CN117110106A - Method for testing fatigue performance of aluminum alloy material in simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment - Google Patents
Method for testing fatigue performance of aluminum alloy material in simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117110106A CN117110106A CN202311373835.7A CN202311373835A CN117110106A CN 117110106 A CN117110106 A CN 117110106A CN 202311373835 A CN202311373835 A CN 202311373835A CN 117110106 A CN117110106 A CN 117110106A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum alloy
- pressure
- hydrogen
- simulated
- alloy material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910000755 6061-T6 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000853 7075 T6 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a method for testing fatigue performance of an aluminum alloy material in a simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment. The method comprises the following steps: under the temperature T and the humidity phi, carrying out pulling-direction loading-unloading-loading repeated cyclic test on the aluminum alloy material at the loading frequency f and the loading S until the aluminum alloy material is broken, wherein the temperature T is 20-35 ℃, the humidity phi is 40-97% RH, the loading frequency f is 0.05-0.2 Hz, and the loading S is 100-200 MPa; obtaining the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment, wherein the fatigue performance is expressed as the number of times of the aluminum alloy material breaking under the load S in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment H2 70-170 MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of material performance testing, in particular to a method for testing fatigue performance of an aluminum alloy material in a simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment.
Background
The safe and efficient hydrogen storage technology is a key link of the hydrogen energy industry chain. The most mature and widely used aluminum alloy hydrogen storage tank at present has an aluminum alloy inner container and a carbon fiber material coating the periphery of the inner container. The hydrogen storage density of the conventional 35MPa hydrogen storage tank is only 2.4 and wt percent, the hydrogen storage density of the next-generation hydrogen fuel vehicle is required to be improved to be more than 6.5 and wt percent, the corresponding hydrogen storage pressure is required to be more than 70MPa, and the whole service period is required to be subjected to repeated hydrogen charging and discharging cycles for more than ten thousand times. Under the cyclic load action of high-pressure hydrogen, local plasticity is reduced, cracks are rapidly expanded and durability is reduced easily, high-pressure hydrogen embrittlement is generated, and then the hydrogen storage tank is broken and loses efficacy, so that safety accidents are generated. Therefore, in order to ensure long-term, stable and reliable operation, special attention is paid to the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material under high-pressure hydrogen environment.
However, in the prior art, there are two main types of testing devices for fatigue performance of conventional materials under hydrogen atmosphere, one is to directly build up a high-pressure gas kettle, and the other is to utilize electrochemical reaction to permeate hydrogen. Patent application CN112540014a, for example, provides a fatigue test device and a method under high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the test device comprises a fatigue test kettle, a crack length measuring mechanism, a recording mechanism, a hydrogen mechanism supply mechanism, a pressure measuring mechanism and the like. Wherein the main function of the hydrogen mechanism supply mechanism is to provide a high pressure hydrogen environment. The patent application CN 113466427A provides a test system for testing hydrogen embrittlement resistance and service life of a material under a high-pressure hydrogen environment, which comprises a slow strain rate tensile testing machine, a high-pressure gas kettle, a constant-temperature circulator, an oxygen concentration detector, a burner and other devices, and can be used for carrying out the slow strain rate tensile and low cycle load fatigue test of the material under a multi-component high-pressure gas environment. In the literature 'influence of electrolytic hydrogen permeation and low cycle fatigue on the mechanical properties of 6061-T6Al alloy', the method of electrolytic hydrogen permeation and low cycle fatigue is adopted, and the change rule of the mechanical properties of 6061-T6Al alloy for the liner of the hydrogen storage bottle in the high-pressure hydrogen environment and the rapid hydrogen charging and discharging process is simulated and researched.
In the existing test method, the high-pressure gas kettle is relatively close to the real service condition of the material, but expensive high-pressure resistant equipment is required to be customized, the loading of hydrogen pressure above 70MPa is difficult to realize, in addition, the hydrogen is an explosive hazard source, the test hazard is high, and the popularization in a laboratory is difficult. The electrochemical reaction hydrogen permeation device is simple and convenient and is simple to operate, but the electrochemical process parameter change can only simulate the hydrogen concentration in the material, and the diffusion rate and the distribution state of hydrogen atoms under the working condition of ultrahigh hydrogen pressure above 70MPa are difficult to simulate.
Therefore, a method for testing the fatigue performance of an aluminum alloy material in a high-pressure hydrogen environment is needed, and the problem that the high-hydrogen pressure testing environment of the aluminum alloy material with the pressure of more than 70MPa is difficult to simulate in the prior art is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method for testing fatigue performance of an aluminum alloy material in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, so as to solve the technical problem that the high-pressure hydrogen environment which is suitable for the aluminum alloy material is difficult to simulate to be more than 70MPa in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for testing fatigue performance of an aluminum alloy material in a simulated high pressure hydrogen environment, the method comprising:
s1: under the temperature T and the humidity phi, carrying out pulling-direction loading-unloading-loading repeated cyclic test on the aluminum alloy material at the loading frequency f and the loading S until the aluminum alloy material is broken, wherein the temperature T is 20-35 ℃, the humidity phi is 40-97% RH, the loading frequency f is 0.05-0.2 Hz, and the loading S is 100-200 MPa;
s2: the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment is obtained, wherein the fatigue performance is expressed as the number of times of the aluminum alloy material breaking under the load S in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment is obtained H2 70-170 MPa.
Preferably, the temperature T is 25 ℃.
Preferably, the humidity phi is 40% -66% RH.
Preferably, the humidity φ is 40% RH, 60% RH, 66% RH, or 97% RH.
Preferably, the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity phi is 40% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulates the high-pressure hydrogen environment H2 70 MPa.
Preferably, the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity phi is 60% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulates the high-pressure hydrogen environment H2 105 MPa.
Preferably, the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity phi 2 is 66% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulates a high-pressure hydrogen environment H2 115 MPa.
Preferably, the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity phi 2 is 97% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulates the high-pressure hydrogen environment H2 170 MPa.
Preferably, the loading frequency f is 0.2Hz and the load S is 100MPa, 190MPa or 200MPa.
Preferably, prior to step S1, the method of the application further comprises the steps of: polishing and ultrasonic cleaning are carried out on the aluminum alloy material.
Aiming at the technical problem that the high hydrogen pressure test environment of the aluminum alloy material with the pressure of more than 70MPa is difficult to simulate in the prior art, the application provides a method for repeatedly circulating the pulling-loading, unloading and loading of the aluminum alloy material in the wet air with a certain humidity range, and simulating the actual high hydrogen pressure working condition by high-pressure hydrogen generated by hydrolysis reaction on the fresh surface of the aluminum alloy material, thereby being capable of conveniently testing the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the high hydrogen pressure environment with the pressure of more than 70 MPa.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an experimental system employed by a test method according to one embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
In order to solve the technical problem that the high hydrogen pressure test environment of the aluminum alloy material with the pressure of more than 70MPa is difficult to simulate, the application provides a method for testing the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the high-pressure hydrogen simulation environment, which comprises the following steps:
s1: under the temperature T and the humidity phi, carrying out pulling-direction loading-unloading-loading repeated cyclic test on the aluminum alloy material at the loading frequency f and the loading S until the aluminum alloy material is broken, wherein the temperature T is 20-35 ℃, the humidity phi is 40-97% RH, the loading frequency f is 0.05-0.2 Hz, and the loading S is 100-200 MPa;
s2: the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment is obtained, wherein the fatigue performance is expressed as the number of times of the aluminum alloy material breaking under the load S in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment is obtained H2 70-170 MPa.
The method simulates the actual high-hydrogen pressure working condition by high-pressure hydrogen generated by hydrolysis reaction on the fresh surface when the aluminum alloy material is pulled to the loading-unloading-loading repeated circulation in the wet air.
According to the application, when the aluminum alloy is pulled to the loading-unloading-loading repeated circulation in the wet air, the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy is gradually broken due to plastic deformation, the leaked fresh surface activity is very high, the aluminum alloy is extremely easy to react with surrounding water vapor, high-pressure hydrogen is generated, and the hydrogen partial pressure can change along with the change of the ambient temperature and the humidity. According to the Gibbs free energy of the aluminum alloy hydrolysis reaction and a steam wet enthalpy diagram, a quantitative relation model between the ambient temperature, the humidity and the hydrogen partial pressure generated by the hydrolysis reaction can be established, and further the fatigue performance of the material under the corresponding hydrogen pressure can be evaluated by testing the fatigue life of the material under the specific temperature and humidity conditions.
The application establishes the simulated hydrogen pressure (P) based on the theoretical basis and a large number of experiments H2 ) Empirical model of the calculation relationship with the test humidity (phi) and temperature (T), namely: p (P) H2 =k.phi.exp (25.5-5202.6/T) ×exp (35923.4/T). Wherein K is an empirical constant of 2.628 x 10 -48 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein T is given in Kelvin (K). In practical application, the unit of the value of T can be converted from K to the temperature. The empirical model lays a foundation for selecting proper humidity and temperature conditions for target simulated hydrogen pressure.
Based on the above experience model, the application discovers that the high hydrogen pressure environment of 70-170 MPa can be simulated for the aluminum alloy material in the pull-loading-unloading-loading repeated cycle experiment by setting the humidity to 40% -97% RH in the environment (20 ℃ -35 ℃) close to the room temperature. The difficulty of the simulation test of the high-hydrogen pressure environment is greatly reduced.
Further, the corresponding hydrogen pressure P can be obtained by changing the ambient temperature T and the humidity phi of the test sample H2 Fatigue properties of the lower material. The fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-hydrogen pressure environment can be effectively evaluated through the pulling-loading-unloading-loading cycle times of the material during fracture. Proved by experiments, the method can be used for measuring the simulated hydrogen pressure P H2 The fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in a high-hydrogen pressure environment of 70-170 MPa.
In order to verify the reliability of the simulated high-hydrogen pressure environment obtained by the empirical model, an aluminum alloy material is placed under the set temperature and humidity conditions (20-35 ℃ and 40-97% RH) for pulling loading-unloading-loading repeated cycle experiments, the obtained cycle times at break are compared with the fatigue performance of the same alloy material in the actual high-hydrogen pressure environment, the fact that the cycle times at break of the alloy in the simulated high-hydrogen pressure environment are identical with the alloy fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the actual high-hydrogen pressure environment of 70-170 MPa is confirmed, and the empirical model can truly obtain the high-hydrogen pressure environment of 70-170 MPa.
The method creatively proposes that the pulling loading-unloading-loading repeated cyclic treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy material by adjusting and controlling the temperature and humidity conditions in a laboratory environment, so that the high-hydrogen pressure environment of 70-170 MPa can be conveniently and safely simulated, and the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the high-pressure hydrogen environment can be effectively measured. The application ingeniously utilizes the following findings: the aluminum alloy material is repeatedly exposed to fresh surfaces by pulling to load-unload-load under a specific humidity environment and undergoes hydrolysis, thereby generating high-pressure hydrogen. According to the Gibbs free energy and the steam wet enthalpy diagram of the aluminum alloy hydrolysis reaction, a calculation relation experience model between temperature, humidity and corresponding pressure is obtained through a large number of experimental verification, and based on the experience model, the temperature and humidity conditions which are safer and more suitable for laboratory operation are selected, so that the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material under the simulated high-hydrogen pressure environment of 70-170 MPa is measured.
In the method, the temperature is controlled to be 20-35 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 40-97% RH, so that a 70-170 MPa simulated high-hydrogen pressure environment can be realized. Preferably, the temperature can be controlled to 25-30 ℃ and the humidity can be controlled to be in the range of 40-66% RH, more preferably 40-60% RH, which are easy to realize by conventional materials laboratories and have higher safety. The application has the remarkable advantages that the experimental risk of simulating the high-hydrogen pressure environment can be greatly reduced, and the convenience of laboratory operation is greatly improved.
In the method, the fresh surface of the aluminum alloy is required to be hydrolyzed in a humidity environment to obtain a simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment, and the fatigue loading frequency is set to be below 0.2Hz, particularly 0.05-0.2 Hz, so that enough time is ensured to be hydrolyzed, and the condition of the high-pressure hydrogen environment is achieved.
In the method of the present application, in order to improve the convenience of operation, it is preferable that the test temperature T is set to normal temperature 25 ℃.
In the method of the present application, in order to improve the convenience of operation, it is preferable that the humidity phi is set to 40% rh.
In the method of the present application, in order to improve the convenience of operation, it is preferable that the humidity phi is set to 60% rh.
In the method of the present application, in order to improve the convenience of operation, it is preferable that the humidity phi is set to 66% rh.
In the method of the present application, in order to improve the convenience of operation, it is preferable that the humidity phi is set to 97% rh.
In a specific embodiment, the temperature T is set to 25 ℃, the humidity phi is set to 40% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P corresponding to the simulated high pressure hydrogen environment H2 70 MPa.
In another specific embodiment, the temperature T is set to 25 ℃, the humidity phi is set to 60% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P corresponding to the simulated high pressure hydrogen environment H2 105 MPa.
In another specific embodiment, the temperature T is set to 25 ℃, the humidity phi is set to 66% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P corresponding to the simulated high pressure hydrogen environment H2 115 MPa.
In another specific embodiment, the temperature T is set to 25 ℃, the humidity phi is set to 97% RH, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P corresponding to the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment H2 170 MPa.
In a specific embodiment, the method of the application may employ a loading frequency f of 0.2Hz and a load S of 100MPa, 190MPa or 200MPa.
Preferably, before step S1, the method of the application further comprises the steps of: polishing and ultrasonic cleaning are carried out on the aluminum alloy material. Polishing and ultrasonic cleaning are favorable for removing foreign matters on the surface of the aluminum alloy material on one hand, and local defects of the material can be reduced on the other hand, so that the exposure of the fresh surface of the aluminum alloy can be facilitated, the occurrence of hydrolysis oxidation reaction is facilitated, and the fatigue life test is more accurate and reliable. The extent of sanding and ultrasonic cleaning is preferably such that the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy material is < 0.4 μm, more preferably < 0.35 μm, most preferably < 0.32 μm.
In order to implement the test method of the present application, an experiment system capable of controlling temperature and humidity conditions while performing a pull-load-unload-load repetitive cycle experiment may be selected.
For example, the following experimental system for testing fatigue performance of aluminum alloy materials in a simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment can be adopted, and mainly comprises a fatigue testing machine for testing fatigue performance, a matched stretching clamp and a stretching sample, and a high-low temperature alternating humidity and heat testing box for providing a specific temperature and humidity environment. More specifically, the system includes:
the fatigue testing machine mainly comprises a host unit, a loading unit, a clamping system and a control system;
upper and lower clamps matched with the fatigue testing machine and a fatigue testing sample;
the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is matched with the fatigue testing machine; the main function of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is to provide a temperature and humidity change environment, and an air dryer, a heater, a refrigeration evaporator and a blower fan are contained in the test box to ensure the temperature and humidity requirements of a working chamber. The box body of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with universal casters and can be pushed between two upright posts of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine. The working chamber of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with a space through which the upper clamp and the lower clamp pass, so that a fatigue test sample can be connected with the upper end and the lower end of the fatigue test machine through the upper clamp and the lower clamp respectively.
Preferably, the temperature range of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is 20-100 ℃, the normal temperature is preferably 100 ℃, the humidity range is 5-98% RH, the temperature fluctuation degree is less than or equal to +/-0.5 ℃, and the temperature uniformity is +/-2 ℃.
For example, reference may be made to FIG. 1, which shows a schematic diagram of an experimental system employed by the test method according to one embodiment of the application. The experiment system comprises a fatigue testing machine 1 and a high-low temperature alternating wet heat testing box 2.
According to a specific embodiment, the application tests the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environmentThe method mainly comprises the steps of preparing a fatigue test sample, performing surface treatment, and simulating hydrogen pressure P H2 Setting working environment temperature T and humidity phi, testing fatigue performance of samples under specific loading frequency f and loading S working conditions, testing parallel samples and the like.
More specifically, according to one embodiment of the present application, the method comprises the steps of:
firstly, processing an aluminum alloy material into a dumbbell-shaped fatigue test sample 3, and carrying out local polishing and ultrasonic cleaning on the parallel end of the sample until the surface roughness of the sample is less than 0.32 mu m;
starting the fatigue testing machine, and pushing the high-low temperature alternating wet heat test box between two vertical columns of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine;
opening a front door of the test box, installing matched upper and lower clamps, and properly adjusting the positions of the clamps to install a reserved space for a fatigue test sample;
step four, mounting a first fatigue test sample, ensuring that the stress direction of the sample is consistent with the loading direction of a fatigue tester force value, and closing a front door of the test box;
step five, aiming at the hydrogen pressure P to be simulated H2 Setting humidity phi and temperature T of the test box, and starting the test box. In this step, the temperature T is preferably 20-35 ℃, phi is 40-97% RH, and the corresponding simulated hydrogen pressure P of the high hydrogen pressure environment is calculated through an empirical model H2 70-170 MPa;
and step six, after the temperature and the humidity of the test box are stable, setting loading frequency f, load S and termination conditions, starting a test program, and carrying out pulling-direction loading-unloading-loading repeated cycle test. The loading frequency f is preferably 0.05-0.2 Hz, the load S is preferably 100-200 MPa, and the termination condition is preferably sample fracture.
Step seven, finishing the loading test to obtain the material under simulated hydrogen pressure P H2 The number of cycles under the load S condition N;
step eight, repeating the steps four to seven twice, and taking the average value of the three test results as the simulated hydrogen pressure P of the final material H2 Fatigue life under conditionsN。
In the actual testing process, the aluminum alloy material can be selected to be prepared into different types such as dumbbell type, sheet type, rod type, thread type and the like according to different aluminum alloy materials and laboratory environments and other factors.
According to different test precision requirements, the test method of the application can be repeated for a plurality of times, for example, can be repeated for two times, three times, or five times, six times, seven times, etc.
Compared with the existing simulation test method, the method provided by the application has obvious advantages. The conventional method for building the high-pressure hydrogen kettle to test the fatigue performance of the material needs to customize expensive high-pressure resistant equipment, builds a special explosion-proof laboratory, has large cost investment, and can rarely realize the loading of hydrogen pressure above 70 MPa. In addition, hydrogen is an explosive hazard source, so that the test hazard is high, and the hydrogen is difficult to popularize in a laboratory; the method for simulating and researching the fatigue performance of the electrolytic hydrogen permeation device in the high-pressure hydrogen environment by utilizing the electrochemical hydrogen charging reaction is simple and convenient, and is simple to operate, but only the hydrogen concentration in the material can be simulated by changing electrochemical technological parameters, so that the diffusion rate and the distribution state of hydrogen atoms under the working condition of ultrahigh hydrogen pressure above 70MPa are difficult to simulate, and the difference exists between the diffusion rate and the distribution state and the actual service state of the hydrogen storage tank. The application solves the problem that the service condition of the existing material in the fatigue performance research is difficult to simulate by the gas permeation hydrogen method or the solution permeation hydrogen method. And, the present application further has the following advantages: expensive high-pressure resistant equipment and an explosion-proof laboratory are not required to be customized, and equipment investment is small; the test is safe and reliable, the operation is simple, the test period is short, and the popularization in a laboratory is facilitated.
The advantageous effects of the present application will be further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
1.1 Experimental system
In example 1, the experimental system for simulating fatigue performance of aluminum alloy materials in high-pressure hydrogen environment was used, which comprises:
the fatigue testing machine mainly comprises a host unit, a loading unit, a clamping system and a control system;
the upper clamp, the lower clamp and the fatigue test sample are matched with the fatigue testing machine, the clamps are plate clamps with the thickness of 1mm, the tensile sample is a tensile test piece with the thickness of 1mm, and the tensile test piece is connected with the two clamps through two round hole bolts.
The high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is matched with the fatigue testing machine; the main function of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is to provide a temperature and humidity change environment, and an air dryer, a heater, a refrigeration evaporator and a blower fan are contained in the test box to ensure the humidity requirement of working room temperature. The box body of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with universal casters and can be pushed between two upright posts of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine. The working chamber of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with a space through which the upper clamp and the lower clamp pass, so that a fatigue test sample can be connected with the upper end and the lower end of the fatigue test machine through the upper clamp and the lower clamp respectively. The temperature range of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is normal temperature-100 ℃, the humidity range is 5-98% RH, the temperature fluctuation degree is less than or equal to +/-0.5 ℃, and the temperature uniformity is +/-2 ℃.
1.2 Test method
The fatigue performance test of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, processing 7075-T6 aluminum alloy materials into a 1 mm-thick tensile test piece 3, wherein the tensile test piece is 116mm long, the parallel ends are 24mm long, a round hole with the diameter of 10mm is respectively arranged between the clamping ends at the two ends, and the distance between the two circle centers is 84mm. Carrying out local polishing and ultrasonic cleaning on the parallel end of the sample until the surface roughness of the sample is below 0.3 mu m;
starting the fatigue testing machine, and pushing the test box between two vertical columns of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine;
opening a front door of the test box, installing matched upper and lower clamps, and properly adjusting the positions of the clamps to install a reserved space for a fatigue test sample;
step four, mounting a first fatigue test sample, ensuring that the stress direction of the sample is consistent with the loading direction of a fatigue tester force value, and closing a front door of the test box;
fifthly, setting the working temperature of a test box to be 25 ℃ and the working humidity to be 40% RH for examining the service condition of the material under the hydrogen pressure of 70MPa, and starting the test box;
step six, after the working room temperature and humidity of the test box are stable, setting the loading frequency f to be 0.2Hz, setting the cyclic load S to be 100MPa, setting the termination condition to be sample fracture, starting a test program, and carrying out pull-oriented loading-unloading-loading repeated cyclic test;
step seven, after the loading test is finished, obtaining the cycle number N of the material when the load under the hydrogen pressure of 70MPa is 100 MPa;
and step eight, repeating the steps four to seven twice, and taking the average value of the three test results to obtain the average fatigue life N of the 7075-T6 alloy under the hydrogen pressure of 70MPa when the load is 100 MPa.
1.3 Test results
The number of cycles N obtained by three repeated experiments on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy materials under a simulated hydrogen pressure of 70MPa and a load of 100MPa is summarized in the following table 1.
By calculation, the average fatigue life N of the results of the three fatigue performance tests is 16.8 ten thousand cycles.
Example 2
2.1 Experimental system
In example 2, the experimental system for simulating fatigue performance of aluminum alloy materials in high-pressure hydrogen environment was used, which comprises:
the fatigue testing machine mainly comprises a host unit, a loading unit, a clamping system and a control system;
the upper clamp, the lower clamp and the fatigue test sample are matched with the fatigue testing machine, the clamps are plate clamps with the thickness of 1mm, the tensile sample is a tensile test piece with the thickness of 1mm, and the tensile test piece is connected with the two clamps through two round hole bolts.
The high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is matched with the fatigue testing machine; the main function of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is to provide a temperature and humidity change environment, and an air dryer, a heater, a refrigeration evaporator and a blower fan are contained in the test box to ensure the humidity requirement of working room temperature. The box body of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with universal casters and can be pushed between two upright posts of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine. The working chamber of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with a space through which the upper clamp and the lower clamp pass, so that a fatigue test sample can be connected with the upper end and the lower end of the fatigue test machine through the upper clamp and the lower clamp respectively. The temperature range of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is normal temperature-100 ℃, the humidity range is 5-98% RH, the temperature fluctuation degree is less than or equal to +/-0.5 ℃, and the temperature uniformity is +/-2 ℃.
2.2 Test method
The fatigue performance test of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, processing 7075-T6 aluminum alloy materials into a 1 mm-thick tensile test piece 3, wherein the tensile test piece is 116mm long, the parallel ends are 24mm long, a round hole with the diameter of 10mm is respectively arranged between the clamping ends at the two ends, and the distance between the two circle centers is 84mm. Carrying out local polishing and ultrasonic cleaning on the parallel end of the sample until the surface roughness of the sample is below 0.3 mu m;
starting the fatigue testing machine, and pushing the test box between two vertical columns of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine;
opening a front door of the test box, installing matched upper and lower clamps, and properly adjusting the positions of the clamps to install a reserved space for a fatigue test sample;
step four, mounting a first fatigue test sample, ensuring that the stress direction of the sample is consistent with the loading direction of a fatigue tester force value, and closing a front door of the test box;
step five, setting the working temperature of a test box to be 25 ℃ and the working humidity to be 97% RH for examining the service condition of the material under the hydrogen pressure of 170MPa, and starting the test box;
step six, after the working room temperature and humidity of the test box are stable, setting the loading frequency f to be 0.2Hz, setting the cyclic load S to be 100MPa, setting the termination condition to be sample fracture, starting a test program, and carrying out pull-oriented loading-unloading-loading repeated cyclic test;
step seven, after the loading test is finished, obtaining the cycle number N of the material when the hydrogen pressure load of 170MPa is 100 MPa;
and step eight, repeating the steps four to seven for six times, and taking the average value of seven times of test results to obtain the average fatigue life of the 7075-T6 alloy under the hydrogen pressure of 170MPa when the load is 100 MPa.
2.3 Test results
The number of cycles obtained by seven repeated experiments on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy materials under a simulated hydrogen pressure of 170MPa and a load of 100MPa is summarized in the following Table 2.
The average fatigue life N of the seven fatigue performance test results is 8.93 ten thousand cycles by calculation.
Example 3
3.1 Experimental system
In example 3, the experimental system for simulating fatigue performance of aluminum alloy materials in high-pressure hydrogen environment was used, which comprises:
the fatigue testing machine mainly comprises a host unit, a loading unit, a clamping system and a control system;
the upper clamp, the lower clamp and the fatigue test sample are matched with the fatigue testing machine, the clamps are bar clamps with the diameter of 10mm, the tensile sample is a tensile test bar with the diameter of 10mm, and the test bar is connected with the clamps at two ends through threads at two ends.
The high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is matched with the fatigue testing machine; the main function of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is to provide a temperature and humidity change environment, and an air dryer, a heater, a refrigeration evaporator and a blower fan are contained in the test box to ensure the humidity requirement of working room temperature. The box body of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with universal casters and can be pushed between two upright posts of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine. The working chamber of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is provided with a space through which the upper clamp and the lower clamp pass, so that a fatigue test sample can be connected with the upper end and the lower end of the fatigue test machine through the upper clamp and the lower clamp respectively. The temperature range of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box is normal temperature-100 ℃, the humidity range is 5-98% RH, the temperature fluctuation degree is less than or equal to +/-0.5 ℃, and the temperature uniformity is +/-2 ℃.
3.2 Test method
The fatigue performance test of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, processing 7075-T6 aluminum alloy materials into 3 tensile test bars with the diameter of 10mm, wherein the length of each tensile test bar is 115mm, the diameter of each clamping end is 10mm, the length of each parallel end is 15mm, and the diameter of each parallel end is 5mm. Carrying out local polishing and ultrasonic cleaning on the parallel end of the sample until the surface roughness of the sample is below 0.25 mu m;
starting the fatigue testing machine, and pushing the test box between two vertical columns of the main machine of the fatigue testing machine;
opening a front door of the test box, installing matched upper and lower clamps, and properly adjusting the positions of the clamps to install a reserved space for a fatigue test sample;
step four, mounting a first fatigue test sample, ensuring that the stress direction of the sample is consistent with the loading direction of a fatigue tester force value, and closing a front door of the test box;
step five, setting the working temperature of a test box to be 25 ℃ and the working humidity to be 60% RH for examining the service condition of the material under 105MPa hydrogen pressure, and starting the test box;
step six, setting the loading frequency to be 0.2Hz after the working room temperature and humidity of the test box are stable, setting the cyclic load to be 200MPa, setting the termination condition to be sample fracture, starting a test program, and carrying out pull-oriented loading-unloading-loading repeated cyclic test;
step seven, after the loading test is finished, obtaining the cycle times N of the sample when the hydrogen pressure is 105MPa and the load is 200MPa;
and step eight, carrying out parallel tests on other 2 fatigue test samples, repeating the steps two to seven, and calculating to obtain the average fatigue life of the 7075-T6 material under the conditions that the hydrogen pressure is 105MPa and the load is 200MPa.
3.3 Test results
The number of cycles obtained by three repeated experiments on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy materials under a simulated hydrogen pressure of 105MPa and a load of 200MPa is summarized in the following Table 3.
By calculation, the average fatigue life N of the results of the three fatigue performance tests is 11.1 ten thousand cycles.
Example 4
Another aluminum alloy material, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, was tested for 70MPa simulated hydrogen pressure fatigue performance using the same experimental system and test method as in example 1.
The number of cycles obtained by three repeated experiments on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material under a simulated hydrogen pressure of 70MPa and a load of 100MPa is summarized in Table 4 below.
By calculation, the average fatigue life N of the results of the three fatigue performance tests is 37.1 ten thousand cycles.
Example 5
Another aluminum alloy material, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, was tested for 170MPa simulated hydrogen pressure fatigue performance using the same experimental system and test method as example 2.
The number of cycles obtained by seven repeated experiments on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy materials under a simulated hydrogen pressure of 170MPa and a load of 100MPa is summarized in Table 5 below.
The average fatigue life N of the seven fatigue performance test results is 31.8 ten thousand cycles by calculation.
Example 6
Another aluminum alloy material, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, was tested for 105MPa simulated hydrogen pressure fatigue performance using the same experimental system and test method as in example 3.
The number of cycles obtained by three repeated experiments on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material under a simulated hydrogen pressure of 105MPa and a load of 200MPa is summarized in Table 6 below.
By calculation, the average fatigue life N of the results of the three fatigue performance tests is 26.52 ten thousand cycles.
Example 7
The same experimental system and test method as in example 3 were used, except that:
(1) Testing fatigue performance of another aluminum alloy material, namely 6061-T6 aluminum alloy;
(2) The working humidity was set at 66% RH to obtain a simulated hydrogen pressure of 115 MPa;
(3) The cyclic load was set to 190 MPa.
The number of cycles obtained by three repeated experiments on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material under a simulated hydrogen pressure of 115 MPa and a load of 190MPa is summarized in Table 7 below.
By calculation, the average fatigue life N of the results of the three fatigue performance tests is 29.28 ten thousand cycles.
Comparing the test results of the simulated hydrogen pressure fatigue performance of the embodiments 1-7 with the fatigue life of the 7075-T6 and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy materials disclosed, and confirming the consistency of the fatigue life. For example, the prior literature discloses 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material with a fatigue life of 10 under 190MPa cyclic load and 115 MPa hydrogen pressure environment 5 The results obtained in example 7 above under simulated hydrogen pressure are consistent with this cycle of the order of magnitude.
According to the embodiments 1-7, the method provided by the application can be used for testing the fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in a simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment with the pressure of more than 70MPa, and has the obvious advantages of small equipment investment, safe and reliable test, simple operation, short test period and the like.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of testing fatigue performance of an aluminum alloy material in a simulated high pressure hydrogen environment, the method comprising:
s1: carrying out pulling-direction loading-unloading-loading repeated cycle test on the aluminum alloy material at a loading frequency f and a loading S under the temperature T and the humidity phi until the aluminum alloy material is broken, wherein the temperature T is 20-35 ℃, the humidity phi is 40-97% RH, the loading frequency f is 0.05-0.2 Hz, and the loading S is 100-200 MPa;
s2: obtaining fatigue performance of the aluminum alloy material in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment, wherein the fatigue performance is expressed as the number of cycles of fracture of the aluminum alloy material under the load S in the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P of the simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment H2 70-170 MPa.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature T is 25 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the humidity Φ is 40% -66% rh.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the humidity Φ is 40%, 60%, 66% or 97% RH.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity Φ is 40% rh, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulating a high pressure hydrogen environment H2 70 MPa.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity Φ is 60% rh, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulating a high pressure hydrogen environment H2 105 MPa.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity Φ2 is 66% rh, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulating a high pressure hydrogen environment H2 115 MPa.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature T is 25 ℃, the humidity Φ2 is 97% rh, and the simulated hydrogen pressure P simulates a high pressure hydrogen environment H2 170 MPa.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the loading frequency f is 0.2Hz and the load S is 100MPa, 190MPa or 200MPa.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that before step S1, the method further comprises the steps of: polishing and ultrasonic cleaning are carried out on the aluminum alloy material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311373835.7A CN117110106B (en) | 2023-10-23 | 2023-10-23 | Method for testing fatigue performance of aluminum alloy material in simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311373835.7A CN117110106B (en) | 2023-10-23 | 2023-10-23 | Method for testing fatigue performance of aluminum alloy material in simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117110106A true CN117110106A (en) | 2023-11-24 |
| CN117110106B CN117110106B (en) | 2023-12-19 |
Family
ID=88813213
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311373835.7A Active CN117110106B (en) | 2023-10-23 | 2023-10-23 | Method for testing fatigue performance of aluminum alloy material in simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117110106B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000039561A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-07-05 | 김충섭 | Method of preparing active alumina moldings |
| US20130333481A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2013-12-19 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Method of determining fatigue crack lifetime in high-pressure hydrogen environment |
| CN110724857A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-01-24 | 河南科技大学 | Aluminum-rich alloy for fracturing ball, preparation method of aluminum-rich alloy and control method of hydrogen production rate of aluminum-rich alloy for fracturing ball |
| CN112540014A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-23 | 安科工程技术研究院（北京）有限公司 | Fatigue test device and method under high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere |
| CN113466427A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental system for testing hydrogen brittleness resistance and service life of material in high-pressure hydrogen environment |
| CN116735464A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-09-12 | 南京工业大学 | Dynamic hydrogen charging hydrogen induced fatigue test device and method |
-
2023
- 2023-10-23 CN CN202311373835.7A patent/CN117110106B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20000039561A (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-07-05 | 김충섭 | Method of preparing active alumina moldings |
| US20130333481A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2013-12-19 | The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. | Method of determining fatigue crack lifetime in high-pressure hydrogen environment |
| CN110724857A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-01-24 | 河南科技大学 | Aluminum-rich alloy for fracturing ball, preparation method of aluminum-rich alloy and control method of hydrogen production rate of aluminum-rich alloy for fracturing ball |
| CN112540014A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-23 | 安科工程技术研究院（北京）有限公司 | Fatigue test device and method under high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere |
| CN113466427A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Experimental system for testing hydrogen brittleness resistance and service life of material in high-pressure hydrogen environment |
| CN116735464A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-09-12 | 南京工业大学 | Dynamic hydrogen charging hydrogen induced fatigue test device and method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| K.K. YOGESHA 等: "Fatigue Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained 5052 Al Alloy Processed Through Different Rolling Methods", 《JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE》, pages 2826 - 2836 * |
| 杨晓 等: "高强铝合金氢致开裂研究进展", 《理化检验-物理分册》, vol. 56, no. 8, pages 23 - 26 * |
| 滕越: "电解渗氢与低周疲劳对6061-T6Al合金力学性能的影响", 《中国有色金属学报》, vol. 32, no. 121, pages 3599 - 3608 * |
| 程笑 等: "金属的氢脆机理及测试方法", 《轻合金加工技术》, vol. 51, no. 8, pages 46 - 52 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN117110106B (en) | 2023-12-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2012083115A (en) | Stress corrosion cracking test method | |
| JP5912004B2 (en) | Gas container manufacturing method | |
| CN117110106B (en) | Method for testing fatigue performance of aluminum alloy material in simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment | |
| CN104458400A (en) | High-temperature and high-pressure water vapor environment structural material testing device | |
| CN111198141A (en) | Mesomechanics-based polymer-based composite material fatigue life prediction method | |
| CN107966362B (en) | Dynamic hydrogen-charging tensile stress corrosion test device for metal plate-shaped sample | |
| CN106553775A (en) | Environmental simulation test case and its environmental simulation method | |
| Yoon et al. | Acceleration of chemical degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membrane by mechanical stress: experimental evidence | |
| CN107907405B (en) | Structure sealant accelerated aging device and structure sealant accelerated aging method | |
| Bhattacharya et al. | Isolated chemical degradation induced decay of mechanical membrane properties in fuel cells | |
| Czabaj et al. | Delamination of moisture saturated graphite/polyimide composites due to rapid heating | |
| CN117110053B (en) | Method for testing hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of aluminum alloy material in simulated high-pressure hydrogen environment | |
| CN108181345B (en) | Device and method for testing condensate water formation | |
| CN107576611B (en) | Superheater reheater oxide skin method and device for testing peeling degree | |
| CN110187066B (en) | Water-oxygen particle analysis and detection system and detection method thereof | |
| CN112051135A (en) | High-temperature high-pressure gas hydrogen charging test device and test method | |
| CN105538444B (en) | One kind contains CaCO3/Mg(OH)2High-strength anti-flaming composite wood and preparation method thereof | |
| CN203432928U (en) | Rapid testing device for fire endurance of fireproof coating of steel structure | |
| CN112255260A (en) | Test device for testing thermal stability of substance under constant pressure state | |
| CN114166651A (en) | In-service pressure-bearing equipment micro-sample high-temperature water stress corrosion test device and method | |
| CN110187067B (en) | Water-oxygen particle automatic analysis system and analysis method thereof | |
| Kai et al. | Crack formation on membrane electrode assembly (Mea) under static and cyclic loadings | |
| Nogami et al. | Fatigue life assessment based on crack growth behavior in reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel | |
| CN104464850A (en) | Composite aging simulation method of heat engine | |
| CN111766163A (en) | High-temperature fatigue test device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |