CN117109752A - Medium-length wave infrared sea surface emissivity measuring method based on measured data - Google Patents
Medium-length wave infrared sea surface emissivity measuring method based on measured data Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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- G01J5/802—Calibration by correcting for emissivity
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0037—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the heat emitted by liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/48—Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measurement method of medium-long wave infrared sea surface emissivity based on measured data, when no sunlight is affected at night, the total sea surface radiation value is respectively collected by using calibrated medium-long wave infrared thermal images at the same time, sky incident radiation values of all azimuth angles are collected by a calibrated spectrometer, sea surface temperature is collected by a thermometer, and wind speed is collected by an anemometer; when obtaining measured data at different moments, obtaining a sky total incident radiation value by integrating sky incident radiation values under all azimuth angles; and correcting the sea surface thermal skin layer temperature through a sea surface skin effect correction model to obtain the real sea surface temperature. And after preprocessing the measured data, simultaneously setting sea surface radiation transmission equations at different moments, calculating measurement errors, and calculating the large-angle sea surface spectral emissivity. The invention can realize accurate measurement of sea surface emissivity under wide-angle observation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of infrared measurement, and relates to a method for calculating sea surface emissivity under wide-angle observation.
Background
As an important background form, marine surfaces often play a decisive role for military applications in marine environments. Meanwhile, the radiation characteristic of the sea surface background has important significance for infrared simulation, infrared detection and marine target identification. Due to the complexity of sea surface self-radiation, scattering and reflection, the theoretical model of sea surface infrared radiation is different from the radiation characteristics of the real sea surface. The accuracy of the sea surface infrared radiation model based on pure theory calculation cannot be guaranteed, and meanwhile, due to the large calculation amount, real-time infrared scene simulation application cannot be met. The sea surface infrared radiation model based on the measured data can highly restore the real situation, and the accuracy is high. The spectral emissivity of the sea surface is used as a basic parameter of the sea surface infrared radiation model, and the accuracy of establishing the sea surface infrared radiation transmission model is affected to a certain extent.
Currently, there are three general models for sea surface emissivity calculation. The first gray body model is to make the sea surface equivalent to gray body, and neglect the anisotropy of the sea surface emissivity shown at different angles; the second empirical model only considers that the sea surface emissivity is related to the transmitting direction, and ignores the influence of the environmental condition change on the sea surface emissivity; the third theoretical model comprehensively considers factors such as wavelength, wind speed, direction, sea water refractive index and the like, but the mathematical form of the model is complex, high-precision real-time calculation is difficult to realize, and meanwhile, the sea surface emissivity calculation under large-angle observation does not consider the shielding factor of sea waves.
In the sea surface infrared radiation modeling technology, sea surface emissivity is influenced by a shielding factor under large-angle observation, so that the problem that the accuracy of a calculation result of a sea surface emissivity calculation model is low is a technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problem that in the sea surface infrared radiation modeling technology, sea surface emissivity is influenced by a shielding factor under large-angle observation, so that the accuracy of a calculation result of a sea surface emissivity calculation model is low, a medium-long wave sea surface emissivity measurement method based on measured data at different moments is provided, and a sea surface infrared radiation characteristic model which accords with real illumination conditions is built.
(II) technical scheme
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: sea surface emissivity is an important factor affecting the accuracy of the sea surface infrared radiation model, and is related to environmental conditions such as wavelength, wind speed, observation angle and the like. At present, the accuracy of calculating the sea surface spectral emissivity based on a theoretical model and an empirical model is low, and the method has certain limitation: the influence of the wave shielding effect on the sea surface emissivity under large-angle observation cannot be reflected. In order to avoid the influence of solar incident radiation on a measurement result, a sea surface radiation transmission model for radiating real environment illumination is established based on night measured data, the incident radiation in the radiation model is measured on the basis, the high-accuracy sea surface spectral emissivity is obtained through calculation, and the shielding effect introduced by large-angle observation can be eliminated to a certain extent.
Based on the principle, the method comprises the following steps:
the first step: prepared prior to the experiment.
The experimental equipment is prepared, and comprises a medium-and-long-wave thermal infrared imager, a spectrometer, a thermometer, a range finder and a foam buoy. And (5) completing the calibration of the medium-wavelength infrared thermal imager and the calibration of the spectrometer in a laboratory.
And a second step of: and establishing an infrared radiation characteristic model at night.
Night sea surface total radiation brightness L sea With sea surface self-radiation brightness L (T) sea ) Incident sky-reflected radiation intensity L sky,refl On the observation pathAtmospheric radiance L of (2) a Transmittance τ and shading factor S h The correlation, the relation is:
L sea ＝τ·S h ·(L self (T sea )+L sky,refl )+L a
the infrared thermal image actually measures that the sea surface infrared radiation already contains path attenuation and shielding effects, and the total radiation transmission model of the sea surface can be further simplified into:
L sea,m ＝L self (T sea )+L sky,refl +L a
and a third step of: and (5) data acquisition.
The temperature T 'of the seawater is obtained by measuring by a thermometer and a spectrometer' sea Different incident anglesLower sky incident radiation brightness->Measuring total radiation brightness L of sea surface at night by using medium-long wave thermal infrared imager sea Obtaining L sea Actual measurement values. Wherein θ s 、/>The incident zenith angle and the incident azimuth angle of the sky are respectively, and the incident of the sky is the integral of the incident direction at different angles in a 2 pi space.
Fourth step: sea surface temperature data processing.
For the measured sea water temperature T' sea Correcting to obtain the real sea surface hot skin temperature T sea ＝T’ sea +DeltaT, wind speed U<5m/s, take-0.3>ΔT>-0.5. The self-radiance of the sea surface is a function L of the blackbody radiation of the sea surface emissivity epsilon and the equivalent sea surface temperature bb (T sea ) L (T) sea )＝ε·L bb (T sea )。
The planck formula is used:
calculating to obtain a function expression containing unknown sea surface spectral emissivity epsilon, wherein lambda is wavelength (um) and T sea Is the sea surface hot skin temperature, and k is the Boltzmann constant 1.380662 multiplied by 10 -23 J·K -2 、c 1 For a first radiation constant 3.741832 ×10 - 16 W·m 2 、c 2 For a second radiation constant 1.438786 ×10 -2 m·K。
Fifth step: and (5) processing sky incident radiation brightness data.
The total sky incident radiation is obtained by an integration process, namely:
the incident sky radiation reflected by the sea surface is the incident sky radiation brightness L sky And the sea surface emissivity rho, namely obtaining a sea surface radiation sky radiation expression
Sixth step: and calculating the spectral emissivity of the sea surface.
The method comprises the steps of establishing an infrared radiation model of the sea surface at a certain moment, considering the influence of atmospheric transmittance and sea surface shielding factors among sea surface distance infrared thermal imagers on total sea surface radiation, wherein the total sea surface radiation brightness obtained by the infrared thermal imagers in actual measurement is a result after the comprehensive effect of transmittance attenuation and the shielding factors, and the total sea surface radiation model in the step one can be abbreviated. And establishing at least three sea surface infrared radiation equations at different moments by using the sea surface total radiation brightness measured at different moments, the sky total incident radiation brightness processed by the data in the last step and the sea surface temperature value, so as to solve the sea surface spectral emissivity.
Seventh step: and (5) indirect measurement error processing.
And D, calculating standard deviations of the plurality of sea surface spectrum emissivity values obtained in the step six, simultaneously calculating systematic errors and random measurement errors in the measuring and data processing processes of the step three, the step four and the step five, and synthesizing the transmission of the measurement errors.
Eighth step: and verifying the sea surface spectral emissivity calculation result.
And (3) bringing the calculated sea surface spectral emissivity result into a sea surface radiation transmission equation at any time in the second step, comparing the calculated sea surface total radiation result with the actually measured sea surface total radiation result, and verifying the calculation result.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: aiming at the problem that the shielding factor is not fully considered when the sea surface emissivity is calculated under the traditional large-angle observation, a method for establishing sea surface radiation transmission equations at different moments based on measured data at night is provided to solve the sea surface spectrum emissivity, the problem that the accuracy is low due to the fact that the sea surface emissivity is influenced by the shielding factor under the large-angle observation is solved by the existing calculation model, the considered factors are more comprehensive, and the result is more reliable is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of calculation of mid-wavelength infrared sea level emissivity based on measured data in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly of a test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-medium wave thermal imager, 2-long wave thermal imager, 3-spectrometer, 4-thermometer, 5-anemometer.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of sea surface radiation according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of sky incident radiation transmission.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for measuring the mid-wavelength infrared sea level emissivity based on the measured data mainly comprises the steps of preparation before experiment, data acquisition and calculation at different moments, namely: the method comprises the steps of calculating total sea surface radiation received by the surface of a thermal infrared imager detector, establishing a sea surface self radiation expression, establishing a sea surface reflection radiation expression, establishing a sea surface radiation transmission equation, calculating sea surface emissivity parameters, analyzing and verifying a model.
The preparation before the experiment mainly comprises preparing experimental equipment, wherein the experimental equipment comprises a medium-wave infrared thermal imager, a long-wave infrared thermal imager, a thermometer, a spectrometer, an anemometer and a foam buoy, the medium-wave infrared thermal imager, the long-wave infrared thermal imager and the spectrometer are arranged side by side, the thermometer is connected with the foam buoy and used for sea surface temperature measurement, the anemometer is arranged at an open and non-shielding position, and an instrument device is fixed according to the mode of fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the total infrared radiation of the sea surface received by the focal plane of the infrared thermal imager detector is self radiation of the sea surface, incident radiation of sky reflected by the sea surface and large-gas path radiation between the sea surface and the detector in the direction of the observation path.
The total radiation brightness expression of the sea surface received by the thermal infrared imager in the observation direction is as follows:
L sea ＝τ·S h ·(L self (T sea )+L sky,refl )+L a
the sea surface total infrared radiation actually measured by the thermal infrared imager already comprises the atmospheric transmittance and the sea wave shielding factor on the observation path, namely the sea surface total radiation expression actually measured by the thermal infrared imager can be simplified into:
L sea,m ＝L self (T sea )+L sky,refl +L a
the sea surface radiation data are collected at intervals of one hour, namely the sea water temperature, the total infrared radiation value of long waves in the sea surface and the sky incident radiation value under different incident angles.
Sea water temperature data measurement: the thermometer is fixed under the buoy by 5cm, 10 groups of temperature data are collected each time, the average value is taken as the sea water temperature data under the current moment, meanwhile, according to the current wind speed, the sea surface hot skin temperature is calculated, namely the real sea surface temperature, and the sea surface self-emission radiation expression under the current moment is obtained:
sky incident radiation data measurement: as shown in fig. 4, sky background radiation is considered as an outwardly-emitting hemispherical space, i.e., sky radiation radiates energy outwardly approximately from a very large number of tiny bins. Measuring sky incident radiation at intervals of 10 degrees, and integrating the whole hemispherical space to obtain a total sky incident radiation value:
obtaining a sea surface reflection sky radiation expression at the current moment:
L sky,refl,t ＝ρ·L sky,t
sea surface total radiation data measurement: as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the mid-wave and long-wave thermal infrared imagers are used for collecting sea surface total infrared radiation images, and the total radiation received by the detector, namely the sea surface total radiation L at the current moment, is calculated sea,m,t 。
In the sea surface total radiation expression actually measured by the thermal infrared imager, sky incident radiation, sea surface temperature and sea surface total radiation values, namely sea surface emissivity, reflectivity and large air path radiation are unknown, are obtained through measurement of an experimental instrument. At least establishing sea surface radiation transmission equations at three moments to calculate sea surface emissivity, namely:
the calculation result of the sea surface infrared spectrum emissivity is mainly verified according to sea surface infrared radiation transmission equations under the rest moments, namely the calculated sea surface spectrum emissivity value is brought into the sea surface radiation transmission equations under any moment, and the calculated sea surface total radiation value is compared with the actually measured sea surface total radiation value for verification.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for measuring the medium-long wave infrared sea surface emissivity based on the measured data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
first step, preparation before experiment
Preparing experimental equipment, including a medium-wave thermal infrared imager, a long-wave thermal infrared imager, a spectrometer, a thermometer, an anemometer and a buoy, and finishing the calibration work of the medium-wave thermal infrared imager and the long-wave thermal infrared imager in a laboratory;
and a second step of: night sea surface infrared radiation characteristic model establishment
The night sea surface infrared total radiation comprises self radiation of the sea surface on an observation path, sky radiation reflected by the sea surface and atmospheric path heat radiation;
and a third step of: data acquisition
The temperature T 'of the seawater is obtained by measuring by a thermometer and a spectrometer' sea Under different incident anglesSky incident radiation->The total radiation brightness of the sea surface is measured by adopting a medium-long wave thermal infrared imager to obtain L sea An actual measurement value;
fourth step: sea surface temperature data processing
Correcting the measured sea water temperature to obtain the real sea surface hot skin temperature T sea ＝T’ sea +ΔT；
Fifth step: sky incident radiation brightness data processing
Acquiring sky incident radiance under different incident angles acquired in the step three, and acquiring total sky incident radiation after hemispherical space integration;
sixth step: sea surface spectral emissivity calculation
According to the sea surface infrared radiation model established in the first step at a certain moment, the actually measured sea surface total radiation value, the sea surface temperature value and the incident sky radiation value obtained in the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step, a sea surface radiation transmission equation at different moments is established, and the sea surface spectral emissivity is solved.
2. The method for measuring the medium-wavelength infrared sea surface emissivity based on measured data according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the medium-wavelength infrared thermal imager and the long-wavelength infrared thermal imager are arranged side by side with the spectrometer, and the angles of the sea surfaces observed by the medium-wavelength infrared thermal imager and the long-wavelength infrared thermal imager are consistent; the thermometer is connected with the foam buoy and used for measuring sea surface temperature, and the anemometer is arranged at an open and non-shielding position; the middle-wave and long-wave infrared thermal imagers are used for acquiring the middle-wave and long-wave spectral radiance distribution data of the sea surface, the spectrometers are used for measuring sky incident radiance of the upper hemispherical space descending, the thermometers are used for measuring sea water temperature, the anemometers are used for measuring wind speed and direction, and the buoys are used for fixing the thermometers.
3. The method for measuring the medium-long wave infrared sea surface emissivity based on measured data according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the night sea surface infrared radiation characteristic model is established under the measured condition, and the establishing process is as follows: the thermal infrared imager receives the total radiation brightness L of the sea surface in the observation direction sea Denoted as sea surface self-radiation L (T sea ) Incident sky radiation L reflected by sea surface sky,refl And the sum L of the large gas path radiation between the sea surface and the detector in the direction of the observation path a At the same time, due to the atmospheric attenuation effect tau and the sea wave shielding effect S existing on the observation path h The method comprises the following steps:
L sea ＝τ·S h ·(L self (T sea )+L sky,refl )+L a
the infrared radiation of the sea surface acquired on the observation path by adopting the infrared thermal image already contains path attenuation and shielding effects; in the actual collection process, the total radiation transmission model of the sea surface is further simplified into:
L sea,m ＝L self (T sea )+L sky,refl +L a 。
4. the method for measuring the emissivity of the middle-long wave infrared sea surface based on measured data as set forth in claim 3, wherein in the third step, the temperature T of the sea surface sea Measuring the temperature T 'of seawater at a depth of 5cm from the surface of seawater' sea 。
5. The method for measuring the emissivity of the middle-long wave infrared sea surface based on measured data according to claim 4, wherein in the fourth step, the correction of the sea surface temperature measurement result is performed by utilizing the hot skin effect of the sea surface at a low wind speed, namely:
T sea ＝T’ sea +DeltaT (wind speed U < 5m/s, -0.3 > DeltaT > -0.5).
6. The method for measuring the medium-long wave infrared sea surface emissivity based on measured data according to claim 5, wherein in the sixth step, the total radiation transmission model of the sea surface contains 6 unknown parameters, which are respectively: the infrared thermal imager detector focal plane receives sea surface total radiation brightness, sea surface emissivity, sea surface temperature, sea surface reflectivity, sky incident radiation brightness and atmospheric path thermal radiation between the detector and the sea surface on an observation path; the total sea surface radiation, sea surface temperature and sky incident radiation received by the focal plane of the infrared thermal imager detector are measured by experimental equipment; at least 3 sea surface infrared radiation transmission equations under different moments are established, and the self-emissivity, the reflectivity and the atmospheric path heat radiation of the sea surface are analyzed.
7. The method for measuring the mid-long wave infrared sea emissivity based on measured data according to claim 6, wherein in the sixth step, the sea surface radiation transmission equation is established as follows:
wherein L is sea,t1 ，L sea,t2 ，…L sea,tn Representing t 1 ，t 2 ，…t n Actually measuring the total radiation brightness of the sea surface at different moments; t (T) sea,t1 ，T sea,t2 ，…T sea,tn Representing t 1 ，t 2 ，…t n Sea surface measured absolute temperature at different moments; l (L) sky,t1 ，L sky,t2 ，…L sky,tn Representing t 1 ，t 2 ，…t n Actually measuring the total radiation of the sea surface at different moments; and at least measuring parameters in the sea surface infrared radiation transmission equation at three different moments through experiments, so that the sea surface spectral emissivity can be analyzed.
8. The method for measuring the medium-and-long-wave infrared sea level emissivity based on measured data according to claim 7, further comprising:
seventh step, indirect measurement error processing
And D, calculating standard deviations of the plurality of sea surface spectrum emissivity values obtained in the step six, simultaneously calculating systematic errors and random measurement errors in the measuring and data processing processes of the step three, the step four and the step five, and synthesizing the transmission of the measurement errors.
9. The method for measuring the medium-long wave infrared sea level emissivity based on measured data according to claim 8, further comprising:
eighth step: sea surface spectral emissivity calculation result verification
And (3) taking the calculated sea surface spectral emissivity result into a sea surface radiation transmission equation at any moment, comparing the calculated sea surface total radiation result with the actually measured sea surface total radiation result, and verifying the calculation result.
10. Use of the method for measuring the mid-long wave infrared sea level emissivity based on measured data according to any one of claims 1-9 in the technical field of infrared measurement.
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