CN117074690A - Use of solute carrier family 44 member 2 for treating cardiac remodeling - Google Patents
Use of solute carrier family 44 member 2 for treating cardiac remodeling Download PDFInfo
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- CN117074690A CN117074690A CN202311018780.8A CN202311018780A CN117074690A CN 117074690 A CN117074690 A CN 117074690A CN 202311018780 A CN202311018780 A CN 202311018780A CN 117074690 A CN117074690 A CN 117074690A
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Abstract
The invention discloses application of solute carrier family 44 member 2 in treating heart reconstruction, and belongs to the field of cardiovascular diseases. The invention discovers that the expression of the member 2 of the heart tissue solute carrier family 44 of the heart reconstruction patient is obviously down-regulated, and the expression of the member 2 of the heart tissue solute carrier family 44 of the heart reconstruction patient is reduced by constructing a heart reconstruction model at the cell and animal level. The solute carrier family 44 member 2 is overexpressed in the myocardial cells of the newborn rats, so that the myocardial cell hypertrophy caused by angiotensin II can be effectively improved; the myocardial cell specific over-expression solute carrier family 44 member 2 can improve mouse myocardial hypertrophy caused by aortic stenosis, improve heart function, delay heart reconstruction process, and prompt that the solute carrier family 44 member 2 plays a protective role in heart reconstruction, thereby being beneficial to finding new markers for heart reconstruction. The invention exploits a new prevention and treatment method for heart reconstruction and provides a meaningful reference for the development of new drugs for heart reconstruction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heart reconstruction prevention and control, and particularly relates to application of a regulatory solute carrier family 44 member 2 in heart reconstruction prevention and control.
Background
Cardiac remodeling refers to the adaptive response of the heart in the long term under the action of hemodynamic or non-hemodynamic factors. Early stage of heart reconstruction is mainly characterized by myocardial cell hypertrophy, has compensatory effect, can maintain normal heart function, and is not accompanied with the change of cell interstitial components; when the heart is under stress conditions such as pressure overload for a long time, the heart is changed into a decompensated state, the heart function is reduced, and the heart fibroblast activation, immune cell infiltration and activation, cell interstitial increase, component change, myocardial cell apoptosis and other characteristics are accompanied. After decompensation is carried out on the heart reconstruction, the occurrence rate of arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, sudden death and other cardiovascular events can be increased by 6-8 times, the heart reconstruction is prevented or delayed, the progress of various cardiovascular diseases and the occurrence of heart failure can be effectively restrained, and the survival rate and the life quality of patients are improved. Therefore, finding new methods that can delay cardiac remodeling is critical to effectively reduce its high mortality in clinic.
Cardiac remodeling is often accompanied by changes in the function and phenotype of a variety of cells. The long-term pressure overload can lead myocardial cells to enter a decompensated state, the cell volume is increased, the energy produced by the cells is changed from the oxidation of fatty acid to the oxidation of glucose, the active oxygen is increased, the mitochondrial function is damaged, and the cardiac ejection fraction and the left ventricular diastolic function are reduced; along with the increase of the volume of cardiac muscle cells and the progress of diseases, the energy supply of the cardiac muscle cells is insufficient, and the pathological changes such as cardiac muscle cell apoptosis, fibroblast activation, cardiac neovascularization, immune cell infiltration and activation and the like are accompanied, so that the cardiac structure is changed, and finally the heart failure is developed. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of pathological changes of myocardial cells is explored, so that the heart reconstruction rule can be known, and theoretical guidance and scientific basis are provided for disease prevention and treatment.
Solute carrier family 44 member 2 (SLC 44 A2) is predominantly expressed in the cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane, and is involved in regulating cellular function and signaling pathway transduction in conjunction with the corresponding ligand proteins. The solute carrier family 44 member 2 in the inner ear tissue can be combined with the matrix protein Cochlin, and researches prove that the solute carrier family 44 member 2 has the function of maintaining the structure and the function of the inner ear; solute carrier family 44 member 2 acts as a mitochondrial choline transporter, affecting the production of adenosine triphosphate and the clotting function of platelets, regulating venous thrombosis; in addition, solute carrier family 44 member 2 forms a three-molecule complex with Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), CD11b/CD18 on the surface of neutrophils, leading to neutrophil activation, aggregation and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, a mechanism that further exacerbates endothelial leakage from transfusion-associated acute lung injury. We found that solute carrier family 44 member 2 was significantly reduced in expression levels in the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model. However, the role and mechanism of solute carrier family 44 member 2 in cardiac remodeling has not been currently studied and reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a medical application of a solute carrier family 44 member 2, which can be used for preventing and treating heart reconstruction.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides the use of a member 2 of the protective solute carrier family 44 as a marker for the preparation of a reagent for detecting or aiding in the detection of heart remodeling.
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of a member 2 of the protective solute carrier family 44 as a marker in the preparation of a kit for detecting or aiding in the detection of cardiac remodeling.
In a third aspect, the invention features a kit comprising reagents for detecting member 2 of solute carrier family 44.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides the use of a system for protecting member 2 of the detection solute carrier family 44 for the preparation of a reagent for detecting or aiding in the detection of heart remodeling.
In particular embodiments, the system for detecting member 2 of solute carrier family 44 comprises reagents and/or instrumentation for detecting member 2 of solute carrier family 44.
In more specific embodiments, the agent that detects member 2 of solute carrier family 44 is an antibody, antibody fragment, or modification thereof that specifically recognizes member 2 of solute carrier family 44.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides the use of a member 2 of the protective solute carrier family 44 as a marker in the screening or assisted screening of heart remodeling drugs.
In a sixth aspect, the invention provides the use of a member 2 of the protective solute carrier family 44 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or co-treatment of heart remodeling.
In a seventh aspect, the invention also provides the use of a preparation for modulating the amount of expression of member 2 of solute carrier family 44 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or co-treatment of heart remodeling.
In specific embodiments, the agent that modulates the amount of expression of solute carrier family 44 member 2 is an adenovirus and/or adeno-associated virus that overexpresses solute carrier family 44 member 2.
In a specific embodiment, the medicament further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Advantageous effects
The invention discovers that the solute carrier family 44 member 2 is significantly down-regulated in clinical samples, mice and cell disease models (heart reconstruction), and suggests that the solute carrier family 44 member 2 can be used as a marker for detecting heart reconstruction. Through over-expression of the solute carrier family 44 member 2, the myocardial cell hypertrophy caused by angiotensin II can be effectively improved; the myocardial cell specific over-expression solute carrier family 44 member 2 can improve mouse myocardial hypertrophy caused by aortic stenosis, improve heart function, delay heart remodeling disease process, and prompt that the solute carrier family 44 member 2 has a therapeutic effect and can be used as a marker for screening and treating heart remodeling drugs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of protein expression of member 44 of the solute carrier family 2 in normal control patients and heart reconstruction patients. Wherein A: western Blot detects solute carrier family 44 member 2 protein expression levels in myocardial tissue of normal control patients and heart remodeling patients (n=6;: < 0.01); b: immunohistochemical detection of solute carrier family 44 member 2 expression in myocardial tissue in normal control patients and heart remodeling patients (scale = 50 μm, n = 5); c: solute carrier family 44 member 2 diagnostic heart reconstructed subject operating characteristic curve (ROC) graph (n=6).
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the expression of member 44, 2, of solute carrier family in normal control and heart reconstruction models, 8 week old C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to Sham surgery (Sham) and aortic constriction surgery (TAC), respectively, to construct a heart reconstruction model of the mice, and after 4 weeks, heart tissue was harvested. Wherein A: western Blot detects solute carrier family 44 member 2 protein expression levels (n=8,/P<0.001 A) is provided; b: RT-PCR detects mRNA expression levels of solute carrier family 44 member 2 (n=5, ×p<0.01 A) is provided; c: extraction of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and administration of angiotensin II (10 -6 M) treatment for 24 hours, western Blot detects solute carrier family 44 member 2 protein expression levels (n=6, ×p)<0.001)。
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing improvement of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by overexpression of solute carrier family 44 member 2, extraction of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, infection with control (Ad-Vector) and solute carrier family 44 member 2 (Ad-SLC 44A 2) adenovirus for 24 hours, respectively, administration of angiotensin II (10) -6 M) treatment for 24 hours. Wherein A: immunofluorescent staining (α -actinin, red) cardiomyocyte area (scale = 20 μm, n = 6,/P)<0.001 A) is provided; b: extracting cellular RNA, and detecting mRNA levels (n=6, P) of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy markers atrial natriuretic peptide (Anp), brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp), beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-Mhc) by RT-PCR<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001)。
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of improved heart remodeling in mice with over-expressed solute carrier family 44 member 2, 4 week old C57BL/6 male mice, tail vein injection control (AAV 9-cTNT-Vector) and cardiomyocyte-specific over-expressed solute carrier family 44 member 2 (AAV 9-cTNT-SLC44A 2) adeno-associated virus, after 4 weeks, sham surgery (Sham) and aortic constriction surgery (TAC), respectively, and heart tissue harvested 4 weeks after surgery. Wherein A: images of mouse hearts (scale=5 mm), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining (scale=50 μm) and Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) staining (scale=50 μm); b: cardiomyocyte size (n=6, < P <0.01, < P < 0.001); c: mice heart weight/body weight ratio (n=6, × P < 0.001).
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of cardiac ultrasound in a 4 week old C57BL/6 male mouse, with tail vein injection control (AAV 9-cTNT-Vector) and cardiomyocyte-specific over-expression solute carrier family 44 member 2 (AAV 9-cTNT-SLC44A 2) adeno-associated virus, respectively, and with cardiac ultrasound 4 weeks after surgery, with Sham (Sham) and aortic constriction (TAC) in a control group. Wherein A: mouse heart compartment thickness (n=6, ×p < 0.001); b: the left ventricular wall thickness of the mouse heart (n=6, < P <0.01, < P < 0.001); c: mouse cardiac ejection fraction (n=6, < P <0.01, < P < 0.001); d: short axis shortening of the mice (n=6, ×p <0.01, ×p < 0.001).
Detailed Description
The following examples will provide those skilled in the art with a more complete understanding of the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The reagents or instrumentation used are not manufacturer specific and are considered to be commercially available conventional products.
Example 1
1.1 Experimental methods
1.1.1 cell/tissue Total protein extraction
And (3) cells: cells were washed 2 times with PBS and lysates according to RIPA were added: protease inhibitor = 100:1, scraping the cells by a scraper, transferring the cells into an EP tube, and crushing the cells on ice by an ultrasonic crusher for 10s; tissue: placing the tissue sample into an EP tube, adding PBS, shearing, centrifuging at 4 ℃ and 5000rpm for 10min, discarding supernatant, adding cell lysate, transferring the tissue suspension into a tissue grinding tube, grinding for 60s by a freeze grinder, and standing on ice for 30min;
centrifuging at 12000rpm at 4deg.C for 15min, sucking supernatant, detecting protein concentration with BCA kit, adding protein supernatant into loading buffer, heating in metal bath at 99deg.C for 5min, and temporarily storing in negative 20 refrigerator.
1.1.2Western Blot
After a gel-preparing glass plate is cleaned, preparing 10% SDS-PAGE gel according to a rapid preparation kit description of the PAGE gel, loading a sample, adding 30 mug protein into each hole, performing constant voltage 75V electrophoresis until protein marker bands are separated, and adjusting to perform constant voltage 115V electrophoresis until bromophenol blue reaches the bottom of the gel; methanol activates PVDF membrane for 1min, and a sandwich structure is assembled according to the sequence of sponge-filter paper-glue-PVDF membrane-filter paper-sponge, black is turned into black, white is turned into red, constant pressure is 90V,90min wet transfer is performed, and 10% skimmed milk powder solution is sealed for 2h at room temperature; cutting PVDF membrane according to protein molecular weight, and incubating primary antibody overnight at 4deg.C (Anti-SLC 44A2 rabbit polyclonal antibody, aviva Systems Biology, cat# ARP44009_P050; anti-Tubulin mouse monoclonal antibody, abways technology, cat# AB 0039); TBST was washed 3 times for 5min each, and secondary antibody was incubated with shaking at room temperature for 2h (HRP-labeled secondary antibody rabbit, jackson, cat# 111-035-003; HRP-labeled secondary antibody mouse, jackson, cat# 115-035-003); TBST is cleaned for 3 times, each time is 5min, and ECL color development liquid is used for developing and shooting in an AI600 exposure imaging system; protein band gray values were counted using ImageJ software.
1.1.3 immunohistochemistry
Human heart tissue paraffin sections were oven-dried at 55deg.C for 1h, dewaxed in xylene I, II for 5min each, 100%,95%,90%,80%,75% alcohol and ddH 2 Gradient rehydration is carried out for 5min in O; heating citric acid antigen retrieval liquid by microwave (high fire mode) for 10min, boiling, placing slices in the low fire for 5-10min for antigen retrieval, and naturally cooling at room temperature for 2h; TBST wash 5min,3% H 2 O 2 Blocking endogenous peroxidase activity (light shielding) for 15min in a middle shaking table, cleaning TBST for 5min for 2 times, cleaning 0.3% TritonX-100 shaking table for 10min for membrane rupture, cleaning TBST for 5min for 2 times, drawing a circle by an immunohistochemical oil pen, blocking 10% BSA for 30min, dripping primary antibody in the circle, and incubating overnight at 4 degrees (Anti-SLC 44A2 rabbit polyclonal antibody, aviva Systems Biology, product number: ARP44009_P 050); TBST was washed 5min 3 times, secondary antibody incubated 1h at room temperature (HRP-labeled secondary antibody rabbit, jackson, cat. No.: 111-035-003), TBST was washed 5min 3 times, DAB developed (protected from light), hematoxylin counterstainDehydrating 1min,75%,95% and 100% ethanol for 2min each, adding 5min each of xylene I, II, adding neutral gum dropwise, sealing with cover glass, and observing under microscope after drying.
1.1.4 aortic stenosis surgery (TAC)
Male mice weighing 22-25g were anesthetized with a random order of sham (sham) and aortic constriction (TAC) groups, intraperitoneally injected with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg). Fixing limbs and head, removing hair from chest and neck, and sterilizing with iodophor. Cutting off neck skin, separating thyroid gland and neck muscle, exposing trachea, and performing trachea cannula; rodent ventilator tidal volume was set at 2.0mL, respiratory ratio at 1:1, respiratory rate at 118 times/min, and gas anesthesia maintenance during surgery. The chest skin is cut off, and the first and second ribs are cut off along the left edge of the sternum. The chest exposed thymus was fixed, and the thymus and adipose tissue were separated to expose the aortic arch. 5-0 atraumatic silk thread was placed between the innominate and left carotid artery, and a 27G (0.4 mm diameter) narrowing needle was placed parallel to the aortic arch and firmly ligated, carefully withdrawn from the narrowing needle, to form aortic constriction. The chest was closed and the surgical skin incision was sutured. sham group is a synchronous false operation group, after aortic lashing, ligation is not carried out, and other operation steps are the same as aortic constriction operation steps.
1.1.5 cell/tissue RNA extraction and reverse transcription
And (3) cells: cells were washed 2 times with PBS, lysed by adding 1ml Trizol and collected in RNase-free EP tubes; tissue: cutting the tissue sample, cleaning with PBS, transferring to an RNase-free tissue grinding tube, adding 1mL of Trizol, and grinding for 60s by a freeze grinder;
200 μl of chloroform was added, shaken vigorously, allowed to stand on ice for 10min, at 4℃and 12000rpm, and centrifuged for 15min. Sucking 400 μl of upper transparent water into the newly labeled RNase-free EP tube, adding 400 μl isopropanol, mixing upside down, and standing on ice for 10min;4℃at 12000rpm, centrifugation for 10min, discarding the supernatant, washing the pellet with 1ml of 75% ethanol, 4℃at 12000rpm, centrifugation for 10min, discarding the supernatant, uncapping and air-drying at room temperature for 8min. Adding 10-20 mu l DEPC H 2 And O, blowing and uniformly measuring the concentration. Reverse transcription was performed according to RNA concentration, 1. Mu.g RNA was extracted, and 4. Mu. L PrimeScriptTM RT Master Mix, DEPC water constant volume to 20. Mu.L; the amplification procedure was: 15min at 55 ℃, 5s at 85 ℃ and 12 ℃ infinity; after completion of reverse transcription, the system was diluted to 100. Mu.L.
1.1.6 RT-PCR
Using qRT-PCR detection kit (AceQ qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix), the reaction system per well was
Primer sequence design
1.1.7 establishment of angiotensin II-induced myocardial remodeling model
2-3 day SD neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes were extracted using angiotensin II (10 -6 M) cells were treated for 24 hours and the corresponding myocardial remodeling index changes were detected.
1.1.8 clinical sample acquisition
The clinical samples were derived from myocardial tissue (12 cases) remaining in heart valve replacement surgery of a patient in a first affiliated hospital of university of south Beijing medical science, and were divided into two groups according to echocardiographic data: 6 cases of heart reconstruction (heart diaphragm thickness > 11 mm) and 6 cases of non-heart reconstruction (heart diaphragm thickness less than or equal to 11 mm); the experiments were approved by the ethical review Committee of the first affiliated hospital of the university of Nanjing medical science (2019-SR-300).
1.2 experimental results
Under pathological conditions of cardiac remodeling, solute carrier family 44 member 2 expression is significantly reduced.
First, we found that protein expression of solute carrier family 44 member 2 (gene sequence number: 57153, linkage: https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/; the immunohistochemical results also showed a significant decrease in protein expression of solute carrier family 44 member 2 in myocardial tissue of heart reconstruction patients (fig. 1:B); the ROC analysis result of the solute carrier family 44 member 2 for cardiac remodeling diagnosis shows that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.944, and the p value is <0.05, which shows that the solute carrier family 44 member 2 has better reference value for differential diagnosis of cardiac remodeling in patients (fig. 1:C).
We performed aortic constriction surgery (TAC) -induced heart remodeling models in C57BL/6 mice, taking the heart tissue of the mice after 4 weeks, and Western Blot experiments found that solute carrier family 44 member 2 was significantly reduced in myocardial tissue (fig. 2: a); RT-PCR assays also found a significant decrease in expression of solute carrier family 44 member 2 (FIG. 2:B). Furthermore, we constructed a heart reconstitution cell model by administering angiotensin II treatment in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and Western Blot found that solute carrier family 44 member 2 protein expression was significantly reduced after 24h of angiotensin II treatment (fig. 2:C). The above results indicate that in cardiac remodeling, solute carrier family 44 member 2 expression is reduced, suggesting that it is involved in this pathological process and is highly likely to serve as a marker of cardiac remodeling occurrence for screening drugs for treatment of cardiac remodeling.
Example 2
2.1 Experimental methods
Construction and transfection of 2.1.1SLC44A2 adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses:
(1) SLC44A2 adenovirus was constructed and shuttle plasmid pDC316-mCMV-EGFP was selected. The DNA sequence of SLC44A2 in NCBI GenBank library is used as standard sequence, and adenovirus is synthesized and packaged by company after design and check. And subsequently, transfecting the SLC44A2 adenovirus into the primary myocardial cells, observing green fluorescence intensity through a fluorescence microscope after 24 hours to judge the transfection efficiency of the SLC44A2, detecting the expression efficiency of the SLC44A2 through a Western blot technology, and then carrying out a subsequent test.
(2) Constructing wild type and mutant type SLC44A2 adeno-associated virus, and selecting shuttle plasmid pDC316-mCMV-EGFP. The DNA sequence of SLC44A2 in NCBI GenBank library is used as standard sequence, and the adeno-associated virus is synthesized and packaged by company after design and check. Subsequently, the SLC44A2 adeno-associated virus tail is injected into a C57BL/6 mouse with the age of 4 weeks, TAC molding is carried out after 4 weeks, the transfection efficiency is verified by observing green fluorescence intensity through a split fluorescent microscope, meanwhile, the expression efficiency of SLC44A2 is detected through Western blot, and then a subsequent test is carried out.
2.1.2 cell immunofluorescent staining
The medium in the confocal dish was aspirated, 1ml paraformaldehyde was added and fixed for 20min at room temperature, PBS was washed 5min 2 times, 1ml 0.3% Triton X-100 was added and broken for 20min at room temperature, PBS was washed 5min 3 times, 3% BSA was blocked at room temperature for 30min,4℃primary antibody was incubated overnight (protected from light) (anti-a-actinin murine monoclonal antibody, SIGMA, cat. No. A7811), PBS was washed 5min 3 times, and secondary antibody was incubated on a shaker for 1h (protected from light) (Alexa Fluor) TM 488 fluorescent secondary antibody (anti-mouse): invitrogen, cat#: 21202 Washing with PBS 5min 3 times, incubation with DAPI for 10min. Zeiss LSM 800 laser confocal microscope observation shooting.
2.1.3 wheat germ lectin (WGA) staining
After frozen sections are dried, 4% paraformaldehyde is fixed for 15-20min, PBS is used for cleaning for 10min, 10% BSA is contained in 0.3% TritonX-100 min for membrane rupture, 10% BSA is blocked for 1h, an immunohistochemical oil pen is used for drawing circles, WGA dye solution is dripped into the circles, a 37-DEG wet box is used for incubation for 1h, PBS is used for cleaning for 5min, DAPI is used for sealing after nuclear staining, and fluorescent microscopy observation and shooting are carried out.
2.2 experimental results
The cell level over-expression solute carrier family 44 member 2 improves myocardial hypertrophy, and the animal level over-expression solute carrier family 44 member 2 improves heart function and delays heart remodeling process.
We further observed cardiomyocyte area in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by adenovirus infection of over-expressed solute carrier family 44 member 2, on which basis angiotensin II treatment was administered, immunofluorescent staining (α -actinin) and found that over-expressed solute carrier family 44 member 2 was effective in ameliorating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy due to angiotensin II (fig. 3: a); the mRNA levels of markers of myocardial hypertrophy (Anp, bnp, β -Mhc) were detected by RT-PCR with extraction of cellular RNA, and as a result, it was found that over-expression of solute carrier family 44, member 2, significantly reversed the angiotensin II-induced increase in Anp, bnp, β -Mhc (FIG. 3: B). 4-week-old C57BL/6 male mice are respectively injected with control and myocardial cell specific over-expression solute carrier family 44 member 2 adeno-associated virus by tail vein, aortic stenosis operation (TAC) induced heart reconstruction model is carried out after 4 weeks, heart reconstruction and heart function related indexes are detected by heart ultrasound of the mice after 4 weeks, heart tissues of the mice are taken, and as a result, heart reconstruction mice are found: the heart volume increased significantly and the cardiomyocyte size increased significantly (fig. 4: a, b); mice increased cardiac weight/weight ratio (fig. 4: c); the mouse heart chamber compartment thickness increased (figure 5:A); the wall thickness of the left chamber of the mouse heart increased (fig. 5:B); mouse cardiac ejection fraction decreased (fig. 5: c); reduction in the short axis of the mice (figure 5:D); whereas cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of solute carrier family 44 member 2 reduced heart remodeling and changes in cardiac performance index in mice caused by aortic constriction surgery (TAC) (FIGS. 4: A-C, 5:A-D). The above results suggest that solute carrier family 44 member 2 plays a protective role in cardiac remodeling, and that overexpression of solute carrier family 44 member 2 delays progression of cardiac remodeling disease.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that would occur to one skilled in the art are included in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Use of solute carrier family 44 member 2 as a marker for the preparation of a reagent for detecting or aiding in the detection of heart remodeling.
2. Use of solute carrier family 44 member 2 as a marker in the preparation of a kit for detecting or aiding in detecting cardiac remodeling.
3. A kit comprising a reagent for detecting or aiding in the detection of member 2 of solute carrier family 44.
4. Use of a system for detecting member 2 of solute carrier family 44 for the preparation of a reagent for detecting or aiding in the detection of heart remodeling.
5. The use of claim 4, wherein the system for detecting a member 2 of the solute carrier family 44 comprises reagents and/or instrumentation for detecting a member 2 of the solute carrier family 44.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the reagent for detecting solute carrier family 44 member 2 is an antibody, an antibody fragment or a modification thereof which specifically recognizes solute carrier family 44 member 2.
7. Use of solute carrier family 44 member 2 for screening or aiding in screening of drugs for the treatment of cardiac remodeling.
8. Use of solute carrier family 44 member 2 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or co-treatment of heart remodeling.
9. Use of a preparation for modulating the amount of expression of a member 2 of the solute carrier family 44 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or co-treatment of heart remodeling.
10. The use according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the medicament further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
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