CN117100243B - Magnetic particle imaging system, method and equipment based on system matrix pixel compression - Google Patents
Magnetic particle imaging system, method and equipment based on system matrix pixel compression Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic particle imaging, in particular relates to a magnetic particle imaging system, a method and equipment based on system matrix pixel compression, and aims to solve the problems that a magnetic field free line magnetic particle imaging system based on the prior art is long in large-scale reconstruction time and the current method cannot compress pixel dimensions. The invention comprises the following steps: and screening the region of interest in the imaging visual field by utilizing the characteristics of the single-angle magnetic field free line magnetic particle imaging reconstruction result, and constructing a reconstruction algorithm to realize pixel compression of the imaging visual field. The invention overcomes the defect that pixel dimension compression cannot be realized in the current magnetic field free line magnetic particle imaging research to further reduce the system matrix scale and the reconstruction time, widens the advantages of a matrix reconstruction algorithm of a magnetic particle imaging system, realizes quick imaging, and ensures that the magnetic particle imaging has larger application potential in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic particle imaging, and particularly relates to a magnetic particle imaging system, a method and equipment based on system matrix pixel compression.
Background
Magnetic particle imaging (Magnetic Particle Imaging, MPI) is an emerging medical imaging method that uses static gradient fields to generate magnetic field free regions (Field Free Region, FFR) to spatially encode superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in space, and then superimposes dynamic drive field moving FFR to scan in the imaging field of view. By using the nonlinear response signals generated by exciting the magnetic particles scanned by FFR in the imaging field of view, accurate quantitative imaging of the magnetic particles in space can be realized. The FFR used in MPI mainly includes a Field Free Point (FFP) and a Field Free Line (FFL). Compared with the space coding mode of FFP, the coding mode based on FFL can excite more magnetic particles during scanning, generate signals with higher signal-to-noise ratio, and is favorable for high-quality image reconstruction. In the MPI reconstruction based on the magnetic field free line, two methods of filtered back projection and system matrix reconstruction are often used, and the system matrix is obtained by actual measurement and contains complex system, magnetic particles and other characteristics which are difficult to model, so that the quality of the reconstruction result based on the system matrix is higher.
In the reconstruction method based on the system matrix, the imaging view field is first required to be discretized, and the system matrix is constructed by utilizing small-size samples to scan point by point. And (3) reversely solving the distribution of the magnetic particles in the space by utilizing the linear mapping relation between the system matrix and the measured object. However, since the encoding method of the magnetic field free line cannot perform position decoding on the magnetic particles in the direction along the magnetic field free line, in practice, measurement of a plurality of angle magnetic field free lines is required to achieve position decoding of the magnetic particles. Accordingly, in the system matrix reconstruction method, the system matrix for measuring a plurality of angles is used after being spliced.
The more the angle of the selected free line of the magnetic field is, the finer the acquisition of magnetic particle information in the field of view is, and the better the quality of the final reconstruction is, but the size of the system matrix formed by splicing is increased, so that the calculation time required during reconstruction is greatly increased, and the compression of the system matrix is necessary. The rows of the system matrix correspond to the number of frequency points used, and the columns correspond to the number of pixel points after discretization of the imaging visual field. The more useful frequency points are used, the better the reconstruction result will be, the finer the imaging field of view is discrete (the more pixels in the corresponding system matrix are), and the finer the reconnection result will be. Although the reconstruction algorithm based on the system matrix is more accurate, the larger the scale of the system matrix is, the longer the time-consuming to solve will be, and therefore the compression of the system matrix is very important.
Since the response signal of the magnetic particles is closely related to the applied external excitation magnetic field, reflected in the frequency spectrum, there is a signal of high signal-to-noise ratio only in the vicinity of the excitation frequency, so that there is a high redundancy in the whole frequency spectrum. Based on this feature, existing research has focused on designing different criteria to extract useful bins of high signal-to-noise ratio to reduce the bin dimensions of the system matrix.
The pixel dimension can also be large when using a large field of view of a fine system matrix. On the other hand, since magnetic particle imaging does not display structural information, only the spatial distribution of magnetic particles is displayed, and generally reconstructed images have a high degree of sparsity, there are also many redundancies in the pixel dimension. But current methods cannot compress the pixel dimensions of the system matrix for this redundancy.
Based on the above, the invention provides a magnetic particle imaging system, a method and equipment based on system matrix pixel compression.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, namely the problem that the pixel dimension compression cannot be realized in the current magnetic example imaging research based on the magnetic field free line, the invention provides a magnetic particle imaging system, a method and equipment based on the system matrix pixel compression.
In one aspect of the invention, a magnetic particle imaging system based on system matrix pixel compression is provided, and comprises magnetic particle imaging equipment based on magnetic field free lines, a target to be reconstructed, a small-size imitation body, a signal processor and a control processor;
the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, the signal processor and the control processor are respectively in communication connection in a cable or wireless mode;
The control processor generates the scanning parameters of the detected object of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line and sets the parameters of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line through cables or wireless communication;
the target to be rebuilt is arranged in the imaging visual field center of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, the target to be rebuilt is scanned from an initial angle by using the magnetic field free line based on the scanning parameters of the measured object, a response signal of the initial angle is obtained, and the response signal is sent to the signal processor through a cable or wireless communication;
the small-size imitation body is arranged in a scanning area of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, when the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line receives a scanning instruction sent by the control processor, the small-size imitation body is scanned pixel by angle according to the system matrix measuring angle sequence by combining system matrix scanning parameters and the scanning parameters of the measured object to obtain a system matrix under each angle, and the system matrix is sent to the control processor; the system matrix scanning parameters comprise imaging field discrete line numbers, discrete column numbers, a system matrix measurement angle sequence, a magnetic field free line initial angle and an initial region of interest; the measured object scanning parameters comprise initial angles of magnetic field free lines and rotation times of the magnetic field free lines;
The signal processor comprises a region of interest extraction module, an adjustment module and a circulation module;
the region of interest extraction module is used for extracting a single-angle system matrix under a corresponding angle by combining the response signals of the initial angles, and reconstructing a magnetic particle image under the single angle; screening the magnetic particle images under the single angle according to the gray value to obtain a region of interest under the corresponding angle;
the adjusting module is used for re-acquiring a response signal of the initial angle obtained by re-scanning the target to be rebuilt by the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line after adjusting the initial angle of the magnetic field free line, and skipping the region-of-interest acquiring unit; wherein the angle after the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted is included in the system matrix measurement angle;
the circulation module is used for circularly executing the adjusting unit until the adjusting times are equal to the rotation times of the magnetic field free line in the scanning parameters of the measured object, and sending all the acquired interested areas to the control processor;
the control processor comprises a pixel compression module and an image reconstruction and display module;
the pixel compression module is used for combining a plurality of single-angle system matrixes according to the rotation angle of the magnetic field free line, and compressing the combined system matrixes in pixel dimension according to the overall region of interest to obtain a pixel compressed system matrix;
The image reconstruction and display module is used for reconstructing a magnetic particle image in the region of interest according to the pixel compressed system matrix and the response signal of the target to be reconstructed, so as to obtain a finally reconstructed magnetic particle image; the overall region of interest is an intersection of regions of interest at a plurality of single angles.
In some preferred embodiments, the magnetic field free line-based magnetic particle imaging apparatus scans the object to be reconstructed based on an excitation module for exciting magnetic particles in an imaging field of view to generate a nonlinear response signal;
the magnetic field free line is generated based on the gradient module and drives the permanent magnet or the electromagnet to rotate in an electric control or mechanical rotation mode, so that the magnetic field free line is driven to rotate and is used for realizing the space decoding of magnetic particles in reconstruction;
the response signal of the initial angle is generated based on a receiving module, and the receiving module is used for detecting the nonlinear response signal of the magnetic particles so as to obtain the response signal of the initial angle.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a magnetic particle imaging method based on system matrix pixel compression is provided, and a magnetic particle imaging system based on system matrix pixel compression is provided, the method comprising the following steps:
Step S10, acquiring system matrix scanning parameters and measured object scanning parameters of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free lines; the system matrix scanning parameters comprise imaging field discrete line numbers, discrete column numbers, a system matrix measurement angle sequence, a magnetic field free line initial angle and an initial region of interest; the measured object scanning parameters comprise initial angles of magnetic field free lines and rotation times of the magnetic field free lines;
step S20, scanning the small-size imitation body according to the system matrix scanning parameters and the system matrix measuring angle sequence, angle by angle and pixel by pixel to obtain a system matrix under each angle and store the system matrix;
step S30, moving the target to be rebuilt to the imaging field center of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, scanning the target to be rebuilt from an initial angle by using the magnetic field free line based on the scanning parameters of the measured object to obtain a response signal of the initial angle, extracting a single-angle system matrix under the corresponding angle, and rebuilding a magnetic particle image under the single angle;
step S40, screening the magnetic particle images under the single angle according to the gray value to obtain a region of interest under the corresponding angle;
Step S50, after the initial angle of the magnetic field free line is adjusted, jumping to step S30, and repeatedly executing step S30-step S50 until the adjusted times are equal to the rotation times of the magnetic field free line in the scanning parameters of the measured object, and jumping to step S60; wherein the angle after the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted is included in the system matrix measurement angle;
step S60, combining a plurality of single-angle system matrixes according to the rotation angle of the magnetic field free line, and compressing the combined system matrixes in pixel dimension according to the overall region of interest to obtain a pixel compressed system matrix; performing magnetic particle image reconstruction in the region of interest according to the pixel compressed system matrix and the response signal of the target to be reconstructed to obtain a final reconstructed magnetic particle image; the overall region of interest is an intersection of regions of interest at a plurality of single angles.
In some preferred embodiments, the magnetic field free line-based magnetic particle imaging apparatus comprises any one of open, closed bore, or single sided.
In some preferred embodiments, the initial angle of the magnetic field free line is 0 °, and the rotation of the magnetic field free line is controlled by the gradient module and the adjustment module.
In some preferred embodiments, the magnetic particle image at a single angleThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein r is a subscript, indicating the measurement taken after the r-th rotation,representing a single angle system matrix,/->Frequency points representing use, +.>Representing the number of pixels imaged discrete, +.>Is the total rotation times; />Representing reconstructed image vectors at a single angle; />Representing the measured object signal at a single angle.
In some preferred embodiments, the initial angle of the magnetic field free line is adjusted by:
taking a region of interest obtained by scanning the magnetic field free line under an initial angle as the initial region of interest, calculating the length of the initial region of interest in each angle direction corresponding to a system matrix measurement angle sequence, and selecting an angle corresponding to the longest length as a first angle;
the angle of the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted to an angle perpendicular to the first angle.
In some preferred embodimentsIn the region of interestThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
；
where red is a subscript, representing the signal after pixel compression processing,；/>frequency points representing use, +.>Representing the compressed pixel +. >Is the total rotation times; />Representing the measured object signal. Wherein (1)>And->Frequency point dimension of->。
In a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, including:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to at least one of the processors; wherein,
the memory stores instructions executable by the processor for execution by the processor to implement the magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression described above.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer readable storage medium is provided, which stores computer instructions for execution by the computer to implement the magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the priori knowledge of the imaging characteristics of the single-angle magnetic field free line is utilized, the interested pixel range can be compressed, the image reconstruction speed is effectively improved, meanwhile, the noise of irrelevant pixel points is restrained, the quality of reconstructed images is simply and efficiently improved, and a new thought is provided for rapid high-quality imaging of magnetic particles based on the magnetic field free line;
The region of interest screening is synchronously performed in the measuring process, and compared with the solution after the splicing of a plurality of angles, the system matrix solution of a single angle does not consume excessive time. MPI itself does not provide structural information, so in actual measurement, the image is often highly sparse, so that a lot of pixel redundancy exists, and the advantages of the invention are reflected. And the linear equation is solved in the region of interest, so that the interference of redundant points is eliminated, and better image quality can be obtained.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic particle imaging system of magnetic field free lines of a magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotation pattern of the magnetic field free lines of the magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the discretization of the imaging field of view of the magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a region of interest and reconstruction of a magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a reconstructed image versus an original image of a magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a reconstructed image based on a systematic matrix pixel compressed magnetic particle imaging method of the present invention in comparison with raw image data;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a computer system for a server implementing embodiments of the methods, systems, and apparatus of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
In a first embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, a magnetic particle imaging system based on system matrix pixel compression is proposed, the magnetic particle imaging system includes a magnetic particle imaging device based on magnetic field free lines, an object to be reconstructed, a small-sized dummy, a signal processor, and a control processor;
The magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, the signal processor and the control processor are respectively in communication connection in a cable or wireless mode;
the control processor generates the scanning parameters of the detected object of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line and sets the parameters of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line through cables or wireless communication;
the target to be rebuilt is arranged in the imaging visual field center of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, the target to be rebuilt is scanned from an initial angle by using the magnetic field free line based on the scanning parameters of the measured object, a response signal of the initial angle is obtained, and the response signal is sent to the signal processor through a cable or wireless communication;
the small-size imitation body is arranged in a scanning area of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, when the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line receives a scanning instruction sent by the control processor, the small-size imitation body is scanned pixel by angle according to the system matrix measuring angle sequence by combining system matrix scanning parameters and the scanning parameters of the measured object to obtain a system matrix under each angle, and the system matrix is sent to the control processor; the system matrix scanning parameters comprise imaging field discrete line numbers, discrete column numbers, a system matrix measurement angle sequence, a magnetic field free line initial angle and an initial region of interest; the measured object scanning parameters comprise initial angles of magnetic field free lines and rotation times of the magnetic field free lines;
The signal processor comprises a region of interest extraction module, an adjustment module and a circulation module;
the region of interest extraction module is used for extracting a single-angle system matrix under a corresponding angle by combining the response signals of the initial angles, and reconstructing a magnetic particle image under the single angle; screening the magnetic particle images under the single angle according to the gray value to obtain a region of interest under the corresponding angle;
the adjusting module is used for re-acquiring a response signal of the initial angle obtained by re-scanning the target to be rebuilt by the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line after adjusting the initial angle of the magnetic field free line, and skipping the region-of-interest acquiring unit; wherein the angle after the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted is included in the system matrix measurement angle;
the circulation module is used for circularly executing the adjusting unit until the adjusting times are equal to the rotation times of the magnetic field free line in the scanning parameters of the measured object, and sending all the acquired interested areas to the control processor;
the control processor comprises a pixel compression module and an image reconstruction and display module;
the pixel compression module is used for combining a plurality of single-angle system matrixes according to the rotation angle of the magnetic field free line, and compressing the combined system matrixes in pixel dimension according to the overall region of interest to obtain a pixel compressed system matrix;
The image reconstruction and display module is used for reconstructing a magnetic particle image in the region of interest according to the pixel compressed system matrix and the response signal of the target to be reconstructed, so as to obtain a finally reconstructed magnetic particle image; the overall region of interest is an intersection of regions of interest at a plurality of single angles.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3, the magnetic particle imaging device based on the magnetic field free line scans the target to be reconstructed based on an excitation module, wherein the excitation module is used for exciting magnetic particles in an imaging field to generate a nonlinear response signal;
the magnetic field free line is generated based on the gradient module and drives the permanent magnet or the electromagnet to rotate in an electric control or mechanical rotation mode, so that the magnetic field free line is driven to rotate and is used for realizing the space decoding of magnetic particles in reconstruction;
the response signal of the initial angle is generated based on a receiving module, and the receiving module is used for detecting the nonlinear response signal of the magnetic particles so as to obtain the response signal of the initial angle.
The excitation module comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier, a band-pass filter and a resonance circuit;
the signal generator is used for generating an excitation signal and inputting the excitation signal into the power amplifier for signal amplification, inputting the amplified excitation signal into the band-pass filter for band-pass filtering, inputting the band-pass filtered excitation signal into the resonant circuit for load reduction, and inputting the excitation signal passing through the resonant circuit into an excitation coil of the magnetic particle imaging device based on the magnetic field free line;
The receiving module comprises a low-pass filter, a notch filter and a low-noise amplifier;
the magnetic particle imaging device based on the magnetic field free line inputs the single scanning particle signal into the low-pass filter to carry out low-pass filtering, the particle signal after the low-pass filtering is input into the notch filter to carry out notch filtering, the particle signal after the notch filtering is input into the low-noise amplifier to carry out signal amplification, and the particle signal after the signal amplification is input into the region-of-interest extraction and pixel compression module. The particle signal is a response signal.
The second embodiment of the invention provides a magnetic particle imaging method based on system matrix pixel compression, and the magnetic particle imaging system based on the system matrix pixel compression of the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
step S10, acquiring system matrix scanning parameters and measured object scanning parameters of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free lines; the system matrix scanning parameters comprise imaging field discrete line numbers, discrete column numbers, a system matrix measurement angle sequence, a magnetic field free line initial angle and an initial region of interest; the measured object scanning parameters comprise initial angles of magnetic field free lines and rotation times of the magnetic field free lines;
Step S20, scanning the small-size imitation body according to the system matrix scanning parameters and the system matrix measuring angle sequence, angle by angle and pixel by pixel to obtain a system matrix under each angle and store the system matrix;
step S30, moving the target to be rebuilt to the imaging field center of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, scanning the target to be rebuilt from an initial angle by using the magnetic field free line based on the scanning parameters of the measured object to obtain a response signal of the initial angle, extracting a single-angle system matrix under the corresponding angle, and rebuilding a magnetic particle image under the single angle;
step S40, screening the magnetic particle images under the single angle according to the gray value to obtain a region of interest under the corresponding angle;
step S50, after the initial angle of the magnetic field free line is adjusted, jumping to step S30, and repeatedly executing step S30-step S50 until the adjusted times are equal to the rotation times of the magnetic field free line in the scanning parameters of the measured object, and jumping to step S60; wherein the angle after the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted is included in the system matrix measurement angle;
step S60, combining a plurality of single-angle system matrixes according to the rotation angle of the magnetic field free line, and compressing the combined system matrixes in pixel dimension according to the overall region of interest to obtain a pixel compressed system matrix; performing magnetic particle image reconstruction in the region of interest according to the pixel compressed system matrix and the response signal of the target to be reconstructed to obtain a final reconstructed magnetic particle image; the overall region of interest is an intersection of regions of interest at a plurality of single angles.
In order to more clearly describe a magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression of the present invention, the following steps in the embodiment of the present invention are described in detail with reference to fig. 1, where the following steps are described in detail:
before step S10, the invention further comprises the step of constructing magnetic particle imaging equipment based on magnetic field free lines, and the method provided by the invention can be applied to FFL-MPI imaging equipment in three forms of an open type, a closed type and a single side type, and the equipment is schematically shown in figure 2. The different types of MPI apparatus each comprise a gradient generation module 1 for generating magnetic field free lines; a driving module 2 for generating a dynamic excitation field and a scanning field in space and driving free lines of a magnetic field to scan in an imaging field of view; and the receiving module 3 is used for receiving nonlinear response signals generated by exciting the particles in the dynamic field.
Step S10, acquiring system matrix scanning parameters and measured object scanning parameters of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free lines; the system matrix scanning parameters comprise imaging field discrete line numbers, discrete column numbers, a system matrix measurement angle sequence, a magnetic field free line initial angle and an initial region of interest; the measured object scanning parameters comprise initial angles of magnetic field free lines and rotation times of the magnetic field free lines;
For FFL-MPI reconstruction based on a system matrix, a plurality of scans of angular magnetic field free lines are required to ensure the quality of the reconstructed image. Therefore, the initial angle of the free line of the magnetic field needs to be determined before scanningEvery rotation angle>Number of rotations R. Wherein the initial angle of the free line of the magnetic field +.>Typically set at 0 degrees, the rotation of the free lines of the magnetic field is controlled by the gradient module and the adjustment module.
The rows of the system matrix represent the frequency dimension and represent the useful frequency points in the magnetic particle response signals; columns are pixel dimensions representing discrete pixel points of the imaging field of view. Therefore, according to imaging requirements, the number of discrete lines of imaging field before scanning is required to be determinedAnd discrete column number->The dispersion of the imaging field of view is shown in fig. 4.
Step S20, scanning the small-size imitation body according to the system matrix scanning parameters and the system matrix measuring angle sequence, angle by angle and pixel by pixel to obtain a system matrix under each angle and store the system matrix;
in the invention, the system matrix in the field of view is measured at each angleComplete system matrix->。
Wherein,frequency points representing use, +.>Representing the number of pixels imaged discrete, +.>For total number of rotations, +.>Representing a complex set; / >Representing the discrete number of rows; />Representing the discrete number of rows.
Step S30, moving the target to be rebuilt to the imaging field center of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, scanning the target to be rebuilt from an initial angle by using the magnetic field free line based on the scanning parameters of the measured object to obtain a response signal of the initial angle, extracting a single-angle system matrix under the corresponding angle, and rebuilding a magnetic particle image under the single angle;
the response signals of a plurality of single angles in the invention are；
Magnetic particle image at single angle as described in the present inventionThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein r is a subscript, indicating the measurement taken after the r-th rotation,representing a single angle system matrix,/->Frequency points representing use, +.>Representing the number of pixels imaged discrete, +.>Is the total rotation times; />Representing reconstructed image vectors at a single angle; />Representing the measured object signal at a single angle.
Step S40, screening the magnetic particle images under the single angle according to the gray value to obtain a region of interest under the corresponding angle;
in the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, when imaging is performed at each angle, if magnetic particles exist on the free line of the magnetic field, the reconstructed result seed will show gray values on the whole line. Therefore, the gray value display in single-angle imaging can be considered as the region of interest, and the rest pixel points can be considered as redundant pixels which do not contribute to imaging, so that the pixels can be deleted.
In fig. 5, an "H" shape is a straight line which is a free line of a magnetic field, and an arrow indicates a scanning direction; the left graph shows the free line scanning imaging effect of the single-angle magnetic field; the right graph is the region of interest combination result.
The region of interestThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
；
where red is a subscript, representing the signal after pixel compression processing,；/>frequency points representing use, +.>Representing the compressed pixel +.>Is the total rotation times; />Representing the measured object signal. Wherein (1)>And->Frequency point dimension of->。
Wherein the region of interestAnd can also be understood as reconstructed image vectors of the region of interest.
In which in a single angle based free line scan of the magnetic field, if the pixels along the free line direction of the magnetic field have no magnetic particles present, the gray value of the reconstructed image along the free line direction of the magnetic field will also be 0. Accordingly, pixels with gray values of 0 in the single-angle reconstructed image can be screened out as redundant pixels, and pixels with gray values greater than 0 are considered as possible distribution areas of magnetic particles, namely the areas of interest.
Step S50, after the initial angle of the magnetic field free line is adjusted, jumping to step S30, and repeatedly executing step S30-step S50 until the adjusted times are equal to the rotation times of the magnetic field free line in the scanning parameters of the measured object, and jumping to step S60; wherein the angle after the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted is included in the system matrix measurement angle;
In the invention, the initial angle of the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted, and the method comprises the following steps:
taking a region of interest obtained by scanning the magnetic field free line under an initial angle as the initial region of interest, calculating the length of the initial region of interest in each angle direction corresponding to a system matrix measurement angle sequence, and selecting an angle corresponding to the longest length as a first angle;
the angle of the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted to an angle perpendicular to the first angle.
Among them, the free line angle rotation sequence of the magnetic field under current study is typically a uniform angle rotation, a random angle rotation or a golden angle rotation. If an existing rotation sequence is used in the present study, an insufficient compression of the region of interest may result in a limited number of rotations. Therefore, the invention provides a self-adaptive angle selection method, and combines a gradient generation module to realize the self-adaptive angle selection method and a rotation module.
The method aims at screening out the region of interest most quickly, and can realize the maximum compression of the pixel dimension even under the condition of a small rotation angle.
Firstly, an initial region of interest is obtained through initial magnetic field free line angle scanning (the initial angle is set to be 0), the length of a system matrix measurement angle sequence corresponding to each angle direction is calculated for the initial region of interest, the longest angle is selected, and the possible pixel redundancy in the direction is considered to be the largest. The next scan is performed with the free line of the magnetic field perpendicular to the maximum redundant angle until a set number of rotations is reached (the process does not repeat the scan for the same angle).
After the next scanning angle is screened out each time, the scanning angle is fed back to the controller, and the controller controls the gradient module to realize the movement of the free line of the magnetic field. For equipment capable of rotating the magnetic field free line by an electric control method, controlling the direct current of each gradient coil to realize the rotation of the magnetic field free line; for the equipment using a mechanical rotation mode to rotate the magnetic field free line, the rotating table is controlled to move, so that the magnetic field free line is rotated.
Step S60, combining a plurality of single-angle system matrixes according to the rotation angle of the magnetic field free line, and compressing the combined system matrixes in pixel dimension according to the overall region of interest to obtain a pixel compressed system matrix; performing magnetic particle image reconstruction in the region of interest according to the pixel compressed system matrix and the response signal of the target to be reconstructed to obtain a final reconstructed magnetic particle image; the overall region of interest is an intersection of regions of interest at a plurality of single angles.
Wherein the system matrix of pixel compressionResponse signal of the object to be reconstructed +.>Magnetic particle distribution in the field of view>The linear mapping relation is satisfied:
。
wherein, the system matrix pixel dimension M can be compressed into the following by combining the information of the single-angle reconstructed image with a plurality of angles Since the magnetic particle image usually has sparsity, +.>The reconstruction time will be reduced in the reconstruction. Meanwhile, the interference of redundant pixels in solving is reduced, so that the quality of a reconstructed image is improved.
Referring to fig. 7, the system matrix after pixel reduction is smaller in scale, so that the reconstruction speed is faster, and because interference caused by irrelevant pixel points is eliminated in the solving process after the interested region is screened, the noise of the solving result is smaller, and the quality of the final reconstructed image is higher (evaluated by structural similarity SSIM, peak signal to noise ratio PSNR and mean square error MSE index), as shown in fig. 6, the left graph is a true value in fig. 6; the middle graph is a complete system matrix; the right figure is a pixel compression system matrix.
The object to be measured in the invention is the target to be reconstructed.
Wherein "magnetic particle image reconstruction within the region of interest" is to perform magnetic particle image reconstruction within the overall region of interest.
In this embodiment, the setting is in this experiment= 0、∆θ=18、R=10。
An electronic device of a third embodiment of the present invention includes:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to at least one of the processors; wherein,
The memory stores instructions executable by the processor for execution by the processor to implement the magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression described above.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for execution by the computer to implement the magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression described above.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the storage device and the processing device described above and the related description may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative modules, method steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the program(s) corresponding to the software modules, method steps, may be embodied in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as electronic hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality using different approaches for each particular application, but such implementation is not intended to be limiting.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown a block diagram of a computer system for a server implementing embodiments of the methods, systems, and apparatus of the present application. The server illustrated in fig. 8 is merely an example, and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments herein.
As shown in fig. 8, the computer system includes a central processing unit (CPU, central Processing Unit) 801 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 802 or a program loaded from a storage section 808 into a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory) 803. In the RAM803, various programs and data required for system operation are also stored. The CPU 801, ROM 802, and RAM803 are connected to each other by a bus 804. An Input/Output (I/O) interface 805 is also connected to bus 804.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 805: an input portion 806 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output portion 807 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD, liquid Crystal Display), and the like, and a speaker, and the like; a storage section 808 including a hard disk or the like; and a communication section 809 including a network interface card such as a LAN (local area network ) card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 809 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drive 810 is also connected to the I/O interface 805 as needed. A removable medium 811 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 810 as needed so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted into the storage section 808 as needed.
In particular, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the processes described above with reference to flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method shown in the flowcharts. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication section 809, and/or installed from the removable media 811. The above-described functions defined in the method of the present application are performed when the computer program is executed by a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 801. It should be noted that the computer readable medium described in the present application may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present application, however, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, with computer-readable program code embodied therein. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, fiber optic cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present application may be written in one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, smalltalk, C ++ and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The magnetic particle imaging system based on system matrix pixel compression is characterized by comprising magnetic particle imaging equipment based on magnetic field free lines, an object to be reconstructed, a small-size imitation body, a signal processor and a control processor;
The magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, the signal processor and the control processor are respectively in communication connection in a cable or wireless mode;
the control processor generates the scanning parameters of the detected object of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line and sets the parameters of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line through cables or wireless communication;
the target to be rebuilt is arranged in the imaging visual field center of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, the target to be rebuilt is scanned from an initial angle by using the magnetic field free line based on the scanning parameters of the measured object, a response signal of the initial angle is obtained, and the response signal is sent to the signal processor through a cable or wireless communication;
the small-size imitation body is arranged in a scanning area of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, when the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line receives a scanning instruction sent by the control processor, the small-size imitation body is scanned by combining a system matrix scanning parameter and a measured object scanning parameter according to a system matrix measuring angle sequence, each pixel is scanned by each angle to obtain a system matrix under each angle, and the control processor is sent; the system matrix scanning parameters comprise imaging field discrete line numbers, discrete column numbers, a system matrix measurement angle sequence, a magnetic field free line initial angle and an initial region of interest; the measured object scanning parameters comprise initial angles of magnetic field free lines and rotation times of the magnetic field free lines;
The signal processor comprises a region of interest extraction module, an adjustment module and a circulation module;
the region of interest extraction module is used for extracting a single-angle system matrix under a corresponding angle by combining the response signals of the initial angles, and reconstructing a magnetic particle image under the single angle; screening the magnetic particle images under the single angle according to the gray value to obtain a region of interest under the corresponding angle;
the adjusting module is used for acquiring response signals of the initial angle obtained by rescanning the target to be rebuilt by the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line after adjusting the initial angle of the magnetic field free line, and skipping the region of interest extracting module; wherein the angle after the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted is included in the system matrix measurement angle;
the initial angle of the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted, and the method comprises the following steps:
taking a region of interest obtained by scanning the magnetic field free line under an initial angle as the initial region of interest, calculating the length of the initial region of interest in each angle direction corresponding to a system matrix measurement angle sequence, and selecting an angle corresponding to the longest length as a first angle;
Adjusting the angle of the magnetic field free line to an angle perpendicular to the first angle;
the circulation module is used for circularly executing the adjustment module until the adjustment times are equal to the rotation times of the magnetic field free line in the scanning parameters of the measured object, and sending all the acquired interested areas to the control processor;
the control processor comprises a pixel compression module and an image reconstruction and display module;
the pixel compression module is used for combining a plurality of single-angle system matrixes according to the rotation angle of the magnetic field free line, and compressing the combined system matrixes in pixel dimension according to the overall region of interest to obtain a pixel compressed system matrix;
the image reconstruction and display module is used for reconstructing a magnetic particle image in the region of interest according to the pixel compressed system matrix and the response signal of the target to be reconstructed, so as to obtain a finally reconstructed magnetic particle image; the overall region of interest is an intersection of regions of interest at a plurality of single angles.
2. The system matrix pixel compression based magnetic particle imaging system of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field free line based magnetic particle imaging device scans the target to be reconstructed based on an excitation module for exciting magnetic particles in an imaging field of view to generate a nonlinear response signal;
The magnetic field free line is generated based on the gradient module and drives the permanent magnet or the electromagnet to rotate in an electric control or mechanical rotation mode, so that the magnetic field free line is driven to rotate and is used for realizing the space decoding of magnetic particles in reconstruction;
the response signal of the initial angle is generated based on a receiving module, and the receiving module is used for detecting the nonlinear response signal of the magnetic particles so as to obtain the response signal of the initial angle.
3. A method of magnetic particle imaging based on systematic matrix pixel compression, characterized in that it is based on a systematic matrix pixel compression based magnetic particle imaging system according to any one of claims 1 or 2, said method comprising the steps of:
step S10, acquiring system matrix scanning parameters and measured object scanning parameters of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free lines; the system matrix scanning parameters comprise imaging field discrete line numbers, discrete column numbers, a system matrix measurement angle sequence, a magnetic field free line initial angle and an initial region of interest; the measured object scanning parameters comprise initial angles of magnetic field free lines and rotation times of the magnetic field free lines;
step S20, scanning the small-size imitation body according to the system matrix scanning parameters and the system matrix measuring angle sequence, angle by angle and pixel by pixel to obtain a system matrix under each angle and store the system matrix;
Step S30, moving the target to be rebuilt to the imaging field center of the magnetic particle imaging equipment based on the magnetic field free line, scanning the target to be rebuilt from an initial angle by using the magnetic field free line based on the scanning parameters of the measured object to obtain a response signal of the initial angle, extracting a single-angle system matrix under the corresponding angle, and rebuilding a magnetic particle image under the single angle;
step S40, screening the magnetic particle images under the single angle according to the gray value to obtain a region of interest under the corresponding angle;
step S50, after the initial angle of the magnetic field free line is adjusted, jumping to step S30, and repeatedly executing step S30-step S50 until the adjusted times are equal to the rotation times of the magnetic field free line in the scanning parameters of the measured object, and jumping to step S60; wherein the angle after the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted is included in the system matrix measurement angle;
the initial angle of the free line of the magnetic field is adjusted, and the method comprises the following steps:
taking a region of interest obtained by scanning the magnetic field free line under an initial angle as the initial region of interest, calculating the length of the initial region of interest in each angle direction corresponding to a system matrix measurement angle sequence, and selecting an angle corresponding to the longest length as a first angle;
Adjusting the angle of the magnetic field free line to an angle perpendicular to the first angle;
step S60, combining a plurality of single-angle system matrixes according to the rotation angle of the magnetic field free line, and compressing the combined system matrixes in pixel dimension according to the overall region of interest to obtain a pixel compressed system matrix; performing magnetic particle image reconstruction in the region of interest according to the pixel compressed system matrix and the response signal of the target to be reconstructed to obtain a final reconstructed magnetic particle image; the overall region of interest is an intersection of regions of interest at a plurality of single angles.
4. A system matrix pixel compression based magnetic particle imaging method according to claim 3, wherein the magnetic field free line based magnetic particle imaging device comprises any one of open, closed bore or single sided.
5. A system matrix pixel compression based magnetic particle imaging method according to claim 3, wherein the initial angle of the magnetic field free lines is 0 °, the rotation of the magnetic field free lines being controlled by a gradient module and the adjustment module.
6. A magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression as claimed in claim 3, wherein the magnetic particle image at a single angle The acquisition method comprises the following steps:
；
wherein r is a subscript, indicating the measurement taken after the r-th rotation,representing a single angle system matrix,/->Frequency points representing use, +.>Representing the number of pixels imaged discrete, +.>Is the total rotation times; />Representing reconstructed image vectors at a single angle; />Representing the measured object signal at a single angle.
7. A magnetic particle imaging method based on systematic matrix pixel compression as claimed in claim 3, wherein the region of interestThe acquisition method comprises the following steps:
；
where red is a subscript, representing the signal after pixel compression processing,；/>the frequency points used are indicated to be used,representing the compressed pixel +.>Is the total rotation times; />Representing the measured object signal; wherein (1)>And (3) withFrequency point dimension of->。
8. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to at least one of the processors; wherein,
the memory stores instructions executable by the processor for execution by the processor to implement the system matrix pixel compression based magnetic particle imaging method of any one of claims 3-7.
9. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions for execution by the computer to implement the system matrix pixel compression based magnetic particle imaging method of any one of claims 3-7.
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