CN117118748A - Satellite-ground random access method and system - Google Patents
Satellite-ground random access method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a satellite-ground random access method and a satellite-ground random access system, wherein the method for satellites comprises the following steps: receiving a broadcast frame sent by a ground node, and performing identity verification on the ground node; after the ground node identity verification is successful, generating and sending an access application to the ground node; receiving response information generated by the ground node according to the access application, and opening a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node according to the response information, thereby completing the access of the satellite and the ground node to the network. The method for the ground node comprises the following steps: continuously transmitting broadcast frames forward to a beam coverage area; responding to the received access application generated and sent by the satellite, and carrying out identity authentication on the satellite; transmitting response information to the satellite after identity authentication, and simultaneously distributing channel resources for the satellite, so that a measurement and control channel is opened, the satellite is accessed to the measurement and control channel after receiving the response information, and then the satellite and the ground node are accessed to the network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a satellite-to-ground random access method and system.
Background
With the construction of large satellite constellations, the number of in-orbit satellites in China is rapidly increased, so that the requirements of high-efficiency operation control and autonomous operation of large-scale low-orbit satellites are generated, and new requirements are also provided for the scale and operation mode of ground measurement and control resources. At present, the traditional measurement and control adopts a ground-based and planned measurement and control mode, namely, a ground measurement and control center compiles a measurement and control plan of each satellite according to the needs and transmits the measurement and control plan to each ground node; and the ground node establishes a measurement and control link with the satellite in a scheduled time and a preset direction according to the central plan, and performs information interaction. With the increase of the number of the in-orbit satellites, the measurement and operation mode faces the pressure of three aspects, firstly, with the continuous increase of the number of the satellites, the resources of the existing narrow-beam single-target equipment are more and more tense; secondly, the ground network manager respectively carries out measurement and control planning on the single satellite, the complexity is larger and larger, and the reliability is reduced; thirdly, a measurement and control plan is compiled in advance, the satellite-ground interaction timeliness is low, and the quick-change operation and control requirements of the on-orbit satellite are difficult to adapt.
Although the random access measurement and control system is not formally put into use in China at present, the random access measurement and control technology is proposed at present, and the conventional random access measurement and control technology has the common characteristics of three aspects: firstly, in the channel design, a 'measurement and control+access' dual-channel mode is adopted, namely, a random access channel, which is also called a control channel, is newly added outside the original satellite-ground measurement and control channel; secondly, in the process design, the method comprises the steps of satellite-ground capturing, identity authentication, channel access, service measurement and control and the like; thirdly, the sending mode of the search beacon is that the satellite always sends a downlink beacon, and the ground carries out information interaction with the satellite after receiving the beacon. And in the aspects of setting an access scene, information interaction flow and the like, unified standards or specifications are not formed. In the access mode, a forward multi-beam scanning and backward panoramic fixed beam access mode is adopted, an access node forms a forward scanning beam by activating N array elements, forms a backward panoramic fixed beam by activating M array elements, and realizes the simultaneous full airspace coverage of a control channel; in addition, the method for multi-scene random access is also provided, which envisages 2 access scenes, namely a multi-beam full airspace scanning access mode, wherein the spacecraft continuously transmits telemetry signals, a ground system calls scanning beams to perform full airspace searching, receives and identifies telemetry signals of the spacecraft, and transmits remote control signals if the spacecraft is a cooperative spacecraft; the other is an omnidirectional antenna auxiliary access mode, the spacecraft periodically transmits an access beacon to the ground, the ground measurement and control system calls a tracking beam to receive/demodulate a telemetry signal sent by the spacecraft, the demodulated data is sent to a measurement and control center, the center generates a remote control instruction, and the remote control instruction is sent to the spacecraft through measurement and control equipment to finish random access. Although the satellite-ground random access method has strong practicability, the ground forward multi-beam scanning is complex in equipment circuit design and large in operation control calculation amount; in addition, the satellite-ground random access method is more suitable for newly built multi-beam random access measurement and control systems, and is not suitable for expanding random access functions of the existing multi-beam equipment.
Therefore, a method for simplifying the beam scanning circuit, not occupying the beam control resources, not continuously transmitting the beacon signal, and improving the satellite-ground interaction efficiency is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a satellite-to-ground random access method and device, which are used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, equipment circuit design is complex, operation control calculation amount is large, the number of beams for measurement and control is small, and the continuous transmission of beacon signals increases satellite power consumption, so that the method and device are not suitable for expanding random access functions of the existing multi-beam equipment.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite-to-ground random access method, which is used for a satellite, and includes:
receiving a broadcast frame sent by a ground node, and performing identity verification on the ground node according to the broadcast frame;
after the ground node identity verification is successful, generating and sending an access application to the ground node;
receiving response information generated by the ground node according to the access application, and opening a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node according to the response information, so as to complete the access of the satellite and the ground node to the network.
Preferably, the receiving the broadcast frame sent by the ground node, and performing identity verification on the ground node according to the broadcast frame specifically includes:
receiving a broadcast frame of an omni-directional wide beam periodically sent by a ground node through an access channel; wherein the broadcast frame includes: ground node information, authentication information, time codes, frame types and verification information, wherein the access channel is used for maintaining the communication of an access flow between the satellite and the ground node;
and analyzing the ground node information, the authentication information, the time code, the frame type and the verification information, so that the identity of the ground node is verified and authenticated through the analyzed broadcast frame.
As a preferred scheme, after the ground node identity verification is successful, an access application is generated and sent to the ground node, which specifically includes:
after the ground node identity is successfully checked, judging whether a link establishment requirement with the ground node exists according to the current service measurement and control data of the satellite;
if the link establishment requirement exists, an access application for accessing the ground node to the network is generated, and the access application is sent to the ground node through the access channel.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
after sending an access application to the ground node, receiving a forward signaling frame sent by the ground node through the access channel; wherein the reply information includes a forward signaling frame;
analyzing the forward signaling frame, and opening a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node according to the analyzed forward signaling frame.
As a preferred solution, after the measurement and control channel for transmitting and receiving service measurement and control data with the ground node is opened, the method further includes:
transmitting measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving the measurement and control service data transmitted by the ground node through the measurement and control channel;
judging whether the broadcast frame sent by the ground node can be continuously received or not through the access channel in the process of sending the measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving the measurement and control service data sent by the ground node;
when the broadcast frame is normally received, generating a periodic report frame, and continuously transmitting the periodic report frame to the ground node through the access channel; wherein the periodic report frame includes satellite orbit, health status and working status.
As a preferred solution, in a process of sending measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving measurement and control service data sent by the ground node, the method further includes:
continuously performing off-network judgment on the ground node so as to perform stop judgment of a periodic report frame according to the acquired arc segment task of the satellite, the received broadcast frame and the tracking elevation angle of the ground node;
if any one of the end of the arc task of the satellite, the overtime of the received broadcast frame or the reaching of the tracking elevation angle with the ground node to the preset low limit is met, stopping sending a periodic report frame to the ground node, generating an off-network bye frame, and sending the off-network bye frame to the ground node through the access channel;
if the end of the arc task of the satellite, the overtime of the received broadcast frame or the tracking elevation angle with the ground node reaches a preset low limit are not satisfied, continuing to carry out off-network judgment on the ground node.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a satellite-to-ground following access method, which is used for the ground node and comprises the following steps:
continuously transmitting broadcast frames forward to a beam coverage area;
responding to an access application generated and sent by a satellite, analyzing the access application, and carrying out identity authentication on the satellite according to the analyzed access application;
and sending response information to the satellite after identity authentication, and simultaneously distributing channel resources for the satellite, so that a measurement and control channel is opened, the satellite is connected to the measurement and control channel after receiving the response information, and then the satellite and the ground node are connected to the network.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and responding to an uplink control packet generated by a receiving control center on a task plan, generating a forward signaling frame, and sending the forward signaling frame to the satellite, so that the satellite generates and sends an access application according to the forward signaling frame, and after the satellite is accessed to the measurement and control channel, receiving and transmitting measurement and control service data are realized.
Preferably, after the satellite accesses the measurement and control channel, the method further comprises:
continuously receiving a periodic report frame sent by the satellite, forwarding the periodic report frame to a control center, and continuously carrying out off-network judgment on the satellite so as to carry out release channel resource judgment according to the off-network bye frame, the periodic report frame and the satellite position of the satellite;
if any one of the received off-network bye frame, the overtime of the receiving period reporting frame and the satellite position not in the forward beam coverage area is met, releasing channel resources, performing off-network marking on the satellite, and performing off-network reporting of the satellite to a control center;
if the received off-network bye frame, the overtime of the receiving period reporting frame and the satellite position are not in the coverage area of the forward wave beam are not satisfied, continuing to carry out off-network judgment on the satellite.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a satellite-ground random access system, which comprises: a plurality of satellites, a plurality of ground nodes and a control center; the control center is connected with a plurality of ground nodes, and each ground node can be connected with any satellite in a communication way through an access channel and a measurement and control channel;
each satellite is configured to perform a satellite-to-ground satellite access method according to any one of the above claims;
each ground node is configured to perform a satellite-to-ground random access method for a ground node as set forth in any one of the above;
the control center is used for scheduling and controlling tasks of the satellite and the ground node.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme, the identity of the ground node is checked by receiving the broadcast frame sent by the ground node, and then the access application is generated and sent to the ground node, so that the response information generated by the ground node is received, and then the measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node is opened, namely, the return access application is sent only under the condition of access requirement, the problem that the satellite power consumption of a satellite is increased due to the fact that the beacon signal is continuously sent is avoided, the complexity of ground equipment is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the limitation of the number of scanning beams is avoided, a beam forming and beam scanning control circuit is not needed, and the difficulty in system design, operation and maintenance is low.
Furthermore, the invention adopts forward fixed wide wave beam, the transmitting antenna has simple structure and small quantity of transmitting channels; the forward signal fully covers the space, is not limited by the number of scanning beams, is beneficial to expanding the random access function of the phased array multi-beam device, separates part of beams from the original multi-beams to serve as return receiving beams, and has the advantages of simplified design scheme, small device change amount and easiness in engineering realization. Therefore, the invention is not only suitable for mode selection of newly-built random access systems, but also suitable for adaptive reconstruction of the existing equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the method for satellite-ground random access for satellites provided by the embodiment of the invention is a step flow chart;
fig. 2: the method for satellite-to-ground random access of the ground node provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of a flow chart;
fig. 3: the structure diagram of the satellite-ground random access system provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in the specification;
fig. 4: the satellite-ground interaction flow chart with the access network provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5: reporting a satellite-ground interaction flow chart for the random access period provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6: the method and the device provide a ground service measurement and control initiation and execution planetary interaction flow chart;
fig. 7: the satellite service measurement and control initiation and execution planetary interaction flow chart provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8: the satellite off-network satellite-ground interaction flow chart provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9: a timing diagram for data transmission between satellites and ground nodes is provided for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a satellite-to-ground random access method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is used for a satellite, and includes the following steps S101 to S103:
step S101: and receiving a broadcast frame sent by a ground node, and carrying out identity verification on the ground node according to the broadcast frame.
As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the receiving the broadcast frame sent by the ground node, and performing identity verification on the ground node according to the broadcast frame specifically includes:
receiving a broadcast frame of an omni-directional wide beam periodically sent by a ground node through an access channel; wherein the broadcast frame includes: ground node information, authentication information, time codes, frame types and verification information, wherein the access channel is used for maintaining the communication of an access flow between the satellite and the ground node; and analyzing the ground node information, the authentication information, the time code, the frame type and the verification information, so that the identity of the ground node is verified and authenticated through the analyzed broadcast frame.
In the embodiment, an access channel and a measurement and control channel are simultaneously arranged between a satellite and a ground node for communication, wherein the measurement and control channel is provided with a plurality of beams which have high gain, narrow beams and can be scanned in a full space domain digital mode, and each beam is associated with one measurement and control link; the access channel consists of a fixed beam with low gain, full spatial coverage and its associated signal processing links. Thus, the ground node may continuously transmit broadcast frames to the forward beam coverage area over the access channel such that the broadcast frames transmitted by the ground node may be received when a satellite enters the forward beam coverage area.
In this embodiment, the broadcast frame contains the content related to the terrestrial node information, such as the access node ID, authentication information, time code, frame type, and verification information, so that the satellite can perform operations such as authentication, verification, and authentication on the terrestrial node by receiving the information in the broadcast frame. It should be noted that, the checking is a common error correction means used in data transceiving to prevent error codes in the transmission process, and the checking mode can be selected according to the need; further, the verification information does not contain information for authentication, and the authentication of the satellite to the ground node identity is that the data frame is demodulated under the specified frequency point, data modulation mode and coding and decoding mode, and the ground node ID and authentication information are identified.
Step S102: and after the ground node identity verification is successful, generating and sending an access application to the ground node.
As a preferred solution of this embodiment, after the ground node identity verification is successful, generating and sending an access application to the ground node, which specifically includes:
after the ground node identity is successfully checked, judging whether a link establishment requirement with the ground node exists according to the current service measurement and control data of the satellite; if the link establishment requirement exists, an access application for accessing the ground node to the network is generated, and the access application is sent to the ground node through the access channel.
In this embodiment, after receiving the broadcast frame, the satellite entering the visible area of the ground node may select whether to build a link with the ground node and build a link with a certain ground node based on its own link building requirement, and send a return access application to the selected ground node, where the return access application includes contents such as a satellite ID, a to-be-accessed ground node ID, satellite orbit information, dynamic authentication information, a service application type, an access application class, and the like.
It can be understood that the link establishment requirement of the satellite is determined according to the current service measurement and control data of the satellite, so that the request control of the access ground node can be realized by the satellite according to the task conditions such as the measurement and control service of the satellite. Similarly, there is another way to implement the link establishment between the ground node and the satellite, that is, the ground node is dominant, and when the satellite is detected to be in the range area covered by the ground node, the control center can dominant the link establishment between the ground node and the satellite, so that the efficient and convenient communication connection between the satellite and the ground node can be accurately implemented.
As a preferable mode of the present embodiment, further comprising:
after sending an access application to the ground node, receiving a forward signaling frame sent by the ground node through the access channel; wherein the reply information includes a forward signaling frame; analyzing the forward signaling frame, and opening a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node according to the analyzed forward signaling frame.
In this embodiment, after an access application is sent to the ground node through the satellite, a measurement and control channel construction request that the satellite can perform measurement and control service data transmission with the ground node is sent to the ground node. The request does not represent whether the satellite actively accesses the ground node or the ground node actively accesses the satellite, i.e. the access application indicates that the satellite can access the feedback of the network access with the ground node, so that whether the measurement and control service needs to be initiated on the ground or the satellite needs to be initiated, the satellite needs to send the access application to the ground node to indicate that the satellite can access the ground node. And after the forward signaling frame is sent by the ground node, a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node can be opened.
Specifically, when the ground needs to initiate measurement and control service, a task center firstly sends a service channel opening instruction to a ground node, and then an uplink control packet is sent through the ground node to inform a satellite to switch into the corresponding measurement and control service. When the satellite autonomously initiates the measurement and control service application, a service channel opening instruction is sent to the ground through the control channel return beam, the ground reports the satellite service application condition to the center, and simultaneously, the beam and channel resource allocation is carried out, and the measurement and control channel is established on the satellite ground, so that the service measurement and control is further developed.
Step S103: receiving response information generated by the ground node according to the access application, and opening a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node according to the response information, so as to complete the access of the satellite and the ground node to the network.
As a preferred solution of this embodiment, after the opening of the measurement and control channel for performing service measurement and control data transceiver with the ground node, the method further includes:
transmitting measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving the measurement and control service data transmitted by the ground node through the measurement and control channel; judging whether the broadcast frame sent by the ground node can be continuously received or not through the access channel in the process of sending the measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving the measurement and control service data sent by the ground node; when the broadcast frame is normally received, generating a periodic report frame, and continuously transmitting the periodic report frame to the ground node through the access channel; wherein the periodic report frame includes satellite orbit, health status and working status.
In this embodiment, after receiving a satellite return access application through a return beam, a ground node performs satellite identity authentication and analysis on the access application, calculates a tracking angle of a satellite relative to the node according to the analyzed satellite position information, invokes a measurement and control beam to point to the satellite, and simultaneously transmits access response information through a forward beam, wherein the response information comprises information contents such as a node ID, a satellite ID, an access response, a subsequent work arrangement and the like, and after receiving the response information, the satellite opens a measurement and control channel, thereby completing satellite network access.
In this embodiment, after the satellite enters the network, the ground node continuously transmits forward broadcast information, and the satellite transmits a periodic report frame to the ground node when normally receiving the broadcast frame, where the content includes information such as a satellite orbit, a health state, and the like, so that the ground node transmits the received periodic report frame information to the control center.
As a preferred solution of this embodiment, in a process of sending measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving measurement and control service data sent by the ground node, the method further includes:
continuously performing off-network judgment on the ground node so as to perform stop judgment of a periodic report frame according to the acquired arc segment task of the satellite, the received broadcast frame and the tracking elevation angle of the ground node; if any one of the end of the arc task of the satellite, the overtime of the received broadcast frame or the reaching of the tracking elevation angle with the ground node to the preset low limit is met, stopping sending a periodic report frame to the ground node, generating an off-network bye frame, and sending the off-network bye frame to the ground node through the access channel; if the end of the arc task of the satellite, the overtime of the received broadcast frame or the tracking elevation angle with the ground node reaches a preset low limit are not satisfied, continuing to carry out off-network judgment on the ground node.
In this embodiment, in the process of performing measurement and control service data transmission between the ground node and the satellite, the off-network state judgment between the satellite and the ground node is also required to be performed, so as to ensure the stability and integrity of measurement and control service data transmission between the satellite and the ground node. When the satellite completes the work of the arc section, or the elevation angle to the ground is too low, or the forward signal level (broadcast frame) of the receiving ground node is unstable, namely the off-grid is started, the off-grid and then the frame is sent to the ground, and likewise, the satellite off-grid is judged when the satellite receiving period report frame is overtime. The arc segment task refers to a range of the satellite passing through the ground node and being covered in a full airspace, and for the motion trail of the satellite, the arc segment of the range is the motion trail of the satellite at the ground node.
It can be understood that, for the measurement and control requirements of a large-scale satellite constellation, based on the random access application scenario, the method for realizing satellite-ground random access by adopting the omni-directional antenna transmitting forward broadcast frame mode is designed in the embodiment, so that the method can be used for expanding the random access function of the phased array multi-beam equipment and is also suitable for the construction requirements of a newly-built random access measurement and control system.
Further, the ground node equipment sets an independent random access transmitting channel, frequently transmits broadcast signals, and the forward channel adopts an omni-directional antenna, so that a beam scanning circuit is simplified, and beam control resources are not occupied; and the satellite entering the signal coverage area of the ground node equipment searches the ground broadcast signal by using the receiver without continuously sending the beacon signal, and improves the satellite-ground interaction efficiency on the basis of ensuring the reliability of the satellite-ground interaction.
The implementation of the above embodiment has the following effects:
according to the technical scheme, the identity of the ground node is checked by receiving the broadcast frame sent by the ground node, and then the access application is generated and sent to the ground node, so that the response information generated by the ground node is received, and then the measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node is opened, namely, the return access application is sent only under the condition of access requirement, the problem that the satellite power consumption of a satellite is increased due to the fact that the beacon signal is continuously sent is avoided, the complexity of ground equipment is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the limitation of the number of scanning beams is avoided, a beam forming and beam scanning control circuit is not needed, and the difficulty in system design, operation and maintenance is low.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention further provides a satellite-to-ground access method for a ground node, which includes the following steps S201 to S203:
step S201: broadcast frames are continually sent forward to the beam coverage area.
The ground node is a ground measurement and control system for accessing a satellite to the ground, and is provided with a measurement and control channel and an access channel at the same time, wherein the measurement and control channel is provided with a plurality of beams which have high gain, narrow beams and can be digitally scanned in a full airspace, and each beam is associated with one measurement and control link; the access channel consists of fixed beams with lower gain and full airspace coverage and associated signal processing links; the ground node adopts an omni-directional antenna to send a forward broadcast frame to realize a mode of random access, an access channel forward beam adopts a fixed wide beam mode of full airspace coverage, a return beam adopts a multi-path directional wide beam splicing mode to realize full airspace coverage, and after the access channel finishes random access with a satellite, a measurement and control beam and a corresponding measurement and control link thereof are called to carry out measurement and control data interaction with the satellite.
In this embodiment, the ground node periodically transmits a forward broadcast frame over an omni-directional wide beam. The broadcast frame contains access node ID, authentication information, time code, frame type, check information, etc.
Step S202: and responding to the received access application generated and sent by the satellite, analyzing the access application, and carrying out identity authentication on the satellite according to the analyzed access application.
In this embodiment, after the satellite sends a return access request to the selected ground node, the ground node analyzes the access request, thereby authenticating the satellite identity.
In this embodiment, the authentication of the satellite identity is performed by the ground, the ID information of the satellite is needed, and the position and angle information of the satellite are not needed. In order to prevent false identification or other satellite counterfeit identities, a set of dynamic authentication algorithm is arranged between the satellite and the ground, and the method comprises the following steps: elements participating in authentication calculation, an authentication algorithm and an authentication process. The elements participating in the authentication calculation include: satellite identity codes Sat (corresponding to satellite ID, unique for each satellite), satellite authentication Key (corresponding to Sat, unique for each satellite) and authentication random number Num (generated by the ground, located in a specific field of the forward broadcast frame); the authentication algorithm Func obtains the corresponding number Res through the self-defining algorithm Func according to three parameters of Sat, key, num. The authentication process is as follows: the satellite receives the forward broadcast frame of the ground, solves the random number Num from the forward broadcast frame, obtains Res according to an algorithm Func, and sends the Res to the ground through a specific field of a backward access frame; the ground calls Sat and Key corresponding to the ID according to the satellite ID in the backward access frame, and the corresponding Res is obtained by using an algorithm Func; and comparing the calculated Res with the Res downloaded from the satellite on the ground, and if the Res is consistent with the Res, passing the authentication. The dynamics of the method are reflected in two aspects: firstly, dynamically generating a random number Num; and secondly, the satellite management and control center can replace satellite-ground authentication Key codes as required and upload the Key codes to satellites for updating. Further the security of the method is reflected in two aspects: firstly, the authentication Key and the algorithm Func are not disclosed; and secondly, the cracking difficulty can be improved by increasing the data length and the algorithm complexity.
As a preferable mode of the present embodiment, further comprising:
and responding to an uplink control packet generated by a receiving control center on a task plan, generating a forward signaling frame, and sending the forward signaling frame to the satellite, so that the satellite generates and sends an access application according to the forward signaling frame, and after the satellite is accessed to the measurement and control channel, receiving and transmitting measurement and control service data are realized.
In this embodiment, when the ground needs to initiate the measurement and control service, the task center sends a service channel opening instruction to the ground node, and then sends an uplink control packet through the ground node, so as to generate a forward signaling frame, and send the forward signaling frame to the satellite, thereby implementing notification that the satellite is shifted to the corresponding measurement and control service.
Step S203: and sending response information to the satellite after identity authentication, and simultaneously distributing channel resources for the satellite, so that a measurement and control channel is opened, the satellite is connected to the measurement and control channel after receiving the response information, and then the satellite and the ground node are connected to the network.
As a preferred aspect of this embodiment, after the satellite accesses the measurement and control channel, the method further includes:
continuously receiving a periodic report frame sent by the satellite, forwarding the periodic report frame to a control center, and continuously carrying out off-network judgment on the satellite so as to carry out release channel resource judgment according to the off-network bye frame, the periodic report frame and the satellite position of the satellite; if any one of the received off-network bye frame, the overtime of the receiving period reporting frame and the satellite position not in the forward beam coverage area is met, releasing channel resources, performing off-network marking on the satellite, and performing off-network reporting of the satellite to a control center; if the received off-network bye frame, the overtime of the receiving period reporting frame and the satellite position are not in the coverage area of the forward wave beam are not satisfied, continuing to carry out off-network judgment on the satellite.
In this embodiment, after the satellite is connected to the measurement and control channel, that is, in the process of performing measurement and control service data transmission between the satellite and the ground node, the periodic report frame sent by the satellite is continuously received, and the periodic report frame is forwarded to the control center.
It can be understood that this embodiment is favorable to expanding the function of random access to the phased array multi-beam equipment, in order to solve the insufficient pressure of ground node equipment wave beam/channel quantity, has built several sets of phased array multi-beam measurement and control equipment that do not possess the function of random access in the country at present. When the devices need to expand the random access function, the mode provided by the embodiment of the invention only needs to add an independent forward transmitting channel, and meanwhile, partial beams are separated from the original multi-beam to be used as return receiving beams, so that the method has the advantages of simplified design scheme, small device change amount and easiness in engineering realization. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention is not only suitable for mode selection of newly-built random access systems, but also suitable for adaptive reconstruction of the existing equipment.
The implementation of the above embodiment has the following effects:
compared with the existing forward multi-beam scanning and return panoramic fixed beam method, the method and the device can effectively reduce complexity of ground equipment. The forward fixed wide beam is adopted, the transmitting antenna has a simple structure, and the number of transmitting channels is small; the forward signal fully covers the space, is not limited by the number of scanning beams, does not need a beam forming and beam scanning control circuit, and has low system design, operation and maintenance difficulty. Meanwhile, compared with a mode of continuously sending an access beacon by a satellite, in the mode provided by the method, the satellite does not need to continuously send the access beacon, and only sends a return access application under the condition of having an access requirement, so that the power consumption on the satellite can be effectively saved.
Example III
Referring to fig. 3, a satellite-to-ground access system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of satellites, a plurality of ground nodes and a control center; the control center is connected with a plurality of ground nodes, and each ground node can be in communication connection with any satellite through an access channel and a measurement and control channel.
Each of the satellites is configured to perform the satellite-to-ground satellite access method according to the first embodiment.
Each ground node is configured to perform the satellite-to-ground access method for a ground node according to the second embodiment.
The control center is used for scheduling and controlling tasks of the satellite and the ground node.
In the embodiment, a ground node is used as a ground measurement and control system for accessing a satellite to the ground, and a measurement and control channel and an access channel are simultaneously provided, wherein the measurement and control channel is provided with a plurality of beams which have high gain, narrow beams and can be scanned in a full space domain digital manner, and each beam is associated with one measurement and control link; the access channel consists of fixed beams with lower gain and full airspace coverage and associated signal processing links; the ground node adopts an omni-directional antenna to send a forward broadcast frame to realize a mode of random access, an access channel forward beam adopts a fixed wide beam mode of full airspace coverage, a return beam adopts a multi-path directional wide beam splicing mode to realize full airspace coverage, and after the access channel finishes random access with a satellite, a measurement and control beam and a corresponding measurement and control link thereof are called to carry out measurement and control data interaction with the satellite.
The ground node periodically transmits a forward broadcast frame through an omni-directional wide beam, the broadcast frame comprises contents such as an access node ID, authentication information, a time code, a frame type, verification information and the like, after a satellite entering a visible area of the ground node receives the broadcast information, the satellite selects whether to build a chain with the ground and a certain node based on self chain building requirements, and transmits a return access application to the selected ground node, wherein the return access application comprises contents such as a satellite ID, a node to be accessed ID, satellite orbit information, dynamic authentication information, a service application type, an access application class and the like.
The ground node receives the satellite backward access application through the backward beam, then carries out satellite identity authentication and analyzes the access application, calculates the tracking angle of the satellite relative to the node according to the analyzed satellite position information, calls the measurement and control beam to point to the satellite, simultaneously sends access response information through the forward beam, the response information comprises the contents of a node ID, the satellite ID, the access response, the follow-up work arrangement and the like, and after receiving the response information, the satellite opens a measurement and control channel to complete the satellite network access, and the network access flow is shown in figure 4. After the satellite enters the network, the ground node continuously transmits forward broadcast information, the satellite transmits a periodic report frame to the ground node, the content of the periodic report frame comprises information such as satellite orbit, health state and the like, and the ground node transmits the periodic report frame information to the center, wherein the periodic report flow is shown in figure 5.
When the ground needs to initiate the measurement and control service, a task center sends a measurement and control channel opening instruction to a ground node, and then an uplink control packet is sent through the ground node to inform a satellite to transfer to the corresponding measurement and control service, and the initiation and execution flow of the measurement and control service is shown in fig. 6.
When the satellite autonomously initiates the measurement and control service application, a service channel opening instruction is sent to the ground through a control channel return wave beam, the ground reports the satellite service application condition to the center, meanwhile, wave beam and channel resource allocation is carried out, a measurement and control channel is established on the satellite and the ground, service measurement and control is carried out, and the satellite service measurement and control initiation and execution satellite-ground interaction flow is shown in figure 7.
When the satellite completes the work of the arc section or has too low elevation angle to the ground or the forward signal level of the receiving ground is unstable, off-grid is started, off-grid frames are sent to the ground, the satellite receiving period report frame is overtime, the satellite off-grid is also judged, and the off-grid satellite-ground interaction flow is shown in figure 8.
Referring to fig. 9, a timing chart of data transmission between a satellite and a ground node is shown, where the satellite and the ground node each have an access channel and a measurement and control channel, the measurement and control channels implement transmission of measurement and control service data, and the access channels implement transmission of information such as periodic reporting, forward broadcasting, etc.
The implementation of the above embodiment has the following effects:
by adopting the random access measurement and control system, a multi-beam measurement and control system is built, so that the multi-target simultaneous measurement and control can be realized, the problem of insufficient quantity of measurement and control equipment can be solved, the satellite-ground coordination can be realized, the satellite-ground interaction efficiency can be improved, and the requirement of large-scale in-orbit satellite autonomous operation can be met. Meanwhile, the satellite and the ground are both required to be in addition to the existing measurement and control channel, an access channel is newly added, a measurement and control link is established by utilizing the connection of the access channel, and measurement and control service is developed, so that compared with the current single-beam single-target measurement and control mode, the application of the random access system has to have two conditions, namely, a phased array multi-beam device is built, and the simultaneous tracking of one set of device to multiple targets is realized; secondly, on the basis of the equipment, the random access function is further developed.
Furthermore, the ground equipment of the embodiment of the invention is provided with an independent random access transmitting channel, a broadcasting frame signal is frequently transmitted, an omni-directional antenna is adopted for a forward channel, a beam scanning circuit is simplified, and beam control resources are not occupied. Meanwhile, satellites entering the signal coverage area of the ground equipment are searched by using a receiver, the beacon signal does not need to be continuously transmitted, and the satellite-to-ground information interaction flow improves the satellite-to-ground interaction efficiency on the basis of ensuring the reliability of satellite-to-ground interaction, so that the satellite-to-ground interaction flow can be used for expanding the random access function of the phased array multi-beam equipment and is also suitable for the construction requirement of a newly-built random access measurement and control system.
The foregoing embodiments have been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A satellite-to-ground random access method, for a satellite, comprising:
receiving a broadcast frame sent by a ground node, and performing identity verification on the ground node according to the broadcast frame;
after the ground node identity verification is successful, generating and sending an access application to the ground node;
receiving response information generated by the ground node according to the access application, and opening a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node according to the response information;
transmitting measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving the measurement and control service data transmitted by the ground node through the measurement and control channel; judging whether the broadcast frame sent by the ground node can be continuously received or not through an access channel in the process of sending the measurement and control service data to the ground node or receiving the measurement and control service data sent by the ground node; when the broadcast frame is normally received, generating a periodic report frame, and continuously transmitting the periodic report frame to the ground node through the access channel; the periodic report frame comprises a satellite orbit, a health state and a working state, and the access channel is used for maintaining the communication of an access flow between the satellite and the ground node;
thereby completing the access of the satellite and the ground node to the network.
2. The satellite-to-ground access method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the broadcast frame sent by the ground node and performing identity verification on the ground node according to the broadcast frame specifically comprises:
receiving a broadcast frame of an omni-directional wide beam periodically sent by a ground node through an access channel; wherein the broadcast frame includes: ground node information, authentication information, time codes, frame types and verification information;
and analyzing the ground node information, the authentication information, the time code, the frame type and the verification information, so that the identity of the ground node is verified and authenticated through the analyzed broadcast frame.
3. The satellite-to-ground access method of claim 2, wherein after the ground node identity verification is successful, generating and sending an access application to the ground node, specifically comprising:
after the ground node identity is successfully checked, judging whether a link establishment requirement with the ground node exists according to the current service measurement and control data of the satellite;
if the link establishment requirement exists, an access application for accessing the ground node to the network is generated, and the access application is sent to the ground node through the access channel.
4. A satellite-to-ground access method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, further comprising:
after sending an access application to the ground node, receiving a forward signaling frame sent by the ground node through the access channel; wherein the reply information includes a forward signaling frame;
analyzing the forward signaling frame, and opening a measurement and control channel for receiving and transmitting service measurement and control data with the ground node according to the analyzed forward signaling frame.
5. The satellite-to-ground access method of claim 4, further comprising, in transmitting measurement and control traffic data to the ground node or receiving measurement and control traffic data transmitted by the ground node:
continuously performing off-network judgment on the ground node so as to perform stop judgment of a periodic report frame according to the acquired arc segment task of the satellite, the received broadcast frame and the tracking elevation angle of the ground node;
if any one of the end of the arc task of the satellite, the overtime of the received broadcast frame or the reaching of the tracking elevation angle with the ground node to the preset low limit is met, stopping sending a periodic report frame to the ground node, generating an off-network bye frame, and sending the off-network bye frame to the ground node through the access channel;
if the end of the arc task of the satellite, the overtime of the received broadcast frame or the tracking elevation angle with the ground node reaches a preset low limit are not satisfied, continuing to carry out off-network judgment on the ground node.
6. A satellite-to-ground random access method, characterized by comprising:
continuously transmitting broadcast frames forward to a beam coverage area;
responding to an access application generated and sent by a satellite, analyzing the access application, and carrying out identity authentication on the satellite according to the analyzed access application;
transmitting response information to the satellite after identity authentication, and simultaneously distributing channel resources for the satellite, so that a measurement and control channel is opened, and the satellite is accessed to the measurement and control channel after receiving the response information;
continuously receiving a periodic report frame sent by the satellite, forwarding the periodic report frame to a control center, and continuously carrying out off-network judgment on the satellite so as to carry out release channel resource judgment according to the off-network bye frame, the periodic report frame and the satellite position of the satellite; if any one of the received off-network bye frame, the overtime of the receiving period reporting frame and the satellite position not in the forward beam coverage area is met, releasing channel resources, performing off-network marking on the satellite, and performing off-network reporting of the satellite to a control center; if the received off-network bye frame, the overtime of the receiving period reporting frame and the satellite position are not in the forward beam coverage area are not satisfied, continuing to carry out off-network judgment on the satellite;
and then the satellite and the ground node are accessed to the network.
7. The satellite-to-ground access method of claim 6, further comprising:
and responding to an uplink control packet generated by a receiving control center on a task plan, generating a forward signaling frame, and sending the forward signaling frame to the satellite, so that the satellite generates and sends an access application according to the forward signaling frame, and after the satellite is accessed to the measurement and control channel, receiving and transmitting measurement and control service data are realized.
8. A satellite-to-ground access system, comprising: a plurality of satellites, a plurality of ground nodes and a control center; the control center is connected with a plurality of ground nodes, and each ground node can be connected with any satellite in a communication way through an access channel and a measurement and control channel;
each of the satellites for performing a satellite-to-ground access method as claimed in any one of claims 1-5;
each ground node configured to perform a satellite-to-ground access method according to any one of claims 6-7;
the control center is used for scheduling and controlling tasks of the satellite and the ground node.
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