CN117117243B - Fuel cell system cooling liquid conductivity balance control system and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell system cooling liquid conductivity balance control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117117243B CN117117243B CN202311389757.XA CN202311389757A CN117117243B CN 117117243 B CN117117243 B CN 117117243B CN 202311389757 A CN202311389757 A CN 202311389757A CN 117117243 B CN117117243 B CN 117117243B
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- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 282
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04656—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a system and a method for controlling the conductivity balance of a cooling liquid of a fuel cell system, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the anode inlet of the electric pile is connected with an ejector, and the ejector is used for guiding hydrogen to enter the electric pile; the gas-water separator is respectively connected with the anode outlet of the electric pile and the ejector and is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on waste gas from the anode outlet of the electric pile; the cooling circulation system is connected with the electric pile and is used for maintaining the temperature in the electric pile; the gas-water separator is connected with the cooling circulation system through the water replenishing tank, and liquid water in the gas-water separator is led into the cooling circulation system through the water replenishing tank, so that the ion concentration in the cooling liquid is diluted, the effect of reducing the conductivity is achieved, an additional deionized tank is not needed, the deionized tank is not needed to be replaced regularly, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a system and a method for controlling the conductivity balance of a cooling liquid of a fuel cell system.
Background
The hydrogen and the oxygen in the electric pile continuously generate electrochemical reaction, protons are transmitted through the proton exchange membrane and electric energy is generated, ions are continuously separated out in the operation process of the fuel cell system, so that the ion concentration in the cooling liquid is higher and higher, the conductivity of the cooling liquid is higher and higher, the insulation resistance of the fuel cell system is lower, and the safety of the fuel cell system is lower.
In order to ensure that the conductivity of the cooling liquid is controlled within a safe range, the existing method is to arrange a deionization tank in a cooling system, and adsorb ions in the cooling liquid through the deionization tank, so that the conductivity of the cooling liquid is maintained within the safe range, but the adsorption capacity of the deionization tank is limited, and the deionization tank is required to be replaced by stopping periodically, so that the maintenance cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a system and a method for controlling the balance of the conductivity of a cooling liquid of a fuel cell system, which solve the problems that the conventional control method needs to replace a deionizing tank regularly and the operation and maintenance cost is increased.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control system, comprising:
the anode inlet of the electric pile is connected with an ejector, and the ejector is used for guiding hydrogen to enter the electric pile;
the gas-water separator is respectively connected with the anode outlet of the electric pile and the ejector and is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the anode outlet waste gas from the electric pile;
the cooling circulation system is connected with the electric pile and is used for maintaining the temperature in the electric pile;
and the water replenishing tank is connected with the cooling circulation system through the water replenishing tank and is used for storing liquid water from the water replenishing tank and conveying the liquid water to the cooling circulation system.
Preferably, the device further comprises a drain valve, a replenishing valve and a first liquid level sensor;
the drain valve is connected with the make-up water tank and is used for draining liquid water in the make-up water tank;
the replenishing valve is arranged between the replenishing water tank and the cooling circulation system and is used for guiding liquid water in the replenishing water tank into the cooling circulation system;
the first liquid level sensor is arranged in the make-up water tank and is used for monitoring the liquid level in the make-up water tank.
Preferably, the device also comprises an exhaust valve and a drain valve;
the exhaust valve is connected with the gas-water separator and is used for exhausting gas in the gas-water separator;
the drain valve is arranged between the gas-water separator and the make-up water tank and is used for guiding liquid water in the gas-water separator into the make-up water tank.
Preferably, the cooling circulation system comprises a water pump, a conductivity sensor, a radiator, a three-way valve and a filter which are connected in sequence;
the inlet of the water pump is respectively connected with the liquid outlet of the electric pile and the replenishing valve, the conductivity sensor is also connected with the three-way valve, and the outlet of the filter is connected with the liquid inlet of the electric pile;
the liquid discharge valve is arranged between the conductivity sensor and the radiator and is used for discharging cooling liquid.
Preferably, the system further comprises an expansion tank and a second liquid level sensor;
the expansion water tank is arranged between the replenishing valve and the water pump and is used for reflecting the total amount of cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system;
the second liquid level sensor is arranged in the expansion water tank and is used for monitoring the liquid level in the expansion water tank.
A fuel cell system cooling liquid conductivity balance control method is applied to the balance control system and comprises the following control steps:
s1: monitoring the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system in real time;
s2: if the conductivity is greater than a preset threshold value, the gas-water separator, the water supplementing tank and the cooling circulation system are communicated, and liquid water in the gas-water separator is led into the cooling circulation system through the water supplementing tank;
s3: the liquid level in the expansion tank is monitored in real time, and the cooling circulation system controls the discharge of the cooling liquid according to the liquid level in the expansion tank.
Preferably, the step S2 of introducing the liquid water in the gas-water separator into the cooling circulation system through the make-up tank includes the following control steps:
s21: when the conductivity of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset threshold value, closing a drain valve and a make-up valve, opening a drain valve, and enabling liquid water in the gas-water separator to enter a make-up water tank;
s22: when the liquid level in the make-up water tank reaches the highest critical value, closing the drain valve, opening the make-up valve, and enabling liquid water to flow into a cooling circulation system from the make-up water tank through the make-up valve so as to reduce the conductivity of the cooling liquid;
s23: setting a flow stopping threshold, closing the replenishing valve and opening the drain valve when the conductivity of the cooling liquid is smaller than the flow stopping threshold.
Preferably, the step S22 further includes the following control steps:
s221: when the liquid level in the make-up water tank is reduced to the lowest critical value, the make-up valve is closed, and the drain valve is opened until the liquid level in the make-up water tank is restored to the maximum critical value.
Preferably, the cooling circulation system in step S3 controls the discharge of the cooling liquid according to the liquid level in the expansion tank, and includes the following control steps:
s31: when the liquid level in the expansion water tank reaches the highest discharge value, a liquid discharge valve is opened, and the cooling liquid flows out of the cooling circulation system from the liquid discharge valve;
s32: when the liquid level in the expansion water tank reaches the minimum discharge value, closing the liquid discharge valve;
s33: step S31 and step S32 are looped.
Preferably, the flow rate of the drain valve is greater than the flow rate of the replenishment valve.
The contribution of the invention is as follows: according to the invention, the liquid water in the gas-water separator is led into the cooling circulation system through the water supplementing tank, so that the ion concentration in the cooling liquid is diluted, the effect of reducing the conductivity is achieved, an additional deionizing tank is not required, the deionizing tank is not required to be replaced regularly, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coolant conductivity balance control method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the coolant conductivity, make-up tank level, make-up valve, drain valve, expansion tank level and drain valve of the present invention;
wherein: the stack 10, the ejector 20, the gas-water separator 30, the cooling circulation system 40, the water pump 41, the conductivity sensor 42, the radiator 43, the three-way valve 44, the filter 45, the drain valve 46, the make-up water tank 50, the drain valve 60, the make-up valve 70, the first liquid level sensor 80, the drain valve 90, the drain valve 1a, the expansion tank 1b, the second liquid level sensor 1c, the communication valve 1d, and the air pump 1e.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative and supplementary of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control system includes: the fuel cell comprises a galvanic pile 10, wherein an anode inlet of the galvanic pile 10 is connected with an ejector 20, and the ejector 20 is used for guiding hydrogen to enter the galvanic pile 10; a gas-water separator 30 connected to the anode outlet of the stack 10 and the ejector 20, respectively, the gas-water separator 30 being configured to perform gas-liquid separation of the anode outlet exhaust gas from the stack 10; a cooling circulation system 40 connected to the stack 10, the cooling circulation system 40 being configured to maintain a temperature within the stack 10; the makeup water tank 50 is connected to the cooling circulation system 40 through the makeup water tank 50, and the makeup water tank 50 is configured to store liquid water from the gas-water separator 30 and to supply the liquid water to the cooling circulation system 40.
Further describing, the anode of the electric pile 10 is filled with hydrogen, the cathode of the electric pile 10 is filled with oxygen, the oxygen and the hydrogen react electrochemically under the action of the single cells in the electric pile 10, and protons are transferred through the proton exchange membrane to generate electric energy.
Specifically, in the present invention, the anode inlet of the stack 10 is connected to the ejector 20, the input end of the ejector 20 is connected to a hydrogen supply unit (hydrogen bottle), the ejector 20 can guide hydrogen from the hydrogen supply unit into the anode of the stack 10, further explaining that the cathode inlet of the stack 10 is connected to an oxygen supply unit, the oxygen supply unit mainly comprises an air compressor, and the air compressor can compress external air and then convey the compressed air to the cathode of the stack 10.
The gas-water separator 30 is connected with the anode outlet of the electric pile 10, the waste gas generated by the anode of the electric pile 10 enters the gas-water separator 30, the gas-water separator 30 separates the gas and the liquid in the waste gas, wherein the gas is mainly hydrogen and nitrogen, the liquid is liquid water, the gas-water separator 30 is also connected with the ejector 20, most of the gas separated by the gas-water separator 30 is unreacted complete hydrogen (in order to improve the reaction efficiency of the electric pile 10, reduce the reaction time of the electric pile 10 during acceleration, generally, the actual hydrogen supply amount of the electric pile 10 is greater than the theoretical consumption amount of the hydrogen), so that the part of the hydrogen can be reintroduced into the ejector 20, the part of the circulating hydrogen is reintroduced into the anode of the electric pile 10 through the ejector 20, further explanation is provided with a gas sensing device in the gas-water separator 30, the gas sensing device is mainly used for detecting the concentration of nitrogen in the gas-water separator 30, when the concentration of the nitrogen exceeds a set value (generally 10% -12%), the exhaust valve 90 is opened to discharge the gas in the gas-water separator 30, specifically, the gas-water separator 30 needs to periodically exhaust, because the nitrogen diffuses from the cathode of the electric pile 10 to the anode of the electric pile 10 through the proton exchange membrane and is discharged from the outlet of the anode of the electric pile 10 together with the introduced hydrogen, the exhaust gas enters the gas-water separator 30 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, the separated gas is reintroduced into the anode of the electric pile 10 through the ejector 20 to participate in the reaction (the above process is a one-time circulation process of the gas), and as the circulation times increase, the nitrogen contained in the exhaust gas is more and more, thereby influencing the power generation efficiency of the electric pile 10, it is necessary to periodically discharge the gas in the gas-water separator 30 to the external environment.
The cooling circulation system 40 is used for taking away the excessive heat in the electric pile 10, when the hydrogen and the oxygen generate heat in the electric pile 10 during the electrochemical reaction, the temperature in the electric pile 10 is increased, in order to maintain the temperature in the electric pile 10 at the optimal state (generally 70-85 ℃), the excessive heat in the electric pile 10 needs to be taken away, and the cooling circulation system 40 can take away the excessive heat in the electric pile 10, so that the appropriate temperature in the electric pile 10 is maintained.
Further, as the ion precipitation is continuously carried out in the reaction process of the electric pile 10, the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 is higher and higher, and the safety of the fuel cell is reduced, so that the conductivity of the cooling liquid needs to be reduced periodically (in the traditional method, the cooling liquid is introduced into the deionizing tank, the ions in the cooling liquid are removed through the deionizing tank, and the conductivity of the cooling liquid is reduced), and the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 is introduced into the cooling circulation system 40 through the make-up water tank 50, so that the ion concentration in the cooling liquid is diluted, the effect of reducing the conductivity of the cooling liquid is achieved, the additional deionizing tank is not needed, the deionizing tank is not needed to be replaced periodically, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
The present embodiment further includes a drain valve 60, a makeup valve 70, and a first level sensor 80;
the drain valve 60 is connected with the make-up water tank 50, and the drain valve 60 is used for draining liquid water in the make-up water tank 50;
the replenishing valve 70 is arranged between the replenishing water tank 50 and the cooling circulation system 40, and the replenishing valve 70 is used for guiding the liquid water in the replenishing water tank 50 into the cooling circulation system 40;
the first liquid level sensor 80 is installed in the make-up water tank 50, and the first liquid level sensor 80 is used for monitoring the liquid level in the make-up water tank 50.
Further, the drain valve 60 is used for draining the liquid water in the make-up water tank 50, when the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 does not reach the preset threshold, since the gas-water separator 30 needs to periodically drain and exhaust water, the drain valve 60 is in a normally open state, the liquid water flowing into the make-up water tank 50 from the gas-water separator 30 is drained from the drain valve 60 to the external environment at the first time, but when the make-up water tank 50 is needed to introduce the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 into the cooling circulation system 40, the drain valve is in a normally closed state, so that the liquid water in the make-up water tank 50 can smoothly flow into the cooling circulation system 40.
Specifically, a makeup valve 70 is disposed between the makeup tank 50 and the cooling circulation system 40, and the makeup valve 70 is used to control the liquid water in the makeup tank 50 to enter the cooling circulation system 40, thereby reducing the conductivity of the cooling fluid in the cooling circulation system 40.
First level sensor 80 is used to monitor the level of fluid in make-up tank 50 and make-up valve 70 is selectively opened or closed depending on the level of fluid in make-up tank 50.
The embodiment also comprises an exhaust valve 90 and a drain valve 1a;
the exhaust valve 90 is connected with the gas-water separator 30, and the exhaust valve 90 is used for exhausting gas in the gas-water separator 30;
the drain valve 1a is arranged between the gas-water separator 30 and the make-up water tank 50, and the drain valve 1a is used for guiding liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 into the make-up water tank 50.
Further, the exhaust valve 90 is connected to the gas-water separator 30, the exhaust valve 90 is used for periodically exhausting the gas in the gas-water separator 30, the drain valve 1a is disposed between the gas-water separator 30 and the make-up water tank 50, and the drain valve 1a is used for controlling the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 to enter the make-up water tank 50, so that the make-up water tank 50 can be matched with the gas-water separator 30 to periodically drain or store the liquid water, so as to reduce the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40.
In this embodiment, the cooling circulation system 40 includes a water pump 41, a conductivity sensor 42, a radiator 43, a three-way valve 44, and a filter 45, which are sequentially connected;
the inlet of the water pump 41 is respectively connected with the liquid outlet of the electric pile 10 and the replenishing valve 70, the conductivity sensor 42 is also connected with the three-way valve 44, and the outlet of the filter 45 is connected with the liquid inlet of the electric pile 10;
a drain valve 46 is further included, the drain valve 46 is disposed between the conductivity sensor 42 and the radiator 43, and the drain valve 46 is used for draining the cooling liquid.
Further, the water pump 41 is used for providing circulating power for the cooling liquid, and is also convenient for extracting liquid water from the make-up water tank 50, so as to reduce the conductivity of the cooling liquid, the conductivity sensor 42 is used for detecting the conductivity of the cooling liquid, the radiator 43 is used for reducing the temperature of the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid can be better cooled for the electric pile 10, the radiator 43 is a cooling fan in this embodiment, the filter 45 is used for removing impurities in the cooling liquid, the situation that the cooling liquid is blocked in the electric pile 10 is avoided, and the liquid discharge valve 46 is used for discharging excessive cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40.
The three-way valve 44 is respectively connected to the conductivity sensor 42 and the radiator 43 to divide the cooling circulation system 40 into a large circulation path and a small circulation path, and when the temperature in the stack 10 does not reach the optimal temperature range, the coolant circulates in the small circulation path, and when the temperature in the stack 10 reaches the optimal temperature range, the coolant circulates in the large circulation path.
Further, the small circulation channel is formed by the water pump 41, the conductivity sensor 42, the three-way valve 44 and the filter 45, and the cooling liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the electric pile 10, sequentially passes through the water pump 41, the conductivity sensor 42, the three-way valve 44 and the filter 45, and flows in from the liquid inlet of the electric pile 10, and when the electric pile 10 is started, the temperature in the electric pile 10 does not reach the optimal temperature range, and at the moment, the electric pile 10 needs to be heated, so the cooling liquid does not need to be cooled greatly, and the electric pile 10 can reach the proper working temperature in a short time.
To further explain, the large circulation channel is composed of the water pump 41, the conductivity sensor 42, the radiator 43, the three-way valve 44 and the filter 45, the cooling liquid flows out from the liquid outlet of the electric pile 10 and sequentially passes through the water pump 41, the conductivity sensor 42, the radiator 43, the three-way valve 44 and the filter 45, and then flows in from the liquid inlet of the electric pile 10, the radiator 43 is added in the large circulation channel compared with the small circulation channel, the large circulation channel adopts an air cooling heat dissipation mode, the radiator 43 can take away the heat in the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is reduced to a lower temperature, when the temperature in the electric pile 10 reaches the optimal temperature range, the heat is still generated due to the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen, the redundant heat is taken out of the electric pile 10 through the cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid carrying the heat is cooled through the radiator 43, so that the cooling liquid can continuously take away the redundant heat generated in the electric pile 10, and the electric pile 10 is ensured to be always at the optimal temperature.
The embodiment also comprises an expansion tank 1b and a second liquid level sensor 1c;
the expansion tank 1b is arranged between the makeup valve 70 and the water pump 41, and the expansion tank 1b is used for reflecting the total amount of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40;
the second liquid level sensor 1c is installed in the expansion tank 1b, and the second liquid level sensor 1c is used for monitoring the liquid level in the expansion tank 1 b.
Further, in this embodiment, the expansion tank 1b is used to reflect the total amount of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40, so that on one hand, excessive total amount of the cooling liquid can be avoided, and therefore, the liquid water in the make-up water tank 50 cannot enter the cooling circulation system 40 through the make-up valve 70, and cannot dilute the cooling liquid, and on the other hand, excessive total amount of the cooling liquid can be avoided, so as to affect the cooling effect of the cooling circulation system 40 on the electric pile 10, and the second liquid level sensor 1c is used to monitor the liquid level condition in the expansion tank 1b, and open or close the drain valve 46 according to the liquid level condition in the expansion tank 1b, so that the total amount of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 is always kept in a proper range.
Example 2
Because the gas-water separator 30 is communicated with the anode of the electric pile 10, the pressure at the water outlet of the gas-water separator 30 is consistent with the anode pressure of the electric pile 10, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is at low pressure (the pressure threshold value is preset and is smaller than the pressure threshold value, the pressure threshold value is generally calculated to be low), liquid water can be smoothly discharged into the make-up water tank 50 through the drain valve 1a, but when the anode of the electric pile 10 is at high pressure, cavitation effect can be generated in the drain valve 1a by the liquid water, so that drainage is blocked, and the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 cannot smoothly flow into the make-up water tank 50.
To solve this problem, as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the cathode of the galvanic pile 10 is communicated with the make-up water tank 50, and further includes a communication valve 1d, the communication valve 1d is parallel to the drain valve 1a, the inlet of the communication valve 1d and the inlet of the drain valve 1a are both communicated with the water outlet of the gas-water separator 30, the outlet of the communication valve 1d is respectively communicated with the cathode of the galvanic pile 10 and the make-up water tank 50, and the outlet of the drain valve 1a is communicated with the make-up water tank 50.
To further explain, when the anode pressure of the stack 10 is low, the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 can smoothly flow into the make-up water tank 50, so that only the drain valve 1a needs to be opened, at this time, the liquid water flows into the make-up water tank 50 through the drain valve 1a, when the anode pressure of the stack 10 is high, the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 cannot smoothly flow into the make-up water tank 50 through the drain valve 1a, at this time, the drain valve 1a is closed and the communication valve 1d is opened, so that the water outlet of the gas-water separator 30 is communicated with the cathode of the stack 10, at this time, the drain pressure difference of the gas-water separator 30 becomes the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode of the stack 10, and the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 can smoothly flow into the make-up water tank 50 through the communication valve 1 d; on the other hand, since the cathode of the electric pile 10 is communicated with the make-up water tank 50, the liquid water generated by the cathode of the electric pile 10 also flows into the make-up water tank 50, the water storage period of the make-up water tank 50 is shortened, and the conductivity of the cooling liquid can be reduced to be within the preset threshold value in a short time.
Example 3
In order to reduce the gas content in the cooling liquid and improve the working efficiency of the water pump 41, as shown in fig. 3, an air pump 1e is provided in the present embodiment, the air pump 1e is connected to the expansion tank 1b, and the expansion tank 1b is connected to the air outlet of the radiator 43.
Since the make-up water tank 50 is inevitably mixed with part of air in the process of delivering liquid water to the cooling circulation system 40, the gas content in the cooling liquid is increased, and the working efficiency of the water pump 41 is affected, in this embodiment, the air pump 1e is connected to the top of the expansion water tank 1b, so that the air pressure in the expansion water tank 1b is reduced, at this time, the air pressure in the pipeline of the cooling circulation system 40 is greater than the air pressure in the expansion water tank 1b, and the gas in the pipeline of the cooling circulation system 40 flows into the expansion water tank 1b through the air outlet of the radiator 43 and is finally pumped to the external environment by the air pump 1e, thereby reducing the gas content in the cooling liquid and ensuring that the water pump 41 can normally operate.
Example 4
The embodiment is a method for controlling the conductivity balance of a cooling liquid of a fuel cell system, which is applied to the balance control system, as shown in fig. 4, and includes the following control steps:
s1: monitoring the conductivity of the cooling fluid in the cooling circulation system 40 in real time;
s2: if the conductivity of the cooling liquid is greater than the preset threshold value, communicating the gas-water separator 30, the makeup water tank 50 and the cooling circulation system 40, and introducing the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 into the cooling circulation system 40 through the makeup water tank 50;
s3: the liquid level in the expansion tank 1b is monitored in real time, and the cooling circulation system 40 controls the discharge of the cooling liquid according to the liquid level in the expansion tank 1 b.
Further, by means of the conductivity sensor 42, the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 can be monitored in real time, a threshold (5 us/cm) is preset, and when the conductivity of the cooling liquid exceeds the preset threshold, the safety performance of the electric pile 10 is reduced, and the conductivity of the cooling liquid needs to be reduced in time.
The introduction of the liquid water into the cooling circulation system 40 by the make-up water tank 50 can lead to the continuous increase of the total amount of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40, and once the total amount of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 reaches a higher level, the liquid water in the make-up water tank 50 can not smoothly enter the cooling circulation system 40, so that the liquid level in the expansion tank 1b needs to be monitored in real time, and the discharge of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 is controlled according to the liquid level in the expansion tank 1b, so that the total amount of the cooling liquid is always kept in a proper range.
As shown in fig. 5 to 6, the step S2 of introducing the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 into the cooling circulation system 40 through the make-up tank 50 of the present embodiment includes the following control steps:
s21: when the conductivity of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset threshold value, closing the drain valve 60 and the makeup valve 70, opening the drain valve 1a, and allowing the liquid water in the gas-water separator 30 to enter the makeup water tank 50;
s22: when the liquid level in the make-up water tank 50 reaches the highest critical value, closing the drain valve 1a, opening the make-up valve 70, and allowing liquid water to flow from the make-up water tank 50 into the cooling circulation system 40 through the make-up valve 70 to reduce the conductivity of the cooling liquid;
s23: a flow stop threshold is set, and when the conductivity of the coolant is less than the flow stop threshold, the makeup valve 70 is closed and the drain valve 60 is opened.
Further, the preset threshold value of the conductivity of the cooling liquid is 5us/cm, the stop threshold value is 3us/cm, that is, the normal conductivity of the cooling liquid needs to be controlled between 3us/cm and 5us/cm, when the conductivity of the cooling liquid is greater than 5us/cm, the conductivity of the cooling liquid is higher, the cooling liquid needs to be diluted, specifically, the drain valve 60 and the makeup valve 70 are closed, the drain valve 1a is opened, so that the makeup water tank 50 is communicated with the gas-water separator 30, liquid water starts to be stored in the makeup water tank 50, when the liquid level in the makeup water tank 50 reaches the highest threshold value (the highest threshold value is 90%, when the liquid level exceeds 90%), the liquid water overflows from the air outlet of the makeup water tank 50 to the external environment), the drain valve 1a is closed, the makeup water tank 50 stops receiving the liquid water from the gas-water separator 30, the makeup water tank 50 is communicated with the cooling circulation system 40, the liquid water in the makeup water tank 50 is pumped into the cooling circulation system 40 under the action of the water pump 41, so that the cooling liquid is diluted, the liquid water in the makeup water tank 50 is supplied to the cooling system is diluted, the drain valve 60 is stopped when the liquid water in the water circulation system is completely, the drain valve 60 is opened, and the liquid water is stopped when the liquid water in the water circulation system is completely is drained from the water circulation system is completely according to the water circulation system, and the water circulation is completely, and the drain valve is drained to the water drained from the drain valve 60 is completely, and the drain water is completely when the drain water is completely from the drain water in the water circulation of the water.
To further illustrate, the step S22 further includes the following control steps:
s221: when the liquid level in the make-up tank 50 falls to the minimum threshold, the make-up valve 70 is closed and the drain valve 1a is opened until the liquid level in the make-up tank 50 returns to the maximum threshold.
In this embodiment, to prevent excessive air from entering the cooling circulation system 40, the lowest threshold of the liquid level of the make-up water tank 50 is set, if the conductivity of the cooling liquid is still not reduced to the stop threshold when the liquid level in the make-up water tank 50 is reduced to 20%, the make-up valve 70 is closed, the liquid water is stopped from being input into the cooling circulation system 40 (at this time, the air is extremely easy to mix into the cooling circulation system 40), the drain valve 1a is opened until the liquid level in the make-up water tank 50 is restored to 90%, and steps S22 and S221 are circulated until the conductivity of the cooling liquid is less than the stop threshold.
The lowest threshold of the liquid level in the make-up water tank 50 is set because the probability of the gas entering the cooling circulation system 40 together with the liquid water increases as the liquid level in the make-up water tank 50 decreases, and the probability of the water pump 41 idling increases as the gas content in the cooling liquid increases, so that the service life of the water pump 41 is affected.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the cooling circulation system 40 controls the discharge of the cooling liquid according to the liquid level in the expansion tank 1b in the step S3, which includes the following control steps:
s31: when the liquid level in the expansion tank 1b reaches the maximum discharge value, the drain valve 46 is opened, and the cooling liquid flows out of the cooling circulation system 40 from the drain valve 46;
s32: when the liquid level in the expansion tank 1b reaches the minimum discharge value, the drain valve 46 is closed;
s33: step S31 and step S32 are looped.
Further, the maximum level discharge of the expansion tank 1b is 90%, and if the level exceeds 90%, the drain valve 46 is opened to drain the excess coolant in the cooling circulation system 40.
The minimum value of the liquid level discharge of the expansion tank 1b is 60%, and the liquid level is lower than 60%, so that the total amount of cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 is insufficient, heat in the electric pile 10 is not taken away by the cooling liquid, and the liquid level of the expansion tank 1b is controlled between 60% and 90% through the circulation steps S31 and S32.
In this embodiment, the flow rate of the drain valve 46 is greater than the flow rate of the makeup valve 70.
The flow rate of the drain valve 46 is greater than the flow rate of the replenishment valve 70 to ensure that the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system 40 does not exceed the maximum discharge value, specifically, when the electric conductivity of the cooling liquid does not drop to 3us/cm, the replenishment water tank 50 continuously supplies liquid water to the cooling circulation system 40, and when the liquid level of the expansion tank 1b reaches the maximum discharge value, the drain valve 46 is opened to continuously dilute the cooling liquid, and the excess cooling liquid is discharged to the outside while the liquid water from the replenishment water tank 50 is replenished.
Although the present invention has been disclosed by the above embodiments, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications, substitutions, etc. made to the above components will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control system, comprising:
the anode inlet of the electric pile is connected with an ejector, and the ejector is used for guiding hydrogen to enter the electric pile;
the gas-water separator is respectively connected with the anode outlet of the electric pile and the ejector and is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the anode outlet waste gas from the electric pile;
the cooling circulation system is connected with the electric pile and is used for maintaining the temperature in the electric pile;
the gas-water separator is connected with the cooling circulation system through the water replenishing tank, and the water replenishing tank is used for storing liquid water from the gas-water separator and conveying the liquid water to the cooling circulation system;
the device also comprises an exhaust valve and a drain valve;
the exhaust valve is connected with the gas-water separator and is used for exhausting gas in the gas-water separator;
the drain valve is arranged between the gas-water separator and the make-up water tank and is used for guiding liquid water in the gas-water separator into the make-up water tank;
the cathode of the galvanic pile is communicated with the make-up water tank and further comprises a communication valve which is arranged in parallel with the drain valve, and the inlet of the communication valve and the inlet of the drain valve are both connected with the gas-water separator
The outlet of the communication valve is respectively communicated with the cathode of the galvanic pile and the make-up water tank, and the outlet of the drain valve is communicated with the make-up water tank;
the radiator also comprises an air pump, wherein the air pump is connected with the expansion water tank, and the expansion water tank is connected with the air outlet of the radiator.
2. The fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control system according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a drain valve, a replenishing valve and a first liquid level sensor;
the drain valve is connected with the make-up water tank and is used for draining liquid water in the make-up water tank;
the replenishing valve is arranged between the replenishing water tank and the cooling circulation system and is used for guiding liquid water in the replenishing water tank into the cooling circulation system;
the first liquid level sensor is arranged in the make-up water tank and is used for monitoring the liquid level in the make-up water tank.
3. The fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control system according to claim 2, wherein: the cooling circulation system comprises a water pump, a conductivity sensor, a radiator, a three-way valve and a filter which are connected in sequence;
the inlet of the water pump is respectively connected with the liquid outlet of the electric pile and the replenishing valve, the conductivity sensor is also connected with the three-way valve, and the outlet of the filter is connected with the liquid inlet of the electric pile;
the liquid discharge valve is arranged between the conductivity sensor and the radiator and is used for discharging cooling liquid.
4. A fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control system according to claim 3, wherein: the second liquid level sensor is also included;
the expansion water tank is arranged between the replenishing valve and the water pump and is used for reflecting the total amount of cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system;
the second liquid level sensor is arranged in the expansion water tank and is used for monitoring the liquid level in the expansion water tank.
5. A fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control method applied to the balance control system according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized by comprising the control steps of:
s1: monitoring the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the cooling circulation system in real time;
s2: if the conductivity of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset threshold value, the gas-water separator, the water supplementing tank and the cooling circulation system are communicated, and liquid water in the gas-water separator is led into the cooling circulation system through the water supplementing tank;
s3: the liquid level in the expansion tank is monitored in real time, and the cooling circulation system controls the discharge of the cooling liquid according to the liquid level in the expansion tank.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step S2 of introducing the liquid water in the gas-water separator into the cooling circulation system through the make-up tank comprises the steps of:
s21: when the conductivity of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset threshold value, closing a drain valve and a make-up valve, opening a drain valve, and enabling liquid water in the gas-water separator to enter a make-up water tank;
s22: when the liquid level in the make-up water tank reaches the highest critical value, closing the drain valve, opening the make-up valve, and enabling liquid water to flow into a cooling circulation system from the make-up water tank through the make-up valve so as to reduce the conductivity of the cooling liquid;
s23: setting a flow stopping threshold, closing the replenishing valve and opening the drain valve when the conductivity of the cooling liquid is smaller than the flow stopping threshold.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step S22 further comprises the steps of:
s221: when the liquid level in the make-up water tank is reduced to the lowest critical value and the conductivity of the cooling liquid is greater than the flow stopping threshold value, the make-up valve is closed, and the drain valve is opened until the liquid level in the make-up water tank is restored to the maximum critical value.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the cooling circulation system controls the discharge of the coolant according to the liquid level in the expansion tank in step S3, comprising the control steps of:
s31: when the liquid level in the expansion water tank reaches the highest discharge value, a liquid discharge valve is opened, and the cooling liquid flows out of the cooling circulation system from the liquid discharge valve;
s32: when the liquid level in the expansion water tank reaches the minimum discharge value, closing the liquid discharge valve;
s33: step S31 and step S32 are looped.
9. The fuel cell system coolant conductivity balance control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the flow rate of the liquid discharge valve is larger than that of the replenishing valve.
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| CN202311389757.XA CN117117243B (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Fuel cell system cooling liquid conductivity balance control system and method |
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