CN117118365B - Millimeter wave frequency source array and wireless energy transmission equipment based on cascade phase control - Google Patents
Millimeter wave frequency source array and wireless energy transmission equipment based on cascade phase control Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave frequency source array and wireless energy transmission equipment based on cascade phase control, which comprises a vibration source and a plurality of cascade identical phase control units, wherein each phase control unit comprises at least four interactive interfaces, each of the four interactive interfaces comprises a fundamental wave input interface, a fundamental wave output interface, a millimeter wave output interface and a control interface, a local oscillation source is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of a first-stage phase control unit, and the fundamental wave output interface of a previous-stage phase control unit is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of a next-stage phase control unit; the local oscillation source is used for generating a preset fundamental wave signal; and the phase control unit is used for generating a millimeter wave signal with preset phase shift output from the millimeter wave output interface and a fundamental wave signal with preset phase shift output from the fundamental wave output interface according to the driving signal input by the fundamental wave input interface and the control signal input by the control interface. The embodiment of the invention can reduce the power consumption and the cost, is convenient to expand, and can be widely applied to the wireless energy transmission field of electronic systems and the radar technical field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless energy transmission technology and radar technology of electronic systems, in particular to a millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control and wireless energy transmission equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of the electronic industry, millimeter wave wireless devices such as millimeter wave radars, millimeter wave base stations, millimeter wave satellite communication modules and the like are widely applied to the wireless energy transmission field and the radar technical field of electronic systems due to comprehensive advantages of the millimeter wave wireless devices in the aspects of device size, beam controllability, interference resistance and the like. The phased millimeter wave frequency source, as a core component of the millimeter wave wireless system, often needs multiple channels and has amplitude and phase shift control functions to form a large-scale phased array, and has beam scanning capability while providing required energy transmission or detection targets.
The traditional phase control millimeter wave frequency source array consists of the vibration source and a passive phase shifter, but the passive phase shifter has the defects of large amplitude change, low phase precision and high miniaturization difficulty, and influences the output efficiency and the beam regulation capability of the millimeter wave frequency source array. In order to solve the problems of miniaturization and large phase shift amplitude variation of the traditional phase control millimeter wave frequency source array, chinese patent publication No. CN107069905A (Wireless Power transmitter, wireless Power receiver and method for using the same) provides a phase control millimeter wave frequency source array, signals are directly fed to a transmitting unit in parallel through a power division network by a local oscillator source, and then independent phase shifting is carried out by a phase shifter in the transmitting unit, so that the defects of the traditional phase control millimeter wave frequency source array are overcome. In another related patent, another phased millimeter wave frequency source array is provided, different phases are generated by the local oscillator, and the phases are fed to the transmitting unit in parallel for screening and subsequent processing, so that the defects of the traditional phased millimeter wave frequency source array are optimized.
However, in order for each transmitting unit to obtain signals with the same phase and the same power from the local oscillator source, the two schemes need to use a power division network to feed signals, so that the problems of overload of the local oscillator source, high expansion difficulty, high transmission loss, complex structure, high cost and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a millimeter wave frequency source array and a wireless energy transmission device based on cascade phase control, which can reduce power consumption and cost, and facilitate expansion.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control, including a present vibration source and a plurality of cascade phase control units, where each phase control unit has the same structure, and the phase control units include four interaction interfaces, where the four interaction interfaces include a fundamental wave input interface, a fundamental wave output interface, a millimeter wave output interface, and a control interface, the local vibration source is connected to the fundamental wave input interface of a first-stage phase control unit, and the fundamental wave output interface of a previous-stage phase control unit is connected to the fundamental wave input interface of a next-stage phase control unit; wherein,
the local oscillation source is used for generating fundamental wave signals;
the phase control unit is used for generating a millimeter wave signal with preset phase shift output from the millimeter wave output interface and a fundamental wave signal with preset phase shift output from the fundamental wave output interface according to a driving signal input by the fundamental wave input interface and a control signal input by the control interface.
Optionally, the phase control unit further includes an injection locked oscillator, a first differentiator, a second differentiator, and a power module, where the millimeter wave output interface and the control interface are both connected to the injection locked oscillator, the fundamental wave input interface is connected to the injection locked oscillator through the first differentiator, the injection locked oscillator is connected to the fundamental wave output interface through the second differentiator, and the power module provides electric energy for the phase control unit.
Optionally, the injection locked oscillator includes an inductor-capacitor resonator, an oscillation unit, an injection unit and an output buffer, two ends of the inductor-capacitor resonator are respectively connected with a differential output port of the injection locked oscillator, two ends of the oscillation unit are respectively connected with two ends of the inductor-capacitor resonator, two input ends of the injection unit are respectively connected with a differential input port of the injection locked oscillator, two output ends of the injection unit are respectively connected with a differential output port of the injection locked oscillator, the differential output port of the injection locked oscillator is connected with the output buffer through the second differential device, and the inductor-capacitor resonator, the oscillation unit and the injection unit form a reset unit; wherein,
the inductance-capacitance resonator is used for adjusting a resonance peak to adjust resonance frequency;
the oscillating unit is used for starting oscillation and compensating energy loss of the inductance-capacitance resonator;
the injection unit is used for generating injection current according to the input differential signal, and the injection current is input to the inductance-capacitance resonator;
the reset unit is used for power reset;
the output buffer is used for resetting power.
Optionally, the inductance-capacitance resonator includes an inductance, a multi-bit switched capacitor array and a plurality of varactors, the inductance, the plurality of varactors and the multi-bit switched capacitor array are connected in parallel, and two ends of the inductance-capacitance resonator are respectively connected with a differential output port of the injection locking oscillator.
Optionally, the oscillating unit includes a first field effect tube, a second field effect tube and a first current source, a gate electrode of the first field effect tube is connected with a drain electrode of the second field effect tube, a gate electrode of the second field effect tube is connected with a drain electrode of the first field effect tube, source electrodes of the first field effect tube and the second field effect tube are both connected with the first current source, and drain electrodes of the first field effect tube and the second field effect tube are respectively connected with two ends of the inductance-capacitance resonator.
Optionally, the injection unit includes a third field effect tube, a fourth field effect tube and a second current source, gates of the third field effect tube and the fourth field effect tube are respectively connected with a differential input port of the injection locking oscillator, drains of the third field effect tube and the fourth field effect tube are respectively connected with two ends of the lc resonator, and sources of the third field effect tube and the fourth field effect tube are both connected with the second current source.
Optionally, the millimeter wave frequency source array further comprises a frequency multiplier and/or a power amplifier connected in series between the injection locked oscillator and the millimeter wave output interface.
Optionally, the power supply module includes a bandgap reference power supply and a low voltage linear voltage regulator, wherein an output of the bandgap reference power supply is connected to an input of the low voltage linear voltage regulator.
Optionally, the control interface includes a serial peripheral interface, and serial peripheral interfaces of the plurality of phase control units are connected in cascade.
Optionally, adjacent two-stage phase control units are connected through microstrip stubs.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless energy transmission device, including a digital controller, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna, and the millimeter wave frequency source array, where an output of the digital controller is connected to a control interface of the millimeter wave frequency source array, a millimeter wave output interface of the millimeter wave frequency source array is connected to an input of the power amplifier, and an output of the power amplifier is connected to the transmitting antenna; wherein,
the digital controller is used for generating a control signal;
the power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of millimeter wave signals with preset phase shift output by the millimeter wave output interface;
the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting millimeter wave signals with amplified power.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the millimeter wave frequency source array in the embodiment comprises the vibration source and a plurality of cascaded phase control units, the structures of the phase control units are the same, each phase control unit comprises a fundamental wave input interface, a fundamental wave output interface, a millimeter wave output interface and a control interface, the local oscillation source is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of the first-stage phase control unit, the fundamental wave output interface of the last-stage phase control unit is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of the next-stage phase control unit, the fundamental wave signals generated by the local oscillation source are input into the first-stage phase control unit through the fundamental wave input interface of the first-stage phase control unit to serve as driving signals, and for non-first-stage phase control units, the fundamental wave signals with preset phase shifts generated by the fundamental wave output interface of the last-stage phase control unit are input into the next-stage phase control unit through the fundamental wave input interface of the next-stage phase control unit to serve as driving signals, so that only one local oscillation source load is needed, a power division network is not needed, and power consumption can be reduced; in addition, a plurality of phase control units with the same structure are cascaded, so that the loss can be reduced, the expansion is easy, and the cost can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a related art phased millimeter wave frequency source array;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a serial peripheral interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a phase control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an injection locked oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an injection locked oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a 3-frequency multiplier according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a side view of a phase control unit connection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a top view of a phase control unit connection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a top view of another phase control element connection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless energy transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set for convenience of illustration only, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way, and the execution order of the steps in the embodiments may be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments" which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is to be understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and can be combined with one another without conflict.
In the following description, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects, it being understood that the "first", "second", "third" may be interchanged with a specific order or sequence, as permitted, to enable embodiments of the invention described herein to be practiced otherwise than as illustrated or described herein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
In the related art, referring to fig. 1 (a), a millimeter wave frequency source array includes a local oscillation source B, a power division network, a plurality of phase shifters and a post-processing unit, wherein the local oscillation source B generates a millimeter wave signal, and after passing through the power division network, the millimeter wave signal is fed into each phase control unit in parallel, and the phase shifters in each phase control unit independently generate the phase required by the array; or referring to (B) in fig. 1, the device is composed of a local oscillation source B, a power division network, a plurality of phase selectors and a post-processing component, millimeter wave signals with a plurality of phases are generated by the local oscillation source B, and the phases required by corresponding units are selected through the power division network and the phase selectors. Because the phase shifters or the phase selectors are in a parallel structure, the parallel structure needs to adopt a power division network to feed signals, so that the parallel phase control millimeter wave frequency source is overloaded, has larger transmission loss, is difficult to expand multiple channels and has high cost.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control, including a local oscillation source B and a plurality of cascade phase control units, where each phase control unit has the same structure, and each phase control unit includes at least four interaction interfaces, where each four interaction interfaces includes a fundamental wave input interface V1, a fundamental wave output interface V3, a millimeter wave output interface V4, and a control interface V2, where the local oscillation source B is connected to the fundamental wave input interface V1 of a first-stage phase control unit, and the fundamental wave output interface V3 of a previous-stage phase control unit is connected to the fundamental wave input interface V1 of a next-stage phase control unit; wherein,
the local oscillation source B is used for generating fundamental wave signals;
the phase control unit is configured to generate a millimeter wave signal with a preset phase shift output from the millimeter wave output interface V4 and a fundamental wave signal with a preset phase shift output from the fundamental wave output interface V3 according to a driving signal input from the fundamental wave input interface V1 and a control signal Dctrl input from the control interface V2.
It should be noted that, the number of cascaded phase control units is 3 or more, and the specific number is determined according to practical application, which is not limited in this embodiment. The fundamental wave input interface of the first-stage phase control unit is connected with the vibration source, except the first-stage phase control unit, the fundamental wave input interface of the next-stage phase control unit is connected with the fundamental wave output interface of the last-stage phase control unit, and if the phase control unit is the last-stage phase control unit, the fundamental wave output interface is suspended. Therefore, each phase control unit is cascaded in a mode of driving only the next phase control unit, so that the whole cascaded phase control millimeter wave frequency source array is formed, and a power division network is not needed.
The vibration source automatically generates fundamental wave signals required by the working frequency band under the condition of only providing power supply and directly feeds the fundamental wave signals to the first stageA phase control unit; the signal entering the first-stage phase control unit will generateΔφThe phase shift of the phase shift circuit is divided into two paths at the output, one path is supplied to the post-stage processing component, and the other path is supplied to the next-stage phase control unit; the next-stage phase control unit repeats the work of the previous-stage phase control unit, and the phase of the previous-stage phase control unit is shiftedΔφOn the basis of which a linear phase shift is further produced, e.g.2*Δφ、3*Δφ. Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, a small power coupling signal of one phase control unit is adopted to excite another phase control unit through a locking technology, so as to implement two-phase parameters of the phase control unit, where two-phase parameters refer to that an output phase difference of any two adjacent phase control units is a fixed value; and the phase shift control technology based on the injection locking oscillation source excitation path can obtain lossless/high-gain insertion phase shift.
It should be noted that the phase shift of the phase control unit change is determined according to practical applications, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited. Alternatively, the magnitude of the phase shift is controlled by a control signal, which may be a digital signal or an analog signal.
In some embodiments, the phase control unit may be an injection locked oscillator as a core, and its function is to lock the output frequency by using the characteristics of the injection locking structure, where the input frequency is unchanged, and the output frequency will follow the input oscillation frequency. Meanwhile, when the input frequency is fixed, different output phases under the same input frequency can be obtained by changing the local oscillation frequency of the oscillator, so that phase regulation and control are realized.
Optionally, the millimeter wave frequency source array further comprises a frequency multiplier and/or a power amplifier connected in series between the injection locked oscillator and the millimeter wave output interface.
The frequency multiplier is used for increasing the frequency and the phase of the input signal by integer times, and the power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the input signal. The frequency multiplier or the power amplifier is determined according to practical application requirements, and the frequency multiplier or the power amplifier can be selected or the frequency multiplier and the power amplifier can be selected at the same time.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the millimeter wave frequency source array further comprises a power amplifier PA. The local oscillator source directly works in millimeter wave frequency band, the injection locking oscillator provides 0-180 degree phase shift, the phase shifted differential signal is connected to the power amplifier in an in-phase/anti-phase mode, the signal form is controlled by two groups of switches, and therefore the phase control unit can output 0-360 degree phase shifted signals.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the millimeter wave frequency source array further includes a frequency multiplier and a power amplifier, the fundamental wave output interface of the injection locked oscillator is connected to the input of the 3 frequency multiplier, the output of the 3 frequency multiplier is connected to the input of the power amplifier, and the output of the power amplifier is connected to the post-processing component.
Optionally, the control interface includes a serial peripheral interface, and serial peripheral interfaces of the plurality of phase control units are connected in cascade.
In this embodiment, to save chip area and reduce the use of control ports, the phased mmwave frequency source array controls the circuit by using a cascaded serial peripheral interface (SPI, serial Peripheral Interface). Referring to fig. 5, on the phased mmwave frequency source array, the serial peripheral device performs chip selection of the phased unit by cascade connection and external serial signal selecting address bits. The serial peripheral interface in the phase control unit can convert the external serial digital control signal into an internal parallel digital control signal (CHIP 1/CHIP2/CHIP3/CHIP 4), and further control the digital-to-analog converter, the switched capacitor array and other modules in the CHIP, thereby completing all the functions of the phase control unit. Meanwhile, the interface also has a serial peripheral interface which is output to the next stage unit, and the control of signal cascade and the whole array is completed.
Optionally, the phase control unit further includes an injection locked oscillator, a first differentiator, a second differentiator, and a power module, where the millimeter wave output interface and the control interface are both connected to the injection locked oscillator, the fundamental wave input interface is connected to the injection locked oscillator through the first differentiator, the injection locked oscillator is connected to the fundamental wave output interface through the second differentiator, and the power module provides electric energy for the phase control unit.
It should be noted that the differentiator is determined according to practical applications, and the embodiment is not limited specifically, for example, the differentiator is a balun circuit.
In the phase control unit, a power supply module converts input voltage into voltage required by the phase control unit, single-ended signals are injected by a fundamental wave input interface, converted into differential signals through a differentiator, and injected into an injection locking oscillator for phase shifting; the output port of the injection locking oscillator is two paths of differential ports, and the two paths of differential ports are connected in series with an output buffer; the phase-shifted differential signals are fed to the differentiator by one output buffer, converted into single-ended signals, and output to the next phase control unit by the fundamental wave output interface; the other output buffer feeds the differential signal to the post-stage circuit for processing and outputting through the millimeter wave output interface.
In one specific embodiment, referring to fig. 6, the phase control unit includes an Injection locked oscillator (ILO, injection Locked Oscillator), an Injection locked tripler (ILFT, injection-Locked Frequency tripler), a power supply module (BG-LDO, bandgap-low dropout regulator, bandgap reference-low dropout linear regulator), a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and a Power Amplifier (PA). In the working state, if the phase control unit is the first stage, the input signal of the phase control unit is output from a signal source or a phase-locked loop; if the phase control unit is not the first stage, the input signal of the phase control unit is the output signal from the previous stage. Input signal (LO) N ) Is injected into an Injection Locked Oscillator (ILO) through the input balun into a differential signal, phase-shifted by a digital control signal (D ctrlN ) Control through a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI); after phase shifting, the signal is output in two paths, one signal is amplified by a buffer, the output of the buffer is maintained at the same power level due to the nonlinear characteristic of the amplifier, thereby resetting the output power of the signal, and finally, the stage is subjected to power reset (LO N+1 ) Input to the next stage; the other signal is fed into injection locking tripler (ILFT) for frequency and phase multiplication, and then power enhancement by Pre-power amplifier (Pre_PA) to achieve millimeterThe wave band is a large phase shift range, high power signal (LO RF output) to increase the energy transmission distance.
Optionally, the injection locked oscillator includes an inductor-capacitor resonator, an oscillation unit, an injection unit and an output buffer, two ends of the inductor-capacitor resonator are respectively connected with a differential output port of the injection locked oscillator, two ends of the oscillation unit are respectively connected with two ends of the inductor-capacitor resonator, two input ends of the injection unit are respectively connected with a differential input port of the injection locked oscillator, two output ends of the injection unit are respectively connected with a differential output port of the injection locked oscillator, the differential output port of the injection locked oscillator is connected with the output buffer through the second differential device, and the inductor-capacitor resonator, the oscillation unit and the injection unit form a reset unit; wherein,
the inductance-capacitance resonator is used for adjusting a resonance peak to adjust resonance frequency;
the oscillating unit is used for starting oscillation and compensating energy loss of the inductance-capacitance resonator;
the injection unit is used for generating injection current according to the input differential signal, and the injection current is input to the inductance-capacitance resonator;
the reset unit is used for power reset;
the output buffer is used for resetting power.
IN a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 7, two ends of the lc resonator are connected to differential output ports V5 and V6 of the injection locked oscillator, two ends of the oscillating unit are connected to differential output ports V5 and V6 of the injection locked oscillator, an input end (in+/IN-) of the injecting unit is connected to differential input ports V5 and V6 of the injection locked oscillator, an output end of the injecting unit is connected to differential output ports V5 and V6 of the injection locked oscillator, and differential output ports V5 and V6 of the injection locked oscillator are connected to an input (out+/OUT-) of the differentiator through an output buffer. The output buffer is used for amplifying the signals and can be replaced by any amplifier suitable for the working frequency band.
Optionally, the inductance-capacitance resonator includes an inductance, a multi-bit switched capacitor array and a plurality of varactors, the inductance, the plurality of varactors and the multi-bit switched capacitor array are connected in parallel, and two ends of the inductance-capacitance resonator are respectively connected with a differential output port of the injection locking oscillator. The varactors are connected in parallel with the inductor to form two ends of an inductor-capacitor resonator, and the two ends of the inductor-capacitor resonator and the adjacent varactors are connected with the multi-bit switch capacitor array
It should be noted that, the number of bits of the switched capacitor array is determined according to practical applications, and the embodiment is not particularly limited. The number of varactors is determined according to practical applications, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
In a specific embodiment, referring to FIG. 8, the lc resonator consists of an array of inductors, 7-bit switched capacitorsb 0 ~b 6 ) A pair of varactors. The inductor is connected in series with a pair of varactors, the 7-bit switched capacitor array is respectively connected between the inductor and the varactors and between the pair of varactors, and two ends of the inductor are respectively connected with differential output ports V5 and V6 of the injection locking oscillator. The inductance-capacitance resonator can realize coarse adjustment of the frequency and the impedance of the resonator by controlling the capacitance value of the switched capacitor array through 7-bit digital bits, and realize fine adjustment of the frequency and the impedance by controlling the capacitance Guan Rong value through a digital-to-analog converter with 10-bit digital control bits.
Optionally, the oscillating unit includes a first field effect tube, a second field effect tube and a first current source, a gate electrode of the first field effect tube is connected with a drain electrode of the second field effect tube, a gate electrode of the second field effect tube is connected with a drain electrode of the first field effect tube, source electrodes of the first field effect tube and the second field effect tube are both connected with the first current source, and drain electrodes of the first field effect tube and the second field effect tube are respectively connected with two ends of the inductance-capacitance resonator.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 8, the oscillating unit includes a first fetM osc1 Second field effect transistorM osc2 And a first current sourceI osc First field effect transistorM osc1 Gate electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected withM osc2 Drain electrode of the second field effect transistorM osc2 Gate electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected withM osc1 Drain electrode of first field effect transistorM osc1 And a second field effect transistorM osc2 The sources of the first voltage source are connected withI osc First field effect transistorM osc1 And a second field effect transistorM osc2 The drains of which are connected to differential output ports V5 and V6 of the injection locked oscillator, respectively.M osc1 And (3) withM osc2 The negative resistances and the LC resonators are connected in a cross-coupled manner to form a self-resonant circuit, and the generated negative resistances are used for starting and compensating energy losses in the LC resonators.
Optionally, the injection unit includes a third field effect tube, a fourth field effect tube and a second current source, gates of the third field effect tube and the fourth field effect tube are respectively connected with a differential input port of the injection locking oscillator, drains of the third field effect tube and the fourth field effect tube are respectively connected with two ends of the inductance capacitance resonator, and sources of the third field effect tube and the fourth field effect tube are both connected with the second current source.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 8, the injection unit includes a third fetM inj1 Fourth field effect transistorM inj2 And a second current sourceI inj Third field effect transistorM inj1 And a fourth field effect transistorM inj2 The grid electrode of the third field effect transistor is respectively connected with the differential input ports V5 and V6 of the injection locking oscillatorM inj1 And a fourth field effect transistorM inj2 The drain electrodes of the third field effect transistor are respectively connected with the differential output ports IN+ and IN-of the injection locking oscillatorM inj1 And a fourth field effect transistorM inj2 The emitters of (a) are connected with a second current sourceI inj . The injection unit is composed ofM inj1 And (3) withM inj2 Tail current sourceI inj Composition byM inj1 And (3) withM inj2 Two transconductance stagesThe injected differential signal is converted into injection current which is injected into the inductance-capacitance resonator, and the injection current is obtained by a tail current sourceI inj A decision is made to lock the oscillation frequency in the injection frequency. The output phase can be changed by changing the self-resonant frequency of the oscillator.
It should be noted that the field effect transistor includes, but is not limited to, NPN type or PNP type field effect transistor, and the field effect transistor may also be replaced by a triode, and a circuit of the triode is connected with the reference field effect transistor.
In one particular embodiment, referring to fig. 9, the injection-locked tripler consists essentially of two parts: harmonic generator and injection locked oscillator. By utilizing the nonlinear characteristics of the MOS tube, the harmonic generator can generate various subharmonic signals of input frequency; these harmonics are then injected into the oscillator, and when the resonant frequency of the oscillator is about three times the frequency of the input signal, the third harmonic obtains a greater loop gain relative to the other harmonics, that is, the resonant cavity of the oscillator is able to amplify the third harmonic while suppressing the other harmonics, so that the circuit achieves a frequency tripled function. The tail inductor in the tripler is used for resonating with the parasitic capacitor to generate a 2 nd harmonic and generate a new third harmonic by mixing with the fundamental frequency. This greatly increases the injection efficiency of the third harmonic and also greatly improves the locking range. After the fundamental wave signal passes through the tripler, the phase shift of the fundamental wave signal is tripled and expanded, and the phase shift range of the phase control unit is greatly improved. Finally, the output signal of the tripler is coupled through a transformer and is input into a power amplifier, so that the output signal with high power can be further obtained.
Optionally, the power supply module includes a bandgap reference power supply and a low voltage linear voltage regulator, wherein an output of the bandgap reference power supply is connected to an input of the low voltage linear voltage regulator.
Because the external power supply is greatly affected by temperature, has higher noise power and more interference, a power management chip (BG-LDO) is required to be added in the chip to provide a clean and stable power supply so as to improve the phase shift precision of the phase control unit. Specifically, referring to fig. 10, the power module is composed of a bandgap reference source and a low dropout linear regulator, the bandgap reference source provides a reference voltage which does not change with temperature and is not interfered by external noise, the low dropout linear regulator converts the reference voltage into a stable voltage source capable of outputting large current, and the stable voltage source is finally supplied to the inside of the phase control unit for use.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 11, the millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control includes 4 cascaded injection locking oscillators, 4 injection locking 3 frequency multipliers and 4 amplifiers, the injection locking 3 frequency multipliers are cascaded with the amplifiers and then connected with millimeter wave output interfaces of the injection locking oscillators, a power module provides power for each element of the millimeter wave frequency source array, and a control signal Dctrl generates different control signals (Dctrl 1-Dctrl 4) through Serial Peripheral Interfaces (SPI) to respectively control the different injection locking oscillators.
Optionally, adjacent two-stage phase control units are connected through microstrip stubs.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 12 to 14, each of the phase control units is cascaded on the printed circuit board, the input source signal is input from the printed circuit board to the inside of the phase control unit through the gold wire S, and the output signal is output from the inside of the phase control unit to the printed circuit board opposite to the input signal. The phase shift signal transmission and matching between the phase control units is composed of microstrip stubs. In other embodiments, to reduce cascading losses or increase integration, the printed circuit board connection may be replaced with a flip-chip package connection, an on-chip connection, etc., and the phased units may be expanded in cascade by the same method to increase the number of array units. Because the working frequency is high, the loss of the direct off-chip connection may cause the next stage unit to be unable to be excited, so that the inter-stage connection is a more reliable way to connect the input and output ports of the phase control unit inside the chip by using on-chip connection. Wherein AP represents a bonding pad, CHIP represents a millimeter wave frequency source array CHIP, TOP/DIE/BOT forms a printed circuit board, JS represents TOP metal.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the millimeter wave frequency source array in the embodiment comprises the vibration source and a plurality of cascaded phase control units, the structures of the phase control units are the same, each phase control unit comprises a fundamental wave input interface, a fundamental wave output interface, a millimeter wave output interface and a control interface, the local oscillation source is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of the first-stage phase control unit, the fundamental wave output interface of the last-stage phase control unit is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of the next-stage phase control unit, fundamental wave signals generated by the local oscillation source are input into the first-stage phase control unit through the fundamental wave input interface of the first-stage phase control unit to serve as driving signals, and for non-first-stage phase control units, fundamental wave signals with preset phase shifts generated by the fundamental wave output interface of the last-stage phase control unit are input into the next-stage phase control unit through the fundamental wave input interface of the next-stage phase control unit to serve as driving signals, so that only one local oscillation source load drives the first-stage phase control unit instead of driving a plurality of phase shift links, and local oscillation source loads are greatly lightened; in addition, the power division network is not required to feed signals, so that the passive loss of the power division network is saved, and the power division network has the advantage of lower power consumption compared with a parallel structure; in addition, the phase control units are all of the same structure, have the capability of receiving a pre-stage driving signal to generate a preset phase shift and generating a post-stage driving signal, can expand a large number of units by simply copying the phase control units and connecting the phase control units in the mode, form multiple channels, are easy to expand, and can reduce cost. In addition, in the embodiment, only 259mW of direct current power consumption is consumed by one phase control unit, 17dBm of millimeter waves can be output, the conversion efficiency reaches 20%, and the conversion efficiency is a higher level in the current industry.
The phase control unit takes the injection locking oscillator as a core, the power resetting of the first step is completed through the injection locking technology, and then the buffer further resets the power, so that all the phase control units can output signals at the same power level, and the array wave beam can be controlled conveniently.
The output phase difference of any adjacent two-stage phase control units is a fixed value, so the phase shift requirement of the linear phased array is naturally adapted.
Since the cascaded phased array architecture can be cascaded in an off-chip connection, only multiple cells need to be fabricated per stream chip, rather than the entire source array. Therefore, the manufacturing cost is uniformly distributed on each unit, and the cost for manufacturing the source array is greatly reduced.
The control codes/signals of the single phase control unit can be multiplexed to the rest phase control units, so that the design cost of the control codes/signals is simplified, and the cost of the phase control millimeter wave frequency source array is greatly reduced.
In addition, as the phase control unit does not have an active device of a frequency multiplier, the power consumption caused by the phase control unit can be saved; and the frequency multiplier often uses an on-chip inductor, and the on-chip inductor is a component with larger occupied area inside the chip, so that the frequency multiplier is removed, thereby being beneficial to reducing the area of the chip. Because the inter-stage connection is in-chip connection, the size is smaller, and the direct connection has almost no influence on signal transmission and matching, the whole design of the cascade phase control millimeter wave frequency source array with multiple channels can be completed through simple copying, and the design difficulty is small.
Referring to fig. 15, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless energy transmission device, including a digital controller, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna and the millimeter wave frequency source array, where an output of the digital controller is connected to a control interface of the millimeter wave frequency source array, a millimeter wave output interface of the millimeter wave frequency source array is connected to an input of the power amplifier, and an output of the power amplifier is connected to the transmitting antenna; wherein,
the digital controller is used for generating a control signal;
the power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of millimeter wave signals with preset phase shift output by the millimeter wave output interface;
the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting millimeter wave signals with amplified power.
Specifically, the wireless energy transmission device is used for transmitting millimeter waves with high power to provide electric energy for the wireless device.
Specifically, the digital controller is used for generating a serial digital control signal, and the serial digital control signal is input to the millimeter wave frequency source array through the control interface; the millimeter wave frequency source array generates millimeter wave signals with preset phase shift output from the millimeter wave output interface according to the driving signals input by the fundamental wave input interface and the control signals input by the control interface, and the millimeter wave signals with preset phase shift are input to the power amplifier; the power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the millimeter wave signal with the preset phase shift, and transmitting the amplified millimeter wave signal with the preset phase shift through the transmitting antenna.
It should be noted that the millimeter wave frequency source array includes a plurality of phase control units, and a millimeter wave output interface of one phase control unit is connected with a power amplifier, and a power amplifier is connected with a transmitting antenna.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The millimeter wave frequency source array based on cascade phase control is characterized by comprising a vibration source and a plurality of cascade phase control units, wherein each phase control unit has the same structure, each phase control unit comprises four interaction interfaces, each interaction interface comprises a fundamental wave input interface, a fundamental wave output interface, a millimeter wave output interface and a control interface, the local vibration source is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of a first-stage phase control unit, and the fundamental wave output interface of a last-stage phase control unit is connected with the fundamental wave input interface of a next-stage phase control unit; wherein,
the local oscillation source is used for generating fundamental wave signals;
the phase control unit is used for generating a millimeter wave signal with preset phase shift output from the millimeter wave output interface and a fundamental wave signal with preset phase shift output from the fundamental wave output interface according to a driving signal input by the fundamental wave input interface and a control signal input by the control interface;
the phase control unit further comprises an injection locking oscillator, a first differentiator, a second differentiator and a power supply module, wherein the millimeter wave output interface and the control interface are both connected with the injection locking oscillator, the fundamental wave input interface is connected with the injection locking oscillator through the first differentiator, the injection locking oscillator is connected with the fundamental wave output interface through the second differentiator, and the power supply module provides electric energy for the phase control unit.
2. The millimeter wave frequency source array according to claim 1, wherein the injection locked oscillator comprises an inductance-capacitance resonator, an oscillation unit, an injection unit and an output buffer, both ends of the inductance-capacitance resonator are respectively connected with differential output ports of the injection locked oscillator, both ends of the oscillation unit are respectively connected with both ends of the inductance-capacitance resonator, both input ends of the injection unit are respectively connected with differential input ports of the injection locked oscillator, both output ends of the injection unit are respectively connected with differential output ports of the injection locked oscillator, the differential output ports of the injection locked oscillator are connected with the output buffer through the second differential device, and the inductance-capacitance resonator, the oscillation unit and the injection unit constitute a reset unit; wherein,
the inductance-capacitance resonator is used for adjusting a resonance peak to adjust resonance frequency;
the oscillating unit is used for starting oscillation and compensating energy loss of the inductance-capacitance resonator;
the injection unit is used for generating injection current according to the input differential signal, and the injection current is input to the inductance-capacitance resonator;
the reset unit is used for power reset;
the output buffer is used for resetting power.
3. The millimeter-wave frequency source array of claim 2, wherein the lc resonator comprises an inductor, a multi-bit switched capacitor array and a plurality of varactors, the inductor, the plurality of varactors and the multi-bit switched capacitor array being connected in parallel, two ends of the lc resonator being connected to differential output ports of the injection locked oscillator, respectively.
4. The millimeter wave frequency source array of claim 2, wherein the oscillating unit comprises a first field effect transistor, a second field effect transistor and a first current source, wherein a gate electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected with a drain electrode of the second field effect transistor, a gate electrode of the second field effect transistor is connected with a drain electrode of the first field effect transistor, source electrodes of the first field effect transistor and the second field effect transistor are both connected with the first current source, and drain electrodes of the first field effect transistor and the second field effect transistor are respectively connected with two ends of the inductance-capacitance resonator.
5. The millimeter wave frequency source array of claim 2, wherein the injection unit comprises a third field effect transistor, a fourth field effect transistor and a second current source, gates of the third field effect transistor and the fourth field effect transistor are respectively connected with a differential input port of the injection locking oscillator, drains of the third field effect transistor and the fourth field effect transistor are respectively connected with two ends of the inductance capacitance resonator, and sources of the third field effect transistor and the fourth field effect transistor are both connected with the second current source.
6. The millimeter-wave frequency source array of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising frequency multipliers and/or power amplifiers connected in series between an injection-locked oscillator and the millimeter-wave output interface.
7. The millimeter-wave frequency source array of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the power supply module comprises a bandgap reference power supply and a low voltage linear voltage regulator, wherein an output of the bandgap reference power supply is connected to an input of the low voltage linear voltage regulator.
8. The millimeter-wave frequency source array of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the control interface comprises a serial peripheral interface, and serial peripheral interfaces of the plurality of phase control units are connected in cascade.
9. The millimeter-wave frequency source array of any one of claims 1-5, wherein adjacent two-stage phased units are connected by microstrip stubs.
10. A wireless energy transmission device, comprising a digital controller, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna and the millimeter wave frequency source array of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the output of the digital controller is connected with a control interface of the millimeter wave frequency source array, the millimeter wave output interface of the millimeter wave frequency source array is connected with the input of the power amplifier, and the output of the power amplifier is connected with the transmitting antenna; wherein,
the digital controller is used for generating a control signal;
the power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of millimeter wave signals with preset phase shift output by the millimeter wave output interface;
the transmitting antenna is used for transmitting millimeter wave signals with amplified power.
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