CN117110181A - Stress corrosion sensitivity test method for additive manufacturing material - Google Patents
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a stress corrosion sensitivity test method of an additive manufacturing material, which comprises the following steps: sampling in different directions of the material adding part to obtain a plurality of test samples; under the simulation test condition, performing stress corrosion simulation test on the test sample to obtain the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Under the inert test environment, adopting the test conditions same as those of the simulation test to perform the stress corrosion simulation test to obtain the elongation delta under the inert environment Idler wheel The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould And elongation delta under inert environment Idler wheel The difference in (1) yields stress corrosion sensitivity I SCC . The stress corrosion sensitivity evaluation method of the component can respectively consider stress corrosion sensitivity weights in different directions, comprehensively calculate and obtain the stress corrosion sensitivity of the component, and the obtained result can effectively evaluate the stress corrosion sensitivity of the additive manufacturing material and fully consider additive manufacturingInfluence of anisotropy in the process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear power, in particular to a stress corrosion sensitivity test method for an additive manufacturing material.
Background
The advanced technology of additive manufacturing has very wide application prospect in the nuclear power field, can realize the rapid manufacturing of complex and precise parts, and is particularly beneficial to the emergency replacement of parts during the overhaul of a nuclear power unit and the preparation of small-batch complex workpieces. However, based on the high importance of nuclear power to safety issues, additive manufactured components need to be effectively evaluated prior to use.
Therefore, research and development of the aging evaluation method for the nuclear power material for additive manufacturing have obvious influence on the application of the additive manufacturing technology in a nuclear power plant, and only a reliable evaluation method can provide reliable support for safe operation of a nuclear power unit and improvement of economic benefits.
Some of the metallic materials commonly used in nuclear power plants are subjected to tensile stress and corrosive environments for a long time, such as low alloy steel and stainless steel materials, and stress corrosion cracking occurs. The stress corrosion evaluation method of the conventionally manufactured metal part forms a feasible standard, and the reliability of the evaluation result is good.
However, the additive manufactured parts have not been evaluated effectively, and conventional evaluation methods cannot evaluate them effectively and cannot evaluate their service lives effectively because of the significant anisotropy problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a stress corrosion sensitivity test method for additive manufacturing materials aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a stress corrosion susceptibility testing method of constructing an additive manufacturing material, comprising the steps of:
sampling in different directions of the material adding part to obtain a plurality of test samples;
under the simulation test condition, performing stress corrosion simulation test on the test sample to obtain the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould ；
Under the inert test environment, adopting the test conditions same as those of the simulation test to perform the stress corrosion simulation test to obtain the elongation delta under the inert environment Idler wheel ；
According to the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould And elongation delta under inert environment Idler wheel The difference in (1) yields stress corrosion sensitivity I SCC 。
In some embodiments, stress corrosion sensitivity I SCC The method is based on the following formula:
wherein I is SCC To simulate stress corrosion sensitivity in an environmental water environment; delta Idler wheel Is the elongation under inert environment; delta Mould In a simulated environmentIs a high elongation rate.
In some embodiments, samples are taken in different directions of the additive package as they are taken on the additive package.
In some embodiments, two sections are divided in the length direction and the width direction, respectively, with the center of the additive component as a reference, forming four regions, which are sampled in the length direction, the width direction, and four different directions respectively, which are deflected 45 ° on both sides of the length direction, respectively, forming a set of test samples.
In some embodiments, the test samples are in the form of sheets or rods, each set of sampled test samples are connected in series or parallel, and the test samples are stretched at a set strain rate while testing.
In some embodiments, when each group of sampled test samples is connected in series, if one test sample breaks during the test of each group of test samples, after the test of the group is finished, at least three groups of test samples are repeatedly tested effectively, and then the average value is calculated; when the test samples of each group are connected in parallel, all the test samples of each group are pulled off, and at least three groups of test samples are tested effectively.
In some embodiments, the sampled test sample is placed in a container, the container storing a simulated solution under simulated test conditions, and the container being filled with an inert gas under an inert environment.
In some embodiments, the following test conditions in an inert test environment are the same as in a simulated test environment: sample size, sampling mode, strain rate were tested.
In some embodiments, the overall evaluation coefficient K of the sampled test sample for each direction is determined when the sampled test sample is tested in parallel i ；
Obtained K i The value is used as a coefficient to multiply the ratio of the external stress to the total stress of the component to obtain the coefficient x of each sampling in different directions i A value;
wherein F is i For the partial stress in the sampling direction, F t Is the total stress to which the component is subjected.
For x i Normalized to obtain final weight coefficient X i ：
n is the number of sampling directions on the additive package;
weight calculation of stress Corrosion sensitivity of test samples in n directions I SCC-Q ，I SCC-Q ＝X 1 I 1 +X 2 +…+X n I n 。
In some embodiments, K i The value of (1) depends on at least one of the environmental specificity of the test sample location, the thickness of the part, the stress concentration degree, K i The maximum value of (2) is 1, the minimum value is 0.5, the more severe the environment is, the more complex the parts are stressed, K i The greater the value of (2).
The method for testing the stress corrosion sensitivity of the additive manufacturing material has the following beneficial effects: the stress corrosion sensitivity evaluation method of the component carries out stress analysis on the in-service component, and can respectively consider stress corrosion sensitivity weights in different directions to carry out comprehensive calculation so as to obtain the stress corrosion sensitivity of the component. The stress corrosion sensitivity of the additive manufacturing material can be effectively evaluated by adopting the results obtained by the stress corrosion sensitivity evaluation method in different directions, and the influence of anisotropy in the additive manufacturing process is fully considered.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a sample location on an additive package in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tensile test for an important part;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tensile test for a generic component;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a stress corrosion susceptibility testing method of the additive manufacturing material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The stress corrosion susceptibility testing method of the additive manufacturing material in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is used to develop a stress corrosion susceptibility evaluation of the additive manufacturing material.
The stress sensitivity evaluation is generally carried out in a simulation environment by adopting a slow strain rate stretching method, and before the stress corrosion sensitivity evaluation in the simulation environment is started, a stress corrosion simulation test in an inert environment under the same condition is firstly carried out for subsequent stress corrosion sensitivity calculation, and the test in the inert environment is consistent with the following stress corrosion test except the environment, such as the size of a test sample 10, a sampling mode, a strain rate and the like.
Specifically, the stress corrosion sensitivity test method of the additive manufacturing material comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, samples are taken in different directions of the additive package 1, and several test samples 10 are obtained;
under the simulation test condition, the stress corrosion simulation test is carried out on the test sample 10 to obtain the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould ；
Under the inert test environment, adopting the test conditions same as those of the simulation test to perform the stress corrosion simulation test to obtain the elongation delta under the inert environment Idler wheel ；
According to stress corrosion sensitivity delta under simulated environment Mould And elongation delta under inert environment Idler wheel The difference in (1) yields stress corrosion sensitivity I SCC 。
As shown in fig. 1, samples are taken from the additive package 1, and samples are taken from different directions of the additive package 1 when the test sample 10 is obtained, so as to test the material properties of the additive package 1 in different directions.
In this embodiment, four different directions are selected for sampling for each additive manufactured part, forming a set of test samples 10. Preferably, the rice-shaped sampling is selected, that is, two sections are respectively divided in the length direction and the width direction based on the center of the additive component 1 to form four areas, the four areas are respectively sampled in the length direction, the width direction and four different directions respectively deflected by 45 degrees at two sides of the length direction, the test samples 10 are taken out in the four different directions, and for the test, the sampling method is as shown in fig. 1, and the shape of the test samples 10 can be in a sheet shape or a rod shape. Depending on the requirements of the test, samples can also be taken at angles of 30 ° or 20 ° per deflection, and the number of samples is at least three, usually four or more, ensuring that samples are taken in different directions.
When the stress corrosion simulation test is performed on the test sample 10 under the simulation test condition, the sampled test sample 10 can be connected in series or in parallel, the test sample 10 is stretched at the set strain rate, and the test is performed simultaneously, so as to obtain the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould 。
In general, according to the importance of the additive package 1, the test samples 10 are selected to be sampled in series or in parallel, and the importance of the package is determined by: the core component, the components which can cause serious consequences after failure, the components which are difficult to replace or have high replacement cost are important components; the components which are not core components, easy to replace and have limited influence after failure are listed as general components.
As shown in fig. 2, for the critical components, each set of sampling components is typically connected in series and tested for stretch at a set strain rate. Important parts are tested for stress corrosion sensitivity: stainless steel is generally selected to be 10 at the selection of the slow strain rate tensile strain rate -6 Nickel base alloy of the order of magnitude/S, option 10 -7 The order of magnitude of/S can be adjusted according to actual conditions; the environment is selected according to the actual condition of the component, so that an acceleration simulation experiment, such as simulating a seawater environment, a high-temperature high-pressure water environment and the like, can be properly performed, and the acceleration experiment can be performed according to the requirement; selecting different strain rates according to the brand and service state of the materialFour test samples 10 were serially connected under the same conditions (as shown in fig. 2) at a prescribed strain rate, and once one test sample 10 breaks during each set of tests, the set of tests was completed and the effective test of at least three sets of test samples 10 was repeated and averaged.
Further, in an inert test environment, performing stress corrosion simulation test on the important part by adopting the test conditions identical to those of the important part simulation test to obtain the extensibility delta in the inert environment Idler wheel 。
Specifically, the important components are tested by placing the sampled test sample 10 in the container 20 under both a simulation test and an inert test environment, wherein the simulation solution is stored in the container 20 under the simulation test condition, and the inert gas is filled in the container 20 under the inert environment. Further, in order to ensure that the external factors in the two test environments are as small as possible, the following test conditions in the inert test environment are the same as those in the simulation test environment: the sample 10 size, sampling pattern, strain rate were tested.
According to the elongation delta of important parts in a simulated environment Mould And elongation delta under inert environment Idler wheel The difference in (1) yields stress corrosion sensitivity I SCC The stress corrosion sensitivity is calculated as in equation (1).
Wherein I is SCC To simulate stress corrosion sensitivity in an environmental water environment; delta Idler wheel Is the elongation under inert environment; delta Mould Is the elongation in the simulated environment.
As shown in fig. 3, for a typical part, each set of sampling parts is typically connected in parallel and tested for stretch at a set strain rate.
When the stress corrosion sensitivity test is carried out on the general component, the basic principle of the test method is consistent with that of an important component, and the basic principle comprises the selection of strain rate, environment and the like; according to the brand and service state of the material, different strain rates are selected, four test samples 10 are connected in parallel under the same condition as shown in fig. 3, the four test samples 10 are all required to be pulled off in the test process under the specified strain rate, at least three groups of test samples 10 are repeatedly tested effectively, and the test is ended.
Specifically, the general components are tested by placing the sampled sample 10 in a container 20 under both a simulation test and an inert test environment, wherein a simulation solution is stored in the container 20 under the simulation test condition, and an inert gas is filled in the container 20 under the inert environment. Further, in order to ensure that the external factors in the two test environments are as small as possible, the following test conditions in the inert test environment are the same as those in the simulation test environment: the sample 10 size, sampling pattern, strain rate were tested.
The stress corrosion sensitivity evaluation method of the component carries out stress analysis on the in-service component, and can respectively consider stress corrosion sensitivity weights in different directions to carry out comprehensive calculation so as to obtain the stress corrosion sensitivity of the component. The stress corrosion sensitivity of the additive manufacturing material can be effectively evaluated by adopting the results obtained by the stress corrosion sensitivity evaluation method in different directions, and the influence of anisotropy in the additive manufacturing process is fully considered.
Specifically, the test evaluation of the important parts is based on the fastest fracture as the stress corrosion sensitivity of the material; the results obtained by the calculation are compared with the material under the inert environment by calculation and analyzed, namely the formula in the formula (1), and the average value of the three groups of test samples 10 is calculated under the repeatable condition.
The general component is evaluated, the calculation result of stress corrosion sensitivity is obtained by using the formula (1), the test samples 10 sampled at the same position are averaged three times under the condition of ensuring the repeatability, and the stress corrosion sensitivity result of each group of four test samples 10 is respectively obtained; the stress corrosion sensitivity of the four test samples 10 obtained in different sampling modes is comprehensively weighted, and the stress corrosion sensitivity of the component is comprehensively evaluated, wherein the calculation process is as follows:
obtained K i The value being the coefficient and the component being subject toMultiplying the ratio of the boundary stress to the total stress to obtain the coefficient x of each sampling in different directions i A value;
wherein F is i For the partial stress in the sampling direction, F t Is the total stress to which the component is subjected.
For x i Normalized to obtain final weight coefficient X i ：
n is the number of sampling directions on the additive package 1, in this embodiment n is 4;
weight calculation of stress corrosion sensitivity of test sample 10 in n directions I SCC-Q ，
I SCC-Q ＝X 1 I 1 +X 2 +…+X n I n (equation 4).
In some embodiments, K i The value of (1) depends on at least one of the environmental specificity of the location of the test sample 10, the thickness of the part, the degree of stress concentration, etc., K i The maximum value of (2) is 1, the minimum value is 0.5, the more severe the environment is, the more complex the parts are stressed, K i The greater the value of (2).
Referring to fig. 4, the following steps are performed to evaluate stress corrosion sensitivity, using an additive manufactured part in a complex stress state as an example:
(1) The stress condition and the service environment of the component are studied and analyzed in detail;
(2) Sampling the stress corrosion test sample 10 of the component, and sampling in four directions respectively;
(3) Carrying out stress corrosion experiments in an inert environment to obtain the elongation in four directions (if the elongation is a key component, the experiment in the inert environment can be carried out after the experiment in a simulation environment is carried out, and only the first fracture test sample 10 is carried out);
(4) Judging the importance degree of the component (step 5-7 is for important components, 8-11 is for general components);
(5) Performing a series stress corrosion test of four test samples 10, repeating three times, and increasing the repetition times for the test samples 10 with poor repeatability;
(6) Calculating the stress corrosion sensitivity of the first fracture material by using a formula 1;
(7) The stress corrosion susceptibility of the three groups of materials was averaged and used as the stress corrosion susceptibility of the part or test sample 10;
(8) Carrying out parallel stress corrosion tests of four test samples 10, wherein the test can be completed after all the test of the four test samples 10 is completed in the test process, and repeating for three times, so that the number of times of repetition is increased for the test samples 10 with poor repeatability;
(9) Calculating stress corrosion sensitivity of each test sample 10 using equation 1, and calculating an average value of each test sample 10;
(10) According to the stress state of the component, determining four comprehensive evaluation coefficients K in different directions i And calculating according to formulas (2) and (3) to obtain a weight coefficient x i And X i ；
(11) The weighted stress corrosion sensitivity I of the component is calculated according to the formula (4) SCC-Q 。
It will be appreciated that the above technical features may be used in any combination without limitation.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing stress corrosion sensitivity of an additive manufacturing material, comprising the steps of:
sampling in different directions of the material adding part (1) to obtain a plurality of test samples (10);
under the simulation test condition, the stress corrosion simulation test is carried out on the test sample (10) to obtain the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould ；
Under the inert test environment, adopting the test conditions same as those of the simulation test to perform the stress corrosion simulation test to obtain the elongation delta under the inert environment Idler wheel ；
According to the elongation delta under the simulation environment Mould And elongation delta under inert environment Idler wheel The difference in (1) yields stress corrosion sensitivity I SCC 。
2. The method for testing stress corrosion sensitivity of an additive manufacturing material according to claim 1, wherein stress corrosion sensitivity I SCC The method is based on the following formula:
wherein I is SCC To simulate stress corrosion sensitivity in an environmental water environment; delta Idler wheel Is the elongation under inert environment; delta Mould Is the elongation in the simulated environment.
3. The method of stress corrosion susceptibility testing of an additive manufacturing material of claim 1, wherein; when sampling on the additive part (1), sampling is performed in different directions of the additive part (1) respectively.
4. A stress corrosion susceptibility testing method for additive manufactured materials according to claim 3, characterized in that the center of the additive manufactured material (1) is taken as a reference, two sections are divided in the length direction and the width direction respectively, four areas are formed, and the four areas are sampled respectively in the length direction, the width direction and four different directions respectively deflected 45 ° on both sides of the length direction respectively, to form a set of test samples (10).
5. A method of testing stress corrosion susceptibility of an additive manufactured material according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the test samples (10) are in the form of sheets or rods, each set of sampled test samples (10) being connected in series or in parallel, the test samples (10) being stretched at a set strain rate while testing.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein when each set of sampled test samples (10) is connected in series, if one test sample (10) breaks during the test of each set of test samples (10), the test of each set is ended, and at least three sets of test samples (10) are repeatedly tested for effectiveness, and then the average value is calculated; when each group of sampled test samples (10) is connected in parallel, all the test samples (10) in each group are pulled off, and at least three groups of test samples (10) are tested effectively.
7. The method for testing the stress corrosion sensitivity of an additive manufacturing material according to claim 5, wherein the sampled test sample (10) is placed in a container (20) for testing, a simulation solution is stored in the container (20) under a simulation test condition, and inert gas is filled in the container (20) under an inert environment.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the following test conditions in an inert test environment are the same as in a simulated test environment: the size, sampling mode and strain rate of the test sample (10).
9. The method for testing the stress corrosion sensitivity of an additive manufacturing material according to claim 5, wherein the comprehensive evaluation coefficient K of the test sample (10) sampled in each direction is determined when the sampled test samples (10) are tested in parallel i ；
Obtained K i The value is used as a coefficient to multiply the ratio of the external stress to the total stress of the component to obtain samples in different directionsCoefficient x i A value;
wherein F is i For the partial stress in the sampling direction, F t Is the total stress to which the component is subjected;
for x i Normalized to obtain final weight coefficient X i ：
n is the number of sampling directions on the additive component (1);
weight calculation of stress corrosion sensitivity of n-directional test samples (10) SCC-Q ，I SCC-Q ＝X 1 I 1 +X 2 +…+X n I n 。
10. The method for stress corrosion susceptibility testing of an additive manufacturing material according to claim 9, wherein K i The value of (1) depends on at least one of the environmental specificity of the location of the test sample (10), the thickness of the part, the degree of stress concentration, K i The maximum value of (2) is 1, the minimum value is 0.5, the more severe the environment is, the more complex the parts are stressed, K i The greater the value of (2).
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