CN117107704A - A prefabricated permeable breakwater structure using grids to eliminate waves - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an assembled type transparent breakwater structure adopting grid wave elimination, which comprises a plurality of pile foundations, a plurality of cross beams, a plurality of first wave elimination grids and a plurality of second wave elimination grids, wherein the cross beams are fixed at the tops of the pile foundations at intervals, the plurality of first wave elimination grids are fixedly paved on a connecting frame, and the plurality of second wave elimination grids are fixedly arranged on the connecting frame; the connecting frame is fixed on the cross beam, the first wave-dissipating grids are spliced into a whole with an inclined wave-dissipating slope, the second wave-dissipating grids are spliced side by side into a whole with a vertical wave-dissipating surface, and the first wave-dissipating grids and the second wave-dissipating grids are panels with porous structures on the surfaces. The invention has the beneficial effects that the slope type wave-dissipating grid and the vertical wave-dissipating grid are comprehensively utilized to dissipate waves, and the phase difference between the slope type wave-dissipating grid and the vertical wave-dissipating grid is utilized to form secondary wave dissipation, so that the air permeability and the wave dissipation effect of the structure are improved, the wave-dissipating grid plates are connected through the space frame structure to form an assembled wave-dissipating breakwater structure, the stress state of the structure is improved, and the construction cost is reduced.

Description

A prefabricated permeable breakwater structure using grids to eliminate waves

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of ecological protection in marine engineering and water transportation engineering, and specifically relates to an assembled permeable breakwater structure using a grid to absorb waves.

Background technique

With the issuance of the 2018 "Notice on Strengthening Coastal Wetland Protection and Strict Control of Reclamation", various policies have been launched one after another, requiring strict control of sea use. Not only strict restrictions on land reclamation, but also strict restrictions on newly built offshore structures meet higher ecological and environmental requirements. It is required that effective measures be taken during port engineering production and construction activities to reduce the impact on marine ecology, ensure the flow and exchange of marine water bodies, and select permeable structural types. It is required that the permeable part of the longitudinal section of the structure accounts for more than 70%, which is a challenge to the past. Fixed breakwater structures presented challenges.

In the past, fixed breakwater structures mainly relied on the reflection of waves by solid structures to protect the area inside the breakwater, including traditional structural forms such as slope embankments and upright embankments, and new structures such as semicircles, large cylinders, and boxes. The pile-based fixed breakwater structure has a certain air permeability, but this type of structure also relies on solid baffles to reflect waves, and the air permeability is insufficient in areas with relatively small water depths. With the demand for the development of new energy sources such as offshore photovoltaics, the demand for the construction of permeable breakwaters in shallow water areas is increasing. Increasing the structural air permeability through openings and other methods will greatly reduce the wave elimination effect of the breakwater for a breakwater structure that uses wave reflection as the wave elimination principle. Therefore, how to improve the structural air permeability while ensuring efficiency is a major problem currently faced in design.

The patent number is CN106320264A. It is a pile-based permeable breakwater that also takes into account the power generation function. It integrates wave prevention and wave energy generation. The air chamber formed by the front wall, the roof and the back wall is used as the main body of the wave barrier. The front wall It goes deep into the water to block the waves. When the wave crest passes, the solid retaining wall is used to reflect and block the waves. When the wave trough passes, a fence board type wave board is installed under the back wall to further improve the wave blocking and wave elimination effect. The opening rate of the fence board is 20%-40%. . The main body of the wave barrier is a solid structure, and there is a problem that the air permeability does not meet the requirements when the relative water depth is small. The disadvantage is that the amount of solid wall materials is large and the project cost is high.

The patent number is CN208701607U, a pile-based permeable breakwater. It proposes a breakwater that can meet the needs of ship traffic. It blocks waves through two front and rear breakwater plate groups in the wave propagation direction. The breakwater plate group includes 4 layers of openings. Baffle, the opening positions are staggered front and back, and the longitudinal section is equivalent to the solid baffle. The wave-proof board group is fixed on the solid platform, and an upright solid wave-retaining wall is set on the platform. The breakwater as a whole uses solid retaining walls to reflect and block waves. The defect is that the wave-proof board group includes 4 layers of opening baffles. The opening positions are staggered front and back. The longitudinal section is equivalent to a solid baffle. It also has the problem of not meeting the requirements when the relative water depth is small. The structural plan is relatively complex. The amount of materials is large, the construction is complex, and the project cost is high.

The patent number is CN216379368U, a pile-based permeable breakwater. It proposes a breakwater structure with an upper semicircle and a lower baffle. The upper semicircle has an opening rate of 5%, and the lower wave-facing baffle has an arc-shaped opening. Structure, the opening rate is 10%-30%, and the lower backside baffle is a solid structure. The upper semicircle with openings uses an arc-shaped wave-blocking surface to partially block waves, and uses the openings and internal cavity to form a wave energy dissipation chamber. The lower wave enters the energy dissipation chamber formed by the front and rear baffles through the opening of the wave-facing side baffle for wave dissipation. Its flaw is that the overall air permeability of the upper semicircle and the lower solid baffle on the backside of the waves is very low. The openings are mainly used for wave water to enter the energy dissipation room and dissipate energy. There is also the problem of not meeting the requirements when the relative water depth is small. , a large amount of structural materials is used, and the project cost is high. How to further improve the air permeability until it meets the requirements of permeable structures.

The patent number is CN105200957A. The Π-shaped pile-based permeable breakwater with arc plates includes arc plates, webs and bottom plates. The opening rates of arc plates and webs are 5% and 15%-35% respectively. The breakwater uses the energy dissipation chamber composed of the above components to dissipate waves. The disadvantage is that the opening rate of the web is 15%-35%, which is increased compared to the opening rates of the above three structures. However, considering the longitudinal cross-sectional projection effect of the arc top plate, the air permeability rate is still insufficient. The structure only has a wave-blocking structure on the upper part of the beam. In order to meet the wave-blocking requirements, the Π-shaped wave-blocking structure and the beam need to be submerged in water. On the one hand, this causes the connection nodes between the upper prefabricated components and the pile foundation to be underwater, which greatly It increases the construction difficulty and construction cost of the structure. On the other hand, it also increases the overall material consumption of the structure and increases the project cost.

In addition to the above-mentioned problems, the structures of the above patents are relatively complex in form and difficult to implement in practice. In addition, the wave-blocking surface is mainly an upright body, and the wave force acts directly on the upright structure to form a bending effect on the cantilever structure, resulting in a very large bending moment internal force of the lower pile foundation. The pile diameter and number of piles need to be increased to accommodate the larger The cantilever bending moment directly leads to an increase in the project cost.

Contents of the invention

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fabricated permeable breakwater structure using a grid to eliminate waves, which can meet the air permeability requirements of permeable structures and ensure the structure's wave elimination effect, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fabricated permeable breakwater structure using a grille to eliminate waves, including a plurality of pile foundations, a plurality of beams, a plurality of first wave elimination grilles and a plurality of second wave elimination grilles. , the lower part of the pile foundation can be inserted and fixed below the original mud surface of the water bottom, the cross beams are fixed at intervals on the top of the pile foundation, the pile foundation forms a support for the cross beams, and the plurality of first wave elimination grids The grid arrangement is fixed on the connecting frame and forms a prefabricated whole with the connecting frame. A plurality of second wave elimination grids are fixed on the connecting frame; the connecting frame is fixed on the cross beam, and through the The cross beam is fixed on the top of the pile foundation, the first wave elimination grille is spliced on the cross beam to form a whole body with one or two inclined wave elimination slopes, and multiple pieces of the second wave elimination grille are fixed on the Below the beam, a plurality of second wave elimination grilles are spliced side by side to form a whole with a vertical wave elimination surface. Both the first wave elimination grille and the second wave elimination grille have porous structures on their surfaces. panel.

Optionally, the area of the hole located on one side of the panel is larger than the area of the hole located on the other side of the panel, wherein the rectangular hole on the inclined wave-absorbing slope is located on the inclined wave-absorbing slope. The hole area on the surface is larger than the hole area on the lower surface of the inclined wave-absorbing slope.

Optionally, the hole is a rectangular hole, and the cross-section of the rectangular hole is a trapezoid.

Optionally, the long side of the rectangular hole on the inclined wave-absorbing slope is consistent with the flow direction of the waves on the inclined wave-absorbing slope.

Optionally, multiple pieces of the first wave-absorbing grilles are spliced into a whole body with two symmetrically distributed inclined wave-absorbing slopes.

The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the slope-type wave elimination grille and the upright wave elimination grille are comprehensively utilized for wave elimination, and the phase difference between the two is used to form secondary wave elimination, which improves the efficiency of wave elimination. In order to improve the structural air permeability and wave elimination effect, the wave elimination fence panels are connected through the space frame structure to form a prefabricated wave elimination breakwater structure, which improves the stress state of the structure and reduces the project cost.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a side structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic side structural view of the second embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic front structural view of Figures 1 and 2;

In the picture: 1. The first wave elimination grille; 2. The second wave elimination grille; 3. Connection frame; 4. Beams; 5. Pile foundation; 6. Original mud surface.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and The simplified description is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.

Specific implementation method one:

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the present invention provides a fabricated permeable breakwater structure using a grid to eliminate waves, including a plurality of pile foundations 5, a plurality of beams 4 cast on site, and a plurality of first wave elimination grids. 1 and a plurality of second wave elimination grilles 2. The lower part of the pile foundation 5 is inserted below the original mud surface 6 fixed at the bottom of the water. The cross beams 4 are fixed on the top of the pile 5 foundation at intervals. The pile foundation 5 forms a support for the cross beam 4. A wave elimination grille 1 is laid out and fixed on the connection frame 3. The first wave elimination grille 1 and the connection frame 3 form a prefabricated whole. A plurality of second wave elimination grilles 2 are fixed on the connection frame 3. The second wave elimination grille 1 is fixed on the connection frame 3. The grille 2 can be set alone, or can be prefabricated and connected to the connecting frame 3. The above-mentioned prefabricated whole is fixed on the top of the pile foundation 5 through the cross beam 4 cast on site. Multiple pieces of the first wave elimination grille 1 are spliced on the cross beam 4 to form a A wave dissipation unit with an inclined wave dissipation slope, multiple second wave dissipation grilles 2 are spliced side by side under the beam 4 to form a wave dissipation unit with a vertical wave dissipation surface, the first wave dissipation grille 1 and the second wave dissipation grille 1 The grille 2 is a panel with a plurality of rectangular holes on the surface. The shape of the cross section of the holes on the grille can also be circular, square or other irregular shapes. The openings on the grille can be set to have holes with uniform inner walls, or can be set to have holes with different sizes on the inner walls, with the hole area on one side of the grille being larger than the area of the other side of the grille. The rectangular shape chosen in this embodiment is The holes are rectangular holes with different inner wall sizes. The cross-section of the rectangular hole is trapezoidal. The hole area of the rectangular hole located on the upper surface of the inclined wave-absorbing slope is larger. Setting the inner wall size of the hole to different sizes can further increase the resistance of waves when passing through the hole, thereby enhancing the wave elimination effect.

In the above structure, the rectangular holes on the inclined wave-absorbing slope are opened along the wave propagation direction. The size and spacing of the rectangular holes are comprehensively determined based on the air permeability, wave-absorbing effect and structural strength requirements. Usually, the wave physical model test is adopted. The wave elimination effect is determined by each parameter. A wave dissipation unit with an inclined wave dissipation slope composed of the first wave dissipation grille 1 and a wave dissipation unit composed of a vertical wave dissipation surface composed of the second wave dissipation grille 2 are fixed on the connecting frame 3. Together, It constitutes the main body of the prefabricated permeable breakwater structure that uses grids to eliminate waves. The main body of the wave elimination is fixed on the lower pile foundation 5 through the cross beam 4. The layout of the pile foundation 5 is comprehensively determined based on the design conditions and applicable requirements.

The pile foundation 5 can be made of reinforced concrete, steel structure or high-strength review materials. Reinforced concrete and high-strength review materials can be used for the remaining parts. When the remaining parts adopt a reinforced concrete structure, the main body of the wave elimination is integrally prefabricated and installed, and the beam 4 is cast in situ reinforced concrete. When the remaining parts are made of high-strength review materials, the main body of the wave elimination, the beam 4 and the pile foundation 5 can be connected by socket cementing or other methods.

The wave dissipation principle of the above structure is: (1) During the wave propagation process, when the wave crest surface reaches the breakwater structure, the first wave dissipation grid plate 1 with an inclined wave dissipation slope adopts the slope dike wave dissipation principle to guide the wave water body along the The inclined wave-dissipating slope climbs toward the top of the breakwater to prevent waves from propagating forward. During the climbing process, part of the water body falls through the rectangular hole on the first wave-dissipating grille 1. The falling water body passes through the first wave-dissipating grille after energy dissipation. The wave energy is further reduced, and the impact between the falling process and the water body below the still water surface further reduces the energy; (2) During the wave propagation process, when the wave trough reaches the breakwater structure, the lower second wave elimination grid plate 2 uses the grid The rectangular holes on the board are used to eliminate waves; (3) The rectangular holes with a trapezoidal cross-section form a channel that narrows from wide to further increase the wave elimination effect of the wave elimination grille.

Specific implementation method two:

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the wave elimination body has two symmetrical inclined wave elimination slopes.

The assembled permeable breakwater structure using grids to eliminate waves in the present invention has the following advantages over the existing technology:

(1) The present invention uses a grid-type wave-dissipating structure to realize the wave-dissipating function of the breakwater. The structure itself has a high air permeability and can still meet the requirements of an impermeable structure even when the relative water depth is small;

(2) The present invention integrates the wave elimination principles of slope embankment, wave elimination grille and pile foundation permeable breakwater. It ensures the wave prevention and wave elimination effect of the structure under the premise of high air permeability and reduces the amount of material. Reduce project costs;

(3) The inclined wave-absorbing grid is used to convert the horizontal wave force into a load perpendicular to the inclined wave-absorbing surface, converting part of the wave force into a beneficial stabilizing effect, and reducing the bending effect of the waves on the lower pile foundation. Improved the stress state of the structure and reduced the project cost;

(4) The wave elimination grille is connected by a fully permeable connection frame, which avoids the problem of low structural air permeability caused by the connection method of the previous structure through the deck plate or the hole wall, reduces the amount of material, and reduces the cost. The project cost was determined;

(5) The structure adopts the overall prefabricated installation and construction method, which has a high structural assembly rate, simple construction technology and fast construction speed.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the implementation scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A fabricated permeable breakwater structure using a grid to eliminate waves, which is characterized by: including a plurality of pile foundations, a plurality of beams, a plurality of first wave elimination grilles and a plurality of second wave elimination grilles, so The lower part of the pile foundation can be inserted and fixed below the original mud surface of the water bottom. The cross beams are fixed at intervals on the top of the pile foundation. The pile foundation forms a support for the cross beams. A plurality of the first wave elimination grids are laid out It is fixed on the connecting frame and forms a prefabricated whole with the connecting frame. A plurality of second wave elimination grilles are fixed on the connecting frame; the connecting frame is fixed on the cross beam and is fixed by the cross beam. On the top of the pile foundation, the first wave elimination grille is spliced on the cross beam to form a whole body with one or two inclined wave elimination slopes, and multiple pieces of the second wave elimination grille are fixed on the cross beam. Below, a plurality of second wave elimination grilles are spliced side by side to form a whole with a vertical wave elimination surface. Both the first wave elimination grille and the second wave elimination grille are panels with porous structures on the surface. . 2. The assembled permeable breakwater structure using a grid to eliminate waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hole area of the hole located on one side of the panel is larger than the hole area of the hole located on the other side of the panel, wherein The area of the rectangular hole on the inclined wave-absorbing slope surface located on the upper surface of the inclined wave-absorbing slope surface is greater than the hole area on the lower surface of the inclined wave-absorbing slope surface. 3. The assembled permeable breakwater structure using a grid to eliminate waves according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hole is a rectangular hole, and the cross-section of the rectangular hole is a trapezoid. 4. The assembled permeable breakwater structure using a grid to eliminate waves according to claim 3, characterized in that: the long side of the rectangular hole on the inclined wave elimination slope is in contact with the inclined wave elimination slope. The flow direction of the upper waves on this slope remains consistent. 5. The assembled permeable breakwater structure using a grille to eliminate waves according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: multiple pieces of the first wave elimination grilles are spliced into two symmetrically distributed The whole inclined wave-dissipating slope.