CN117117615A - Optical fiber ultrafast laser - Google Patents
Optical fiber ultrafast laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN117117615A CN117117615A CN202311380042.8A CN202311380042A CN117117615A CN 117117615 A CN117117615 A CN 117117615A CN 202311380042 A CN202311380042 A CN 202311380042A CN 117117615 A CN117117615 A CN 117117615A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
- H01S3/06733—Fibre having more than one cladding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08013—Resonator comprising a fibre, e.g. for modifying dispersion or repetition rate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08059—Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
- H01S3/1118—Semiconductor saturable absorbers, e.g. semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors [SESAMs]; Solid-state saturable absorbers, e.g. carbon nanotube [CNT] based
Abstract
The invention provides an optical fiber ultrafast laser, wherein a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is used as one reflecting mirror of a resonant cavity, a first reflecting film is used as the other reflecting mirror of the resonant cavity, and dispersion is regulated and controlled by utilizing a low-loss chirped long-period fiber grating and a designated high-order mode, so that a low-loss resonant cavity is formed; the group delay ripple of the chirped long-period fiber bragg grating is very low or even absent, and the group delay ripple is completely absent in a high-order mode, so that the control of the output pulse shape and pulse width of the fiber ultrafast laser is facilitated; further, in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, most of the optical fibers are polarization-maintaining double-clad optical fibers, the mode for transmitting laser pulses in the optical fiber ultrafast laser is a specified high-order mode, and the quantity of the mode field areas of the optical fiber ultrafast laser is the quantity of the mode field areasThe grade reaches 10 3 μm 2 Facilitating the generation of high energy laser pulses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, in particular to an optical fiber ultrafast laser, and particularly relates to a large-mode-field-area optical fiber ultrafast laser with flexible and controllable dispersion.
Background
The optical fiber ultrafast laser is an optical fiber laser capable of generating ultrashort pulses (less than or equal to about 100 ps), and mainly comprises a pumping source, a gain medium, a resonant cavity, a mode locking device, a dispersion regulating device and the like.
The semiconductor pump laser in the fiber ultrafast laser in the prior art is a pump source, the polarization-preserving single-mode gain fiber is a gain medium, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and the chirped Bragg fiber grating can reflect light beams, thereby acting as a reflector and forming a resonant cavity, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is also a mode locking device, the chirped Bragg fiber grating can introduce chromatic dispersion, the chromatic dispersion sign (normal chromatic dispersion and anomalous chromatic dispersion) and the size of the chirped Bragg fiber grating are closely related to a chirp function, and the specific chirped Bragg fiber grating can be manufactured according to the specific requirements of the fiber ultrafast laser on the chromatic dispersion characteristic so as to realize chromatic dispersion regulation.
Furthermore, the fiber ultrafast laser adopts fiber core pumping, namely pump light is conducted in the fiber core in the polarization-maintaining single-mode gain fiber. The optical fibers in the optical fiber ultrafast laser are all polarization-maintaining single-mode optical fibers, and the back and forth inside the optical fiber ultrafast laser and the beam mode output by the optical fiber ultrafast laser are all optical fiber fundamental modes (LP) 01 ) Its propagation in free space follows the gaussian beam characteristics.
However, the reflectivity of the chirped bragg fiber bragg grating in the optical fiber ultrafast laser in the prior art is usually not high, which can cause higher resonant cavity loss, and secondly, the chirped bragg fiber bragg grating has group delay ripple, which can introduce unnecessary high-order dispersion, is unfavorable for controlling the shape and pulse width of the output pulse of the optical fiber ultrafast laser and the compression after the pulse amplification, and the optical fibers in the optical fiber ultrafast laser are all polarization-preserving single-mode fibers, and the internal transmission beam mode is a fundamental mode (LP 01 ) The die field area is small (of the order of 10 μm 2 ) The spectrum is prone to strong nonlinear modulation, thus limiting the output pulse energy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an optical fiber ultrafast laser, which has the following technical scheme:
a fiber-optic ultrafast laser, the fiber-optic ultrafast laser comprising: a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and a polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber;
the first direction is the direction in which the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror points to the polarization-preserving double-cladding passive optical fiber;
the first reflection film is positioned on the end face of the optical fiber at one end of the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber, which is far away from the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber and the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber comprise a fiber core, an inner cladding coating the fiber core and an outer cladding coating the inner cladding; the fiber core is a single-mode waveguide, and the fiber core and the inner cladding form a multimode waveguide;
the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for reflecting the received first pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber is used for converting received first pump light into laser pulses, and the laser pulses perform pulse oscillation between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and the first reflecting film;
the first chirped long-period fiber grating is used for converting the energy of the laser pulse between a fundamental mode and a specified high-order mode;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber is used for adjusting the repetition frequency parameters generated by the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
Preferably, in the above optical fiber ultrafast laser, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
a first semiconductor pump laser for generating the first pump light;
and a first pump laser protector positioned between the first semiconductor pump laser and the first wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the first pump laser protector is used for preventing the laser pulse from being transmitted to the first semiconductor pump laser.
Preferably, in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, the first reflective film is a high reflective film, and the reflectivity of the high reflective film is greater than 85%;
the high reflection film is used for performing reflection treatment on laser pulses running in a specified high-order mode.
Preferably, in the above optical fiber ultrafast laser, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
a collimator and a coupler positioned between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and the first wavelength division multiplexer in sequence in the first direction;
the collimator is used for carrying out collimation treatment on the laser pulse transmitted through the coupler to form a parallel light beam, and transmitting the parallel light beam to the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror;
the collimator is also used for focusing the laser pulse reflected by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and transmitting the laser pulse to the coupler;
the coupler is used for processing the laser pulse focused by the collimator, transmitting a part of laser pulse to the first wavelength division multiplexer and outputting the rest of laser pulse.
Preferably, in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, the first reflective film is a partial reflective film;
the partial reflection film is used for outputting laser pulses of which the part operates in a specified high-order mode;
the reflectivity of the partially reflective film is determined based on the laser pulse energy required to be output by the fiber ultra-fast laser.
Preferably, in the above optical fiber ultrafast laser, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
a collimator located between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the collimator is used for carrying out collimation treatment on the laser pulse transmitted through the first wavelength division multiplexer to form a parallel light beam, and transmitting the parallel light beam to the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror;
the collimator is also used for focusing the laser pulse reflected by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and transmitting the laser pulse to the first wavelength division multiplexer.
Preferably, in the above optical fiber ultrafast laser, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
the second chirped long-period fiber grating, the second wavelength division multiplexer and the third chirped long-period fiber grating are sequentially positioned between the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber and the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive fiber in the first direction;
a second semiconductor pump laser for generating a second pump light;
a second pump laser protector located between the second semiconductor pump laser and the second wavelength division multiplexer, the second pump laser protector for preventing the laser pulses from being transmitted to the second semiconductor pump laser;
the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for reflecting the received second pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber is used for converting the received first pump light and the second pump light into laser pulses.
Preferably, in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, a central area of the first reflective film has a first groove, and the first groove exposes an end face of a fiber core of the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber;
the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
and the antireflection film is positioned in the first groove and used for inhibiting laser pulses which are completely formed in the resonant cavity by the fundamental mode outside the design operating wavelength of the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
Preferably, in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, the refractive index distribution of the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber is the same as that of the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber.
Preferably, in the above optical fiber ultrafast laser, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
the first grating adjusting device is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the first chirped long-period fiber grating;
the second grating adjusting device is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the second chirped long-period fiber grating;
and the third grating adjusting device is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the third chirped long-period fiber grating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror in the optical fiber ultrafast laser provided by the invention is used as one reflecting mirror of the resonant cavity, the first reflecting film positioned on the end surface of the optical fiber of one end of the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber far away from the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber is used as the other reflecting mirror of the resonant cavity, and the dispersion is regulated and controlled by utilizing the low-loss chirped long-period optical fiber grating and the appointed high-order mode, so that the low-loss resonant cavity is formed; the group delay ripple of the chirped long-period fiber bragg grating is very low or even absent, and the group delay ripple is completely absent in a high-order mode, so that the control of the output pulse shape and pulse width of the fiber ultrafast laser is facilitated; further, in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, most of the optical fibers are polarization-maintaining double-clad optical fibers, the mode for transmitting laser pulses in the optical fiber ultrafast laser is a specified high-order mode, and the mode field area of the optical fiber ultrafast laser reaches 10 orders of magnitude 3 μm 2 Facilitating the generation of high energy laser pulses.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an optical fiber ultrafast laser;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic diagram of an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a principle structure of an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is one of schematic structural diagrams of an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a third schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a fourth schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, in fig. 1 to 4, a dashed arrow represents a pump light transmission path, a solid arrow represents a laser pulse transmission path, and an optical fiber ultrafast laser according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 and a polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12.
The first wavelength division multiplexer 13, the first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 and the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber 15 are sequentially positioned between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 and the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive fiber 12 in a first direction, wherein the first direction is the direction in which the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 points to the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive fiber 12.
And a first reflecting film 19 positioned on the end face of the optical fiber at the end of the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber 12, which is far away from the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber 15.
Wherein the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12 and the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain optical fiber 15 comprise a fiber core 16, an inner cladding 17 cladding the fiber core 16, and an outer cladding 18 cladding the inner cladding 17; the core 16 is a single-mode waveguide, and the core 16 and the inner cladding 17 constitute a multimode waveguide.
The first wavelength division multiplexer 13 is configured to reflect the received first pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15.
The polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 is used for converting the received first pump light into laser pulses, and the laser pulses perform pulse oscillation between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 and the first reflecting film 19.
The first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 is used to convert the energy of the laser pulse between a fundamental mode and a specified higher order mode.
The polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber 12 is used for adjusting the repetition frequency parameter generated by the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes: a first semiconductor pump laser 20, the first semiconductor pump laser 20 being for generating the first pump light; a first pump laser protector 21 located between the first semiconductor pump laser 20 and the first wavelength division multiplexer 13, the first pump laser protector 21 being configured to prevent the laser pulse from being transmitted to the first semiconductor pump laser 20, and to prevent the first semiconductor pump laser 20 from being damaged.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 serves as a mirror of the resonant cavity, and the first reflective film 19 on the end face of the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12 at the end far from the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain optical fiber 15 serves as the other opposite of the resonant cavityThe mirror is used for regulating and controlling chromatic dispersion by utilizing the low-loss chirped long-period fiber grating and a designated high-order mode, so that a low-loss resonant cavity is formed; the group delay ripple of the chirped long-period fiber bragg grating is very low or even absent, and the group delay ripple is completely absent in a high-order mode, so that the control of the output pulse shape and pulse width of the fiber ultrafast laser is facilitated; further, in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, most of the optical fibers are polarization-maintaining double-clad optical fibers, the mode for transmitting laser pulses in the optical fiber ultrafast laser is a specified high-order mode, and the mode field area of the optical fiber ultrafast laser reaches 10 orders of magnitude 3 μm 2 Facilitating the generation of high energy laser pulses.
Four different forms of fiber ultrafast lasers are described below:
as shown in fig. 1, the first reflective film 19 is a highly reflective film, and the reflectance of the highly reflective film is greater than 85%.
The high reflection film is used for performing reflection treatment on laser pulses running in a specified high-order mode.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes: a collimator 22 and a coupler 23 located in this order between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 and the first wavelength division multiplexer 13 in the first direction.
The collimator 22 is used for collimating the laser pulse transmitted through the coupler 23 to form a parallel beam, and transmitting the parallel beam to the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11.
The collimator 22 is further configured to focus the laser pulse reflected by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11, and transmit the focused laser pulse to the coupler 23.
The coupler 23 is configured to process the laser pulse focused by the collimator 22, transmit a part of the laser pulse to the first wavelength division multiplexer 13, and output the rest of the laser pulse.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a central area of the first reflective film 19 (the first reflective film is a high reflective film in the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 1) has a first groove, and the first groove exposes an end face of the core 16 of the polarization-preserving double-clad passive optical fiber 12; the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
and the antireflection film 24 is positioned in the first groove, and the antireflection film 24 is used for inhibiting laser pulses which are completely formed in the resonant cavity by the fundamental mode outside the design operating wavelength of the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
That is, the antireflection film 24, which is located on the center region of the highly reflective film, has a cross-sectional area approximately equal to that of the core 16, for suppressing the reflection of the light from the fundamental mode (LP 01 ) A laser pulse formed within the resonant cavity.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
and the first grating adjusting device 25 is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 by the first grating adjusting device 25.
That is, the grating temperature or the grating period of the first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 is adjusted based on the first grating adjusting device 25, so that the operating wavelength of the first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 is adjusted within a certain range, and the operating wavelength of the fiber ultrafast laser is adjusted.
Wherein the first semiconductor pump laser 20 acts as a pump source for providing pumping energy to the fiber ultrafast laser.
The first pump laser protector 21 is for protecting the first semiconductor pump laser 20 from damage caused by reflected light beams.
The semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 acts as a mirror of the mode-locking device and the resonant cavity for forming and maintaining the mode-locking pulse state of the fiber ultrafast laser.
The collimator 22 is used for collimating the laser pulse entering the free space from the optical fiber into a parallel beam, focusing the laser pulse entering the optical fiber from the free space, and coupling the laser pulse into the optical fiber with high efficiency.
Coupler 23 transmits the laser pulse transmitted from first wavelength division multiplexer 13 to collimator 22, and transmits the laser pulse transmitted from collimator 22 to first wavelength division multiplexer 13The pulse is processed to keep a part of the laser pulse in the resonant cavity and then transmitted to the first wavelength division multiplexer 13, and the rest of the laser pulse is transmitted to the outside of the resonant cavity for output, namely, the output fundamental mode (LP 01 ) That is to say the fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 1, outputs a fundamental mode (LP) using a coupler 23 01 ) Is provided.
The first wavelength division multiplexer 13 is used for reflecting the pump light, transmitting the pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber 15, transmitting the laser pulse, oscillating the laser pulse in the resonant cavity, shielding the fast axis beam in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber in the optical fiber ultrafast laser, and enabling the optical fiber ultrafast laser to generate the laser pulse only on the slow axis, so as to form single linear polarization output.
The polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 is used for absorbing pump light, storing energy in the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15, converting the energy stored in the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 into laser energy, and establishing, amplifying and maintaining laser pulses.
The first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 is used to convert the energy of the laser pulse into a fundamental mode (LP 01 ) With a specified higher order mode (LP 0m ) Is converted with a conversion efficiency of greater than 99% and the first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 is coupled with a prescribed higher order mode (LP 0m ) The dispersion of the optical fiber ultrafast laser is commonly controlled, and the working wavelength thereof is the operating wavelength of the optical fiber ultrafast laser, so the first chirped long-period fiber grating 14 determines the operating wavelength of the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
The polarization maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12 is used for forming a specific cavity length, so that the fiber ultrafast laser generates laser pulses with a specific repetition rate. The highly reflective film on the end face of the polarization maintaining double-clad passive fiber 12 at the end of the polarization maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15, which is far from the fiber, acts as another mirror of the resonant cavity, and the reflection operates in a specified higher order mode (LP 0m ) Is provided.
It can be seen that the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 1 uses the first semiconductor pump laser 20 as a pump source, uses the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 as a mode-locking device and one mirror of the resonant cavity, and the other mirror of the resonant cavity is formed by a high-reflectivity film on the end face of the optical fiber at the end of the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12, which is far from the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain optical fiber 15, so that the high reflectivity is helpful for forming a low-loss resonant cavity.
The optical fibers in the optical fiber ultrafast laser are mostly polarization-maintaining double-clad optical fibers, such as a polarization-maintaining double-clad gain optical fiber 15 and a polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12, the refractive index distributions of the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain optical fiber 15 and the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12 are the same, wherein the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain optical fiber 15 is a gain medium of the optical fiber ultrafast laser, the two polarization-maintaining double-clad optical fibers comprise a fiber core 16, an inner cladding 17 cladding the fiber core 16 and an outer cladding 18 cladding the inner cladding 17, the fiber core 16 is a single-mode waveguide, and only the optical fiber capable of transmitting light running in a fundamental mode (LP 01 ) And mode field distribution is equal to that of the fundamental mode (LP) 01 ) Similarly, the core 16 and the inner cladding 17 form a multimode waveguide capable of transmitting light operating in a given higher order mode (LP 0m ) Of the order of magnitude of the mode field area of up to 10 3 μm 2 Facilitating the generation of high energy laser pulses.
In the embodiment of the invention, the optical fiber ultrafast laser adopts cladding pumping, namely pump light in the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber 15 is transmitted in a multimode waveguide formed by a fiber core 16 and an inner cladding 17.
Since the polarization maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 and the polarization maintaining double-clad passive fiber 12 have the same refractive index distribution, the mode characteristics (e.g., dispersion, mode field distribution) in the polarization maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 and the polarization maintaining double-clad passive fiber 12 are the same, and a high quality fusion splice can be formed therebetween, thereby ensuring that either mode in one fiber can be conducted almost nondestructively to the same mode in the other fiber.
In the fiber ultrafast laser, the laser pulse mainly operates in a specified high order mode (LP 0m ) Its mode field area can be up to 10 3 μm 2 Is far greater than the general order of magnitudeThrough the fundamental mode (LP) 01 ) Thereby reducing nonlinear modulation in the spectrum and facilitating the output of high energy laser pulses.
Further, a chirped long-period fiber grating and a predetermined higher order mode (LP 0m ) Introducing dispersion. The dispersion sign (normal dispersion or anomalous dispersion) and the size of the chirped long-period fiber grating are closely related to the chirp function. Higher order modes (LP) 0m ) The dispersion of the waveguide can be flexibly designed, so that normal dispersion or anomalous dispersion with different magnitudes can be formed. According to the specific requirements of the fiber ultrafast laser on dispersion characteristics, a corresponding chirped long-period fiber grating and a high-order mode (LP) 0m ) And the dispersion is regulated and controlled. More importantly, higher order modes (LP 0m ) The dispersion of the fiber ultra-fast laser does not have group delay ripple, and the group delay ripple of the chirped long-period fiber grating is very low or even does not exist, so that the control of the output pulse shape and pulse width of the fiber ultra-fast laser is facilitated.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the first reflective film 19 is a partially reflective film.
The partially reflective film is used for outputting laser pulses partially operating in a specified higher order mode.
The reflectivity of the partially reflective film is determined based on the laser pulse energy required to be output by the fiber ultra-fast laser.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
a collimator 22 located between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11 and the first wavelength division multiplexer 13.
The collimator 22 is configured to collimate the laser pulse transmitted through the first wavelength division multiplexer 13 to form a parallel beam, and transmit the parallel beam to the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11.
The collimator 22 is further configured to focus the laser pulse reflected by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror 11, and transmit the focused laser pulse to the first wavelength division multiplexer 13.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, a central area of the first reflective film 19 (the first reflective film is a partial reflective film in the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 2) has a first groove, and the first groove exposes an end face of the core 16 of the polarization-preserving double-clad passive optical fiber 12; the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
and the antireflection film 24 is positioned in the first groove, and the antireflection film 24 is used for inhibiting laser pulses which are completely formed in the resonant cavity by the fundamental mode outside the design operating wavelength of the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
That is, the antireflection film 24, which is located on the center region of the partially reflective film, has a cross-sectional area approximately equal to that of the core 16, for suppressing the reflection of the light from the fundamental mode (LP 01 ) A laser pulse formed within the resonant cavity.
The fiber ultrafast laser output shown in fig. 2 operates in a specified high order mode (LP 0m ) Is provided. Such a beam, also called Bessel beam, is coupled to a fundamental mode (LP 01 ) In contrast, its propagation in free space has diffraction-free and self-repairing properties, which play an important role in both scientific and industrial fields. In contrast to the fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 1, the fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 2 no longer operates in the fundamental mode (LP) using the coupler 23 output 01 ) While the end face of the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12 directly outputs the laser pulse operating in a prescribed higher order mode (LP 0m ) Wherein the reflectivity of the partially reflective film is primarily dependent on the requirements of the application of the ring mirror for the output laser pulse energy, i.e. the reflectivity of the partially reflective film is determined based on the laser pulse energy required to be output by the fiber ultrafast laser.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes, on the basis of the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 1:
in the first direction, a second chirped long-period fiber grating 26, a second wavelength division multiplexer 27 and a third chirped long-period fiber grating 28 are sequentially located between the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 and the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive fiber 12.
A second semiconductor pump laser 29, said second semiconductor pump laser 29 being arranged to generate a second pump light.
A second pump laser protector 30 located between the second semiconductor pump laser 29 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 27, the second pump laser protector 30 being arranged to block transmission of the laser pulses to the second semiconductor pump laser 29.
The second wavelength division multiplexer 27 is configured to reflect the received second pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15.
The polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber 15 is used for converting the received first pump light and the second pump light into laser pulses.
The optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
and the second grating adjusting device 31 is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the second chirped long-period fiber grating 26.
And a third grating adjusting device 32, where the third grating adjusting device 32 is used to adjust the grating temperature or the grating period of the third chirped long-period fiber grating 28.
That is, to further obtain higher laser pulse energy and power, an improvement is made on the basis of the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 1, which may employ a bi-directional pumping structure as shown in fig. 3, that is, a second semiconductor pumping laser 29 is added between a polarization maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 and a polarization maintaining double-clad passive fiber 12 by using a second wavelength division multiplexer 27, at this time, the optical fiber ultrafast laser performs conversion of an internal operation mode using three chirped long-period fiber gratings (i.e., a first chirped long-period fiber grating 14, a second chirped long-period fiber grating 26 and a third chirped long-period fiber grating 28), and the three chirped long-period fiber gratings have the same center wavelength, bandwidth, and higher order modes (LP) participating in energy conversion 0m ）。
It should be noted that, when the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 3 adjusts the operating wavelength, the operating wavelength of the three chirped long-period optical fiber gratings is simultaneously adjusted with the same size.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes, on the basis of the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 2:
in the first direction, a second chirped long-period fiber grating 26, a second wavelength division multiplexer 27 and a third chirped long-period fiber grating 28 are sequentially located between the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 and the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive fiber 12.
A second semiconductor pump laser 29, said second semiconductor pump laser 29 being arranged to generate a second pump light.
A second pump laser protector 30 located between the second semiconductor pump laser 29 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 27, the second pump laser protector 30 being arranged to block transmission of the laser pulses to the second semiconductor pump laser 29.
The second wavelength division multiplexer 27 is configured to reflect the received second pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15.
The polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber 15 is used for converting the received first pump light and the second pump light into laser pulses.
The optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
and the second grating adjusting device 31 is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the second chirped long-period fiber grating 26.
And a third grating adjusting device 32, where the third grating adjusting device 32 is used to adjust the grating temperature or the grating period of the third chirped long-period fiber grating 28.
That is, to further obtain higher laser pulse energy and power, the optical fiber ultrafast laser may be modified based on the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 2, and may also adopt a bi-directional pumping structure as shown in fig. 4, that is, a second semiconductor pumping laser 29 is added to the optical fiber ultrafast laser by using a second wavelength division multiplexer 27 between the polarization maintaining double-clad gain optical fiber 15 and the polarization maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12, where the optical fiber ultrafast laser uses three chirped long-period fiber gratings (i.e., the first chirped long-period fiber grating 14, the second chirped long-period fiber grating 26, and the third chirped long-period fiber grating 28) to complete the conversion of the internal operation mode, and the three chirped long-period fiber gratings have the same center wavelength and bandwidth.
Wherein the two chirped long period fiber gratings (i.e., the first chirped long period fiber grating 14 and the second chirped long period fiber grating 26) on both sides of the polarization maintaining double-cladding gain fiber 15 use the same higher order modes (LP) participating in energy conversion 0m ) While the chirped long-period fiber grating (i.e., the third chirped long-period fiber grating 28) between the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber 12 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 27 may use different higher order modes (LP) 0m ) This allows the output of the specified higher order mode (LP 0m ) The mode field area in the optical fiber ultrafast laser is increased as much as possible, and the generation of high-energy laser pulses is facilitated.
It should be noted that, when the optical fiber ultrafast laser shown in fig. 4 adjusts the operating wavelength, the operating wavelength of the three chirped long-period optical fiber gratings is simultaneously adjusted with the same size.
Furthermore, for the pump light, the fusion point in the optical fiber ultrafast laser provided by the embodiment of the invention can enable the pump light to be transmitted to the inner cladding 17 in the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber 15 almost without loss; for laser pulses, the junction between the first wavelength division multiplexer 13 and the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 allows the laser pulses to be substantially lossless in the fundamental mode (LP 01 ) Transmitting; the laser pulse can be made to have almost no loss at the fusion point between the polarization-maintaining double-clad passive fiber 12 and the polarization-maintaining double-clad gain fiber 15 by the same higher order mode (LP 0m ) And (5) transmission.
The foregoing has described in detail a fiber ultrafast laser provided by the present invention, and specific examples have been employed herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present invention, the above examples being provided only to assist in understanding the method of the present invention and its core ideas; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described as different from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
It is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include, or is intended to include, elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An optical fiber ultrafast laser, comprising: a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and a polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber;
the first direction is the direction in which the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror points to the polarization-preserving double-cladding passive optical fiber;
the first reflection film is positioned on the end face of the optical fiber at one end of the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber, which is far away from the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber and the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber comprise a fiber core, an inner cladding coating the fiber core and an outer cladding coating the inner cladding; the fiber core is a single-mode waveguide, and the fiber core and the inner cladding form a multimode waveguide;
the first wavelength division multiplexer is used for reflecting the received first pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber is used for converting received first pump light into laser pulses, and the laser pulses perform pulse oscillation between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and the first reflecting film;
the first chirped long-period fiber grating is used for converting the energy of the laser pulse between a fundamental mode and a specified high-order mode;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive optical fiber is used for adjusting the repetition frequency parameters generated by the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
2. The fiber ultrafast laser of claim 1, further comprising:
a first semiconductor pump laser for generating the first pump light;
and a first pump laser protector positioned between the first semiconductor pump laser and the first wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the first pump laser protector is used for preventing the laser pulse from being transmitted to the first semiconductor pump laser.
3. The optical fiber ultrafast laser of claim 2, wherein the first reflective film is a highly reflective film, the highly reflective film having a reflectivity of greater than 85%;
the high reflection film is used for performing reflection treatment on laser pulses running in a specified high-order mode.
4. The fiber ultrafast laser of claim 3, further comprising:
a collimator and a coupler positioned between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and the first wavelength division multiplexer in sequence in the first direction;
the collimator is used for carrying out collimation treatment on the laser pulse transmitted through the coupler to form a parallel light beam, and transmitting the parallel light beam to the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror;
the collimator is also used for focusing the laser pulse reflected by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and transmitting the laser pulse to the coupler;
the coupler is used for processing the laser pulse focused by the collimator, transmitting a part of laser pulse to the first wavelength division multiplexer and outputting the rest of laser pulse.
5. The optical fiber ultrafast laser of claim 2, wherein the first reflective film is a partially reflective film;
the partial reflection film is used for outputting laser pulses of which the part operates in a specified high-order mode;
the reflectivity of the partially reflective film is determined based on the laser pulse energy required to be output by the fiber ultra-fast laser.
6. The fiber ultrafast laser of claim 5, further comprising:
a collimator located between the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and the first wavelength division multiplexer;
the collimator is used for carrying out collimation treatment on the laser pulse transmitted through the first wavelength division multiplexer to form a parallel light beam, and transmitting the parallel light beam to the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror;
the collimator is also used for focusing the laser pulse reflected by the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and transmitting the laser pulse to the first wavelength division multiplexer.
7. The fiber ultrafast laser of claim 4 or 6, further comprising:
the second chirped long-period fiber grating, the second wavelength division multiplexer and the third chirped long-period fiber grating are sequentially positioned between the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber and the polarization-maintaining double-cladding passive fiber in the first direction;
a second semiconductor pump laser for generating a second pump light;
a second pump laser protector located between the second semiconductor pump laser and the second wavelength division multiplexer, the second pump laser protector for preventing the laser pulses from being transmitted to the second semiconductor pump laser;
the second wavelength division multiplexer is used for reflecting the received second pump light to the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain optical fiber;
the polarization-maintaining double-cladding gain fiber is used for converting the received first pump light and the second pump light into laser pulses.
8. The optical fiber ultrafast laser of claim 1, wherein a central region of the first reflective film has a first groove exposing an end face of a core of the polarization maintaining double-clad passive optical fiber;
the optical fiber ultrafast laser further includes:
and the antireflection film is positioned in the first groove and used for inhibiting laser pulses which are completely formed in the resonant cavity by the fundamental mode outside the design operating wavelength of the optical fiber ultrafast laser.
9. The optical fiber ultrafast laser of claim 1, wherein the refractive index profile of the polarization maintaining double-clad gain fiber and the polarization maintaining double-clad passive fiber are the same.
10. The fiber ultrafast laser of claim 7, further comprising:
the first grating adjusting device is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the first chirped long-period fiber grating;
the second grating adjusting device is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the second chirped long-period fiber grating;
and the third grating adjusting device is used for adjusting the grating temperature or the grating period of the third chirped long-period fiber grating.
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