CN117074258A - Hail measuring device and method based on acoustic principle - Google Patents
Hail measuring device and method based on acoustic principle Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The application discloses a hail measuring device and a hail measuring method based on an acoustic principle, wherein the device comprises a bracket structure, a hail-detecting plate, an acoustic detector, an anemometer and a hail data calculating module; hailplate is used to receive dropped hail; the acoustic detector is connected with the hailplate and is used for receiving hail acoustic signals emitted by the hailplate when hailplate falls on the hailplate; the anemometer is used for measuring real-time wind speed information; the hail data calculation module is in communication connection with the acoustic detector and the anemometer and is used for receiving and calculating hail density, hail speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation according to the hail acoustic signals and the real-time wind speed information. Therefore, hail characteristics can be detected in real time in all weather from the mixed precipitation, a solid and rich data base is provided for regional hail disaster assessment, and the method has high practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of hail measurement, in particular to a hail measurement device and method based on an acoustic principle.
Background
Hail is a strong convective weather phenomenon that comes with strong and strong intensity and is often accompanied by other weather processes such as gusts, storms, etc. Hail is one of the main disastrous weather in China, and can not only threaten human beings and animals, but also cause serious losses in the fields of agriculture, construction and the like. Therefore, the method is particularly important for hail monitoring and disaster assessment.
At present, hail monitoring in China can be mainly divided into two modes of manual monitoring and radar monitoring. Manual monitoring requires observers to observe when hail occurs and to measure the size and weight of the hail, however, the generation of hail is often accompanied by rainfall, and ice is characterized by water-meeting, so that it is difficult to timely observe effective data. Therefore, the method not only needs to consume a great deal of manpower, but also has the problems of large measurement errors of hail quantity, particle size and the like and untimely measurement and calculation. Radar monitoring generally utilizes doppler weather radar to monitor hail clouds, and combines the formation principle of hail clouds and radar echo morphological evolution characteristics to identify hail clouds. Although this method can identify hail clouds, but the information of hail-down density, hail-down speed, hail diameter, hail equivalent precipitation characteristics and the like of the hail cannot be accurately obtained. Therefore, there is a need to develop a monitoring scheme that can detect hail from mixed precipitation in real time in all weather.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the background art, and provides a hail measuring device and method based on an acoustic principle, which can detect hail falling density, hail falling speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount in real time in all weather from mixed precipitation, provide a solid and rich data basis for regional hail disaster assessment, and have high practical value.
In a first aspect, there is provided a hail measuring device based on acoustic principles, including a support structure, a hail-detecting plate, an acoustic detector, an anemometer, and a hail data calculation module; the hailplate is arranged on the bracket structure and is used for receiving falling hail; an acoustic detector is connected to the hailplate for receiving hail acoustic signals emitted by hailplate upon which hailplate falls; the anemometer is arranged on the bracket structure and is used for measuring real-time wind speed information; the hail data calculation module is arranged on the bracket structure and is in communication connection with the acoustic detector and the anemometer, for receiving and based on said hail acoustic signals and said real-time wind speed information, hail drop density, hail drop velocity, hail diameter, and hail equivalent precipitation amount are calculated.
In some embodiments, the hailplate comprises a base connected with the support structure, and three connecting plates which are arranged above the base and are connected in a stacking way, wherein two connecting plates at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are of stainless steel plate structures, and the connecting plates at the middle layer are of non-rigid plate structures; wherein the acoustic detector is disposed inside the base.
In some embodiments, the bracket structure comprises a bracket main body arranged perpendicular to the ground plane and at least one bracket branch protruding from the top end of the bracket main body, wherein the end of one bracket branch is provided with the anemometer; the hailplate is arranged at the joint of the intersection points of the bracket main body and all the bracket branches; the hail data calculation module is arranged on the support main body.
In some embodiments, the hailplate further comprises an image acquisition device positioned on another of said leg branches for acquiring video image data of hailplate falling onto said hailplate.
In some embodiments, the hail data calculation module is further configured to,
obtaining the number of hail received on the hail-detecting plate in a preset time according to the hail acoustic signals, and calculating to obtain the hail-falling density in the preset time;
acquiring a preset puck experimental data table, and according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal, looking up a table to obtain hail dropping speed;
calculating to obtain the diameter of the single hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information;
calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation corresponding to the single hail according to the diameter of the single hail;
and calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail corresponding to one hail process according to the equivalent precipitation amount of the single hail and the hail acoustic signal.
In a second aspect, there is provided a hail measurement method based on acoustic principle, applied to a hail data calculation module, including the steps of:
acquiring hail acoustic signals emitted by hail falling onto the hailplate;
acquiring real-time wind speed information;
and calculating hail density, hail speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount according to the hail acoustic signals and the real-time wind speed information.
In some embodiments, the step of calculating hail density, hail speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount according to the hail acoustic signal and the real-time wind speed information specifically includes the steps of:
obtaining the number of hail received on the hail-detecting plate in a preset time according to the hail acoustic signals, and calculating to obtain the hail-falling density in the preset time;
acquiring a preset puck experimental data table, and according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal, looking up a table to obtain hail dropping speed;
calculating to obtain the diameter of the single hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information;
calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation corresponding to the single hail according to the diameter of the single hail;
and calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail corresponding to one hail process according to the equivalent precipitation amount of the single hail and the hail acoustic signal.
In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the hail dropping speed by obtaining a preset puck experimental data table and looking up a table according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal specifically includes the following steps:
the experimental ice hockey falls from the same height to the corresponding mapping relation between the acoustic signals sent by the hailplate and the falling speed of the experimental ice hockey at different speeds to obtain a preset ice hockey experimental data table;
and according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signals, obtaining the hail dropping speed by looking up the table.
In some embodiments, the step of calculating the diameter of the single hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information specifically includes the following steps:
hail diameter of single particleThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
wherein, hail falls down the speed perpendicularly；
Wherein c is an air resistance coefficient; g is gravity acceleration; ρ air Is air density; ρ ice Is ice density;hail dropping speed is hail; v ⊥ Is the component of the real-time wind speed in the vertical direction.
In some embodiments, according to the diameter of the single hail, calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation corresponding to the single hail; according to the equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to the single hail and the hail acoustic signal, calculating to obtain the hail equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to one hail process, specifically comprising the following steps:
equivalent precipitation amount P corresponding to single hail i The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
wherein, the hail is halfDiameter r i =D i /2；
Hail equivalent precipitation amount P corresponding to one hail process Hail The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
;
wherein s is plate Is the hailplate area; p (P) i Equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to single hail; n is the number of hail obtained in a hail process according to the number of received hail acoustic signals.
Compared with the prior art, the system has the advantages of simple and firm structure, maintenance-free whole system, suitability for outdoor unattended environments, suitability for being distributed and combined into the hail monitoring net in an encryption manner in a hail-multiple region, capability of detecting hail-drop density, hail-drop speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation in real time in all weather from mixed precipitation, capability of providing a solid and rich data base for regional hail disaster assessment, and high practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hail measuring device based on the acoustic principle of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the construction of the hailplate of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the hail measurement method based on acoustic principles of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1. hailplate; 2. an image acquisition device; 3. an anemometer; 4. a hail data calculation module; 5. a bracket structure.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a hail measuring device based on acoustic principles, which includes a support structure 5, a hailplate 1, an acoustic detector, an anemometer 3, and a hail data calculation module 4; hailplate 1 is arranged on support structure 5 and is used for receiving falling hail; an acoustic detector is connected to hailplate 1 for receiving hail acoustic signals emitted by hailplate 1; the anemometer 3 is arranged on the bracket structure 5 and is used for measuring real-time wind speed information; the hail data calculation module 4 is arranged on the support structure 5 and is in communication connection with the acoustic detector and the anemometer 3, for receiving and based on said hail acoustic signals and said real-time wind speed information, hail drop density, hail drop velocity, hail diameter, and hail equivalent precipitation amount are calculated.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the hail measuring device based on the acoustic principle provided by the application has a simple and firm structure, is maintenance-free, is very suitable for a field unattended environment, is suitable for being distributed and combined into a hail monitoring network in an encryption manner in a hail-multiple region, can detect hail-falling density, hail-falling speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount in real time from mixed precipitation in an all-weather manner, provides a solid and rich data basis for regional hail disaster assessment, and has a very high practical value.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the hailplate 1 includes a base connected with the support structure 5, and three connecting plates disposed above the base and stacked and connected, wherein two connecting plates disposed at an uppermost layer and a lowermost layer are stainless steel plate structures, and the connecting plate disposed at a middle layer is a non-rigid plate structure; wherein the acoustic detector is disposed inside the base.
Specifically, in this embodiment, in the development of the hail detection method, the sound sensation is a common detection direction, the diameter and the hail-dropping density of the hail can be detected, the hail is a short-time precipitation with short time and high intensity, when the hail impinges on the pickup plate, not only the impingement point will generate an acoustic signal, but also other areas on the plate will resonate, and an interference acoustic signal is generated. In addition, in a shorter period of time, there may be a plurality of hail striking the pickup plate, and if the influence of resonance is not considered, the collected acoustic signals contain more disturbing acoustic signals. Thus, when hail dropping speed and hail size characteristic information are measured by utilizing sound sensation, eliminating errors generated by resonance of a pickup plate is a precondition for successful measurement.
Therefore, in order to remove the influence of the resonance of the hailplate 1 on the hailplate acoustic signals, the connecting plates used by the hailplate 1 are of a three-layer structure, the two connecting plates at the uppermost layer and the lowest layer are of stainless steel plate structures, and the middle interlayer is filled with a non-rigid damping material, so that the occurrence of the resonance can be effectively prevented, and the definition of acoustic signal transmission is not affected. The effect of this structure has been verified by the puck test in which no significant vibration occurs at the rest of the location when the puck hits hailplate 1, except for the fact that the uppermost stainless steel plate produces an acoustic signal at the instant of being hit.
Meanwhile, the acoustic detector is arranged inside the base and is not in contact with the external environment, so that influence of noise of the external environment on acoustic signals can be reduced.
Optionally, the bracket structure 5 comprises a bracket main body arranged perpendicular to the ground plane and at least one bracket branch protruding from the top end of the bracket main body, wherein the end of one bracket branch is provided with the anemometer 3; the hailplate 1 is arranged at the joint of the intersection points of the bracket main body and all the bracket branches; the hail data calculation module 4 is arranged on the bracket main body.
Optionally, the device further comprises an image acquisition device 2 arranged on the other bracket branch and used for acquiring video image data of hail falling onto the hailplate, wherein the image acquisition device 2 can set whether to acquire a photo or a video, and the acquired content is sent to a server designated by a user through an ftp protocol for subsequent comparison; when there is the hail whereabouts on the hail-detecting board, image acquisition device opens and carries out the record through the mode of image and video, can regard as the evidence of hail data discrimination.
Hail quantity information is obtained through hail acoustic signals, the hail falls on the hail detection plate and has sound signals, the hail data calculation module records the number of single hails for each sound signal, meanwhile, images of the hail when the hail occurs are collected, and basis is provided for later discrimination of whether the hail is generated or not.
Optionally, the hail data calculation module 4 is further configured to,
obtaining the number of hail falling on the hailplate in a preset time according to the hail acoustic signals, and calculating to obtain the hail falling density in the preset time;
acquiring a preset puck experimental data table, and according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal, looking up a table to obtain hail dropping speed;
calculating to obtain the diameter of the single hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information;
calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation corresponding to the single hail according to the diameter of the single hail;
and calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail corresponding to the one hail process according to the equivalent precipitation amount of all the single hails in the one hail process (determined according to the hail acoustic signals).
Specifically, in this embodiment, the effect of hailplate resonance on hailplate acoustic signals is first removed by the customized hailplate, and the hailplate has sufficient strength and rigidity without generating resonance interference with hailplate velocity and hailplate diameter measurements. Secondly, the application obtains the characteristic information of hail falling density, hail falling speed, hail diameter and the like through the acoustic signals measured by the acoustic detector. And finally, calculating the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail, effectively extracting the hail precipitation amount from the mixed precipitation, and providing rich data for disaster assessment of the hail.
Referring to fig. 3, the embodiment of the application also provides a hail measurement method based on the acoustic principle, which is applied to a hail data calculation module and comprises the following steps:
s100, acquiring hail acoustic signals emitted by hail falling onto the hailplate;
s200, acquiring real-time wind speed information;
and S300, calculating hail dropping density, hail dropping speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount according to the hail acoustic signals and the real-time wind speed information.
Preferably, in another embodiment of the present application, the step S300 of calculating hail dropping density, hail dropping speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount according to the hail acoustic signal and the real-time wind speed information specifically includes the steps of:
s310, obtaining the number of hails falling on the hail-detecting plate in a preset time according to the hail acoustic signals, and calculating to obtain the hail-falling density in the preset time;
the number N of hail falling on the hail-detecting plate is received within a preset period of time (1 h) according to the hail acoustic signals (the number of hails is recorded in each acoustic signal), and then the hail falling density within the preset period of time is N/1 h.
S320, acquiring a preset puck experimental data table, and looking up a table according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal to obtain hail dropping speed;
s330, calculating to obtain the diameter of the single hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information;
s340, calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation corresponding to the single hail according to the diameter of the single hail;
and S350, calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail corresponding to the primary hail process according to the equivalent precipitation amount of all the single hails in the primary hail process (determined according to the hail acoustic signals).
Preferably, in another embodiment of the present application, the step S320 of obtaining a preset puck experimental data table, and looking up a table to obtain hail dropping speed according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal specifically includes the following steps:
s321, dropping experimental ice hockey from the same height to the corresponding mapping relation between acoustic signals sent by the hail-detecting plate and the dropping speed of the experimental ice hockey at different speeds to obtain a preset ice hockey experimental data table;
s322, according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signals, obtaining the hail falling speed through table lookup.
Specifically, in this embodiment, first, an ice hockey experiment is performed: throwing the ice hockey from the same height at different speeds to strike the hailplate, and counting the speed v of the ice hockey striking the hailplate Hail And the acoustic signals collected by the acoustic detector are analyzed to obtain the corresponding mapping relation between the acoustic signals received by the hail-detecting plate and the hail-falling speed after a large number of ice hockey experiments are completed, and a preset ice hockey experiment data table can be obtained at the moment.
When the hail impacts the hailplate in the actual hail process, the acoustic detector receives acoustic signals, and the corresponding hail falling speed v is obtained by using a preset puck experimental data table obtained by the experimental results Hail 。
Preferably, in another embodiment of the present application, the step S330 of calculating the diameter of the hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information specifically includes the following steps:
hail diameter of single particleThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
wherein, hail falls down the speed perpendicularly；
Wherein c is an air resistance coefficient; g is gravity acceleration; ρ air Is air density; ρ ice Is ice density;hail dropping speed is hail; v ⊥ In the vertical direction for real-time wind speedIs a component of (a).
Specifically, in this embodiment, through a large number of experiments with the puck, a correspondence between the acoustic signal generated by vibration when the hail strikes the hailplate and the hail dropping speed may be obtained. According to the principle of the balance final speed of solid precipitation particles under the static wind condition, at the end of the descent, the gravity of hail and the air resistance are balanced, and the hail descends at a uniform speed at the final balance speed. Thus, the hail diameter can be determined from the acoustic signal measured by the acoustic detector. However, hail is a strong convective weather phenomenon, often accompanied by strong wind, and therefore wind speed becomes an impact factor that must be considered when calculating hail diameter from acoustic signals.
Real-time wind speed V measured by anemometer Wind According to the real-time wind speed V Wind Obtaining the component v in the vertical direction ⊥ Thus, hail vertical falling speed can be obtained。
Under the condition that the influence of wind speed is not considered, when an object freely falling from the sky approaches the ground, the gravity and the air resistance of the object reach balance, the falling speed is the final balance speed of the free falling body, and the specific formula is as follows: mg=kv 2 （1）。
Where m is hail mass, g is gravitational acceleration, v is hail falling speed not affected by wind speed, and k is related to windward area, air density and air resistance coefficient of the object, and is obtained by formula (2): k=1/(2·c·ρ air ·s)（2）。
Where s is the windward area of hail and s=pi·d i 2 4; c is the air resistance coefficient; ρ air Is the air density.
The hail obtained above is dropped verticallySubstituting into the formula (1), namely:
v=，
and also
m=4/3·π·D i 3 /8·ρ ice （3）；
Wherein ρ is ice Is ice density.
The simultaneous formulas (1), (2) and (3) can calculate the diameter of the hailThe method comprises the following steps:
。
preferably, in another embodiment of the present application, the step S340 calculates an equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to the hail according to the hail diameter; s350, calculating the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail corresponding to the primary hail process according to the equivalent precipitation amount of all the single hails in the primary hail process (determined according to the hail acoustic signals), wherein the steps specifically comprise the following steps:
equivalent precipitation amount P corresponding to single hail i The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
P i =4/3·π·r i 3 /s plate ；
wherein, the radius r of the single hail i =D i /2；
Hail equivalent precipitation amount P corresponding to one hail process Hail The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
;
wherein s is plate Is the hailplate area; p (P) i Equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to single hail; n is the number of hail obtained in a hail process according to the number of received hail acoustic signals.
Specifically, in this embodiment, in disaster assessment of weather modification, in addition to hail density, hail diameter, hail speed, hail equivalent precipitation amount may also effectively describe hail intensity. Because the generation of hail is mostly accompanied with rainfall, the common rainfall cylinder cannot quantify the equivalent precipitation amount of hail, the application can calculate the equivalent precipitation amount of hail through the algorithm, and effectively separate hail precipitation from mixed precipitation.
Therefore, the application firstly removes the influence of the resonance of the hailplate on the hailplate acoustic signals through the special hailplate, and the hailplate has enough strength and rigidity and can not generate resonance interference with the measurement results of hailplate speed and hailplate diameter. Secondly, the application obtains the characteristic information of hail falling density, hail falling speed, hail diameter and the like through the acoustic signals measured by the acoustic detector, and particularly, the influence of wind speed on the hail diameter is considered when calculating the hail diameter. Finally, through an algorithm, the application can calculate the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail, effectively extract the hail precipitation amount from the mixed precipitation, and provide abundant data for disaster assessment of the hail.
It should be noted that, in practical application, the hail diameters obtained by the above calculation are classified into 15 types according to the hail diameter D, the range is 5-75 mm, the following table (a) is a hail spectrum diameter classification class table, and the distribution class table displays the percentage of hail according to different classes of hail sizes, namely, the hail spectrum.
The hail size classification table of the sensor includes 15 equidistant steps. The minimum ranking has a lower diameter of 5mm and the maximum ranking has a lower diameter of 75mm, corresponding to the detection and saturation thresholds of the sensor, respectively.
Watch 1
Thus, the hail diameter result obtained above can be used to look up a table to obtain a corresponding diameter grade label.
The determination of hail spectra not only helps us to understand more deeply the formation and development process of hail, but also can be used to simulate and predict climate phenomena. These data may help researchers improve climate models so that they are more accurate in simulating similar extreme weather events. For example, the magnitude of hail may reflect updraft intensity in the cloud, while the distribution of hail may reveal the complexity of the microphysical process. This information is very important for understanding the aerodynamics and cloud physics. In addition, hail spectrum data can also provide more visual data for the evaluation of hail disaster intensity. Decision makers and emergency response teams can evaluate the extent of damage they may produce by the number distribution of hail of different sizes, thereby formulating a more efficient disaster response and recovery plan.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be noted that in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the application to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. Hail measuring device based on acoustic principle, characterized by comprising:
a support structure;
the hailplate is arranged on the bracket structure and is used for receiving falling hail;
an acoustic detector connected to said hailplate for receiving hail acoustic signals from hailplate falling onto said hailplate;
the anemometer is arranged on the bracket structure and is used for measuring real-time wind speed information; the method comprises the steps of,
the hail data calculation module is arranged on the bracket structure and is in communication connection with the acoustic detector and the anemometer, for receiving and based on said hail acoustic signals and said real-time wind speed information, hail drop density, hail drop velocity, hail diameter, and hail equivalent precipitation amount are calculated.
2. The hail measuring device based on acoustic principles according to claim 1, wherein said hailplate comprises a base connected with said support structure, and three connection plates arranged above said base and stacked and connected, two connection plates positioned at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are provided with stainless steel plate structures, and said connection plate positioned at the middle layer is provided with a non-rigid plate structure;
wherein the acoustic detector is disposed inside the base.
3. The hail measuring device based on acoustic principles according to claim 1, wherein the support structure comprises a support body arranged perpendicular to a ground plane, and at least one support branch protruding from a top end of the support body, wherein an end of one of the support branches is provided with the anemometer;
the hailplate is arranged at the joint of the intersection points of the bracket main body and all the bracket branches;
the hail data calculation module is arranged on the support main body.
4. The hail measuring device based on acoustic principles of claim 3 further comprising an image acquisition device positioned on another of said leg branches for acquiring video image data of hail falling onto said hailplate.
5. The hail measurement device based on acoustic principles according to claim 1, wherein the hail data calculation module is further configured to,
obtaining the number of hail falling on the hailplate in a preset time according to the hail acoustic signals, and calculating to obtain the hail falling density in the preset time;
acquiring a preset puck experimental data table, and according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal, looking up a table to obtain hail dropping speed;
calculating to obtain the diameter of the single hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information;
calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation corresponding to the single hail according to the diameter of the single hail;
and calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail corresponding to one hail process according to the equivalent precipitation amount of the single hail and the hail acoustic signal.
6. The hail measuring method based on the acoustic principle is applied to a hail data calculation module and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring hail acoustic signals emitted by hail falling onto the hailplate;
acquiring real-time wind speed information;
and calculating hail density, hail speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount according to the hail acoustic signals and the real-time wind speed information.
7. The hail measuring method based on acoustic principles according to claim 6, wherein the step of calculating hail falling density, hail falling speed, hail diameter and hail equivalent precipitation amount according to the hail acoustic signals and the real-time wind speed information comprises the following steps:
obtaining the number of hail falling on the hailplate in a preset time according to the hail acoustic signals, and calculating to obtain the hail falling density in the preset time;
acquiring a preset puck experimental data table, and according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal, looking up a table to obtain hail dropping speed;
calculating to obtain the diameter of the single hail according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information;
calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation corresponding to the single hail according to the diameter of the single hail;
and calculating to obtain the equivalent precipitation amount of the hail corresponding to one hail process according to the equivalent precipitation amount of the single hail and the hail acoustic signal.
8. The hail measuring method based on acoustic principles according to claim 7, wherein the step of obtaining a hail dropping speed by obtaining a preset puck experimental data table and looking up a table according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signal comprises the steps of:
the experimental ice hockey falls from the same height to the corresponding mapping relation between the acoustic signals sent by the hailplate and the falling speed of the experimental ice hockey at different speeds to obtain a preset ice hockey experimental data table;
and according to the preset puck experimental data table and the hail acoustic signals, obtaining the hail dropping speed by looking up the table.
9. The method for measuring hail based on acoustic principles according to claim 7, wherein the step of calculating a single hail diameter according to the hail dropping speed and the real-time wind speed information comprises the steps of:
hail diameter of single particleThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
wherein, hail falls down the speed perpendicularly；
Wherein c is an air resistance coefficient; g is gravity acceleration; ρ air Is air density; ρ ice Is ice density;hail dropping speed is hail; v ⊥ Is the component of the real-time wind speed in the vertical direction.
10. The hail measurement method based on the acoustic principle according to claim 7, wherein the equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to the single hail is calculated according to the single hail diameter; according to the equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to the single hail and the hail acoustic signal, calculating to obtain the hail equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to one hail process, specifically comprising the following steps:
equivalent precipitation amount P corresponding to single hail i The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
wherein, the radius r of the single hail i =D i /2；
Hail equivalent precipitation amount P corresponding to one hail process Hail The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
;
wherein s is plate Is the hailplate area; p (P) i Equivalent precipitation amount corresponding to single hail; n is the number of hail obtained in a hail process according to the number of received hail acoustic signals.
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