CN117088648A - Wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117088648A CN117088648A CN202311097423.5A CN202311097423A CN117088648A CN 117088648 A CN117088648 A CN 117088648A CN 202311097423 A CN202311097423 A CN 202311097423A CN 117088648 A CN117088648 A CN 117088648A
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- wet
- parts
- mixed mortar
- water
- water retention
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-hexadecylthiophene-2-carbohydrazide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNNC(=O)c1cccs1 HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYXDHSFJQDZLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(octadecylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O VYXDHSFJQDZLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004227 calcium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 sodium fatty alcohol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- DGVVJWXRCWCCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 DGVVJWXRCWCCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;n-[5-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylphenyl]sulfonylacetamide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011404 masonry cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/46—Water-loss or fluid-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents, water retention agents
- C04B2103/465—Water-sorbing agents, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wet-mixed mortar, and provides wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wet-mixed mortar comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of cement, 780-840 parts of sand, 20-40 parts of fly ash, 10-15 parts of redispersible emulsion powder, 8-12 parts of water-retaining composition, 3-5 parts of retarder, 1-2 parts of water reducer and 80-100 parts of water; the water-retaining composition consists of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, a surfactant and N, N-stearyl phthalate amide. Through the technical scheme, the problem that wet-mixed mortar in the prior art is low in water retention rate and compressive strength is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wet-mixed mortar, in particular to wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Mortar is divided into on-site stirring mortar and ready-mixed mortar according to different manufacturing modes, and in order to ensure the quality of masonry engineering, the ready-mixed mortar is popularized and applied in most areas at present. Ready-mixed mortar refers to various mortar materials produced by professional production plants and used in construction engineering, including wet-mixed mortar and dry-mixed mortar. The wet-mixed mortar is prepared from cement, aggregate, admixture, additive, water and the like according to a certain proportion, and is transported to a use place for use after being metered and stirred at a stirring station.
Along with popularization of wet-mixed mortar, the wet-mixed mortar is increasingly used in the masonry process, but the mixture of the wet-mixed mortar generally has the problem of poor water retention, bleeding, slurry flowing and the like are easy to occur in the use process, so that the mechanical property of the wet-mixed mortar is reduced, and the workability of the wet-mixed mortar is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of low water retention rate and low compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar in the related technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the wet-mixed mortar with good water retention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of cement, 780-840 parts of sand, 20-40 parts of fly ash, 10-15 parts of redispersible emulsion powder, 8-12 parts of water-retaining composition, 3-5 parts of retarder, 1-2 parts of water reducer and 80-100 parts of water; the water-retaining composition consists of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, a surfactant and N, N-stearyl phthalate amide.
As a further technical scheme, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether is of the type HPMC-15 and is purchased from Shanghai Chen Yi Xie Chen Ji Chen Jie Co.
As a further technical solution, the sum of the mass of the surfactant and the mass of the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 20-40 wt% of the water-retaining composition.
As a further technical scheme, the mass ratio of the surfactant to the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 1-3:1.
As a further technical scheme, the surfactant comprises one of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and sodium laurylsulfate.
As a further technical scheme, the water-retaining composition consists of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, sodium lauryl sulfate and N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide.
As a further technical scheme, the mass ratio of the sodium lauryl sulfate to the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 2:1.
As a further technical scheme, the redispersible emulsion powder is VAE redispersible emulsion powder.
As a further technical scheme, the water reducer is one of a polycarboxylate water reducer, a naphthalene water reducer and an aliphatic water reducer.
As a further technical scheme, the retarder consists of sodium gluconate and calcium gluconate.
As a further technical scheme, the mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the calcium gluconate is 1:1.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the wet-mixed mortar with good water retention, which comprises the following steps: cement, sand, fly ash, redispersible latex powder, a water-retaining composition, a retarder and a water reducing agent are uniformly mixed, water is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed again to obtain the wet-mixed mortar.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the water-retaining composition comprising the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, the surfactant and the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is added into the wet-mixed mortar, wherein the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether with high viscosity has a good water-retaining effect, but the increase of the viscosity of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether can reduce the dispersibility in the wet-mixed mortar, so that the mechanical property of the wet-mixed mortar is reduced, and the surfactant and the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide can effectively improve the dispersibility of the wet-mixed mortar, so that the wet-mixed mortar has higher water retention rate and higher compressive strength.
2. According to the invention, when the mass ratio of the surfactant to the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 1-3, the dispersibility of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether in the wet-mixed mortar can be better improved, so that the dispersibility of the grouping components in the wet-mixed mortar is improved, and the water retention rate and the compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar are further improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, model HPMC-15, purchased from Shanghai Chen Yi Xie Chen Ji Chen Co., ltd;
VAE dispersible emulsion powder, model HC-1006, available from Hebei Wake New Material technology Co., ltd;
polycarboxylate water reducer, model 003, purchased from Shandong HongYi chemical group Co., ltd.
Example 1
A preparation method of wet-mixed mortar with good water retention property comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 80 parts of cement, 780 parts of sand, 20 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of VAE redispersible emulsion powder, 8 parts of water-retaining composition, 1.5 parts of sodium gluconate, 1.5 parts of calcium gluconate and 1 part of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, slowly adding 80 parts of water, and uniformly stirring again to obtain wet-mixed mortar; the water-retaining composition consists of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide; wherein the sum of the mass of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the mass of N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 20wt% of the water-retaining composition, and the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the mass of the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 3:1.
Example 2
A preparation method of wet-mixed mortar with good water retention property comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 100 parts of cement, 800 parts of sand, 30 parts of fly ash, 12 parts of VAE redispersible emulsion powder, 10 parts of water-retaining composition, 2 parts of sodium gluconate, 2 parts of calcium gluconate and 1.5 parts of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, slowly adding 90 parts of water, and uniformly stirring again to obtain wet-mixed mortar; the water-retaining composition consists of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide; wherein the mass sum of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide in the water-retaining composition is 30 weight percent of the water-retaining composition, and the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 3:1.
Example 3
A preparation method of wet-mixed mortar with good water retention property comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 120 parts of cement, 840 parts of sand, 40 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of VAE redispersible emulsion powder, 12 parts of water-retaining composition, 2.5 parts of sodium gluconate, 2.5 parts of calcium gluconate and 2 parts of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, slowly adding 100 parts of water, and uniformly stirring again to obtain wet-mixed mortar; the water-retaining composition consists of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide; wherein the mass sum of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide in the water-retaining composition is 40wt% of the water-retaining composition, and the mass ratio of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 3:1.
Example 4
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is replaced by an equivalent amount of sodium lauryl sulfate.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 1 in that sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is replaced by an equivalent amount of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.
Example 6
Example 6 differs from example 4 in that the mass ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to N, N-stearyl phthalate amide is 2:1.
Example 7
Example 7 differs from example 4 in that the mass ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to N, N-stearyl phthalate amide is 1:1.
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 4, sodium laurylsulfate and N, N-stearyl phthalate amide were not added in comparative example 1, and the other is the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 2
In comparative example 2, sodium lauryl sulfate was not added as in example 4, but the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 3
In contrast to example 4, no N, N-stearyl phthalate amide was added in comparative example 3, and the other is the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 the N, N-stearyl phthalate amide was replaced by an equivalent amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as in example 4, except that it was the same as in example 4.
Test examples
The water retention rates of the wet-mixed mortars of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured according to the measurement method in GB/T3183-2017 masonry cement, and the compressive strengths of the wet-mixed mortars 28d of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured according to JGJ/T70-2009 Standard for basic Performance test for construction mortars, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 measurement results of Performance of Wet-mix mortars in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 4
Compared with example 4, comparative example 1 was not added with sodium laurylsulfate and N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide in comparative example 1, comparative example 2 was not added with sodium laurylsulfate, comparative example 3 was not added with N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide, comparative example 4 was replaced with equal amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and as a result, the water retention rate and 28d compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar in comparative examples 1 to 4 were lower than those of example 4, indicating that the simultaneous addition of sodium laurylsulfate and N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide in the wet-mixed mortar could improve the water retention rate and 28d compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar.
In comparison with example 1, in example 4, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate was replaced with equal amount of sodium laurylsulfate, in example 5, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate was replaced with equal amount of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and as a result, the water retention rate and 28d compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar in examples 1 and 5 were lower than those in example 4. The method shows that the water retention rate and the 28d compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar can be improved by simultaneously adding sodium laurylsulfate and N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide.
As a result of changing the mass ratio of sodium laurylsulfate to N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide in examples 6 to 7 as compared with example 4, the water retention and 28d compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar in examples 4 and 7 were lower than those in example 6, indicating that the water retention and 28d compressive strength of the wet-mixed mortar could be further improved when the mass ratio of sodium laurylsulfate to N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide was 2:1.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The wet-mixed mortar with good water retention is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of cement, 780-840 parts of sand, 20-40 parts of fly ash, 10-15 parts of redispersible emulsion powder, 8-12 parts of water-retaining composition, 3-5 parts of retarder, 1-2 parts of water reducer and 80-100 parts of water; the water-retaining composition consists of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, a surfactant and N, N-stearyl phthalate amide.
2. A wet-mix mortar with good water retention according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass sum of the surfactant and the N, N-stearyl phthalate amide is 20% to 40% by weight of the water retention composition.
3. The wet-mixed mortar with good water retention according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the surfactant to the N, N-stearyl phthalic acid amide is 1-3:1.
4. The wet-mixed mortar with good water retention according to claim 2, wherein the surfactant comprises one of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and sodium laurylsulfate.
5. The wet-mixed mortar with good water retention according to claim 1, wherein the redispersible emulsion powder is VAE redispersible emulsion powder.
6. The wet-mixed mortar with good water retention according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is one of a polycarboxylate water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent and an aliphatic water reducing agent.
7. The wet-mixed mortar with good water retention according to claim 1, wherein the retarder consists of sodium gluconate and calcium gluconate.
8. The wet-mixed mortar with good water retention according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of sodium gluconate to calcium gluconate is 1:1.
9. The method for preparing wet-mixed mortar with good water retention according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: cement, sand, fly ash, redispersible latex powder, a water-retaining composition, a retarder and a water reducing agent are uniformly mixed, water is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed again to obtain the wet-mixed mortar.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311097423.5A CN117088648A (en) | 2023-08-29 | 2023-08-29 | Wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311097423.5A CN117088648A (en) | 2023-08-29 | 2023-08-29 | Wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117088648A true CN117088648A (en) | 2023-11-21 |
Family
ID=88776971
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311097423.5A Withdrawn CN117088648A (en) | 2023-08-29 | 2023-08-29 | Wet-mixed mortar with good water retention and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117088648A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-08-29 CN CN202311097423.5A patent/CN117088648A/en not_active Withdrawn
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Application publication date: 20231121 |