a rotation speed and rotation frequency change curve of the turbine pump.
The method for processing the vibration data of the turbopump for the liquid rocket engine test comprises the following steps of S22, wherein in the optional step, a power spectral density analysis is carried out by taking 10 times of log (P), so as to obtain a vibration power spectral density-frequency curve diagram of the turbopump; wherein P refers to the power spectral density calculation result.
The method for processing vibration data of the test turbopump of the liquid rocket engine comprises the following steps of determining the range distribution, the local peak value signal and the change trend in the optional step S31.
The method for processing test turbopump vibration data for a liquid rocket engine as described above, wherein, optionally, step S32 comprises,
accumulating a range distribution envelope, and establishing an experience database of a peak range, test conditions and running states; and counting local peak information and establishing experience data of characteristic peak values and running states.
The method for processing vibration data of the turbopump for the liquid rocket engine test as described above, wherein optionally, in step S32, if a more obvious local peak value of the rotation frequency or the frequency doubling of the rotation frequency is captured, the turbopump test runs in a smoother state.
The method for processing test turbopump vibration data for a liquid rocket engine as described above, wherein, optionally, in step S32,
if a relatively pronounced localized peak of the frequency conversion or frequency doubling of the frequency conversion cannot be captured, an abnormal situation exists, wherein the abnormal situation includes cavitation, structural failure, and/or improper assembly.
Compared with the prior art, the method establishes the correlation between time and vibration frequency and amplitude, and can conveniently and intuitively analyze the change condition of the vibration frequency of the turbine pump on a time scale; the influence of the rotation effect of the turbine pump on the vibration characteristic is disclosed, the frequency conversion information is related to the vibration information, and important attention factors and the preliminary judgment principle thereof are accumulated through practical experience. The method can more comprehensively recognize the signal distribution of the turbine pump vibration data, and acquire more comprehensive and accurate signal distribution conditions by supplementing the amplified power spectrum density calculation result and the fast Fourier transform; the invention can be conveniently applied to various tests such as hot test run of the liquid rocket engine, and has the advantages of strong operability and less interference to the original test system; the calculation of the invention can perform data analysis of all time periods in real time, and has the advantages of high efficiency and comprehensiveness; the system for realizing the method has low cost, stability and reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a method for processing test turbopump vibration data for a liquid rocket engine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the steps S1 in the method for processing vibration data of a test turbopump of a liquid rocket engine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the steps of step S2 in the method for processing vibration data of a test turbopump of a liquid rocket engine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the steps of step S3 in the method for processing vibration data of a test turbopump for a liquid rocket engine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the mounting structure of a vibration sensor of a turbo pump according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the power spectral density after normalization proposed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a graph of the rotational speed after normalization according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a plot of the frequency conversion after normalization according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a three-dimensional plot of "time-frequency-amplitude" after normalization as proposed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a normalized "time-frequency-amplitude" two-dimensional cloud image according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8c is a two-dimensional plot of "frequency versus amplitude" after normalization as proposed in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8d is a "time-amplitude" two-dimensional plot after normalization processing as proposed in example 1 of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-turbine pump vibration sensor, 2-vibration measuring seat and 3-turbine pump shell.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In order to solve the problems set forth in the background art, the present invention proposes the following embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a method for processing vibration data of a turbine pump for a liquid rocket engine test, which includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring original data; the original data comprise turbine pump vibration data and rotating speed data; the purpose of this step is to obtain the raw data.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s11, welding a vibration measuring seat capable of being provided with a matched vibration sensor on an outer shell body of the turbine pump to be measured, which is close to the centrifugal impeller.
S12, mounting a turbine pump vibration sensor on a vibration measuring seat; in this step, referring to fig. 5, the axial, radial and tangential vibration measuring directions of the vibration sensor of the turbine pump correspond to and are consistent with the axial, radial and tangential directions of the turbine pump shaft. That is, the turbine pump vibration sensor can detect vibrations in three directions of the turbine pump shaft, respectively. In the implementation, the data sampling frequency of the vibration sensor is not less than 3 times of the frequency conversion, and the data sampling frequency is unchanged in the acquisition process. The range of the vibration sensor is +/-500 g, wherein g is a gravity acceleration unit;
s13, performing a test to acquire and record the original data. Before the test starts, pressing a start button of the acquisition controller to synchronously acquire test data such as turbine pump vibration data, turbine pump rotating speed and the like; after the test is finished, the acquisition controller 'stop' button is pressed to stop data acquisition.
S2, processing the original data to obtain a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array diagram and processed data. The normalized rotation speed curve is shown in fig. 7a, and the normalized rotation frequency curve is shown in fig. 7 b.
Specifically, the present step includes the following specific steps,
s21, cleaning the original data, adjusting the data time origin, ensuring that all data moments correspond to the test time sequence zero point, deleting invalid data in a non-concerned time period, and saving the invalid data as valid data of the turbine pump.
S22, calculating the power spectral density of the test run vibration data of the turbopump by adopting a Welch method according to the effective vibration data of the turbopump, and a graph of the power spectral density-frequency of the vibration of the turbopump. The normalized power spectral density curve obtained during a test is shown in fig. 6.
In this step, a power spectral density analysis was performed by taking 10-fold log (P) to obtain a turbine pump vibration power spectral density-frequency plot. By the method, the problems of small magnitude of the power spectrum density calculation result P and inconvenient analysis and comparison are solved.
S23, respectively analyzing the effective vibration data of the turbopump with each unit time length by adopting fast Fourier transform according to the effective vibration data of the turbopump in units of seconds, establishing a time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional spectral array, and outputting a vibration time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional graph, a time-frequency-amplitude two-dimensional cloud graph, a frequency-amplitude two-dimensional graph and a time-amplitude two-dimensional graph of the turbopump.
；
Wherein n is the number of sampling points of the vibration signal,and j and k are angle marks for the j-th vibration signal, and the range is 1 to n, and the angle marks are respectively used for inputting the vibration signal and the numerical index after Fourier transformation.
Wherein e is a mathematical constant, i.e. Euler number,i is the imaginary unit, < >>。
The amplitude of vibration after fourier transform is:
，/>
for vibration signal frequency, hz, & lt & gt>For sampling frequency, hz, & lt + & gt>A sequence index of half the number n of sampling points.
In specific implementation, in a certain experiment, a normalized "time-frequency-amplitude" three-dimensional graph is shown in fig. 8a, a normalized "time-frequency-amplitude" two-dimensional cloud graph is shown in fig. 8b, a normalized "frequency-amplitude" two-dimensional graph is shown in fig. 8c, and a normalized "time-amplitude" two-dimensional graph is shown in fig. 8 d.
S24, calculating the rotation frequency of the turbine pump according to the effective rotation speed data of the turbine pump, and outputting a rotation speed and rotation frequency change curve of the turbine pump. Specifically, the turbo pump rotation frequency is calculated by the following formula:
；
wherein n is the rotation speed of the turbine pump, and r/min;is the rotation frequency of the turbine pump, hz. That is, in the specific implementation, the rotation speed of the turbo pump is converted into the rotation frequency by the above formula, and the rotation frequency variation curve herein refers to the rotation frequency variation curve of the turbo pump.
S3, comprehensively analyzing a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array chart and processed data. And comprehensively analyzing the rotation speed curve, the frequency conversion curve, the power spectrum density curve, the fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array diagram and the processed data to judge whether the running state of the turbine pump is stable or not and possible faults.
In this step, the process of comprehensive analysis includes:
s31, determining an interpretation key factor; specifically, this step includes a range distribution, a local peak signal, and a trend of variation. Namely, interpretation is performed with the range distribution, the local peak signal, and the trend of variation as key factors.
S32, performing preliminary interpretation according to the interpretation key factors; in a specific application, the purpose of the preliminary interpretation is to determine whether the turbopump test is running smoothly, and whether cavitation, structural failure, and/or improper assembly may occur.
More specifically, the preliminary interpretation recommendation method is that,
accumulating the range distribution envelope and establishing an empirical database of peak ranges and test conditions and operating states. And (5) counting local peak information and establishing empirical data of characteristic peak values and running states. When the method is specifically judged, if the relatively obvious local peak value of the frequency conversion or frequency conversion and frequency multiplication is captured, the turbine pump test runs in a relatively stable state. If a relatively significant local peak of the frequency conversion or frequency multiplication is not captured, abnormal conditions such as cavitation, structural damage and/or improper assembly may exist. That is, in this step, it is determined whether the turbopump test is running smoothly by statistics of local peak information. In specific implementation, the obvious frequency conversion or frequency multiplication means that local peaks exist as frequency conversion or frequency conversion and frequency multiplication. S33, analyzing the data change trend; the method comprises the steps of analyzing the overall periodical change trend of the processed data, and analyzing the rotating speed or the frequency conversion signal and the frequency distribution change signal by taking time as a clue.
The method solves the problem of the accurate analysis of the vibration frequency amplitude information on the time scale, can be used for deeply analyzing the vibration test data of the turbine pump such as the hot test run and the like, obtains the key information of the running state of the turbine pump on the time scale, and provides important reference and guiding direction for fault diagnosis, design optimization of the turbine pump.
Example 2
This embodiment proposes a system for implementing the method described in embodiment 1; the same points are not described in detail, and only the differences are described below.
The embodiment comprises a turbine pump vibration sensor, an acquisition controller and an upper computer, wherein the acquisition controller is electrically connected with the turbine pump vibration sensor and the upper computer, and the acquisition controller acquires original data of turbine pump vibration through the turbine pump vibration sensor. The upper computer can be a computer, a workstation or a server, and software for realizing the method of the embodiment 1 is preset in the upper computer when the method is implemented, and the upper computer is used for cleaning the collected original data to obtain effective data, and according to the cleaned effective data, a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array diagram and processed data are obtained. The above data cleaning and calculating process can specifically refer to embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
In another implementation, the data cleaning process may be processed by the acquisition controller, with subsequent steps being processed by the host computer. When so configured, the acquisition controller transmits the raw data and the cleaned data to the host computer.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (8)
1. The method for processing the vibration data of the test turbopump of the liquid rocket engine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, acquiring original data; the original data comprise turbine pump vibration data and rotating speed data;
step S1 comprises the following specific steps,
s11, welding a vibration measuring seat capable of being provided with a matched vibration sensor on an outer shell body of the turbine pump to be measured, which is close to the centrifugal impeller;
s12, mounting a turbine pump vibration sensor on a vibration measuring seat;
s13, performing a test to acquire and record original data;
s2, processing the original data to obtain a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array diagram and processed data;
step S2 comprises the following specific steps,
s21, cleaning original data, adjusting the data time origin, ensuring that all data moments correspond to test time sequence zero points, deleting invalid data in a non-concerned time period, and storing the invalid data as valid vibration data of the turbine pump;
s22, calculating the power spectral density of test run vibration data of the turbopump by adopting a Welch method according to the effective vibration data of the turbopump, and obtaining a vibration power spectral density-frequency graph of the turbopump;
s23, respectively analyzing the effective vibration data of the turbine pump with each unit time length by adopting fast Fourier transform according to the effective vibration data of the turbine pump in units of seconds, establishing a time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional spectrum array, and outputting a vibration time-frequency-amplitude three-dimensional graph, a time-frequency-amplitude two-dimensional cloud graph, a frequency-amplitude two-dimensional graph and a time-amplitude two-dimensional graph of the turbine pump;
s24, calculating the rotation frequency of the turbine pump according to the effective rotation speed data of the turbine pump, and outputting a rotation speed and rotation frequency change curve of the turbine pump;
s3, comprehensively analyzing a rotating speed curve, a frequency conversion curve, a power spectrum density curve, a fast Fourier transform three-dimensional spectrum array chart and processed data;
wherein, the comprehensive analysis process comprises:
s31, determining an interpretation key factor;
s32, performing preliminary interpretation according to the interpretation key factors;
s33, analyzing the data change trend; the method comprises the steps of analyzing the overall periodical change trend of the processed data, and analyzing the rotating speed or the frequency conversion signal and the frequency distribution change signal by taking time as a clue.
2. The method for processing vibration data of a liquid rocket engine test turbopump according to claim 1, wherein in step S12, the axial direction, the radial direction, and the tangential direction of the turbopump vibration sensor correspond to the axial direction, the radial direction, and the tangential direction of the turbine pump shaft, respectively.
3. The method for processing vibration data of a test turbopump of a liquid rocket engine according to claim 2, wherein the data sampling frequency of the vibration sensor is not less than 3 times of rotation frequency, and the data sampling frequency is unchanged in the collecting process.
4. The method for processing vibration data of a test turbopump of a liquid rocket engine according to claim 2, wherein step S22, a power spectral density analysis is performed by taking 10 times log (P), and a graph of a power spectral density versus a frequency of vibration of the turbopump is obtained; wherein P refers to the power spectral density calculation result.
5. The method for processing vibration data of a test turbopump for a liquid rocket engine according to claim 1, wherein in step S31, the critical factors for interpretation include range distribution, local peak signals, and trend of variation.
6. The method for liquid rocket engine test turbo pump vibration data processing according to claim 5, wherein step S32 comprises,
accumulating a range distribution envelope, and establishing an experience database of a peak range, test conditions and running states; and counting local peak information and establishing experience data of characteristic peak values and running states.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S32, if a more pronounced local peak of the rotation frequency or frequency doubling of the rotation frequency is captured, the turbopump test is operated more smoothly.
8. The method for liquid rocket engine test turbo pump vibration data processing according to claim 7, wherein in step S32,
if a relatively pronounced localized peak of the frequency conversion or frequency doubling of the frequency conversion cannot be captured, an abnormal situation exists, wherein the abnormal situation includes cavitation, structural failure, and/or improper assembly.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000097108A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-04-04 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Bearing mechanism of turbo-pump |
| CN112502860A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-16 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Liquid rocket engine frequency characteristic measuring method |
| CN115931359A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-04-07 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Turbine pump bearing fault diagnosis method and device |
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| US10638295B2 (en) * | 2015-01-17 | 2020-04-28 | Machinesense, Llc | System and method for turbomachinery preventive maintenance and root cause failure determination |
| US10167732B2 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2019-01-01 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Passive overspeed controlled turbo pump assembly |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000097108A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-04-04 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Bearing mechanism of turbo-pump |
| CN112502860A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-16 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Liquid rocket engine frequency characteristic measuring method |
| CN115931359A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-04-07 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Turbine pump bearing fault diagnosis method and device |
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