CN117111293A - Design method of liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device - Google Patents
Design method of liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device Download PDFInfo
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- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of an order multiplexing optical differential device based on liquid crystal. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Designing a nematic liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystals with certain in-plane angular distribution, wherein the nematic liquid crystal layer is formed by a plurality of liquid crystal cell structures which are arranged in a plane at intervals; (2) An optical path which is sequentially formed by a polarizer, a quarter wave plate, a nematic liquid crystal layer, a quarter wave plate and an analyzer is constructed; (3) The multifunctional light field differentiator can realize the function switching of bright field imaging, first-order differentiation and second-order differentiation by adjusting the voltage. The three functions are independent and do not affect each other. The invention has the advantages of simple regulation and control mode, rich functions, easy integration and the like, and has good application prospect in the important fields of automatic driving, image processing, optical analog calculation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical information processing, in particular to a design method of an order multiplexing optical differential device based on liquid crystal.
Background
With the increasing demand for mass data processing, high-speed, efficient computing has become the core of modern information processing technology. Full-light model calculations have evolved in this context. On one hand, the method overcomes the difficulties of high energy consumption, low operation speed, expensive analog-to-digital conversion and the like in digital calculation, and on the other hand, solves the problems of large equipment volume, low response speed and the like faced by the traditional analog calculation. All-optical computing has the advantages of ultra-high speed and real-time parallel processing, is particularly suitable for real-time processing of large data rates, and is therefore widely developed and researched in recent years and considered as a powerful candidate for next-generation computing tools. Differential operation is a common and crucial operation in optical analog computation, is commonly used for edge enhancement of images in image processing, and has wide application in the fields of automatic driving, biological imaging and the like. Currently, metamaterials and supersurfaces are common methods of designing optical differentiators. Although the integration capability is better than that of the traditional optical element, the super surface with fixed parameters makes the function static, and cannot be flexibly applied to various scenes. Among the reconfigurable optics, liquid Crystal (LC) is identified as one of the most attractive platforms due to its high sensitivity to external stimuli and various light-matter interactions. However, the existing implementation of differentiators using liquid crystals is often through the use of a combination with a super surface, which undoubtedly increases the cost and complexity of device design and fabrication, and the optical analog differentiating devices currently designed for pure liquid crystals are still quite deficient.
Therefore, in order to break through the research bottleneck of pure liquid crystal in the tunable optical computing device, a new design method is needed to meet the deeper demands of the pure liquid crystal optical analog differentiator in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide an order multiplexing optical differential device based on liquid crystal and a design method thereof, and the order multiplexing spatial differential device prepared by the method can realize the function switching of bright field imaging, first-order differential or second-order differential in a space domain.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a design method of an order multiplexing optical field differential device based on liquid crystal comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing a nematic liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystals with certain in-plane angular distribution, wherein the nematic liquid crystal layer is formed by a plurality of liquid crystal cell structures which are arranged in a plane at intervals;
(2) An optical path which is sequentially formed by a polarizer, a quarter wave plate, a liquid crystal unit structure, the quarter wave plate and an analyzer is constructed;
(3) And adjusting the voltage to enable the liquid crystal cell structure to be in different states so as to realize different functions: when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a half wave plate, if y polarized light is input, x polarized light is output so as to realize a first-order differential function of a space domain; when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a 1/4 wave plate, if the phase retardation of the input long and short axes isIs an ellipsometric light of (a) and has a phase retardation of the output long and short axes of +.>To realize the second differential function of the airspace at the moment; when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a zero wave plate, the liquid crystal becomes an isotropic structure, and a bright field imaging function can be realized at this time.
Further, the liquid crystal unit structure comprises an upper indium tin oxide glass layer, an upper photo-alignment layer, a nematic liquid crystal discharge layer, a bottom photo-alignment layer and a bottom indium tin oxide glass layer from top to bottom in sequence.
Further, an included angle between the projection direction of the liquid crystal cell structure in the XOY plane and the X-axis direction is an in-plane included angle theta, and an out-of-plane included angle between the liquid crystal cell structure in the fast axis direction and the XOY plane is alpha.
Further, the jones matrix of the liquid crystal structural unit may be expressed as:
wherein lambda is 0 The wavelengths, θ and α represent the in-plane orientation angle and the out-of-plane orientation angle of the liquid crystal molecules, respectively, δ represents the phase retardation of the polarized light beam along the ordinary and extraordinary optical axes, and i represents the index.
Still further, in the optical path of step (2), the jones matrix of the output light may be expressed as:
jones vectorAnd Jones vector [ C D ]] T Representing the outgoing light and the incoming light, respectively, of any polarization state.
Further, in the step (3), when δ=pi, the liquid crystal is equivalent to a half-wave plate, and when the incident light is y polarized light and the outgoing light is x polarized light, i.e., a=d=0 and b=c=1, E out1 ＝sin2θ。
Still further, when the angle θ is selected to be within the range ofAccording to a mathematical small angle approximation, E out1 The following relationship exists between sin2 theta and 2 theta. Preferably, the angle θ is selected in the range +.>
Further, in the step (3), whenAt this time, the liquid crystal is equivalent to a 1/4 wave plate, and the phase retardation when the incident light is the long and short axes is +>Is an ellipsometric light of which the phase delay of the outgoing light is +.>When ellipsis, i.e. a=1,when (I)>
Still further, when the angle θ is selected to be within the range ofAccording to a mathematical small angle approximation, E out2 There is the following relationship, sin 2 θ～θ 2 . Preferably, the selection range of θ is +.>
Still further, in the step (3), when δ=2π, E out0 The liquid crystal is equivalent to a zero wave plate, and as long as the incident light and the output light are parallel, the 0-order differentiation (bright field imaging) can be realized in any polarization state.
Still further, in the step (3), by adjusting the voltage and rotating the quarter wave plate, the polarizer and the analyzer, the function switching of bright field imaging, first-order differentiation and second-order differentiation can be realized, and the three functions are independent of each other and do not affect each other.
Further, when the operating wavelength is selected to be λ=633 nm, the length of the liquid crystal cell is l=2.8 μm, and the width w=2.8 μm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device can realize three-function switching of bright field imaging, first-order differential and second-order differential operation. The three functions are mutually independent and mutually noninterfere, and can meet the requirements of different operations. This provides a new approach to the design of multiplexed optical computing devices. The method can be widely applied to the important fields of optical analog calculation, automatic driving, image processing and the like.
2. By adjusting the external voltage, differential operation can be realized on the whole visible light wave band, but the differential operation is not limited to the visible light wave band, and good effects can be achieved in near infrared and terahertz wave bands.
3. Compared with the super surface, the liquid crystal has the advantages of high efficiency, adjustable spectral response and the like, is prepared in a large scale and at low cost by combining a mature liquid crystal material processing technology, is easy to be compatible with an optical imaging system, has high integration degree, and can be suitable for the development of future multifunctional devices.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a liquid crystal cell in an embodiment of the present invention; 1. an upper indium tin oxide glass layer (ITO); 2. an upper photoalignment layer; 3. a nematic liquid crystal discharge layer; 4. a bottom photoalignment layer; 5. a bottom indium tin oxide layer (ITO);
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the transfer functions of first and second order differentials of an ideal and designed embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display for realizing bright field imaging, spatial first order differentiation and spatial second order differentiation function switching in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path for differentiating Gaussian beams in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing simulation results of performing bright field imaging, spatial first order differentiation and spatial second order differentiation operations on Gaussian beams in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing experimental results of performing bright field imaging, spatial first order differential and spatial second order differential operations on Gaussian beams in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the optical path for bright-field imaging and differentiation of dyed onion skin cells in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing experimental results of bright field imaging, spatial first order differentiation and spatial second order differentiation operations performed on dyed onion skin cells in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of a wideband experiment for performing bright field imaging, spatial first order differentiation and spatial second order differentiation operations on dyed onion skin cells in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further elaborated below by combining the drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the liquid crystal cell structure is an upper indium tin oxide glass layer 1, an upper photoalignment layer 2, a nematic liquid crystal discharge layer 3, a bottom photoalignment layer 4 and a bottom indium tin oxide glass layer 5 in sequence from top to bottom. In fig. 1, azimuth angle (θ, α) represents the fast axis direction of liquid crystal molecules. The angle between the projection direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the XOY plane and the X-axis direction represents an in-plane angle theta, and the out-of-plane angle between the fast axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the XOY plane is alpha.
The plurality of liquid crystal cell structures are arranged in a plane to form a nematic liquid crystal layer.
Specifically, for an electrically tunable nematic liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are gradually switched from in-plane to out-of-plane by applying an external voltage to the liquid crystal, which can be equivalent to a variable wave plate with a phase retardation of δ, and the equivalent refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules along the fast axis direction is:
wherein alpha represents a liquid crystalOut-of-plane orientation angle of molecule, n o And n e Respectively represent the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the fast and slow axis directions. Alpha may gradually increase from 0 to 0 as the external voltage increasesResulting in an effective refractive index n eff From n e Gradually change to n o 。
For different incident wavelengths, the phase delay can be re-expressed as:
where d is the thickness of the nematic liquid crystal layer and λ is the wavelength of the incident light.
Therefore, the anisotropy of the liquid crystal can be changed by adjusting the external voltage, thereby realizing different wave plates.
For any waveplate, its Jones matrix J (lambda 0 θ, α) can be expressed as:
wherein lambda is 0 Denoted wavelength, θ and α represent in-plane orientation angle and out-of-plane orientation angle of liquid crystal molecules, respectively, and δ represents phase retardation of polarized light beams along ordinary and extraordinary optical axes.
When the incident light passes through the polarizer, the quarter-wave plate, the nematic liquid crystal layer, the quarter-wave plate, and the analyzer in this order, the jones matrix of the output light can be expressed as:
since the quarter wave plate and polarizer (or analyzer) can produce light of any polarization state, jones vectorAnd Jones vector [ C D ]] T Representing the outgoing light and the incoming light, respectively, of any polarization state.
In equation (4), when δ=pi, the liquid crystal is equivalent to a half-wave plate, and when the incident light is y polarized light and the outgoing light is x polarized light, i.e., a=d=0 and b=c=1, equation (4) can be simplified as:
E out1 ＝sin2θ (5)
when (when)At this time, the liquid crystal is equivalent to a 1/4 wave plate, and the phase retardation when the incident light is the long and short axes is +>Is an ellipsometric light of which the phase delay of the outgoing light is +.>When ellipsis, i.e. a=1, +.>Equation (4) can be simplified as:
as shown in FIG. 2, the range of in-plane angles is selectedThe two are obtained from a mathematically small angle approximation:
E out1 ＝sin2θ～2θ
E out2 ＝sin 2 θ～θ 2
as shown in fig. 3, when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a half-wave plate, the voltage is adjusted, and at this time, if y polarized light is input, x polarized light is output, and at this time, the first-order differential function of the airspace can be realized; when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a 1/4 wave plate,if the phase delay of the input long and short axes isIs an ellipsometric light of (a) and has a phase retardation of the output long and short axes of +.>The second order differential function of the airspace can be realized at the moment; when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a zero wave plate (delta=2pi), the liquid crystal becomes a unidirectional structure, and the bright field imaging function can be realized at this time.
The liquid crystal device is placed in the optical path as shown in fig. 4 and 7, and when the incident object is a gaussian beam in fig. 5, bright-field imaging and simulation result diagrams of first-order differentiation and second-order differentiation of the spatial domain are realized. When the object is Gaussian beam and undyed onion epidermis cell, the experimental result graph of bright field imaging and first-order differentiation and second-order differentiation of airspace is realized in fig. 6 and 8, it can be seen from the graph that through adjusting voltage and rotating the quarter wave plate, the polarizer and the analyzer can realize the function switching of bright field imaging, first-order differentiation and second-order differentiation, the three functions are independent of each other, do not influence each other, and the differentiating effect is superior. Fig. 9 shows that the three functions can be realized in the visible light band by adjusting the voltage under different wavelengths, which indicates that the scheme of the embodiment has a very strong application scenario.
While the invention has been described in terms of what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and variations within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for designing an order multiplexing optical differential device based on liquid crystal, comprising the steps of:
(1) Designing a nematic liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystals with certain in-plane angular distribution, wherein the nematic liquid crystal layer is formed by a plurality of liquid crystal cell structures which are arranged in a plane at intervals;
(2) An optical path which is sequentially formed by a polarizer, a quarter wave plate, a nematic liquid crystal layer, a quarter wave plate and an analyzer is constructed;
(3) And adjusting the voltage to enable the liquid crystal cell structure to be in different states so as to realize different functions: when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a half wave plate, if y polarized light is input, x polarized light is output so as to realize a first-order differential function of a space domain; when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a 1/4 wave plate, if the phase retardation of the input long and short axes isIs an ellipsometric light of (a) and has a phase retardation of the output long and short axes of +.>To realize the second differential function of the airspace at the moment; when the liquid crystal is equivalent to a zero wave plate, the liquid crystal becomes an isotropic structure, and a bright field imaging function can be realized at this time.
2. The method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid crystal unit structure comprises an upper indium tin oxide glass layer, an upper photo-alignment layer, a nematic liquid crystal discharge layer, a bottom photo-alignment layer and a bottom indium tin oxide glass layer from top to bottom in sequence.
3. The method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 1, wherein: the jones matrix of the liquid crystal structural unit can be expressed as:
wherein lambda is 0 The wavelengths, θ and α represent the in-plane orientation angle and the out-of-plane orientation angle of the liquid crystal molecules, respectively, δ represents the phase retardation of the polarized light beam along the ordinary and extraordinary optical axes, and i represents the index.
4. A method of designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical derivative device according to claim 3, wherein: in the optical path of the step (2), the jones matrix of the output light can be expressed as:
wherein, jones vectorAnd Jones vector [ C D ]] T Representing the outgoing light and the incoming light, respectively, of any polarization state.
5. The method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (3), when δ=pi, the liquid crystal is equivalent to a half-wave plate, when the incident light is y polarized light and the outgoing light is x polarized light, i.e. a=d=0 and b=c=1,
E out1 ＝sin2θ。
6. the method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 5, wherein: when the angle theta is selected to be withinAccording to a mathematical small angle approximation, E out1 The following relationship exists between sin2 theta and 2 theta.
7. The method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (3), whenAt this time, the liquid crystal is equivalent to a 1/4 wave plate when the incident light is in phase of the long and short axesDelay of +.>Is an ellipsometric light of which the phase delay of the outgoing light is +.>When ellipsis, i.e. a=1, +.>DIn the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
8. the method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 7, wherein: when the angle theta is selected to be withinAccording to a mathematical small angle approximation, E out2 There is the following relationship, sin 2 θ～θ 2 。
9. The method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (3), when δ=2pi, the liquid crystal is equivalent to a zero wave plate, and as long as the incident light and the output light are parallel, bright field imaging can be realized in any polarization state.
10. The method for designing a liquid crystal-based order multiplexing optical differential device according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), through adjusting the voltage and rotating the quarter wave plate, the polarizer and the analyzer, the functions of bright field imaging, first-order differentiation and second-order differentiation can be switched, and the three functions are independent and do not affect each other.
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