CN117081111B - Primary frequency modulation optimization method of new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting - Google Patents

Primary frequency modulation optimization method of new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting Download PDF

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CN117081111B
CN117081111B CN202311331956.5A CN202311331956A CN117081111B CN 117081111 B CN117081111 B CN 117081111B CN 202311331956 A CN202311331956 A CN 202311331956A CN 117081111 B CN117081111 B CN 117081111B
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王程
毕天姝
赖姝钰
胥国毅
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting, and belongs to the technical field of new energy power grid support. The method comprises the following specific steps: representing a primary frequency modulation dynamic process of the wind turbine generator; establishing a system frequency response model based on difference discretization; establishing a system frequency response model based on difference discretization; constructing a frequency stability constraint condition; converting the high-order nonlinear constraint into a low-order linear constraint; and constructing a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering dynamic amplitude limiting of the fan, and solving by using a commercial solver. The invention provides a system frequency dynamic analysis model considering fan dynamic amplitude limiting, accurately quantifies the influence of second-level wind power fluctuation on frequency dynamic, and provides a new energy power system primary frequency modulation standby setting model considering fan dynamic amplitude limiting.

Description

Primary frequency modulation optimization method of new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy power grid support, in particular to a primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting.
Background
The power grid in China converts a traditional power system which takes a synchronous machine as a main body and coal as main primary energy into a new energy power system which takes a power electronic converter as an interface and complementally utilizes multiple energy sources.
With the proposal of the 'double carbon' target, the new energy installation ratio is continuously increased, the proportion of the synchronous machine sets is reduced, the kinetic energy of the rotor of the system is reduced, the characteristics of low inertia and weak support of the novel power system are gradually revealed, wind and light power generation has random fluctuation, the problem of safety and stability of the system frequency is increasingly highlighted, and the requirement on primary frequency modulation service is aggravated. The primary frequency modulation process of the system is mainly realized by a speed regulator system of a frequency modulation unit, and the mechanical power increment is distributed according to the primary frequency modulation standby capacity and the difference modulation coefficient of each unit to provide active support for the system frequency. With the access of large-scale new energy power and energy storage, the primary frequency modulation service of the system gradually shows the characteristics of frequency modulation resource diversification, frequency modulation characteristic differentiation and frequency modulation means flexible, so how to reasonably arrange the primary standby capacity of the system frequency modulation unit, and improve the frequency stability of the new energy power system becomes a current research hot spot.
Most researches at present are to ensure reliable and safe operation of a new energy power system, and in the power grid dispatching operation, the influence of wind-light uncertainty on frequency stability is reasonably considered. For such problems, the time scale of research can be divided into research on the influence of wind and light fluctuation of the hour level and the minute level on the operation of a power grid and research on the influence of wind and light fluctuation of the second level on an electromagnetic transient process. When the uncertainty of the wind-solar power supply is considered, if the wind-solar power supply is only in a steady-state optimization scheduling layer, a random Unit Combination (UC) model is provided, wind power output is described through a scene method, and wind power standby under an uncertain scene is analyzed on the basis. None of the above studies involved the effect of the mode of operation of the wind farm providing redundancy on the mechanical properties of the wind turbine, nor did it characterize the effect of wind speed fluctuations over the frequency response period on the mechanical dynamics of the wind turbine. When a frequency modulation event occurs, a frequency instability scene may occur in real-time operation, and the necessity of maintaining the frequency stability is studied for the second-level wind and light fluctuation. In research on frequency modulation reserve by considering frequency modulation characteristics of a fan, the existing work establishes an analysis relation of indexes such as frequency modulation parameters and frequency minimum points of the fan, and a frequency stability constraint unit combination model (FCUC) considering wind speed uncertainty is provided by establishing an analysis relation of wind speed and frequency modulation parameters, so that influence of the wind speed uncertainty on the frequency modulation reserve is considered. The frequency modulation characteristic of the blower is deepened in the work, but the mechanical dynamics of the blower and the contribution of the kinetic energy of the rotor of the blower are not carved when the wind speed changes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system, which considers the amplitude limitation of a fan, and solves the problem of influence of wind speed uncertainty on frequency modulation standby.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting, which comprises the following steps:
s1, describing a mechanical dynamic process of a wind turbine in detail by considering mechanical characteristics of the wind turbine, setting a boundary of maximum frequency modulation standby power of the wind turbine and representing a primary frequency modulation dynamic process of the wind turbine by considering frequency modulation dynamic of the wind turbine;
s2, based on a system frequency response model, taking the mechanical dynamic process of the wind turbine generator into consideration, and taking nonlinear links such as dead zones, limiting limits and the like of speed regulators of all the wind turbine generator into consideration, and establishing an improved system frequency response model;
s3, setting step length to perform differential discretization on the frequency support dynamic characteristic model constructed in the step S2 through a forward difference method, and establishing a system frequency response model based on differential discretization;
s4, constructing a frequency stability constraint condition, so that the system frequency in each scheduling time period is controlled within the range of 49.95-50.05 Hz;
s5, fan limiting output constraint linearization characterization based on the hyperplane is carried out, a hyperplane coefficient is set, and high-order nonlinear constraint is converted into low-order linear constraint;
s6, constructing a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering dynamic amplitude limitation of the fan, and solving by using a commercial solver;
in step S1, the primary frequency modulation dynamic process of the wind turbine generator system is specifically expressed as follows:
in an actual power system, the active power adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator is constrained by a dead zone and a limiting link of a speed regulator,
in the formula (1), Δf represents a system frequency deviation, Δf dd To control dead zone for primary frequency modulation, K w Represents the sagging coefficient of the fan participating in primary frequency modulation,representing the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after passing through the dead zone;
when the wind speed is unchanged, the standby capacity of the fan which operates in the load shedding control mode and can participate in primary frequency modulation is described by the formula (2), the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator set needs to be smaller than the current standby capacity, namely the active adjustment quantity is influenced by the limit value of the fan, as shown in the formula (3),
in the formulas (2) and (3),represents the amplitude limiting output value of the fan, +.>Represents the active adjustment quantity k of the wind turbine after passing through the dead zone deload Represents the load shedding rate of the fan, P mppt Representing the mechanical power output by the fan in the MPPT mode;
in order to study the influence of mechanical links of a rotor, a rotor motion equation of a fan is introduced:
in formula (4), ω m Indicating fanRotor speed H of (2) w Representing the inertial time constant of the fan rotor, P e The electromagnetic power of the fan is used for capturing the mechanical power P under the normal running state of the fan m Is determined by the following formula:
in formula (5); ρ is the air density, taken as 1.23Kg/m3; a swept area for the blade; v m Is the wind speed flowing through the fan; c (C) P (lambda, beta) is a wind energy utilization coefficient, is a function of a tip speed ratio lambda and a pitch angle beta, R is a blade radius, and is a wind wheel rotation angular velocity;
up to this point, the limiting value of the wind turbine generator system is expressed as:
no pitch angle control is involved, so β=0, v t Representing wind speed, ω, at each instant in the frequency modulation period m (t) represents the rotational speed at each time in the frequency modulation period,the maximum output power of the wind turbine when frequency modulation is just entered is represented;
therefore, the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after dead zone and amplitude limiting is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula (7), the amino acid sequence of the compound,the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after dead zone and amplitude limiting is represented;
in step S2, an improved system frequency response model is built, specifically expressed as follows:
the improved system frequency dynamics after perturbation is described by equations (8) - (10),
in the formulae (8) - (10), f 0 Is a frequency base value, delta f is a frequency deviation, D is a power grid aggregation damping coefficient, H is a power grid aggregation inertia time constant,is the sum of active adjustment amounts after the thermal power generating unit passes through a speed regulator, delta P g Is the sum of active adjustment amounts of thermal power generating units, T R For reheat time constant, F H ΔP for high pressure turbine mechanical torque L For active disturbance, ++>Is the sum of active adjustment amounts of the wind turbine generator, T w Controlling a time constant for the fan converter;
in an actual power system, the active adjustment quantity of each frequency modulation unit is also influenced by dead zones and limiting links, and taking low-frequency disturbance as an example, the formula (11) describes the influence of the dead zones and the limiting of a speed regulator on the output power adjustment quantity of the thermal power unit, and the formula (7) describes the influence of the dead zones and the limiting of the speed regulator on the output power adjustment quantity of the wind power unit;
wherein K is g For synchronous machine sag factor Δf dd For the primary frequency modulation control dead zone,frequency modulation active limiting value for synchronous machine;
in step S3, after setting a step size by a forward difference method, performing differential discretization on the constructed frequency support dynamic characteristic model, and establishing a system frequency response model based on differential discretization, which is specifically expressed as follows:
(14)
wherein n represents each time breakpoint after the differentiation; equation (12) represents the system frequency differential dynamics after disturbance; the formula (13) and the formula (14) represent the active output adjustment quantity of the thermal power generating unit after disturbance; the formula (15) represents the differential dynamic of the rotor speed of the wind turbine generator; the formulas (16) and (19) represent the active output adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator;
the differential equation is solved by giving an initial state of the system, considering that the system normally operates before disturbance occurs, and when the system frequency is rated frequency, the deviation amount of the system frequency is 0 at the initial moment of disturbance, and the corresponding active adjustment amounts of the units are all 0, then:
the above formulas (12) - (20) constitute a discretized system dynamic frequency model.
Preferably, in step S4, a frequency stability constraint is constructed,
in order to ensure the frequency stability of the power system in an extreme disturbance scene, frequency extreme point constraint is added:
in the formula (21), Δf min 、Δf max Respectively represent the minimum and maximum frequency deviation, deltaf (t) The system frequency deviation at time t is indicated.
Preferably, in step S5, the fan clipping force constraint linearization characterization based on the hyperplane,
a super-planar fan amplitude limiting output constraint approximation method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula (22), v is the number of hyperplanes, a i 、b i 、c i Is the ith hyperplane coefficient;
the goal of the hyperplane approximation is to minimize the sum of the hyperplane and the theoretically calculated error at all monitoring points as follows:
in the formula (23), the first term is the maximum value calculated by v hyperplanes at the monitoring point, the second term is the true value of the mechanical power of the fan calculated by the formula (5), and as can be seen, the first term v hyperplanes need to be the maximum value v-1 times, therefore, a linearization method is provided herein, as shown in the formulas (24) - (28);
wherein: m is positive real number with larger value, n i Is an auxiliary variable of 0-1;
in the formula (17), the fan limiting output is related to the fan mechanical power, so the formula (17) is modified after linearization:
thus, the super plane parameter a is finished i 、b i 、c i The fan limiting output constraint approximation method based on the hyperplane is also completed.
Preferably, in step S6, a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering dynamic clipping of the fan is constructed, and a commercial solver is used for solving;
the objective function of primary frequency modulation standby optimization of the new energy power system aims at minimizing the running cost, consists of the starting cost of a generator, the power generation cost and the frequency modulation standby cost,
in formula (30), T represents the number of scheduling total periods; n (N) G 、N W Respectively representing the quantity of synchronous power supplies and wind power;respectively representing the power generation cost of the synchronous power supply and wind power; />Respectively representing the standby price of the synchronous power supply and wind power;respectively representing active power of a synchronous power supply and active power of wind power;
respectively representing positive and negative standby of primary frequency modulation of a power supply;
the specific numerical value in the frequency dynamic needs to be linked with the amplitude limiting value of each unit; />Depending on the mechanical power value after load shedding as mentioned in step S1:
equation (33) represents a node active balance constraint; equation (34) -equation (36) represents node phase angle constraints, line capacity constraints, and power flow constraints; the formulas (37) - (42) represent the active output constraint and the up-regulation and down-regulation standby constraint of the thermal power generating unit; equation (43) and equation (44) represent conventional power supply climbing constraints;
wherein:the method is characterized in that the method is a reference active power output of a thermal power generating unit and a wind power generating unit; />Is the unit capacity of the conventional power supply, +.>The real-time output value of the mechanical power of the wind turbine generator is obtained; x is x g,t 、x w,t The method is a starting mode of the thermal power generating unit and the wind power generating unit; />The tide and susceptance of the line; d (D) n,t 、θ n,t The node load and phase angle are; />The method is used for limiting ascending and descending of the thermal power generating unit;
therefore, the construction of a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering the influence of the limiting of the fan is completed, and the model is solved through commercial software GUROBI, so that scheduling arrangement and frequency modulation standby reservation arrangement of each unit in the regional power grid are obtained.
Therefore, the primary frequency modulation optimization method of the new energy power system taking the fan amplitude limit into consideration has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a system frequency dynamic analysis model considering fan dynamic amplitude limiting, accurately quantifies the influence of second-level wind power fluctuation on frequency dynamic, and provides a new energy power system primary frequency modulation standby setting model considering fan dynamic amplitude limiting.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system in consideration of fan amplitude limitation;
FIG. 2 is a topology diagram of an IEEE9 node system of a new energy power system primary frequency modulation optimization method considering fan amplitude limitation;
FIG. 3 is a comparison chart of frequency modulation power of a wind turbine generator set of a primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system taking fan amplitude limitation into consideration;
fig. 4 is a frequency stability calibration chart under different standby setting strategies of the primary frequency modulation optimization method of the new energy power system taking fan amplitude limitation into consideration;
fig. 5 is a graph showing contribution to frequency stability after finely describing a mechanical link of a fan in the primary frequency modulation optimization method of the new energy power system in consideration of fan amplitude limitation.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below through the attached drawings and the embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, a primary frequency modulation dynamic process of a wind turbine generator system is specifically expressed as follows:
in an actual power system, the active power adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator is constrained by a dead zone and a limiting link of a speed regulator,
in the formula (1), Δf represents a system frequency deviation, Δf dd To control dead zone for primary frequency modulation, K w Represents the sagging coefficient of the fan participating in primary frequency modulation,representing the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after passing through the dead zone;
when the wind speed is unchanged, the standby capacity of the fan which operates in the load shedding control mode and can participate in primary frequency modulation is described by a formula (2), the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator is smaller than the current standby capacity and is influenced by the limit value of the fan, as shown in a formula (3),
in the formulas (2) and (3),represents the amplitude limiting output value of the fan, +.>Represents the active adjustment quantity k of the wind turbine after passing through the dead zone deload Represents the load shedding rate of the fan, P mppt Representing the mechanical power output by the fan in the MPPT mode;
in order to study the influence of mechanical links of a rotor, a rotor motion equation of a fan is introduced:
in formula (4), ω m Represents the rotor rotating speed of the fan, H w Representing the inertial time constant of the fan rotor, P e The electromagnetic power of the fan is used for capturing the mechanical power P under the normal running state of the fan m Is determined by the following formula:
in formula (5); ρ is the air density, taken as 1.23Kg/m3; a swept area for the blade; v m Is the wind speed flowing through the fan; c (C) P (lambda, beta) is a wind energy utilization coefficient, is a function of a tip speed ratio lambda and a pitch angle beta, R is a blade radius, and is a wind wheel rotation angular velocity;
up to this point, the limiting value of the wind turbine generator system is expressed as:
no pitch angle control is involved, so β=0, v t Representing wind speed, ω, at each instant in the frequency modulation period m (t) represents the rotational speed at each time in the frequency modulation period,the maximum output power of the wind turbine when frequency modulation is just entered is represented;
therefore, the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after dead zone and amplitude limiting is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula (7), the amino acid sequence of the compound,and the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after dead zone and amplitude limiting is represented.
S2, establishing an improved system frequency response model, wherein the improved system frequency dynamic after disturbance is described by formulas (8) - (10),
in the formulae (8) - (10), f 0 Is a frequency base value, delta f is a frequency deviation, D is a power grid aggregation damping coefficient, H is a power grid aggregation inertia time constant,after passing through a speed regulator for a thermal power generating unitSum of active adjustment amounts, Δp g Is the sum of active adjustment amounts of thermal power generating units, T R For reheat time constant, F H ΔP for high pressure turbine mechanical torque L For active disturbance, ++>Is the sum of active adjustment amounts of the wind turbine generator, T w Controlling a time constant for the fan converter;
in an actual power system, the formula (11) describes the influence of dead zone and limiter on the output power adjustment quantity of the thermal power generating unit, and the formula (7) describes the influence of dead zone and limiter on the output power adjustment quantity of the wind power generating unit;
wherein K is g For synchronous machine sag factor Δf dd For the primary frequency modulation control dead zone,the active limiting value is modulated for the synchronous machine.
S3, setting step length by a forward difference method, performing differential discretization on the constructed frequency support dynamic characteristic model, and establishing a system frequency response model based on differential discretization, wherein the specific expression is as follows:
(14)
wherein n represents each time breakpoint after the differentiation; equation (12) represents the system frequency differential dynamics after disturbance; the formula (13) and the formula (14) represent the active output adjustment quantity of the thermal power generating unit after disturbance; the formula (15) represents the differential dynamic of the rotor speed of the wind turbine generator; the formulas (16) and (19) represent the active output adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator;
the differential equation is solved by giving an initial state of the system, considering that the system normally operates before disturbance occurs, and when the system frequency is rated frequency, the deviation amount of the system frequency is 0 at the initial moment of disturbance, and the corresponding active adjustment amounts of the units are all 0, then:
the above formulas (12) - (20) constitute a discretized system dynamic frequency model.
S4, constructing a frequency stability constraint condition,
in order to ensure the frequency stability of the power system in an extreme disturbance scene, frequency extreme point constraint is added:
in the formula (21), Δf min 、Δf max Respectively represent the minimum and maximum frequency deviation, deltaf (t) The system frequency deviation at time t is indicated.
S5, fan limiting output constraint linearization characterization based on the hyperplane,
a super-planar fan amplitude limiting output constraint approximation method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula (22), v is the number of hyperplanes, a i 、b i 、c i Is the ith hyperplane coefficient;
the goal of the hyperplane approximation is to minimize the sum of the hyperplane and the theoretically calculated error at all monitoring points as follows:
in the formula (23), the first term is the maximum value calculated by v hyperplanes at the monitoring point, the second term is the true value of the mechanical power of the fan calculated by the formula (5), the first term v hyperplanes require v-1 maximum values, and the linearization method is shown in the formulas (24) - (28);
wherein: m is positive real number with larger value, n i Is an auxiliary variable of 0-1;
after linearization, correction is made for equation (17):
complete the super plane parameter a i 、b i 、c i The fan limiting output constraint approximation method based on the hyperplane is also completed.
S6, constructing a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering dynamic amplitude limitation of the fan, and solving by using a commercial solver;
the objective function of primary frequency modulation standby optimization of the new energy power system aims at minimizing the running cost, consists of the starting cost of a generator, the power generation cost and the frequency modulation standby cost,
in formula (30), T represents the number of scheduling total periods; n (N) G 、N W Respectively representing the quantity of synchronous power supplies and wind power;respectively representing the power generation cost of the synchronous power supply and wind power; />Respectively representing the standby price of the synchronous power supply and wind power;respectively representing active power of a synchronous power supply and active power of wind power;
respectively representing positive and negative standby of primary frequency modulation of a power supply;
the specific numerical value in the frequency dynamic needs to be linked with the amplitude limiting value of each unit; />Depending on the mechanical power value after load shedding as mentioned in step S1:
equation (33) represents a node active balance constraint; equation (34) -equation (36) represents node phase angle constraints, line capacity constraints, and power flow constraints; the formulas (37) - (42) represent the active output constraint and the up-regulation and down-regulation standby constraint of the thermal power generating unit; equation (43) and equation (44) represent conventional power supply climbing constraints;
wherein:the method is characterized in that the method is a reference active power output of a thermal power generating unit and a wind power generating unit; />Is the unit capacity of the conventional power supply, +.>The real-time output value of the mechanical power of the wind turbine generator is obtained; x is x g,t 、x w,t The method is a starting mode of the thermal power generating unit and the wind power generating unit; />The tide and susceptance of the line; d (D) n,t 、θ n,t The node load and phase angle are; />The method is used for limiting ascending and descending of the thermal power generating unit;
and (3) completing the construction of a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering the influence of the limiting of the fan, and solving the model through commercial software GUROBI to obtain the scheduling arrangement and the frequency modulation standby reservation arrangement of each unit in the regional power grid.
The power system steady state operating constraints include the following:
(1) Node active balancing constraint:
(2) Node phase angle constraint, line capacity constraint and power flow constraint:
/>
(3) Active output constraint and up-regulation and down-regulation standby constraint of thermal power generating units and wind power generating units:
(4) Conventional power supply climbing constraints:
wherein:the method is characterized in that the method is a reference active power output of a thermal power generating unit and a wind power generating unit; />Is the unit capacity of the conventional power supply, +.>The real-time output value of the mechanical power of the wind turbine generator is obtained; x is x g,t 、x w,t The method is a starting mode of the thermal power generating unit and the wind power generating unit;the tide and susceptance of the line; d (D) n,t 、θ n,t The node load and phase angle are; />Is used for limiting ascending and descending of the thermal power generating unit.
Therefore, the construction of a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering the influence of the limiting of the fan is completed, and the model is solved through commercial software GUROBI, so that the daily scheduling arrangement and the frequency modulation standby reservation arrangement of each unit in the regional power grid can be obtained.
The method according to the invention is described below by way of a specific example. Fig. 2 is a topology diagram of an IEEE9 node system employed in an example of the present invention, based on which a system frequency dynamic analysis model considering dynamic clipping of fans is verified.
S1, setting two groups of models, and verifying the effectiveness of the method.
(1) Traditional model: the dynamic amplitude limiting of the fan is not considered, namely the energy provided by the fluctuation of wind speed and the change of the rotation speed of the rotor in the frequency modulation process is not considered;
(2) The proposed model: the dynamic analysis model of the system frequency of the dynamic amplitude limitation of the fan is considered, and the energy provided by the fluctuation of wind speed and the change of the rotating speed of the rotor in the frequency modulation process is considered.
The model in FIG. 3 is characterized in that the setting effect on the wind speed boundary is achieved, the contribution of the kinetic energy release of the rotor to the frequency modulation power is quantized, and the frequency modulation requirement is further met; after the dynamic amplitude limiting of the fan is considered, the maximum frequency modulation output of the fan is improved by 6.7%, and the provided frequency modulation energy is increased by 3.8%.
S2, setting three groups of models, and checking the frequency stability under different standby setting strategies, as shown in fig. 4.
(1) Control group-i: the wind speed is constant at 10m/s, and a traditional standby setting strategy is adopted.
(2) Control group-ii: the wind speed is reduced from 10m/s to 8m/s, and a standby setting strategy in a control group-I is adopted.
(3) The present specification model: the wind speed is reduced from 10m/s to 8m/s, and the influence of the wind speed and the change of the rotating speed of the fan rotor is considered in the standby setting strategy.
The frequency nadir pair for low frequency disturbances at step S2 is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 frequency nadir contrast under low frequency disturbance
After the conventional standby setting strategy is adopted by the comparison group-II, the fan encounters the working condition of sudden increase of wind speed in the frequency modulation period, the lowest frequency point is reduced by 3.6%, and the frequency stability boundary is difficult to maintain;
and the system frequency can be maintained stable after the influence of the wind speed and the change of the rotating speed of the fan rotor is considered in the standby setting strategy.
S3, setting three groups of models, and quantifying the contribution to the frequency stability after the fan mechanical link, as shown in FIG. 5.
(1) Control group-i: the change of wind speed is considered, the rotating speed of the fan rotor is constant, and the mechanical action of the fan rotor is not considered.
(2) Control group-ii: considering the change of wind speed, the rotating speed of the fan rotor changes along with the action of the mechanical link of the fan.
(3) The present specification model: the wind speed variation is considered, and the influence of the wind speed and the change of the rotating speed of the fan rotor is considered in the standby setting strategy.
The frequency nadir for the low frequency disturbance at step S3 is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 frequency nadir contrast under low frequency disturbance
The comparison group II considers the overspeed load shedding control of the rotor, the fan increases the power along with the reduction of the rotating speed, and the lowest frequency point is increased by 0.02Hz compared with the comparison group I.
The comparison group I does not consider the change of the rotating speed, and compared with the comparison group II, the result is relatively conservative, the frequency modulation reserve is abundant, and the lowest frequency point of the comparison group II is improved by 0.4% under the reserve strategy of the comparison group I.
The running cost of the proposed work is less than that of the control groups I and II, and the lowest frequency point is not as same as that of the control group II, so that the method meets the expectations.
Therefore, the invention adopts the primary frequency modulation optimization method of the new energy power system considering the fan amplitude limitation, provides a system frequency dynamic analysis model considering the fan dynamic amplitude limitation, accurately quantifies the influence of second-level wind power fluctuation on frequency dynamic, and provides a primary frequency modulation standby tuning model of the new energy power system considering the fan dynamic amplitude limitation.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical scheme of the invention can be modified or replaced by the same, and the modified technical scheme cannot deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A primary frequency modulation optimization method of a new energy power system considering fan amplitude limiting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, describing a mechanical dynamic process of a wind turbine generator set and amplitude limiting values of fan output under different wind speed conditions by considering mechanical characteristics of the wind turbine generator set, setting a boundary of maximum frequency modulation standby power of the fan, considering frequency modulation dynamic of the wind turbine generator set, and representing a primary frequency modulation dynamic process of the wind turbine generator set;
s2, based on a system frequency response model, considering the mechanical dynamic process of the wind turbine generator, and considering the dead zone and the non-linear link of amplitude limitation of the speed regulator of each wind turbine generator, and establishing an improved system frequency response model;
s3, setting step length to perform differential discretization on the frequency support dynamic characteristic model constructed in the step S2 through a forward difference method, and establishing a system frequency response model based on differential discretization;
s4, constructing a frequency stability constraint condition, so that the system frequency in each scheduling time period is controlled within the range of 49.95-50.05 Hz;
s5, fan limiting output constraint linearization characterization based on the hyperplane is carried out, a hyperplane coefficient is set, and high-order nonlinear constraint is converted into low-order linear constraint;
s6, constructing a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering dynamic amplitude limitation of the fan, and solving by using a commercial solver;
in step S1, the primary frequency modulation dynamic process of the wind turbine generator system is specifically expressed as follows:
in an actual power system, the active power adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator is constrained by a dead zone and a limiting link of a speed regulator,
in the formula (1), Δf represents a system frequency deviation, Δf dd To control dead zone for primary frequency modulation, K w Represents the sagging coefficient of the fan participating in primary frequency modulation,representing the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after passing through the dead zone;
when the wind speed is unchanged, the standby capacity of the fan which operates in the load shedding control mode and can participate in primary frequency modulation is described by a formula (2), the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator is smaller than the current standby capacity and is influenced by the limit value of the fan, as shown in a formula (3),
in the formulas (2) and (3),represents the amplitude limiting output value of the fan, +.>Represents the active adjustment quantity k of the wind turbine after passing through the dead zone deload Represents the load shedding rate of the fan, P mppt Representing the mechanical power output by the fan in the MPPT mode;
in order to study the influence of mechanical links of a rotor, a rotor motion equation of a fan is introduced:
in formula (4), ω m Represents the rotor rotating speed of the fan, H w Representing the inertial time constant of the fan rotor, P e The electromagnetic power of the fan is used for capturing the mechanical power P under the normal running state of the fan m Is determined by the following formula:
in formula (5); ρ is the air density, taken as 1.23Kg/m3; a is the swept area of the blade; v m Is the wind speed flowing through the fan; c (C) P (lambda, beta) is the wind energy utilization factor, is a function of the tip speed ratio lambda and the pitch angle beta, R is the blade radius, omega m The rotational angular velocity of the wind wheel;
up to this point, the limiting value of the wind turbine generator system is expressed as:
no pitch angle control is involved, so β=0, v t Representing wind speed, ω, at each instant in the frequency modulation period m (t) represents the rotational speed at each time in the frequency modulation period,the maximum output power of the wind turbine when frequency modulation is just entered is represented;
therefore, the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after dead zone and amplitude limiting is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula (7), the amino acid sequence of the compound,the active adjustment quantity of the wind turbine after dead zone and amplitude limiting is represented;
in step S2, an improved system frequency response model is built, specifically expressed as follows:
the improved system frequency dynamics after perturbation is described by equations (8) - (10),
in the formulae (8) - (10), f 0 Is a frequency base value, delta f is a frequency deviation, D is a power grid aggregation damping coefficient, and H is the power grid aggregation inertiaConstant of delta P g 0 Is the sum of active adjustment amounts after the thermal power generating unit passes through a speed regulator, delta P g Is the sum of active adjustment amounts of thermal power generating units, T R For reheat time constant, F H ΔP for high pressure turbine mechanical torque L In the event of an active disturbance,is the sum of active adjustment amounts of the wind turbine generator, T w Controlling a time constant for the fan converter;
in an actual power system, the formula (11) describes the influence of dead zone and limiter on the output power adjustment quantity of the thermal power generating unit, and the formula (7) describes the influence of dead zone and limiter on the output power adjustment quantity of the wind power generating unit;
ΔP g 0 ＝min(max(-K g (Δf+Δf dd ),0),P g lim ) (11)
wherein K is g For synchronous machine sag factor Δf dd To control dead zone for primary frequency modulation, P g lim Frequency modulation active limiting value for synchronous machine;
in step S3, after setting a step size by a forward difference method, performing differential discretization on the constructed frequency support dynamic characteristic model, and establishing a system frequency response model based on differential discretization, which is specifically expressed as follows:
ΔP g 0(n) ＝min(max(-K g (Δf (n) +Δf dd ),0),P g lim ) (13)
(14)
wherein n represents each time breakpoint after the differentiation; equation (12) represents the system frequency differential dynamics after disturbance; the formula (13) and the formula (14) represent the active output adjustment quantity of the thermal power generating unit after disturbance; the formula (15) represents the differential dynamic of the rotor speed of the wind turbine generator; the formulas (16) and (19) represent the active output adjustment quantity of the wind turbine generator;
the differential equation is solved by giving an initial state of the system, considering that the system normally operates before disturbance occurs, and when the system frequency is rated frequency, the deviation amount of the system frequency is 0 at the initial moment of disturbance, and the corresponding active adjustment amounts of the units are all 0, then:
the above formulas (12) - (20) constitute a discretized system dynamic frequency model.
2. The primary frequency modulation optimization method of the new energy power system considering fan limiting according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, a frequency stability constraint condition is constructed,
in order to ensure the frequency stability of the power system in an extreme disturbance scene, frequency extreme point constraint is added:
in the formula (21), Δf min 、Δf max Respectively represent the minimum and maximum frequency deviation, deltaf (t) The system frequency deviation at time t is indicated.
3. The primary frequency modulation optimization method of the new energy power system considering fan limiting according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, fan limiting output constraint linearization characterization based on a hyperplane is performed,
a super-planar fan amplitude limiting output constraint approximation method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula (22), v is the number of hyperplanes, a i 、b i 、c i Is the ith hyperplane coefficient;
the goal of the hyperplane approximation is to minimize the sum of the hyperplane and the theoretically calculated error at all monitoring points as follows:
in the formula (23), the first term is the maximum value calculated by v hyperplanes at the monitoring point, the second term is the true value of the mechanical power of the fan calculated by the formula (5), the first term v hyperplanes require v-1 maximum values, and the linearization method is shown in the formulas (24) - (28);
wherein: m is a positive real number, n i Is an auxiliary variable of 0-1;
after linearization, correction is made for equation (17):
complete the super plane parameter a i 、b i 、c i The fan limiting output constraint approximation method based on the hyperplane is also completed.
4. The primary frequency modulation optimization method of the new energy power system considering the fan amplitude limitation according to claim 3, wherein in step S6, a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering the fan dynamic amplitude limitation is constructed, and a commercial solver is used for solving;
the objective function of primary frequency modulation standby optimization of the new energy power system aims at minimizing the running cost, consists of the starting cost of a generator, the power generation cost and the frequency modulation standby cost,
in formula (30), T represents the number of scheduling total periods; n (N) G 、N W Respectively representing the quantity of synchronous power supplies and wind power;respectively representing the power generation cost of the synchronous power supply and wind power; />Respectively representing the standby price of the synchronous power supply and wind power;respectively representing active power of a synchronous power supply and active power of wind power; />Respectively representing positive and negative standby of primary frequency modulation of a power supply;
the specific numerical value in the frequency dynamic needs to be linked with the amplitude limiting value of each unit; />Depending on the mechanical power value after load shedding as mentioned in step S1:
equation (33) represents a node active balance constraint; equation (34) -equation (36) represents node phase angle constraints, line capacity constraints, and power flow constraints; the formulas (37) - (42) represent the active output constraint and the up-regulation and down-regulation standby constraint of the thermal power generating unit; equation (43) and equation (44) represent conventional power supply climbing constraints;
wherein:the method is characterized in that the method is a reference active power output of a thermal power generating unit and a wind power generating unit; p g G,Max The capacity of the unit is the capacity of a conventional power supply,the real-time output value of the mechanical power of the wind turbine generator is obtained; x is x g,t 、x w,t The method is a starting mode of the thermal power generating unit and the wind power generating unit;the tide and susceptance of the line; d (D) n,t 、θ n,t The node load and phase angle are; />The method is used for limiting ascending and descending of the thermal power generating unit;
and (3) completing the construction of a primary frequency modulation standby optimization model considering the influence of the limiting of the fan, and solving the model through commercial software GUROBI to obtain the scheduling arrangement and the frequency modulation standby reservation arrangement of each unit in the regional power grid.
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