CN117128867A - Chemical fiber length measurement system and method based on machine vision - Google Patents

Chemical fiber length measurement system and method based on machine vision Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117128867A
CN117128867A CN202311094167.4A CN202311094167A CN117128867A CN 117128867 A CN117128867 A CN 117128867A CN 202311094167 A CN202311094167 A CN 202311094167A CN 117128867 A CN117128867 A CN 117128867A
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China
Prior art keywords
light source
camera
machine vision
chemical fiber
fiber length
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CN202311094167.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐建东
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NANTONG INSTITUTE OF FIBER INSPECTION
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NANTONG INSTITUTE OF FIBER INSPECTION
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Priority to CN202311094167.4A priority Critical patent/CN117128867A/en
Publication of CN117128867A publication Critical patent/CN117128867A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/20—Image enhancement or restoration using local operators
    • G06T5/30—Erosion or dilatation, e.g. thinning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/13—Edge detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/136—Segmentation; Edge detection involving thresholding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10004—Still image; Photographic image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
    • G06T2207/30124—Fabrics; Textile; Paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a chemical fiber length measuring system and a chemical fiber length measuring method based on machine vision, wherein the system comprises an imaging system and an illumination system, the imaging system comprises a camera and a camera lens, the camera lens is arranged below the camera, and the camera is in communication connection with a computer; the illumination system comprises annular light and a surface light source, wherein the annular light source is positioned between the camera and the surface light source, and chemical fibers to be detected are placed on the surface light source. The measuring method comprises two steps of edge detection and dimension measurement, wherein the edge detection is to position the sub-pixel precision edge through a gray scale integration threshold value, so that high precision is realized, higher efficiency and better robustness are realized, and the precision can reach a micron level.

Description

Chemical fiber length measurement system and method based on machine vision
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vision detection, and particularly relates to a chemical fiber length measurement system and method based on machine vision.
Background
Vision is the most powerful way of perception that provides us with a great deal of information about the surrounding environment, allowing us to interact intelligently directly with the surrounding environment without the need for physical contact. The machine vision is a technique of analyzing and judging the existing image by a computer and then processing the image according to the result, or controlling and executing other corresponding actions, and has very wide application in the fields of medicine, remote sensing, industry and the like. Whether medical diagnosis is carried out, satellite images are utilized for resource investigation, urban planning, industrial online detection and production process control, machine vision plays an important role which cannot be replaced, and the method is closely related to our life and is indispensible.
The machine vision measurement technology has the advantages of high efficiency and high automation, can generally project a measured object on a sensor through an imaging system under the non-contact condition, and can measure various dimension indexes of the measured object through an edge detection algorithm.
The hardware constitution of the machine vision mainly comprises an image acquisition device and a computer. The image acquisition equipment comprises an imaging system, a detector and a light source, wherein the light source is used for illuminating the object to be detected, the imaging system is used for imaging the object to be detected in the detector, and then an image processing algorithm is used in a computer to acquire the information of the object to be detected, so that the process of identifying or measuring the object to be detected by using a machine vision system is typical. For a vision measuring system, whether an edge can be accurately extracted, the size can be accurately measured depends on whether the hardware device is stable, whether a high-precision measured object image can be provided, and whether the size measuring algorithm achieves enough precision and renaturation. In addition to accuracy and repeatability, efficiency is also a very important aspect to meet detection requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a chemical fiber length measuring system and method based on machine vision, which are used for positioning a sub-pixel precision edge through a gray integral threshold value, realizing high precision, realizing higher efficiency and better robustness, and realizing the precision reaching a micron level.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a chemical fiber length measurement system based on machine vision, which comprises an imaging system and an illumination system, wherein the imaging system comprises a camera and a camera lens, the camera lens is arranged below the camera, and the camera is in communication connection with a computer;
the illumination system comprises annular light and a surface light source, wherein the annular light source is positioned between the camera and the surface light source, and chemical fibers to be detected are placed on the surface light source.
In some embodiments, the camera is mounted on the top, the surface light source is mounted on the bottom, and the annular light source is mounted in the middle.
In some embodiments, the camera and annular light source are fixed to a camera support frame.
In some embodiments, the spacing between the camera lens bottom and the annular light source is 220-230mm; the interval between the annular light source and the surface light source is 15-25mm.
In some embodiments, the bottom of the surface light source is provided with a sliding rail.
In some embodiments, the imaging system and the illumination system are located within a dark room.
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a length measurement method of the chemical fiber length measurement system based on machine vision, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Edge detection: a series of edge coordinates are obtained after rough positioning is carried out on the edges through a pixel-level edge detection algorithm; then, utilizing the pixel gray values around the pixel-level edge coordinates to obtain sub-pixel coordinates through a sub-pixel edge detection algorithm;
(2) Size measurement: the whole length of the silk thread is measured by a pixel method, a corresponding bottom plate is selected according to the color of the sample thread, then the taken sample thread is placed on a supporting plate of an instrument, the placement position of the thread is checked, a photo is clicked, relevant parameters are automatically calculated through click calculation, and the length automatically appears on a list.
In some embodiments, the pixel-level edge detection algorithm employs a Sobel algorithm.
In some embodiments, the subpixel edge detection algorithm employs a gray scale integration thresholding method.
In some embodiments, the gray integral thresholding (edge gray model and its gradient model) is as follows:
the gradient of the image f (x, y) at the position (x, y) is defined as the following vector:
it can be seen that the gradient vector points in the direction of the maximum rate of change of f at coordinates (x, y);
the magnitude of the gradient vector can be expressed as:
the direction angle a (x, y) of the gradient vector to the x-axis can be expressed as:
computing the gradient of the image is based on deriving the partial derivative of the point at each pixel location:and->
The beneficial effects are that: the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a high-precision and high-efficiency edge detection and dimension measurement algorithm, which positions the sub-pixel precision edge through a gray scale integration threshold value, realizes high precision, and simultaneously realizes higher efficiency and better robustness, and the precision can reach a micron level.
The machine vision system can meet the requirements of size measurement and defect detection of important parts in a precise instrument, and has important practical significance for promoting the technical development and efficiency improvement of industrial manufacturing and precise equipment manufacturing and the development of the image processing field requiring edge detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a measuring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an unprocessed image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial binarized image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an image of an embodiment of the present invention after a series of morphological treatments;
fig. 6 is an image of the outer contour of an area extracted according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are the directions or positional relationships shown, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention will now be described in further detail by way of specific examples of embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the chemical fiber length measuring system based on machine vision comprises an imaging system and an illumination system, wherein the imaging system comprises a camera 5 and a camera lens 4, the camera lens 4 is installed below the camera 5, and the camera 5 is in communication connection with a computer. The camera 5 is in communication connection with the computer, on the one hand, the image shot by the camera 5 can be transmitted to the computer in real time for further image processing, and the computer can control the camera 5 to shoot.
The illumination system comprises annular light 3 and a surface light source 2, wherein the annular light source 3 is positioned between the camera 5 and the surface light source 2, and chemical fibers to be detected are placed on the surface light source 2.
According to the measuring system, the camera 5 is controlled through the computer, the annular light 3 is used as an auxiliary light source, the surface light source 2 is used as a bottom background light source, and therefore image acquisition of chemical fibers can be achieved. Meanwhile, a plurality of chemical fibers to be detected can be simultaneously placed on the surface light source 2. The photographed image is transmitted to a computer through a data line, and is further processed and analyzed through image processing software installed on the computer.
By using the machine vision system and the measured object, the measured object image with good image quality and small distortion can be obtained. Next, in order to obtain the size of the object to be measured, the required image processing algorithm includes two parts, edge detection and size measurement.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the chemical fiber length measuring system based on machine vision comprises an imaging system and an illumination system, wherein the imaging system comprises a camera 5 and a camera lens 4, the camera lens 4 is installed below the camera 5, and the camera 5 is in communication connection with a computer. The camera 5 is in communication connection with the computer, on the one hand, the image shot by the camera 5 can be transmitted to the computer in real time for further image processing, and the computer can control the camera 5 to shoot.
The illumination system comprises annular light 3 and a surface light source 2, wherein the annular light source 3 is positioned between the camera 5 and the surface light source 2, and chemical fibers to be detected are placed on the surface light source 2.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the camera 5 is installed at the top, the surface light source 2 is installed at the bottommost, and the ring-shaped light source 3 is installed in the middle.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the camera 5 and the annular light source 3 are fixed on a camera support frame 7. The positions of the camera 5 and the annular light source 3 are relatively fixed, and in order to ensure the definition of shooting, the camera lens 4 arranged on the camera 5 can perform focal length adjustment with a certain stroke so as to ensure the definition of a shot image, thereby providing a good foundation for subsequent image processing and size measurement.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in order to ensure the definition of the shot image, the distance between the bottom of the camera lens 4 and the annular light source 3 is 220-230mm; the interval between the annular light source 3 and the surface light source 2 is 15-25mm. The limit of the interval between the bottom of the camera lens 4 and the annular light source 3 is 220-230mm, so that the light supplementing effect of the annular light source 3 on shooting can be effectively ensured, the limit of the interval between the annular light source 3 and the surface light source 2 is 15-25mm, the focal distance of shooting pictures can be ensured, and the shooting is clearer.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a sliding rail 1 is disposed at the bottom of the surface light source 2. By setting the slide rail 1, the surface light source 2 and the chemical fiber to be detected placed thereon can be stably placed to the photographing area. Meanwhile, the sliding rail 1 can be manually adjusted or can be adjusted by motor driving, and when the sliding rail is adjusted by the motor, the surface light source 2 can be conveyed to a specified shooting area by the driving motor for shooting.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the imaging system and the illumination system are located in a darkroom 6. The imaging system and the illumination system are arranged in the darkroom 6, so that the influence of ambient illumination on the shooting process can be effectively reduced, the contrast and the gray level of the shot image are convenient for subsequent image processing, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
According to the measuring system, the camera 5 is controlled through the computer, the annular light 3 is used as an auxiliary light source, the surface light source 2 is used as a bottom background light source, and therefore image acquisition of chemical fibers can be achieved. Meanwhile, a plurality of chemical fibers to be detected can be simultaneously placed on the surface light source 2. The photographed image is transmitted to a computer through a data line, and is further processed and analyzed through image processing software installed on the computer.
Example 3
By using the machine vision system and the measured object, the measured object image with good image quality and small distortion can be obtained. Next, in order to obtain the size of the object to be measured, the required image processing algorithm includes two parts, edge detection and size measurement. The section will describe several different edge detection algorithms and dimension measurement modes in detail, and proposes a gray integral threshold edge detection algorithm, which can realize edge detection with sub-pixel accuracy.
A length measurement method of a chemical fiber length measurement system based on machine vision comprises the following steps:
(1) Edge detection: after the original image such as the edge of fig. 3 is roughly positioned by a pixel-level edge detection algorithm, a series of edge coordinates are obtained, and as shown in fig. 4, pixels with similar colors are classified into a plurality of integral areas, so that the subsequent extraction of knitting wool areas is facilitated; then, the gray values of the pixels around the pixel-level edge coordinates are used, as shown in fig. 5, and the knitting wool area is screened according to the area characteristics (area, length, aspect ratio, etc.) through a series of morphological processing images such as corrosion and expansion. Then a series of joint rejection algorithms are adopted to divide a plurality of broken areas into a knitting wool area, and then areas which are not knitting wool are identified by a mode; finally, the subpixel coordinates are obtained by a subpixel edge detection algorithm, as shown in fig. 6, and the image of the outline of the extracted region is obtained.
(2) Size measurement: the whole length of the silk thread is measured by a pixel method, a corresponding bottom plate is selected according to the color of the sample thread, then the taken sample thread is placed on a supporting plate of an instrument, the placement position of the thread is checked, a photo is clicked, relevant parameters are automatically calculated through click calculation, and the length automatically appears on a list.
In this embodiment, the pixel-level edge detection algorithm uses a Sobel algorithm.
In this embodiment, the subpixel edge detection algorithm uses a gray-scale integration threshold method.
Pixel edge detection intuitively, an edge is a set of connected pixels. The pixels are located at the boundary of two regions, an ideal edge having certain characteristics, the edge generated from the pattern being a set of connected pixels, each pixel being located on a vertical step of varying gray scale. In practice, imperfections in the optical system, sampling and other image acquisitions cause the resulting edges to be blurred, the degree of blurring depending on factors such as the performance of the image acquisition system, the sampling rate and the illumination conditions. At this time, the width of the edge is not a thin line with a single pixel width, but a thick line with a width.
In this embodiment, the edge gray scale model and the gradient model thereof of the gray scale integration threshold method are as follows:
the gradient of the image f (x, y) at the position (x, y) is defined as the following vector:
it can be seen that the gradient vector points in the direction of the maximum rate of change of f at coordinates (x, y);
the magnitude of the gradient vector can be expressed as:
the direction angle a (x, y) of the gradient vector to the x-axis can be expressed as:
computing the gradient of the image is based on deriving the partial derivative of the point at each pixel location: />And
the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a chemical fiber length measurement system based on machine vision which characterized in that: the system comprises an imaging system and an illumination system, wherein the imaging system comprises a camera and a camera lens, the camera lens is arranged below the camera, and the camera is in communication connection with a computer;
the illumination system comprises annular light and a surface light source, wherein the annular light source is positioned between the camera and the surface light source, and chemical fibers to be detected are placed on the surface light source.
2. The machine vision based chemical fiber length measurement system of claim 1, wherein: the camera is installed at the top, the area light source is installed at the bottom, and the annular light source is installed in the middle.
3. A machine vision based chemical fiber length measurement system according to claim 2, wherein: the camera and the annular light source are fixed on the camera support frame.
4. A machine vision based chemical fiber length measurement system according to claim 2, wherein: the distance between the bottom of the camera lens and the annular light source is 220-230mm; the interval between the annular light source and the surface light source is 15-25mm.
5. The machine vision based chemical fiber length measurement system of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the surface light source is provided with a sliding rail.
6. The machine vision based chemical fiber length measurement system of claim 1, wherein: the imaging system and the illumination system are located within the dark room.
7. A length measuring method of a chemical fiber length measuring system based on machine vision according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Edge detection: a series of edge coordinates are obtained after rough positioning is carried out on the edges through a pixel-level edge detection algorithm; then, utilizing the pixel gray values around the pixel-level edge coordinates to obtain sub-pixel coordinates through a sub-pixel edge detection algorithm;
(2) Size measurement: the whole length of the silk thread is measured by a pixel method, a corresponding bottom plate is selected according to the color of the sample thread, then the taken sample thread is placed on a supporting plate of an instrument, the placement position of the thread is checked, a photo is clicked, relevant parameters are automatically calculated through click calculation, and the length automatically appears on a list.
8. The method for measuring the length of the chemical fiber length measuring system based on machine vision according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pixel-level edge detection algorithm adopts a Sobel algorithm.
9. The method for measuring the length of the chemical fiber length measuring system based on machine vision according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the subpixel edge detection algorithm adopts a gray integral threshold method.
10. The length measurement method of a machine vision based chemical fiber length measurement system according to claim 9, wherein: the edge gray scale model and the gradient model of the gray scale integration threshold method are as follows:
the gradient of the image f (x, y) at the position (x, y) is defined as the following vector:
it can be seen that the gradient vector points in the direction of the maximum rate of change of f at coordinates (x, y);
the magnitude of the gradient vector can be expressed as:
the direction angle a (x, y) of the gradient vector to the x-axis can be expressed as:
computing the gradient of the image is based on deriving the partial derivative of the point at each pixel location:
and->
CN202311094167.4A 2023-08-29 2023-08-29 Chemical fiber length measurement system and method based on machine vision Pending CN117128867A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311094167.4A CN117128867A (en) 2023-08-29 2023-08-29 Chemical fiber length measurement system and method based on machine vision

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