CN117108723A - Compact type large-transmission-ratio planetary gear reducer - Google Patents
Compact type large-transmission-ratio planetary gear reducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN117108723A CN117108723A CN202311050389.6A CN202311050389A CN117108723A CN 117108723 A CN117108723 A CN 117108723A CN 202311050389 A CN202311050389 A CN 202311050389A CN 117108723 A CN117108723 A CN 117108723A
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H57/082—Planet carriers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of wind power generation driving, in particular to a compact type planetary gear reducer with a large transmission ratio. The speed reducing mechanism comprises a speed reducer shell and an Nth-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism which is sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the speed reducer shell; each stage of star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a star wheel frame, a sun wheel and a star wheel shaft; the output mechanism comprises an output shaft, a final-stage star wheel frame is fixed at one end of the output shaft, the final-stage star wheel frame and the output shaft are integrally arranged, an output gear is arranged on the output shaft, and the output gear and the output shaft are in interference rigid connection through a tooth-shaped spline and a cone; the 1 st-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a final-stage star wheel frame and a final-stage star wheel group, a speed reducing shell is sleeved on the final-stage star wheel frame, a final-stage gear ring is arranged on the speed reducing shell, and a final-stage star wheel shaft is arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame; a final sun gear is arranged on the final star wheel; simple structure and reasonable design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind power generation driving, in particular to a compact type planetary gear reducer with a large transmission ratio.
Background
Planetary gear reducers are widely used because of their high transmission accuracy and transmission efficiency. However, due to the small single-stage transmission ratio, multistage serial connection is needed when a large-transmission-ratio speed reducer is manufactured, and due to the fact that a planet carrier with two ends fixed with planet shafts is generally adopted at present, too large axial space is unnecessarily occupied, the axial length of the existing multistage planetary speed reducer is too long, the material utilization rate is low, the manufacturing cost is high, and the transmission rigidity and the transmission precision are obviously reduced. In addition, because the axial direction is too long to be installed in a plurality of fields or occasions, the wide application of the speed reducer is limited,
therefore, an attempt is made to improve the above technical solution, which is a yaw planetary gear motor applied to a wind driven generator provided by application number 202210307388.4, but the technical solution still has the following disadvantages,
1. although the star wheel frames are changed into star wheel shafts with single-head fixed, each stage of star wheel frames are still fixed on the shell through steel ball bearings, and occupy larger axial positions, so that the space is not completely optimized, and the manufacturing difficulty is increased;
2. 2 rows of steel balls and more are adopted between each stage of planetary gears and planetary shafts for installation and fixation, so that the axial occupation of each stage of front stages except the final stage is enlarged, and the manufacturing cost is increased;
3. The method for installing and fixing the sun gear and the star wheel frame is too complex, and the manufacturing difficulty is increased;
4. the planetary transmission of each stage shares a gear ring and adopts the same module gear, thus when the design of the speed reducer is directly affected, parameters such as the number of star wheels of each stage, the transmission ratio, the output torque and the like can not be flexibly selected and adjusted, even ideal design can not be completed,
5. the planetary gear and the planetary shaft are fixed by adopting 2 or more rows of steel balls, and each row is arranged in a staggered way and axially overlapped to a certain extent, so that on one hand, the axial length of the first few stages is increased, and the first few stages of star wheel bearing steel balls of the speed reducer with higher rotating speed are caused to collide and rub each other in the rotating process, so that the speed reducer is quickly failed;
6. the technical measures which are different and more specific are adopted for different mission tasks born by the planetary gear transmission of each stage in the whole speed reducer, so that the scheme has a plurality of uncertainties, the volume can be reduced to a certain extent, the material consumption can be reduced, but the performance indexes of the whole speed reducer can not be guaranteed to meet the requirements, and the scheme can not be implemented;
7. the fixed installation method of the output gear is complicated, has too many parts, breaks the seal of the speed reducer, has the risk of failure when the flat key is used for transmitting large torque,
In recent years, as the single-machine capacity of wind driven generators is increased, compact modular requirements are put on yaw and pitch reducers. There is an urgent need for a high performance decelerator that is smaller, more powerful, and less costly, to replace existing decelerators. To this end, the present invention provides a compact high ratio planetary gear reducer.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a compact large-ratio planetary gear reducer.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the compact planetary gear reducer with the large transmission ratio comprises a motor, a reducing mechanism and an output mechanism, wherein the reducing mechanism comprises a reducer shell and an Nth-stage star wheel reducing mechanism which is axially and sequentially arranged along the reducer shell; each stage of star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a star wheel frame, a sun wheel and a star wheel shaft; the method is characterized in that: the output mechanism comprises an output shaft, a final-stage star wheel frame is fixed at one end of the output shaft, the final-stage star wheel frame and the output shaft are integrally arranged, an output gear is arranged on the output shaft, and the output gear and the output shaft are in interference rigid connection through a tooth-shaped spline and a cone;
The tooth-shaped spline and cone two-section structure, tooth-shaped spline occupy 1/4 to 1/2 of effective assembly length, and at the end of output shaft, the tapering of cone is 0.5 to 10, and the minor diameter end of cone is close to tooth-shaped spline, and the minor diameter value of cone is greater than output gear internal spline root circle diameter 0.5mm to 3mm.
The 1 st-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a final-stage star wheel frame and a final-stage star wheel group, a speed reducing shell is sleeved on the final-stage star wheel frame, a final-stage gear ring is arranged on the speed reducing shell, and a final-stage star wheel shaft is arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame; the final star wheel group comprises a final star wheel, steel balls and a final star wheel shaft, and the final star wheel group is uniformly distributed in 4 to 6 circumferences;
2 to 4 outer bearing track grooves are formed in the outer circle of the final-stage star wheel frame, and the final-stage star wheel frame is fixedly connected with a speed reducer shell with inner bearing track grooves which have the same number of columns and are matched with the steel balls in the number of columns through steel balls in the corresponding number of columns;
the outer bearing track groove of the final-stage star wheel carrier and the inner bearing track groove of the speed reducer shell are arranged in a standard form of 4-point contact, contact angles of the outer bearing track groove and the steel balls are all arranged between 20 degrees and 45 degrees defined by standard bearings, assembly is completed in a traditional reserved hole filling mode, and interference of 2-5 microns is reserved between the steel balls and the two bearing track grooves during assembly;
The final star wheel is respectively engaged with the final sun wheel and the final gear ring in a star shape;
a step hole is formed in the final-stage star wheel frame, a counter bore is formed in one side, close to the final-stage star wheel frame, of the output shaft, a mounting and positioning hole of a final-stage star wheel shaft is formed in the other side of the final-stage star wheel frame, and the depth of the mounting and positioning hole is 1mm to 2mm greater than the assembly length of the final-stage star wheel shaft;
the final-stage star wheel shaft is arranged into a step cylinder with 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves, and the length of the small-diameter section accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total length of the star wheel shaft; the device is an optical axis, the center of the device is provided with an internal thread, the device is assembled with a star wheel shaft hole on a final stage star wheel frame according to an excessive matching relationship, and then the device is tensioned and rigidly mounted by a cylindrical countersunk head bolt;
the other section of the outer circle of the final star wheel shaft is provided with 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves, the length=the length of the final star wheel is added with a side gap, the final star wheel with the corresponding number of steel balls and the corresponding number of steel balls matched with the bearing inner grooves is fixedly arranged, a side gap is reserved between the end face of the final star wheel and the corresponding end face of the final star wheel frame, and the other end face of the final star wheel is flush with the same-direction end face of the final star wheel shaft;
the bearing inner groove on the final second-stage star wheel can be set to be in conventional single-point contact, and the depth of the bearing inner groove is smaller than 1.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove and larger than 0.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove; the bearing outer groove on the final-stage star wheel shaft can also be set to be in single-point contact or 2-point contact, and when the bearing outer groove is set to be in 2-point contact, the contact angles of the bearing outer groove are all set according to 15-35 degrees defined by a standard bearing;
The diameter of the bearing steel ball of the final star wheel is smaller than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.98, and is larger than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.5, and the bearing steel ball is axially and uniformly distributed in the final star wheel;
the central diameter of the steel ball annular track is set according to the maximization principle, namely: the diameter of the inner hole of the final star wheel is larger than the root circle of the final star wheel minus 2.5 times of the total tooth height of the final star wheel and smaller than the root circle of the final star wheel minus 0.8 times of the total tooth height of the final star wheel.
The 2 nd-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a last-stage star wheel frame, a last-stage sun wheel and a last-stage star wheel set, wherein 3 to 6 last-stage star wheel shafts are arranged on the last-stage star wheel frame, last-stage star wheel shaft holes for installing the last-stage star wheel shafts are formed in the last-stage star wheel frame, 1 to 2 bearing grooves are formed in the last-stage star wheel set, and the last-stage star wheel set comprises a last-stage star wheel, steel balls and a last-stage star wheel shaft;
the bearing outer groove on the final second-stage star wheel shaft can be provided with a single-point contact type or a two-point contact type, and when the bearing outer groove is provided with 2-point contact, the contact angles of the bearing outer groove are all set according to 15-35 degrees defined by a standard bearing; the bearing inner groove on the final star wheel is arranged to be in conventional single-point contact, the depth of the bearing inner groove is smaller than 1.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove and larger than 0.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove;
A central hole is formed in the final second-stage star wheel frame, the central hole is arranged into an internal tooth spline matched with the final-stage sun wheel, the central hole on the final second-stage star wheel frame is in interference fit with external teeth of the final-stage sun wheel, and the input end faces of the central hole and the external teeth of the final-stage sun wheel are rigidly fixed in alignment;
a front-stage shared gear ring is arranged on the final gear ring, the final gear ring comprises an input end face and an output end face, the output end face of the final gear ring is concentrically connected with the speed reducer shell, and the input end face of the final gear ring is concentrically connected with the output end face of the front-stage shared gear ring through a positioning ring;
the front-stage shared gear ring is a shared gear ring of all stages of planetary gears except the final stage planetary gear, and the outer diameter of the front-stage shared gear ring is the same as the outer diameter of the final stage gear ring and the outer diameter of an end cover of an input end;
in the 3 rd to N th stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism,
the N-level star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a last-level star wheel frame, a last-level star wheel group and a last-level sun wheel of a last-level, wherein the last-level sun wheel is fixed on an output shaft of a motor or is fixedly arranged on an input end cover of a speed reducer through a bearing;
the last-N-level star wheel group comprises a last-N-level star wheel, a steel ball and a last-N-level star wheel shaft;
The structural dimensions and the machining assembly method of the last N-level star wheel frame and the last N-level star wheel set are consistent with those of the last three-level star wheel frame and the last three-level star wheel set in the 3 rd-level star wheel speed reducing mechanism.
As optimization, a final-stage star wheel shaft is arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame, 4 to 6 star wheel shaft holes and 4 to 6 final-stage star wheel shafts are arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame, counter bores of the final-stage star wheel frame and internal threads on the final-stage star wheel shaft are tensioned through tensioning bolts, and the final-stage star wheel frame is provided with star wheel shaft holes for installing the final-stage star wheel shafts; an outer bearing track groove is formed in the final-stage star wheel frame, steel balls are filled in the outer bearing track groove, an inner bearing track groove is formed in the speed reducer shell, and the inner bearing track groove is matched with the outer bearing track groove; the final-stage star wheel frame is in interference connection with the reducer shell through an inner bearing track groove and a steel ball filled in the bearing track groove.
As an optimization, the final planetary gear transmission ratio is set to be 3.6:1 to 4.5:1;
as optimization, the final stage sun gear is a cylindrical gear, and the length of the final stage sun gear is equal to the length of the final stage star wheel plus a side gap and the thickness of the final second stage star wheel frame.
As optimization, the final-stage star wheel shaft is a step cylinder with bearing outer grooves, 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves are formed in the outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter end of the step cylinder along the axial direction, a side gap is reserved between each row of bearing steel balls and two end surfaces, the final-stage star wheel shaft is fixedly arranged with the final-stage star wheel shaft filled with the bearing steel balls after being heated, a side gap is formed between the end surface of the final-stage star wheel and the corresponding end surface of the final-stage star wheel frame, and the value of the side gap is 0.1 to 0.5mm; the other end face of the final star wheel is flush with the same-direction end face of the final star wheel shaft.
As optimization, the diameter of the bearing steel ball of the final star wheel is smaller than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.98, and is larger than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.5, and the bearing steel balls are uniformly distributed in the axial direction inside the final star wheel.
As optimization, in the 2 nd-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism, the thickness of the last-stage star wheel frame is more than 0.9 multiplied by the number of last-stage star wheels multiplied by the length of the last-stage star wheels divided by the number of last-stage sun wheels less than 1.5 multiplied by the number of last-stage star wheels multiplied by the length of the last-stage star wheels divided by the number of last-stage sun wheels; 3 to 5 last-stage star wheel shaft holes are circumferentially arranged on the last-stage star wheel frame at intervals; the last-stage star wheel shaft is arranged into a hollow step cylinder with 1 bearing outer groove, and the length of the small-diameter section is equal to the thickness of the last-stage star wheel frame and is in interference rigid installation with the last-stage star wheel shaft hole on the last-stage star wheel frame;
the other section of the end secondary star wheel shaft is equal to the length of the end secondary star wheel shaft plus a side gap, the end secondary star wheel shaft is fixedly arranged with the end secondary star wheel with the same number of steel balls matched with the grooves in the bearing through a line of steel balls, a side gap is reserved between the end face of the end secondary star wheel shaft and the corresponding end face of the end secondary star wheel frame, and the other end face of the end secondary star wheel shaft is flush with the end face of the end secondary star wheel shaft in the same direction;
The length of the last-stage star wheel is larger than 0.9, the length of the last-stage star wheel is multiplied by 7 times of the last-stage star wheel, the last-stage transmission ratio is divided by the last-stage star wheel number, and the length of the last-stage star wheel is multiplied by the last-stage star wheel number, the last-stage transmission ratio is divided by the last-stage star wheel number, and the last-stage star wheel number is smaller than 1.5;
when the last-stage steel balls are filled into the last-stage star wheel bearing track, a side gap is reserved between each row and in the circumferential direction of each steel ball, and the rest spaces are fully filled;
the last two-stage star wheel group is uniformly distributed in 3 to 5 circumferences;
the inner part and the outer part of the final second-stage star wheel are simultaneously meshed with the final second-stage sun wheel and the front-stage shared gear ring;
the final second-stage planetary gear ratio is set to 5:1 to 7:1;
the last-stage sun gear is a cylindrical gear, and the length of the last-stage sun gear is equal to the length of the last-stage star wheel plus a side gap and the thickness of the next-stage star wheel frame.
As optimization, a plurality of bolt mounting counter bores are formed in the input end cover of the speed reducer, and the number of the bolt mounting counter bores is larger than 12; a motor mounting and positioning straight port, an internal thread corresponding to a motor mounting bolt hole and a speed reducer oil filling hole are arranged on the speed reducer input end cover; and cylindrical countersunk bolts are arranged on the plurality of bolt mounting counter bores of the input end cover of the speed reducer, penetrate through the final-stage gear ring and the front-stage common gear ring, and are rigidly connected with the speed reducer shell with corresponding internal threads.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a compact planetary gear reducer with large transmission ratio,
1. the adopted output shaft processing and manufacturing and mounting and fixing modes with the output gear simplify the structure, are convenient for processing and manufacturing, greatly improve the assembly strength and precision, and can ensure the long-term stable work of the speed reducer;
2. the final planetary gear set is independently provided with a gear ring and a final small transmission ratio, so that the number of final planetary gear sets is increased under the condition that the maximum outer diameter of the speed reducer is determined, the weakest final sun gear is increased in pitch circle diameter and gear modulus, and is meshed with more planetary gear sets simultaneously, the torque output capacity is greatly improved, the final planetary gear set with the maximum influence on the axial length of the speed reducer is shortened to the greatest extent, and the whole speed reducer is optimized in all directions;
3. the arrangement mode of each stage of planetary gear set greatly strengthens another weak link of the planetary reducer, namely: the bearing capacity of the star wheel bearing greatly increases the diameter and the assembly number of the bearing steel balls, so that the bearing capacity of the star wheel bearing is greatly enhanced, the load borne by a single steel ball is greatly reduced, and the weak link is not weakened any more;
4. The arrangement mode of each stage of star wheel sets is greatly convenient for assembling each star wheel set, so that the star wheel and a star wheel frame of the star wheel are combined to realize axial positioning;
5. except that the final-stage star wheel frame and the combination body and the input-stage sun wheel are directly or indirectly fixedly connected with the shell, other star wheel sets, star wheel frames and the respective next-stage sun wheel set form different individuals, the star wheel frames and the respective next-stage sun wheel sets are in a free floating state at respective positions after the whole assembly is completed, accurate positioning is realized axially by virtue of oil films formed by reserved side gaps, and accurate positioning is realized radially by virtue of planet wheels, gear rings and sun wheels; greatly simplifying the structure, simplifying the processing, manufacturing and assembling, and correspondingly improving the operation efficiency and the transmission rigidity of the speed reducer. The structure is simple, and the design is reasonable;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
wherein, 1, an output gear, 2, a final-stage star wheel carrier, 3, a speed reducer shell, 4, four-point contact bearings, 5, a tension bolt, 6, a final-stage star wheel shaft, 7, a final-stage star wheel, 8, a final-stage sun wheel, 9, a final-secondary star wheel carrier, 10, a final-secondary star wheel shaft, 11, a final-stage gear ring, 12, a shell assembly fixing bolt, 13, a final-stage star wheel bearing steel ball, 14, a final-secondary star wheel, 15, a final-secondary star wheel bearing steel ball, 16 and a final-secondary gear ring, 17, a last second-stage gear ring assembly positioning ring, 18, a last second-stage sun gear, 19, a last third-stage star wheel carrier, 20, a last third-stage star wheel shaft, 21, a last third-stage star wheel bearing steel ball, 22, a last third-stage star wheel, 23, a last third-stage sun gear, 24, a last fourth-stage star wheel carrier, 25, a last fourth-stage star wheel shaft, 26, a last fourth-stage star wheel bearing steel ball, 27, a last fourth-stage star wheel, 28, a last fourth-stage sun gear, 29, a motor, 30, a speed reducer input end cover, 31 and a fixing bolt.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The compact planetary gear reducer with large transmission ratio as shown in fig. 1 comprises a motor 29, a speed reducing mechanism and an output mechanism, wherein the speed reducing mechanism comprises a reducer shell 3 and an nth-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism which is sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the reducer shell 3; each stage of star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a star wheel frame, a sun wheel and a star wheel shaft; : the output mechanism comprises an output shaft, a final-stage star wheel frame 2 is fixed at one end of the output shaft, the final-stage star wheel frame 2 and the output shaft are integrally arranged, an output gear 1 is arranged on the output shaft, and the output shaft gear and the output shaft are in interference rigid connection through a tooth-shaped spline and a cone structure;
a four-point contact bearing 4 for connection is arranged on the speed reducer shell 3; the final gear ring 11 is fixedly connected with the final gear ring 16 through a final gear ring assembly positioning ring 17.
The tooth-shaped spline and cone two-section structure, the tooth-shaped spline occupies 1/4 to 1/2 of the effective assembly length, the taper of the cone is 0.5 degrees to 10 degrees at the tail end of the output shaft 201, the small diameter end of the cone is close to the tooth-shaped spline, and the small diameter value of the cone is 0.5mm to 3mm greater than the diameter of the tooth root circle of the internal spline of the output gear 11.
The 1 st-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a final-stage star wheel frame 2 and a final-stage star wheel 7 group, a speed reducer shell 3 is sleeved on the final-stage star wheel frame 2, a final-stage gear ring 11 is arranged on the speed reducer shell 3, and a final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame 2; the final star wheel 7 group comprises a final star wheel 7, steel balls and a final star wheel shaft 6, and the final star wheel 7 group is uniformly distributed in 4 to 6 circumferences;
2 to 4 outer bearing track grooves are formed in the outer circle of the final-stage star wheel frame 2, and the final-stage star wheel frame is fixedly connected with a speed reducer shell 3 with the same number of columns of steel balls and inner bearing track grooves matched with the same number of columns of steel balls through the corresponding number of columns of steel balls.
The outer bearing track groove of the final-stage carrier 2 and the inner bearing track groove of the reducer shell 3 are arranged in a standard form of 4-point contact, contact angles of the final-stage carrier 2 and the inner bearing track groove of the reducer shell are all set between 20 degrees and 45 degrees defined by standard bearings, assembly is completed in a traditional reserved hole filling mode, and interference of 2-5 microns is reserved between the steel ball and the two bearing track grooves during assembly.
A final-stage sun gear 8 is arranged on the final-stage star wheel 7, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the final-stage star wheel 7 are respectively in meshed relation with the final-stage sun gear 8 and a final-stage gear ring 11;
a step hole is formed in the final-stage star wheel frame 2, a counter bore is formed in one side, close to the final-stage star wheel frame 2, of the output shaft, a mounting and positioning hole of the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is formed in the other side of the final-stage star wheel frame 2, and the depth of the mounting and positioning hole is 1mm to 2mm greater than the assembly length of the final-stage star wheel shaft 6;
the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is arranged into a step cylinder with 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves, and the length of the small-diameter section accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total length of the star wheel shaft; the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is an optical axis, the center of the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is provided with an internal thread, the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 and a star wheel shaft hole on the final-stage star wheel frame 2 are assembled according to an excessive fit relationship, and then the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 and the star wheel shaft hole are tensioned and rigidly mounted by a cylindrical countersunk head bolt;
The other section of the outer circle of the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is provided with 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves, the length=the length of the final-stage star wheel shaft 7 plus one side gap, the final-stage star wheel shaft 7 with the corresponding number of steel balls matched with the bearing inner grooves of the number of steel balls is fixedly arranged through the corresponding number of steel balls, one side gap is reserved between the end face of the final-stage star wheel shaft 7 and the corresponding end face of the final-stage star wheel frame 2, and the other end face of the final-stage star wheel shaft 7 is flush with the end face of the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 in the same direction;
the bearing inner groove on the final second-stage star wheel shaft 6 can be arranged to be in conventional single-point contact, the depth of the bearing inner groove is smaller than 1.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove and larger than 0.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove; the bearing outer grooves on the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 and the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 can be set to be 2-point contact, and the contact angles are all set according to 15-35 degrees defined by standard bearings;
the diameter of the final star wheel bearing steel ball 13 is smaller than the length of the final star wheel 7 divided by the number of steel balls and multiplied by 0.98, and the length of the final star wheel 7 divided by the number of steel balls and multiplied by 0.5, and the final star wheel bearing steel ball is axially and uniformly distributed in the final star wheel 7;
the 2 nd-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a last-stage star wheel frame 9, a last-stage sun wheel 8 and a last-stage star wheel 14 group, 3-6 last-stage star wheel shafts 10 are arranged on the last-stage star wheel frame 9, last-stage star wheel shaft 10 holes for installing the last-stage star wheel shafts 10 are formed in the last-stage star wheel frame 9, 1-2 bearing grooves are formed in the last-stage star wheel 14 group, and the last-stage star wheel 14 group comprises a last-stage star wheel 14, steel balls and a last-stage star wheel shaft 6;
The bearing outer groove on the final second-stage star wheel shaft 10 can be provided with a single-point contact or a two-point contact, and when the bearing outer groove is provided with 2-point contact, the contact angles of the bearing outer groove are all 15-35 degrees defined by a standard bearing; the bearing inner groove on the final star wheel 14 is set to be in conventional single-point contact, the depth of the bearing inner groove is smaller than 1.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove and larger than 0.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove;
a central hole is formed in the final second-stage star wheel frame 9, the central hole is arranged into an internal tooth spline matched with the final-stage sun wheel 8, the central hole on the final second-stage star wheel frame 9 is in interference fit with external teeth of the final-stage sun wheel 8, and the input end faces of the central hole and the external teeth of the final-stage sun wheel 8 are rigidly fixed in alignment;
a front-stage shared gear ring is arranged on the final-stage gear ring 11, the final-stage gear ring 11 comprises an input end surface and an output end surface, the output end surface of the final-stage gear ring 11 is concentrically connected with the speed reducer shell 3, and the input end surface of the final-stage gear ring 11 is concentrically connected with the output end surface of the front-stage shared gear ring through a positioning ring;
the front-stage shared gear ring is a shared gear ring of all stages of planetary gears except the final stage planetary gear, and the outer diameter of the front-stage shared gear ring is the same as the outer diameter of the final stage gear ring 11 and the outer diameter of an end cover of an input end;
In the 3 rd to N th stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism,
the N-level star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a last-level star wheel frame, a last-level star wheel group and a last-level sun wheel of a last-level, wherein the last-level sun wheel is fixed on an output shaft of a motor or is fixedly arranged on an input end cover of a speed reducer through a bearing;
the last-N-level star wheel group comprises a last-N-level star wheel, a steel ball and a last-N-level star wheel shaft;
the structural dimensions and the machining assembly method of the last N-level star wheel frame and the last N-level star wheel set are consistent with those of a last three-level star wheel frame 19 and a last three-level star wheel 22 in a 3 rd-level star wheel speed reducing mechanism.
In the embodiment, a final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame 2, 4 to 6 star wheel shaft holes and 4 to 6 final-stage star wheel shafts are arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame 2, counter bores of the final-stage star wheel frame 2 and internal threads on the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 are tensioned through tensioning bolts 5, and the final-stage star wheel frame 2 is provided with the star wheel shaft holes for installing the final-stage star wheel shaft 6; an outer bearing track groove is formed in the final-stage star wheel frame 2, steel balls are filled in the outer bearing track groove, an inner bearing track groove is formed in the speed reducer shell 3, and the inner bearing track groove is matched with the outer bearing track groove; the final-stage star wheel frame 2 and the speed reducer shell 3 are in interference connection through the inner bearing track groove and the steel balls filled in the bearing track groove.
In this embodiment, the final planetary gear ratio is set to 3.6:1 to 4.5:1;
in this embodiment, the final sun gear 8 is a cylindrical gear, and the length of the final sun gear 8 is equal to the length of the final star wheel 7 plus one side gap plus one final second-stage star wheel frame 9.
In this embodiment, the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is a step cylinder with bearing outer grooves, 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter end of the step cylinder along the axial direction, a side gap is reserved between each row of bearing steel balls and two end surfaces, the final-stage star wheel 7 is fixedly installed with the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 filled with the bearing steel balls after being heated, a side gap is formed between the end surface of the final-stage star wheel 7 and the corresponding end surface of the final-stage star wheel frame 2, and the value of the side gap is 0.1 to 0.5mm; the other end face of the final star wheel 7 is flush with the same-direction end face of the final star wheel shaft 6.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the bearing steel ball 13 of the final star wheel is smaller than the length of the final star wheel 7 divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.98, and is larger than the length of the final star wheel 7 divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.5, and the bearing steel balls are uniformly distributed in the axial direction inside the final star wheel 7; the center diameter of the steel ball annular track is set according to the maximization principle, the diameter of the inner hole of the final star wheel 7 is larger than the tooth root circle of the final star wheel 7 minus 2.5 times, and the total tooth height of the final star wheel 7 is smaller than the tooth root circle of the final star wheel 7 minus 0.8 times, and the total tooth height of the final star wheel 7 is higher than the total tooth height of the final star wheel 7; the final star wheel 7 is in planetary engagement with the final sun wheel 8 and the final ring wheel 11 simultaneously.
In this embodiment, in the 2 nd-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism, the thickness of the last-stage star wheel frame 9 is greater than 0.9 times the number of last-stage star wheels 7 times the length of the last-stage star wheels 7 divided by the number of last-stage sun wheels 8 teeth is less than 1.5 times the number of last-stage star wheels 7 times the length of the last-stage star wheels 7 divided by the number of last-stage sun wheels 8 teeth; 3 to 5 last-stage star wheel shaft 10 holes are circumferentially arranged on the last-stage star wheel frame 9 at intervals; the last-stage star wheel shaft 10 is arranged into a hollow step cylinder with 1 bearing outer groove, and the length of the small diameter section is equal to the thickness of the last-stage star wheel frame 9 and the hole of the last-stage star wheel shaft 10 on the last-stage star wheel frame 9 are in interference rigid installation;
the other section of the last-stage star wheel shaft 10 is equal to the length of the last-stage star wheel shaft plus a side gap, the last-stage star wheel shaft is fixedly arranged with a last-stage star wheel 14 with the same number of steel balls matched with grooves in a bearing through a line of steel balls, a side gap is reserved between the end face of the last-stage star wheel 14 and the corresponding end face of the last-stage star wheel frame 9, and the other end face of the last-stage star wheel shaft 14 is flush with the end face of the last-stage star wheel shaft 10 in the same direction;
the length of the last secondary star wheel 14 is more than 0.9 multiplied by the length of the last star wheel 7 multiplied by the number of the last star wheels 77 divided by the last transmission ratio divided by the number of the last secondary star wheels 14 is less than 1.5 multiplied by the length of the last star wheel 7 multiplied by the number of the last star wheels 7 divided by the last transmission ratio divided by the number of the last secondary star wheels 14;
When the last-stage steel balls are filled into the bearing rails of the last-stage star wheel shafts 10, a side gap is reserved between each row and in the circumferential direction of each steel ball, and the rest spaces are fully filled;
the last two-stage star wheel 14 group is uniformly distributed in 3 to 5 circumferences;
the inner part and the outer part of the final second-stage star wheel 14 are simultaneously meshed with the final second-stage sun wheel 18 and the front-stage shared gear ring;
the final second-stage planetary gear ratio is set to 5:1 to 7:1;
the final second-stage sun gear 18 is a cylindrical gear, and its length is equal to the length of the final second-stage star wheel 14 plus one side gap plus the thickness of the next-stage carrier.
In this embodiment, a new design calculation method of a multistage planetary transmission reducer is provided: according to the requirements of the use environment, the output gear 1, the outer diameter of the speed reducer, the mounting structure, the output torque, the output rotating speed, the power of the motor 29, the rated rotating speed of the motor 29 and the total transmission ratio are determined. The design method of the invention is as follows: the final stage takes a small transmission ratio, increases the pitch diameter of the final stage sun gear 8 as much as possible, increases the modulus of the final stage sun gear, fully utilizes the annular space formed by the final stage sun gear 8 and the final stage gear ring 11, and sets common transmission torque of a plurality of star wheel groups as much as possible, so that the length of the final stage star wheel obtained in calculation is shortest; after the final star wheel length is obtained, calculating the sizes of the parts from the final second level to the final third level according to the length of the final star wheel and finishing the structural arrangement of each part; if more stages of planetary transmission exist, the planetary transmission can be completed by overlapping the final three stages of planetary transmission with the same size and structure, so that the requirement of output parameters of the speed reducer is met, and the maximum balance point is found between the difficulty in processing and manufacturing and the number of consumable materials. The calculation method greatly simplifies the structure, reduces the axial dimension of the planetary gear reducer to the greatest extent, takes care of different mission tasks borne by each stage of planetary gear transmission in the whole reducer, can optimize the reducer in all directions, can meet the requirement of long-term safe operation of the reducer, effectively removes unreasonable redundancy, reduces material consumption and reduces the size of the reducer. The wind power yaw speed reducer manufactured by the method has the advantages that the length is reduced by 1/2, the weight is reduced by 1/3 under the condition of the same installation section size and the same output parameter, and the transmission rigidity, the transmission precision and the transmission efficiency are improved to different degrees.
Working principle: the invention provides a compact planetary gear reducer with a large transmission ratio, an output shaft gear is in interference rigid connection with an output shaft through a tooth-shaped spline and a cone, the output shaft is also a final-stage star wheel frame 2, two outer bearing track grooves are arranged on the outer circle of the output shaft, the outer bearing track grooves correspond to two inner bearing track grooves on a reducer shell 3 to form a complete two-row bearing annular track, four-point contact steel balls are filled into the annular track through filling holes, and interference assembly connection with the angle of 35 degrees is formed by four-point contact.
Five star wheel shaft holes on the final stage star wheel frame 2 are filled with five final stage star wheel shafts 6 in a transition fit mode, and the step end surfaces on the final stage star wheel shafts 6 are tightly and rigidly connected with the end surfaces of the final stage star wheel frame 2 by tightening bolts 5 through counter bores of the final stage star wheel frame 2 and internal threads on the final stage star wheel shafts 6. Three bearing steel ball outer grooves are respectively formed on the outer circles of the five final-stage star wheel shafts 6, the five final-stage star wheels are heated to 120-150 ℃ after the final-stage star wheel steel balls are filled, then are assembled in place in sequence, and after the five final-stage star wheels are cooled, steel ball track shallow grooves of the five final-stage star wheels are formed, and 2-3-micrometer interference fit is formed corresponding to the final-stage star wheel bearing steel balls 13. And (3) injection: the final-stage star wheel shaft 6 is in transition fit with the reserved shaft hole on the final-stage star wheel frame 2, so that deformation of a bearing steel ball track on the outer circle of the final-stage star wheel frame 2 is avoided when interference fit is carried out; in addition, the depth of the shallow groove in each star wheel is equal to the expansion amount heated to 120-150 degrees under the current inner diameter of each star wheel. A last four-stage star wheel bearing steel ball 26 is arranged on the last four-stage star wheel shaft 25.
The final sun gear 8 is in interference fit with an internal tooth spline hole corresponding to the final second-stage star wheel frame 9, and the input end faces Ji Rezhuang of the final sun gear 8 and the final second-stage star wheel frame are rigidly fixed; filling bearing steel ball tracks of the final second-stage star wheel shaft 10 with final second-stage star wheel bearing steel balls 15, heating the final second-stage star wheel 14 to 120-150 ℃ and assembling the final second-stage star wheel to an input end for alignment so as to combine the final second-stage star wheel 14 into a whole; heating the final secondary star wheel frame 9 to 120-150 ℃, respectively loading the four final secondary star wheel 14 assemblies into four star wheel shaft holes of the final secondary star wheel frame 9, and rigidly connecting the step end surfaces of the final secondary star wheel shafts 10 close to the end surfaces of the final secondary star wheel frame 9.
In the same manner, the final three-stage and final four-stage carrier 24 assembly is completed.
The last four stage sun gear 28 is mounted on the output shaft of the motor 29.
The output end face of the final gear ring 11 is concentrically butted with the shell of the speed reducer, and the input end face of the final gear ring is concentrically butted with the output end face of the final second gear ring 16 through a positioning ring 17. The final second-stage, final third-stage and final fourth-stage star wheel frames 24 assembled in advance are sequentially arranged in a cylinder body formed by the two gear rings, so that the cylinder body and the respective gear rings form a good meshing state.
The mounting straight port of the reducer input end cover 30 is in butt joint with the final second-stage gear ring 16, the reducer input end cover 30, the final-stage gear ring 11, the final second-stage gear ring 16 and the shell are used for assembling and fixing bolts 12, bolt countersinks on the reducer input end cover 30 penetrate through bolt inner holes on the final-stage gear ring 16, the final-stage gear ring 11 and the reducer shell 3 to be screwed, and the reducer input end cover 30, the final-stage gear ring 16 and the final-stage gear ring 11 are rigidly assembled and connected with the shell.
The straight opening of the motor 29 with the final four-stage sun gear 28 is aligned with the corresponding position on the reducer input end cover 30, and the motor 29 and the reducer input end cover 30 are rigidly and fixedly connected by using the mounting and fixing bolts 31 of the motor 29.
After the lubricating oil is filled, the motor 29 is electrified, the final four-stage sun gear 28 arranged on the output shaft of the motor 29 and the motor 29 synchronously rotate to drive the final four-stage star wheel 27 to rotate around the final four-stage star wheel shaft 25, and the four final four-stage star wheels 27 simultaneously mesh with the final two-stage gear ring 16 to enable the combination of the final four-stage star wheel frame 24 and the final three-stage sun gear 23 to rotate around the center of the speed reducer, so that the output gear 1 of the speed reducer finally rotates according to the designed output rotating speed.
The design and calculation method of the multistage planetary transmission speed reducer is provided: according to the requirements of the use environment, the output gear 1, the outer diameter of the speed reducer, the mounting structure, the output torque, the output rotating speed, the power of the motor 29, the rated rotating speed of the motor 29 and the total transmission ratio are determined. The design method of the invention is as follows: the final stage takes a small transmission ratio, increases the pitch diameter of the final stage sun gear 8 as much as possible, increases the modulus of the final stage sun gear, fully utilizes the annular space formed by the final stage sun gear 8 and the final stage gear ring 11, and sets common transmission torque of a plurality of star wheel groups as much as possible, so that the length of the final stage star wheel obtained in calculation is shortest; after the final star wheel length is obtained, calculating the sizes of the parts from the final second level to the final third level according to the length of the final star wheel and finishing the structural arrangement of each part; if more stages of planetary transmission exist, the planetary transmission can be completed by overlapping the final three stages of planetary transmission with the same size and structure, so that the requirement of output parameters of the speed reducer is met, and the maximum balance point is found between the difficulty in processing and manufacturing and the number of consumable materials. The design calculation method greatly simplifies the structure, reduces the axial dimension of the planetary gear reducer to the greatest extent, takes care of different mission tasks borne by each stage of planetary gear transmission in the whole reducer, can optimize the reducer in all directions, can meet the requirement of long-term safe operation of the reducer, effectively removes unreasonable redundancy, reduces material consumption and reduces the size of the reducer. The wind power yaw speed reducer manufactured by the method has the advantages that the length is reduced by 1/2, the weight is reduced by 1/3 under the condition of the same installation section size and the same output parameter, and the transmission rigidity, the transmission precision and the transmission efficiency are improved to different degrees.
The processing and manufacturing of the output shaft and the installation and fixation mode of the output gear 1 adopted by the invention simplify the structure, facilitate the processing and manufacturing, greatly improve the assembly strength and the precision and ensure the long-term stable work of the speed reducer;
the final planetary gear set independently uses a gear ring and final small transmission ratio setting mode, which is beneficial to increasing the number of final star wheel sets under the condition that the maximum outer diameter of the speed reducer is determined, so that the weakest final sun wheel 8 increases the pitch diameter and the gear modulus, is meshed with more star wheel sets simultaneously, greatly improves the torque output capacity, ensures that the final planetary gear set with the maximum axial length affecting the speed reducer is shortened to the greatest extent, and also ensures that the whole speed reducer is optimized in all directions;
the arrangement mode of each stage of planetary gear set greatly strengthens the other weak link of the planetary reducer, namely: the bearing capacity of the star wheel bearing greatly increases the diameter and the assembly number of the bearing steel balls, so that the bearing capacity of the star wheel bearing is greatly enhanced, the load borne by a single steel ball is greatly reduced, and the weak link is not weakened any more;
the arrangement mode of each stage of star wheel sets is greatly convenient for assembling each star wheel set, so that the star wheel and a star wheel frame of the star wheel are combined to realize axial positioning;
Except that the final-stage star wheel frame 2, the combination body and the input-stage sun wheel are directly or indirectly fixedly connected with the shell, other star wheel sets, star wheel frames and the respective next-stage sun wheel sets form different units, the whole assembly is in a free floating state at the respective positions, the precise positioning is realized axially by virtue of oil films formed by reserved side gaps, and the precise positioning is realized radially by virtue of the planet wheels, the gear rings and the sun wheels; greatly simplifying the structure, simplifying the processing, manufacturing and assembling, and correspondingly improving the operation efficiency and the transmission rigidity of the speed reducer.
The foregoing embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the forms and styles of the foregoing embodiments, and any suitable changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art, which are consistent with the claims of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The planetary gear reducer with the compact large transmission ratio comprises a motor, a speed reducing mechanism and an output mechanism, wherein the speed reducing mechanism comprises a reducer shell and an Nth-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism which is axially and sequentially arranged along the reducer shell; each stage of star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a star wheel frame, a sun wheel and a star wheel shaft; the method is characterized in that: the output mechanism comprises an output shaft, a final-stage star wheel frame is fixed at one end of the output shaft, the final-stage star wheel frame and the output shaft are integrally arranged, an output gear is arranged on the output shaft, and the output gear and the output shaft are in interference rigid connection through a tooth-shaped spline and a cone;
The tooth-shaped spline occupies 1/4 to 1/2 of the effective assembly length, the taper of the cone is 0.5-10 degrees at the tail end of the output shaft, the small diameter end of the cone is close to the tooth-shaped spline, and the small diameter value of the cone is 0.5-3 mm larger than the diameter of the tooth root circle of the internal spline of the output gear;
the 1 st-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a final-stage star wheel frame and a final-stage star wheel group, a speed reducing shell is sleeved on the final-stage star wheel frame, a final-stage gear ring is arranged on the speed reducing shell, and a final-stage star wheel shaft is arranged on the final-stage star wheel frame; the final star wheel group comprises a final star wheel, steel balls and a final star wheel shaft, and the final star wheel group is uniformly distributed in 4-6 circumferences;
2-4 outer bearing track grooves are formed in the outer circle of the final star wheel frame, and the final star wheel frame is fixedly connected with a reducer shell with inner bearing track grooves which have the same number of columns and are matched with the steel balls in the number of columns through steel balls in the corresponding number of columns;
the outer bearing track groove of the final-stage star wheel carrier and the inner bearing track groove of the speed reducer shell are arranged in a standard form of 4-point contact, contact angles of the outer bearing track groove and the steel balls are all arranged between 20 degrees and 45 degrees defined by standard bearings, assembly is completed in a traditional reserved hole filling mode, and interference of 2-5 microns is reserved between the steel balls and the two bearing track grooves during assembly;
The final star wheel is respectively engaged with the final sun wheel and the final gear ring in a star shape;
a step hole is formed in the final-stage star wheel frame, a counter bore is formed in one side, close to the final-stage star wheel frame, of the output shaft, a mounting and positioning hole of a final-stage star wheel shaft is formed in the other side of the final-stage star wheel frame, and the depth of the mounting and positioning hole is 1-2 mm greater than the assembly length of the final-stage star wheel shaft;
the final-stage star wheel shaft is arranged into a step cylinder with 2-5 bearing outer grooves, and the length of the small-diameter section accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total length of the star wheel shaft; the device is an optical axis, the center of the device is provided with an internal thread, the device is assembled with a star wheel shaft hole on a final stage star wheel frame according to an excessive matching relationship, and then the device is tensioned and rigidly mounted by a cylindrical countersunk head bolt;
the other section of the outer circle of the final star wheel shaft is provided with 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves, the length=the length of the final star wheel+one side gap, the final star wheel with the corresponding number of steel balls and the corresponding number of steel balls matched with the bearing inner grooves is fixedly arranged, one side gap is reserved between the end face of the final star wheel and the corresponding end face of the final star wheel frame, and the other end face of the final star wheel is flush with the same-direction end face of the final star wheel shaft;
the bearing inner groove on the final second-stage star wheel can be set to be in conventional single-point contact, and the depth of the bearing inner groove is smaller than 1.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove and larger than 0.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove; the bearing outer groove on the final-stage star wheel shaft can be set to be in single-point contact or 2-point contact, and when the bearing outer groove is set to be in 2-point contact, the contact angles of the bearing outer groove are all set to be 15-35 degrees defined by a standard bearing;
The diameter of the bearing steel ball of the final star wheel is smaller than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls, multiplied by 0.98, and larger than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls, multiplied by 0.5, and axially and uniformly distributed in the final star wheel;
the central diameter of the steel ball annular track is set according to the maximization principle, namely: the diameter of the inner hole of the final star wheel is larger than the root circle of the final star wheel minus 2.5 times of the total tooth height of the final star wheel and smaller than the root circle of the final star wheel minus 0.8 times of the total tooth height of the final star wheel;
the 2 nd-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a last-stage star wheel frame, a last-stage sun wheel and a last-stage star wheel set, wherein 3 to 6 last-stage star wheel shafts are arranged on the last-stage star wheel frame, last-stage star wheel shaft holes for installing the last-stage star wheel shafts are formed in the last-stage star wheel frame, 1 to 2 bearing grooves are formed in the last-stage star wheel set, and the last-stage star wheel set comprises a last-stage star wheel, steel balls and a last-stage star wheel shaft;
the bearing outer groove on the final second-stage star wheel shaft can be provided with a single-point contact type or a two-point contact type, and when the bearing outer groove is provided with 2-point contact, the contact angles of the bearing outer groove are all set according to 15-35 degrees defined by a standard bearing; the bearing inner groove on the final star wheel is arranged to be in conventional single-point contact, the depth of the bearing inner groove is smaller than 1.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove and larger than 0.5 per mill of the diameter of the arc top truncated circle of the groove;
A central hole is formed in the final second-stage star wheel frame, the central hole is arranged into an internal tooth spline matched with the final-stage sun wheel, the central hole on the final second-stage star wheel frame is in interference fit with external teeth of the final-stage sun wheel, and the input end faces of the central hole and the external teeth of the final-stage sun wheel are rigidly fixed in alignment;
a front-stage shared gear ring is arranged on the final gear ring, the final gear ring comprises an input end face and an output end face, the output end face of the final gear ring is concentrically connected with the speed reducer shell, and the input end face of the final gear ring is concentrically connected with the output end face of the front-stage shared gear ring through a positioning ring;
the front-stage shared gear ring is a shared gear ring of all stages of planetary gears except the final stage planetary gear, and the outer diameter of the front-stage shared gear ring is the same as the outer diameter of the final stage gear ring and the outer diameter of an end cover of an input end;
in the 3 rd to N th stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism,
the N-level star wheel speed reducing mechanism comprises a last-level star wheel frame, a last-level star wheel group and a last-level sun wheel of a last-level, wherein the last-level sun wheel is fixed on an output shaft of a motor or is fixedly arranged on an input end cover of a speed reducer through a bearing;
the last-N-level star wheel group comprises a last-N-level star wheel, a steel ball and a last-N-level star wheel shaft;
the structural dimensions and the machining assembly method of the last N-level star wheel frame and the last N-level star wheel set are consistent with those of the last three-level star wheel frame and the last three-level star wheel set in the 3 rd-level star wheel speed reducing mechanism.
2. A compact high ratio planetary gear reducer as defined in claim 1 wherein: the final planetary gear ratio is set to 3.6:1 to 4.5:1.
3. A compact high ratio planetary gear reducer as defined in claim 1 wherein: the final stage sun gear is a cylindrical gear, and the length of the final stage sun gear is equal to the length of the final stage star wheel plus one side gap and the thickness of the final second stage star wheel frame.
4. A compact high ratio planetary gear reducer as defined in claim 1 wherein: the final-stage star wheel shaft is a step cylinder with bearing outer grooves, 2 to 5 bearing outer grooves are formed in the outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter end of the step cylinder along the axial direction, one side gap is reserved between each row of bearing steel balls and two end surfaces, the final-stage star wheel shaft is fixedly arranged with the final-stage star wheel shaft filled with the bearing steel balls after being heated, one side gap is formed between the end surface of the final-stage star wheel shaft and the corresponding end surface of the final-stage star wheel frame, and the value of one side gap is 0.1 to 0.5mm; the other end face of the final star wheel is flush with the same-direction end face of the final star wheel shaft.
5. A compact high ratio planetary gear reducer as defined in claim 1 wherein: the diameter of the bearing steel balls of the final star wheel is smaller than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.98, and is larger than the length of the final star wheel divided by the number of steel balls multiplied by 0.5, and the bearing steel balls are uniformly distributed in the axial direction inside the final star wheel; the center diameter of the steel ball annular track is set according to the maximization principle, the inner hole diameter of the final-stage star wheel is larger than the final-stage star wheel root circle minus 2.5 times, and the total tooth height of the final-stage star wheel is smaller than the final-stage star wheel root circle minus 0.8 times; the final star wheel is in planetary engagement with the final sun wheel and the final gear ring simultaneously.
6. A compact high ratio planetary gear reducer as defined in claim 1 wherein: in the 2 nd-stage star wheel speed reducing mechanism, the thickness of the last-stage star wheel frame is more than 0.9 times the number of the last-stage star wheels, times the length of the last-stage star wheels, then divided by the number of the last-stage sun wheel teeth, and is less than 1.5 times the number of the last-stage star wheels, times the length of the last-stage star wheels, then divided by the number of the last-stage sun wheel teeth; 3 to 5 last-stage star wheel shaft holes are circumferentially arranged on the last-stage star wheel frame at intervals; the last-stage star wheel shaft is arranged into a hollow step cylinder with 1 bearing outer groove, and the length of the small-diameter section is equal to the thickness of the last-stage star wheel frame and is in interference rigid installation with the last-stage star wheel shaft hole on the last-stage star wheel frame;
the other section of the end secondary star wheel shaft is equal to the length of the end secondary star wheel shaft plus a side gap, the end secondary star wheel shaft is fixedly arranged with the end secondary star wheel with the same number of steel balls matched with the grooves in the bearing through a line of steel balls, a side gap is reserved between the end face of the end secondary star wheel shaft and the corresponding end face of the end secondary star wheel frame, and the other end face of the end secondary star wheel shaft is flush with the end face of the end secondary star wheel shaft in the same direction;
the length of the last-stage star wheel is greater than 0.9 multiplied by the length of the last-stage star wheel multiplied by the number of the last-stage star wheels divided by the last-stage transmission ratio, and is less than 1.5 multiplied by the length of the last-stage star wheel multiplied by the number of the last-stage star wheels divided by the last-stage transmission ratio divided by the number of the last-stage star wheels;
When the last-stage steel balls are filled into the last-stage star wheel bearing track, a side gap is reserved between each row and in the circumferential direction of each steel ball, and the rest spaces are fully filled;
the last two-stage star wheel group is uniformly distributed in 3 to 5 circumferences;
the inner part and the outer part of the final second-stage star wheel are simultaneously meshed with the final second-stage sun wheel and the front-stage shared gear ring;
the final second-stage planetary gear ratio is set to 5:1 to 7:1;
the last-stage sun gear is a cylindrical gear, and the length of the last-stage sun gear is equal to the length of the last-stage star wheel plus a side gap and the thickness of the next-stage star wheel frame.
7. A compact high ratio planetary gear reducer as defined in claim 1 wherein: the input end cover of the speed reducer is provided with a plurality of bolt mounting counter bores, and the number of the bolt mounting counter bores is more than 12; a motor mounting and positioning straight port, an internal thread corresponding to a motor mounting bolt hole and a speed reducer oil filling hole are arranged on the speed reducer input end cover; and cylindrical countersunk bolts are arranged on the plurality of bolt mounting counter bores of the input end cover of the speed reducer, penetrate through the final-stage gear ring and the front-stage common gear ring, and are rigidly connected with the speed reducer shell with corresponding internal threads.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311050389.6A CN117108723A (en) | 2023-08-21 | 2023-08-21 | Compact type large-transmission-ratio planetary gear reducer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311050389.6A CN117108723A (en) | 2023-08-21 | 2023-08-21 | Compact type large-transmission-ratio planetary gear reducer |
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| CN117108723A true CN117108723A (en) | 2023-11-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311050389.6A Pending CN117108723A (en) | 2023-08-21 | 2023-08-21 | Compact type large-transmission-ratio planetary gear reducer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117847154A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-04-09 | 山东金钻传动机械有限公司 | Wind power generation speed-increasing planetary gear box |
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2023
- 2023-08-21 CN CN202311050389.6A patent/CN117108723A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117847154A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-04-09 | 山东金钻传动机械有限公司 | Wind power generation speed-increasing planetary gear box |
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