CN117074206A - Temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device and method - Google Patents
Temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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Abstract
In the field of high-temperature mechanical testing, the invention provides a device and a method for in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test of a temperature-adjustable region, wherein the device comprises a mechanical loading unit, a clamp unit, a high-temperature furnace and a heating unit; the sample is heated by halogen lamp radiation, and the lamp cover is provided with hemispherical reflecting surfaces and is circumferentially arranged on the upper chamber wall and the lower chamber wall in confocal arrangement. Through the knob on the mount pad regulation, the lamp can carry out the manual angle regulation incident angle of low-angle simultaneously, utilizes temperature measurement module to detect temperature distribution condition, adjusts the focus position of all halogen lamps to sample center. The test sample can be rapidly heated, transiently changed in temperature and continuously subjected to ultrahigh temperature in the ultrahigh temperature experiment process, and the real extreme service environment of the material is simulated to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-temperature mechanical testing, in particular to an in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device and method for a temperature-adjustable region.
Background
In the aerospace field, materials are often in a high-temperature and ablative environment, and the mechanical properties of the materials are greatly changed in the high-temperature environment compared with room temperature. Therefore, the research on the high-temperature mechanical properties of the material has important significance for evaluating the deformation and damage mechanism of the material under the high-temperature condition. The material has a complex three-dimensional microscopic structure, and the damage and failure mechanisms are more complex and various under the high-temperature environment. Conventional dislocation and surface observational means have difficulty providing sufficient information to analyze the damage and failure mechanisms of the material. Therefore, development of experimental instruments and test methods for high-temperature in-situ and internal observation of materials has important significance in improving the safety, reliability and service life of materials.
Real deformation and damage conditions inside the material can be obtained through a three-dimensional visualization mode by the in-situ loading device based on CT, so that the evolution of internal structures and defects in the deformation, damage and destruction process of the material under the ultra-high temperature condition is revealed. For in-situ high-temperature equipment, the multifunctional high-temperature furnace equipment has the advantages of rapid temperature rise, transient temperature change, accurate temperature control and suitability for various atmosphere environments (vacuum, inert gas environments and aerobic environments), and has larger bearing capacity. Aiming at the defects that most of high-temperature furnaces have low temperature rising rate, cannot control transient temperature and can not adapt to various atmosphere environments at the same time, the high-temperature furnace based on the halogen lamp infrared radiation heating technology is a good choice. However, on one hand, the method is limited by the number of heat sources of the existing high-temperature furnace, and on the other hand, the high-temperature furnace is influenced by the precision of the focus position of the halogen lamp focusing and heating caused by the processing precision problem, the deformation caused by temperature change and the like, so that the temperature range which can be achieved by a test area of the high-temperature furnace is limited, and the high temperature is difficult to stably achieve in the center of the furnace body, namely a test sample test area; in addition, the size of the test area can be changed along with the external dimension of the test sample, and the accurate control of the focus position of the halogen lamp to control the size of the heating temperature area is also a problem to be solved urgently; finally, due to the shape of the cone beam of the X-rays and the energy of the X-rays, the window of the aluminum window for transmitting the X-rays, which is arranged in the high-temperature furnace, is thinner, so that the problems of insufficient bearing capacity and stability are caused, and the device cannot realize high-load loading.
In high-temperature in-situ equipment based on laboratory X-ray three-dimensional tomography imaging, a traditional high-temperature furnace is heated in a heat conduction and electromagnetic induction mode, and heat conduction is such as a silicon-molybdenum rod heating high-temperature furnace and a graphite heating high-temperature furnace, so that the two high-temperature furnaces are low in heating efficiency and low in heating rate, can only perform stepped heating, and cannot realize transient temperature change control. In addition, the graphite heating body is often required to be protected by inert gas, and the heating body can be oxidized in an aerobic environment. The electric heating is limited by the requirements of the aerobic environment of the test and the conductivity of the tested sample, and the use is limited. Therefore, the mode of using a halogen lamp as a heat source of a small in-situ force-heat-oxygen coupling loading testing machine for radiation heating at present can meet the requirements of a multifunctional high-temperature furnace with the characteristics of rapid temperature rise, transient temperature change, continuous ultrahigh temperature and suitability for various atmosphere environments.
The invention patent with publication number CN111948065A discloses a high Wen Zaiwei loading CT test system based on a laboratory X-ray source and a method thereof. The device mainly comprises a tensile testing machine, an upward-pulling compression bar, a downward-pulling compression bar, a high-temperature furnace bracket, a high-temperature furnace, a circulating water cooling device, a dynamic sealing device, an upper clamp, a lower clamp, an incident window, a transmission window, a ray source, a detector, a first moving device, a second moving device, a temperature sensor, a rotating motor, a temperature control panel and a control console. The halogen bulb is adopted to heat the sample in a radiation way, the circulating water cooling device is used for cooling the wall of the sample cavity to keep the indoor temperature, the first moving device and the second moving device are used for horizontally and vertically moving to realize the stretching and compression of the sample in the sample cavity, and the X-rays detect the internal damage information of the sample in the stretching or compression process through the incident window to obtain the evolution information of the material damage. The temperature range which can be reached by the system and the method is 800-1200 ℃, and the ultrahigh temperature test requirement of the service condition of the high-temperature ceramic cannot be met; the system and the method have the advantages that the positions of the halogen lamps used as radiation heating sources are fixed, and due to errors caused by machining, assembling and high-temperature deformation, errors can occur in the focusing and heating areas of the halogen lamps along with the use of equipment, so that the temperature of a testing area is difficult to control accurately, and the maximum heating temperature is reduced; in addition, the patent adopts the design of separation type through loading device and heating device, combines large-scale loading device, can realize big load loading, however this will lead to the whole volume of instrument too big, can not satisfy the demand of test in different places.
The invention patent with publication number CN111060406A discloses a high-precision creep fatigue crack growth testing machine which comprises a direct-current bias power supply, a voltage meter and a testing host, wherein the testing host comprises a high-temperature CT stretching tool, a high-temperature furnace observation window, a split high-temperature furnace (1200 ℃), a high-temperature furnace rotating support, an electronic universal testing host, a CCD camera rotating support, a CCD camera, a temperature control box, a temperature control system, a testing control system and software. The crack propagation test of the high-temperature alloy material in a high-temperature environment is realized by improving the conventional static electronic universal tester and adding the software and hardware. The highest temperature which can be reached by the system is about 1200 ℃, and the ultrahigh temperature test requirement of the service condition of the high-temperature ceramic cannot be met; the diameter of the split type high-temperature furnace adopted in the device is larger, the imaging time is correspondingly prolonged due to the larger imaging distance, and the requirement of rapid imaging cannot be met; meanwhile, the device is large in size, and due to the requirement of material testing, the test experiment can be finished by an X-ray source or a synchrotron radiation light source in a laboratory, and the device cannot meet the requirements of portability and different-place testing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the high-temperature furnace and the in-situ experimental device, the invention provides the in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading experimental device and the in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading experimental method for the temperature-adjustable region, which can realize fast heating rate, concentrated focusing heating and high temperature threshold on the one hand under the condition that the highest heating temperature is not lower than 2300 ℃; on the other hand, the portable design is realized while the load is large, so that the requirement of the in-situ high-temperature equipment in-situ test can be met, and the portable design specifically comprises the following steps:
the in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device for the temperature-adjustable area comprises a mechanical loading unit, a clamp unit, a high-temperature furnace and a heating unit;
the high-temperature furnace comprises an upper furnace body, an annular X-ray transmission window and a lower furnace body which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the top of the annular X-ray transmission window is connected with the bottom of the upper furnace body through a first flange, the bottom of the annular X-ray transmission window is communicated with the top of the lower furnace body through a second flange, and water cooling pipelines are respectively arranged in the side wall of the first flange and the side wall of the second flange;
a water cooling pipeline is arranged in the annular shell of the annular X-ray transmission window, and a vacuum conduit is arranged on the side wall of the high-temperature furnace;
The clamp unit is arranged in the high-temperature furnace, the clamp unit and the high-temperature furnace are coaxially arranged, the clamp unit is used for clamping a sample, the clamp unit comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp, the mounting end of the upper clamp is connected with the output end of the mechanical loading unit, and the mounting end of the lower clamp is fixed at the bottom of the lower furnace body;
the mechanical loading unit applies pretightening force or precompression to the sample through the clamp unit and keeps the sample stable;
the heating unit comprises halogen lamps, a lamp shade and a mounting seat, wherein the halogen lamps are arranged in the lamp shade, the lamp shade is arranged in the mounting seat, a plurality of mounting holes are uniformly formed in the spherical side wall of the upper furnace body and the spherical side wall of the lower furnace body respectively in the circumferential direction, and the mounting seat is arranged on the high-temperature furnace through the mounting holes, wherein the number of the halogen lamps is matched with the number of the mounting holes;
wherein, the mount pad includes:
the base is arranged on the surface of the outer side wall of the high-temperature furnace, and the position of the base is matched with the position of the mounting hole;
the annular fixing flange is arranged on the base through a rotating rod;
The annular movable flange is arranged between the base and the annular fixed flange, and the cover edge of the lampshade is arranged in an annular mounting groove on the inner side wall of the annular movable flange;
the number of the rotating rods is at least two, the rotating rods are uniformly and circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the annular fixed flange, the rotating rods sequentially penetrate through the base and the annular movable flange and are arranged on the annular fixed flange, and the annular movable flange is in threaded arrangement with the rod body of the rotating rod;
a knob is arranged at one end of the rotating rod, which is far away from the annular fixed plate, and is rotated to adjust the distance between the corresponding halogen lamp and the sample, and/or rotated to adjust the light direction of the corresponding halogen lamp;
the inner wall of the lamp shade is provided with a reflecting surface, and the inner wall of the lamp shade supports focusing received light rays onto the center point of the sample.
Preferably, the mounting seat further comprises a spring, the spring is sleeved on the rotating rod, and the spring is arranged between the annular fixing flange and the annular moving flange.
Preferably, the number of the rotating rods on one of the bases ranges from 2 to 8, and the number of the rotating rods, the number of the knobs and the number of the springs are adapted to each other.
Preferably, the vacuum conduit is connected with the air extracting device, and the vacuum conduit is used for forming a vacuum environment in the high-temperature furnace;
or;
the vacuum conduit is connected with the air inlet device and is used for introducing inert gas into the high-temperature furnace.
Preferably, the number of halogen lamps ranges between 6 and 8.
Preferably, the cylindrical X-ray transmission window is made of an aluminum alloy, the thickness of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 50 and 300 mu m, the height of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 2 and 15mm, and the diameter of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 30 and 200 mm.
Preferably, a temperature measuring port is arranged on the side wall of the high-temperature furnace;
a thermocouple sensor is arranged on the temperature measuring port and is used for measuring the temperature in the high-temperature furnace,
or an infrared thermometer is arranged outside the temperature measuring port, infrared glass or quartz glass is arranged at the temperature measuring port, and the infrared thermometer measures the temperature in the high-temperature furnace through the infrared glass or the quartz glass.
Preferably, the upper clamp is installed on the mechanical loading unit through an upward-pulling compression bar, and the lower clamp is installed at the bottom of the lower furnace body through a downward-pulling compression bar;
And water cooling pipelines are respectively arranged in the rod of the upper pulling pressure rod and the rod of the lower pulling pressure rod.
The in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test method for the temperature-adjustable zone comprises the following steps of:
s1, building an in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device of the temperature-adjustable region;
s2, fixing a sample in a clamp unit, adjusting the center of the test piece in the high-temperature furnace, and rotating a knob to adjust the distance from each halogen lamp to the sample and focus the light of each halogen lamp on the sample;
s3, adjusting the height of an incident source of the X-ray, and keeping the height of the incident source of the X-ray and the incident window and the transmission window of the X-ray transmission window at the same height;
s4, a mechanical loading unit applies pretightening force or precompression to the sample through the clamp unit, and the sample is kept stable in the clamp unit;
s5, forming a vacuum environment in the high-temperature furnace or filling inert gas in the high-temperature furnace through a vacuum guide pipe;
s6, opening a water-cooling pipeline of the high-temperature furnace, a water-cooling pipeline of the X-ray transmission window, a water-cooling pipeline of the upward-pulling compression bar and a water-cooling pipeline of the downward-pulling compression bar;
S7, loading test is carried out.
Preferably, the high temperature furnace supports a heating temperature of 2300 ℃ or higher.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing similar invention or product, the invention greatly reduces the volume, can realize large load loading, and can be installed and used in various laboratory X-ray systems and synchrotron radiation light sources through simple disassembly and assembly steps;
2. the volume of the high-temperature furnace is reduced to the greatest extent, and the imaging time is shorter than that of the existing similar invention or product;
3. the design of the X-ray transmission window greatly reduces the absorption of X-rays in the imaging experiment process, and the obtained projection image contains more image information;
4. a halogen lamp is used as a heating source, a plurality of heating units are arranged in a confocal way in the circumferential directions of an upper furnace body and a lower furnace body, so that the temperature of a sample can be quickly increased and changed in a transient state in the ultra-high temperature experiment process, and the real extreme service environment of the material is simulated to the greatest extent;
5. the axial position and angle of the halogen lamp can be adjusted, so that the change of the focal position of the heat source caused by machining precision or high-temperature deformation is avoided, and the problems of temperature area change, uneven heating, slow heating rate and the like possibly occurring in the using process are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mounting base according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a mounting base provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a cylindrical X-ray window according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a cylindrical X-ray window provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a high Wen Lujie structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a partial view of a heat insulating unit according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is an exploded view of a heat insulating unit according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a mechanical loading unit; 2. a clamp unit; 21. a clamp is arranged; 22. pulling up the compression bar; 23. a lower clamp; 24. pulling down the compression bar; 3. a high temperature furnace; 31. an upper furnace body; 32. a lower furnace body; 33. a cylindrical X-ray window; 34. a first flange; 35. a second flange; 41. a lamp shade; 42. a mounting base; 421. a base; 422. an annular fixed flange; 423. an annular moving flange; 4231. an annular mounting groove; 424. a rotating rod; 425. a knob; 426. a spring; 5. a heat insulation unit; 51. an upper mounting plate; 52. a lower water cooling plate; 6. a temperature measuring bracket; a linear guide 61; 62. a slide frame, 63, a fixed plate 63; a. and (3) a sample.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. Likewise, the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar terms do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
It should be noted that "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like are used in the present invention only to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed accordingly.
In the patent application with publication number of CN115575422a, named as "in-situ X-ray imaging four-point bending test device and method in force-heat-oxygen environment", the heating unit in the prior art is not controllable, the water cooling system is provided only on the furnace wall of the high-temperature furnace 3, the clamp unit 2 and the ray window are not considered, and high-temperature heating cannot be realized by inverting the prior art, because during high-temperature heating, the focusing adjustment of the family unit in the comparison document cannot meet the requirement and the cooling unit is not arranged in place.
Aiming at various problems existing in the prior art, the portable high-temperature furnace 3 realizes the highest heating temperature of over 2300 ℃, on one hand, the rapid heating rate, concentrated focusing heating and high temperature threshold value can be realized; on the other hand, the portable design is realized while the load is large, and the requirement of the in-situ high-temperature equipment in-situ test can be met. The method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1 to 11, an in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device for a temperature-adjustable zone comprises a mechanical loading unit 1, a clamp unit 2, a high-temperature furnace 3 and a heating unit; the high-temperature furnace 3 comprises an upper furnace body 31, a cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33 and a lower furnace body 32 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the inner walls of the upper furnace body 31 and the lower furnace body 32 are respectively provided with water cooling pipelines, the top of the cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33 is connected with the bottom of the upper furnace body 31 through a first flange 34, the bottom of the cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33 is communicated with the top of the lower furnace body 32 through a second flange 35, and the water cooling pipelines are respectively arranged in the side walls of the first flange 34 and the side walls of the second flange 35; a water cooling pipeline is arranged in the annular shell of the cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33, and a vacuum conduit is arranged on the side wall of the high-temperature furnace 3; the fixture unit 2 is arranged in the high-temperature furnace 3, the fixture unit 2 and the high-temperature furnace 3 are coaxially arranged, the fixture unit 2 is used for clamping a sample a, the fixture unit comprises an upper fixture 21 and a lower fixture 23, the installation end of the upper fixture 21 is connected with the output end of the mechanical loading unit 1, and the installation end of the lower fixture 23 is fixed at the bottom of the lower furnace body 32.
Wherein the mechanical loading unit 1 applies a pre-tightening force or pre-pressing force to the sample a through the clamp unit 2 and keeps the sample a stable;
the heating unit comprises a halogen lamp, a lamp shade 41 and a mounting seat 42, wherein the halogen lamp is arranged in the lamp shade 41, and the lamp shade 41 is arranged in the mounting seat 42
Wherein a plurality of mounting holes are uniformly circumferentially formed in the spherical side wall of the upper furnace body 31 and the spherical side wall of the lower furnace body 32, and the mounting seats 42 are mounted on the high-temperature furnace 3 through the mounting holes, wherein the number of the halogen lamps is matched with that of the mounting holes;
wherein the mounting base 42 comprises:
a base 421, wherein the base 421 is installed on the surface of the outer side wall of the high-temperature furnace 3, and the position of the base 421 is matched with the position of the installation hole;
an annular fixing flange 422, the annular fixing flange 422 being mounted on the base 421 by a rotating rod 424;
an annular moving flange 423, the annular moving flange 423 being disposed between the base 421 and the annular fixing flange 422, the cover edge of the lamp housing 41 being mounted in an annular mounting groove 4231 on an inner side wall of the annular moving flange 423;
the number of the rotating rods 424 is at least two, the rotating rods 424 are uniformly and circumferentially arranged on the annular fixed flange 422, the rotating rods 424 sequentially penetrate through the base 421 and the annular movable flange 423 and are arranged on the annular fixed flange 422, and the annular movable flange 423 and a rod body of the rotating rods 424 are in threaded arrangement;
A knob 425 is arranged at one end of the rotating rod 424 away from the annular fixed plate, and the knob 425 is rotated to adjust the distance between the corresponding halogen lamp and the sample a, and/or the knob 425 is rotated to adjust the light direction of the corresponding halogen lamp;
the inner wall of the lamp shade 41 is a reflecting surface, and the inner wall of the lamp shade 41 supports focusing the received light on the center point of the sample a.
The specific structure of the device comprises: the device comprises a mechanical loading unit 1, a high-temperature furnace 3, a water cooling circulation system, a dynamic sealing device, a clamp unit 2, a temperature control system and a temperature measurement system.
The water cooling circulation system here refers to water cooling pipelines arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33, water cooling pipelines in the upward-pulling compression bar 22 and the downward-pulling compression bar 24, and water cooling pipelines in the wall of the high-temperature furnace 3. The water cooling circulation system is used for ensuring that the temperature of the periphery of the furnace body and the temperature of the sensor connected with the tension-compression rod are not too high. The water cooling circulation system comprises a water cooling inlet and a water cooling outlet, water in the external water cooling box enters the water cooling cavity of the high temperature furnace 3 through the water cooling inlet, and then flows back to the external water cooling box from the water cooling outlet, so that the water cooling circulation is completed. An insulating layer is arranged in the direction of the water cooling cavity towards the center of the high temperature furnace 3 to ensure that the high temperature environment inside the furnace body 32 is more stable in the working state,
The temperature control system is an electric control system provided by the application, and the heating unit, the mechanical loading unit 1, the infrared thermometer or the thermocouple sensor and the like are controlled to heat the sample a according to the temperature measured by the infrared thermometer (infrared thermometer) or the thermocouple sensor.
The dynamic sealing system herein means that the high temperature furnace 3 is a closed space, and when the present apparatus is built, it is necessary to seal the high temperature furnace 3, wherein one embodiment includes: the dynamic sealing unit comprises a sealing gland and a sealing shaft sleeve; the tubular sealing shaft sleeve is tightly sleeved outside the upper pulling compression bar 22 or the lower pulling compression bar 24, and the sealing shaft sleeve is coaxially and hermetically connected with the space between the top wall of the high-temperature furnace 3 and the upper pulling compression bar 22 or the bottom wall of the high-temperature furnace 3 and the lower pulling compression bar 24; the annular sealing gland is positioned at the top end or the bottom end of the sealing shaft sleeve and seals the outer surface of the top wall or the outer surface of the bottom wall of the high-temperature furnace 3. The sealing shaft sleeve is made of heat-resistant rubber and matched with a sealing gland to seal the space between the top wall and the bottom wall of the high-temperature furnace 3, and the gland and the shaft sleeve can not limit the circumferential and axial movement of the upward-pulling compression bar 22 and the downward-pulling compression bar 24. Although not shown in the drawings, the specific manner and means of sealing and prior art are not repeated.
The heating units mainly adopt halogen lamps, the halogen lamps are adopted to reflect and focus to heat the sample a, the halogen lamps are circumferentially arranged on the upper furnace body 32 and the lower furnace body 32 of the high-temperature furnace 3, and each heating unit consists of an ellipsoidal reflecting surface (the inner wall of the lampshade 41), the halogen lamps and the mounting seats 42. The high temperature furnace 3 is provided with a vacuum conduit (the wall of the high temperature furnace 3 is provided with a corresponding installation position, the vacuum conduit is installed in, the drawing of the application is not shown), and the vacuum conduit can be connected with a vacuum pump to pump vacuum or inert gas can be introduced. The high-temperature furnace 3 is rigidly connected with the mechanical loading unit 1 by adopting a connecting rod, an upper/lower pull pressure rod 24 channel is reserved up and down in the high-temperature furnace 3, a bellows or a JO type sealing ring is adopted between the pull rod and the high-temperature furnace 3 for dynamic sealing, and an upper clamp 21 and a lower clamp 23 are respectively arranged at the bottom end of the upper pull pressure rod 22 and the top end of the lower pull pressure rod 24 in the high-temperature furnace 3.
The mechanical loading unit 1 is in the prior art, and a sample a is fixed in an upper clamp and a lower clamp, and the front and back positions of each heating unit can be adjusted, and the incidence angles of the heating and reflecting units can be adjusted at a small angle so as to ensure that a focus of focusing heating is positioned at the center of the test sample a; the high-temperature furnace 3 utilizes a plurality of heating units to perform focusing heating on the sample a, and performs constant temperature experiments and variable temperature experiments under vacuum or inert environment by controlling the power of a halogen lamp; a thermocouple sensor is arranged in the high-temperature furnace 3 and is connected to a temperature control console through a data line to control the temperature to a specified heating temperature; the furnace wall of the high-temperature furnace 3 and the positions of the clamps are provided with water cooling devices so as to ensure that the surrounding environment of the high-temperature furnace 3 and the upper and lower pulling compression bars 24 work in a normal temperature environment; the mechanical loading unit 1 adopts a servo motor and a speed reducer as power sources, the speed reducer is connected with a screw rod through a coupler, and the screw rod drives a sliding block connected with a pull-up compression rod 22 to axially move so as to stretch or compress a sample a (a mechanical sensor is arranged in the mechanical loading unit 1, and the mechanical sensor is arranged in the prior art and is not repeated). The high temperature furnace 3 is provided with a cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33 (also an annular aluminum window), and the aluminum window cannot be too thick due to the influence of X-ray penetration, so that real-time communication can be realized by a control system and a temperature control system of the testing machine, after a sample a is loaded into an in-situ high temperature clamp, the temperature control system is controlled, after the test temperature is reached, the testing machine is controlled to load the experiment, and the high temperature furnace 3 and the mechanical testing machine are integrally fixed on a rotary table and synchronously rotate with the rotary table.
In a preferred embodiment, the mounting base 42 further includes a spring 426, the spring 426 is sleeved on the rotating rod 424, and the spring 426 is disposed between the annular fixed flange 422 and the annular moving flange 423. On one of the bases 421, the number of the rotating rods 424 ranges from 2 to 8, and the number of the rotating rods 424, the number of the knobs 425, and the number of the springs 426 are adapted to each other.
Due to the arrangement of the mounting base 42, on one heating unit, the rotation mileage of one knob 425 or two (not all) or each knob 425 is different, so that the light angle of the halogen lamp can be adjusted, the same mileage can be rotated together, and the distance between the halogen lamp and the sample a can be adjusted. Therefore, each heating unit can adjust the front and back positions and the incidence angle of the heating and reflecting unit can be adjusted at a small angle so as to ensure that the focus of focusing heating is positioned at the center of the test sample a; the high temperature furnace 3 performs focusing heating of the sample a by a plurality of heating units.
In a preferred embodiment, the cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33 is made of an aluminum alloy, the thickness of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 50 μm and 300 μm, the height of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 2mm and 15mm, and the diameter of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 30mm and 200 mm. The window thickness is set to allow the X-ray beam to pass through without affecting imaging while providing mechanical support for the weight of hardware such as motors above the window and the reaction forces exerted on test sample a. The conventional window thickness is designed as a compromise between these two requirements (minimum thickness for X-ray transmission and maximum thickness for mechanical strength).
In a preferred embodiment, a temperature measuring port is arranged on the side wall of the high-temperature furnace 3; the thermocouple sensor is arranged on the temperature measuring port and is used for measuring the temperature in the high-temperature furnace 3, or an infrared thermometer is arranged outside the temperature measuring port and is provided with infrared glass or quartz glass, and the infrared thermometer is used for measuring the temperature in the high-temperature furnace 3 through the infrared glass or the quartz glass.
Preferably, the upper clamp 21 is mounted on the mechanical loading unit 1 through an upward pulling compression bar 22, and the lower clamp 23 is mounted on the bottom of the lower furnace body 32 through a downward pulling compression bar 24;
water cooling pipelines are respectively arranged in the rod of the upper pulling compression rod 22 and the rod of the lower pulling compression rod 24.
As shown in the figure, the invention is also provided with a heat isolation unit 5, since the temperature of the sample a is increased in the heating process, and the heat conduction effect between metals is good, after the temperature of the sample a is increased, the sample a can heat the upward pulling pressure rod 22 through the upper clamp 21, and the upward pulling pressure rod 22 is connected with the output end of the mechanical loading unit 1, the mechanical loading unit 1 is in the prior art, in order to avoid the overhigh temperature of the upward pulling pressure rod 22, the side walls of the upward pulling pressure rod 22 and the downward pulling pressure rod 24 are provided with water cooling pipelines, but in order to insulate the mechanical loading unit 1, the bottom of the heat isolation unit 5 is arranged at the top end of the upward pulling pressure rod 22 in a threaded manner, and the output end of the mechanical loading unit 1 is connected with the top end of the heat isolation unit 5 in a threaded manner.
Wherein the structure of the heat insulating unit 5 includes: the upper mounting plate 51 and the lower water-cooling plate 52 are square plates with the same size, an upper connecting column is arranged on the upper surface of the upper mounting plate 51, the mechanical loading unit 1 is in threaded connection with the connecting column, mounting through holes are formed in the four end angle positions of the upper connecting plate 51 and the lower water-cooling plate 52, the upper connecting plate 51 and the lower water-cooling plate 52 are fixedly mounted through the mounting through holes, water-cooling pipelines are arranged on the lower water-cooling plate 52 and on the surface, in contact with the upper connecting plate 51, of the lower water-cooling plate 52, the surface, connected with the lower water-cooling plate 52, of the upper connecting plate 51 is used for sealing the pipelines of the lower water-cooling plate 52, and water in the water-cooling pipelines of the lower water-cooling plate 52 cannot enter the mechanical loading unit 1 during operation.
The heat isolating unit 5 is to prevent heat on the sample a from being transferred to the mechanical sensor in the mechanical loading unit 1, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy.
In addition, because this device is at the during actual operation, this device sets up on a revolving stage, and the revolving stage drives this device rotation, but this device's infrared thermometer is in order to monitor the temperature in sample a center in real time, so the angle of real-time adjustment infrared thermometer is needed, in order to be able to reach this purpose, this device still includes: temperature measurement support 6, temperature measurement support 6 includes: a linear guide 61, a slide 62, and a fixed plate 63; the linear guide rail 61 is mounted on the outer wall of the mechanical loading unit 1, the sliding frame 62 is slidably mounted on the linear guide rail 61, the sliding frame 62 semi-surrounds the linear guide rail 61, as shown in the figure, the sliding frame 62 is buckled on the linear guide rail 61, the sliding frame 62 is supported to move horizontally on the linear guide rail 61, bottoms of side plates on two sides of the sliding frame 62 exceed the bottoms of the linear guide rail 61, fixing plate members 63 are mounted on the side plates on two sides of the sliding frame 62, through holes for mounting infrared thermometers are formed in the fixing plate members 63, side walls in the thickness direction of the fixing plate members 63 are mounted between the side plates on two sides of the sliding frame 62, the fixing plate members 63 are in rotary connection with the sliding frame 62, and a rotary connection mode can be a bolt or a hinge assembly.
By means of the arrangement, when the device integrally rotates, the orientation of the infrared thermometer can be adjusted to be aligned with the center position of the sample a.
In a specific embodiment of the application:
the mechanical loading unit 1 adopts a servo motor and a speed reducer as power sources, the speed reducer is connected with a screw rod through a coupler, the screw rod drives a sliding block connected with a pull-up compression rod 22 to axially move, and a force value sensor is arranged at the upper end of the pull-up compression rod 22. The device is loaded in a mechanical mode, a computer measurement control system performs closed-loop servo control on the test process, test data are automatically collected, displayed and processed, and a test curve is automatically drawn. The displacement measurement is provided by a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) connected between the linear slide and the chamber wall.
The highest temperature of the design of the high-temperature furnace 3 is not lower than 2300 ℃, and the main structure comprises an upper hemispherical vacuum chamber, a lower hemispherical vacuum chamber, a double-layer water-cooling structure, an annular aluminum alloy X-ray window (namely a cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33) and a halogen lamp arrangement area. The annular aluminum window is connected with the upper vacuum chamber and the lower vacuum chamber through flanges and sealing rings; the double-layer water cooling structure is arranged around the aluminum window to ensure that the aluminum window can work normally in a high-temperature environment, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that condensate water is formed on the surface of the aluminum window to interfere with X-ray imaging when the temperature of the aluminum window and the external temperature difference are too large is avoided; the heat-insulating layer is arranged inside the high-temperature furnace 3 to ensure that the high-temperature environment inside the furnace body 32 is more stable under the working state.
The sample a is heated by halogen lamp radiation, and the lamp housing 41 is provided with hemispherical reflecting surfaces and is mounted circumferentially on the upper and lower chamber walls in a confocal arrangement. The incidence angle can be manually adjusted at a small angle by adjusting the knob 425 on the mounting seat 42, and the temperature distribution condition is detected by using the temperature measuring module, so that the focusing positions of all halogen lamps are adjusted to the center of the sample. The halogen lamp can be operated simultaneously or selectively, and at least 1 unit can be controlled by a programmable power supply. At the highest focus, the high heat flux region is approximately spherical.
The number of halogen lamps in the upper and lower furnace bodies 32 may be 6 to 8, respectively.
The in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test method for the temperature-adjustable zone comprises the following steps of:
s1, constructing an in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device of an adjustable temperature area;
the upper furnace body 31 of the high-temperature furnace 3 is rigidly connected and supported through a support column to form a shell of a mechanical loading device, a driving machine and a speed reducer are sequentially arranged on the shell, a screw rod, a movable block on the screw rod and a mechanical sensor are arranged on the movable block, and an upper clamp 21 and a lower clamp 23 are respectively arranged at the bottom end of an upper pull compression rod 22 and the top end sensor of a lower pull compression rod 24; the bottom end of the upper pulling compression bar 22 and the top end of the lower pulling compression bar 24 are respectively connected with the top end and the bottom end of the high-temperature furnace 3 in a sealing way through a dynamic sealing device and extend into the high-temperature furnace 3 to form a sealing environment in the furnace, and the upper clamp 21 and the lower clamp 23 are positioned in the high-temperature furnace 3; a circulating water cooling device is arranged on the furnace wall of the high-temperature furnace 3; the two opposite side walls of the high temperature furnace 3 are respectively provided with a radiation source window and a detection window which are opposite to each other; the ray source and the detector are respectively arranged on a first moving device (the linear moving device can be a moving device which is integrated by a screw-nut pair, an air cylinder and the like and can support up-down, left-right adjustment, is applicable to a second moving device, is in the prior art, and is not repeated), and is respectively opposite to an incident window and a transmission window; a temperature sensor (a thermocouple sensor or an infrared thermometer arranged outside the high-temperature furnace 3) is arranged in the high-temperature furnace 3, and the temperature sensor is connected to a console outside the high-temperature furnace 3 through a data line; setting the rotating motor on the tensile testing machine; the radiation source, the detector, the temperature sensor, the rotating electric machine, the first moving device and the second moving device are connected to a console, respectively.
S2, fixing a sample a in the clamp unit 2, adjusting the center position of the test piece in the high-temperature furnace 3, rotating a knob 425, and simultaneously adjusting the distance from each halogen lamp to the sample a and focusing the light of each halogen lamp on the sample a;
s3, adjusting the height of an incident source of the X-ray, and keeping the height of the incident source of the X-ray and the incident window and the transmission window of the X-ray transmission window at the same height;
s4, the mechanical loading unit 1 applies pretightening force or precompression to the sample a through the clamp unit 2, and the sample a is kept stable in the clamp unit 2;
s5, forming a vacuum environment in the high-temperature furnace 3 or filling inert gas into the high-temperature furnace 3 through a vacuum conduit;
s6, opening a water-cooling pipeline of the high-temperature furnace 3, a water-cooling pipeline of the X-ray transmission window, a water-cooling pipeline of the upward-pulling compression bar 22 and a water-cooling pipeline of the downward-pulling compression bar 24;
s7, loading test is carried out.
Wherein the heating temperature of 2300 ℃ or higher is supported in the high temperature furnace 3.
In the method:
the radiation source emits incident X-rays, the incident X-rays penetrate through the incident window to irradiate the sample a, the X-rays penetrating through the sample a are received by the detector through the transmission window, and the high-temperature furnace 3 does not rotate along with the imaging, so that the high-temperature furnace 3 can be flat in the imaging direction, the imaging distance is shortened, and the imaging quality is improved; the detector receives the transmitted X-rays to obtain projection data, and the projection data are transmitted to the console; the control console collects the loaded force, temperature and image signals until the sample a breaks; closing the ray source, the detector and the high-temperature furnace 3 after loading is finished, and taking out a broken sample a; the control console rebuilds the projection data to obtain the internal structure of the sample a in the loading process, and analyzes and processes the internal structure to obtain the internal deformation and damage information of the sample a under the loading action in the high-temperature environment.
Compared with the existing similar application or product, the method greatly reduces the volume, can realize large load loading, and can be installed and used in various laboratory X-ray systems and synchrotron radiation light sources through simple disassembly and assembly steps; the volume of the high-temperature furnace 3 of the device is reduced to the greatest extent, and the imaging time is shorter than that of the prior similar application or product; the design of the cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33 greatly reduces the absorption of X-rays during imaging experiments, and the resulting projection map contains more image information; the method and the device adopt the halogen lamp as a heating source, a plurality of heating units are distributed in a confocal way in the circumferential direction of the upper furnace body 32 and the lower furnace body, so that the sample a can be rapidly heated and transiently changed in the ultra-high temperature experiment process, and the real extreme service environment of the material is simulated to the greatest extent; the application can adjust the axial position and angle of the halogen lamp, avoid the change of the focus position of the heat source caused by the processing precision or high temperature deformation, and avoid the problems of temperature area change, uneven heating, slow heating rate and the like possibly occurring in the using process.
The following points need to be described:
(1) The drawings of the embodiments of the present application relate only to the structures related to the embodiments of the present application, and other structures may refer to the general designs.
(2) In the drawings for describing embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of layers or regions is exaggerated or reduced for clarity, i.e., the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly on" or "under" the other element or intervening elements may be present.
(3) The embodiments of the invention and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other to give new embodiments without conflict.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device for the temperature-adjustable area is characterized by comprising a mechanical loading unit, a clamp unit, a high-temperature furnace and a heating unit;
the high-temperature furnace comprises an upper furnace body, an annular X-ray transmission window and a lower furnace body which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the top of the annular X-ray transmission window is connected with the bottom of the upper furnace body through a first flange, the bottom of the annular X-ray transmission window is communicated with the top of the lower furnace body through a second flange, and water cooling pipelines are respectively arranged in the side wall of the first flange and the side wall of the second flange;
A water cooling pipeline is arranged in the annular shell of the annular X-ray transmission window, and a vacuum conduit is arranged on the side wall of the high-temperature furnace;
the clamp unit is arranged in the high-temperature furnace, the clamp unit and the high-temperature furnace are coaxially arranged, the clamp unit is used for clamping a sample, the clamp unit comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp, the mounting end of the upper clamp is connected with the output end of the mechanical loading unit, and the mounting end of the lower clamp is fixed at the bottom of the lower furnace body;
the mechanical loading unit applies pretightening force or precompression to the sample through the clamp unit and keeps the sample stable;
the heating unit comprises halogen lamps, a lamp shade and a mounting seat, wherein the halogen lamps are arranged in the lamp shade, the lamp shade is arranged in the mounting seat, a plurality of mounting holes are uniformly formed in the spherical side wall of the upper furnace body and the spherical side wall of the lower furnace body respectively in the circumferential direction, and the mounting seat is arranged on the high-temperature furnace through the mounting holes, wherein the number of the halogen lamps is matched with the number of the mounting holes;
wherein, the mount pad includes:
the base is arranged on the surface of the outer side wall of the high-temperature furnace, and the position of the base is matched with the position of the mounting hole;
The annular fixing flange is arranged on the base through a rotating rod;
the annular movable flange is arranged between the base and the annular fixed flange, and the cover edge of the lampshade is arranged in an annular mounting groove on the inner side wall of the annular movable flange;
the number of the rotating rods is at least two, the rotating rods are uniformly and circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the annular fixed flange, the rotating rods sequentially penetrate through the base and the annular movable flange and are arranged on the annular fixed flange, and the annular movable flange is in threaded arrangement with the rod body of the rotating rod;
a knob is arranged at one end of the rotating rod, which is far away from the annular fixed plate, and is rotated to adjust the distance between the corresponding halogen lamp and the sample, and/or rotated to adjust the light direction of the corresponding halogen lamp;
the inner wall of the lamp shade is provided with a reflecting surface, and the inner wall of the lamp shade supports focusing received light rays onto the center point of the sample.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the mounting base further comprises a spring, wherein the spring is sleeved on the rotating rod, and wherein the spring is arranged between the annular fixed flange and the annular movable flange.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the number of the rotating rods on one of the bases is in the range of 2 to 8, and the number of the rotating rods, the number of the knobs and the number of the springs are adapted to each other.
4. The temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device according to claim 3, wherein the vacuum conduit is connected with an air extractor, and the vacuum conduit is used for forming a vacuum environment in the high-temperature furnace;
or;
the vacuum conduit is connected with the air inlet device and is used for introducing inert gas into the high-temperature furnace.
5. The variable temperature zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the number of halogen lamps ranges from 6 to 8.
6. The temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical X-ray transmission window is made of aluminum alloy, the thickness of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 50 μm and 300 μm, the height of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 2mm and 15mm, and the diameter of the annular X-ray transmission window is between 30mm and 200 mm.
7. The temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device according to claim 1, wherein a temperature measuring port is arranged on the side wall of the high-temperature furnace;
a thermocouple sensor is arranged on the temperature measuring port and is used for measuring the temperature in the high-temperature furnace,
or an infrared thermometer is arranged outside the temperature measuring port, infrared glass or quartz glass is arranged at the temperature measuring port, and the infrared thermometer measures the temperature in the high-temperature furnace through the infrared glass or the quartz glass.
8. The temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device according to claim 1, wherein the upper clamp is installed on the mechanical loading unit through an upward-pulling compression bar, and the lower clamp is installed on the bottom of the lower furnace body through a downward-pulling compression bar;
and water cooling pipelines are respectively arranged in the rod of the upper pulling pressure rod and the rod of the lower pulling pressure rod.
9. The in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test method for the temperature-adjustable zone is characterized by being applied to the in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device for the temperature-adjustable zone according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps:
s1, building an in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device of the temperature-adjustable region;
S2, fixing a sample in a clamp unit, adjusting the center of the test piece in the high-temperature furnace, and rotating a knob to adjust the distance from each halogen lamp to the sample and focus the light of each halogen lamp on the sample;
s3, adjusting the height of an incident source of the X-ray, and keeping the height of the incident source of the X-ray and the incident window and the transmission window of the X-ray transmission window at the same height;
s4, a mechanical loading unit applies pretightening force or precompression to the sample through the clamp unit, and the sample is kept stable in the clamp unit;
s5, forming a vacuum environment in the high-temperature furnace or filling inert gas in the high-temperature furnace through a vacuum guide pipe;
s6, opening a water-cooling pipeline of the high-temperature furnace, a water-cooling pipeline of the X-ray transmission window, a water-cooling pipeline of the upward-pulling compression bar and a water-cooling pipeline of the downward-pulling compression bar;
s7, loading test is carried out.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the high temperature furnace supports a heating temperature of 2300 ℃ or higher.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310991883.6A CN117074206A (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310991883.6A CN117074206A (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device and method |
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| CN117074206A true CN117074206A (en) | 2023-11-17 |
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| CN202310991883.6A Pending CN117074206A (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Temperature-adjustable zone in-situ force thermo-oxidative coupling loading test device and method |
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| CN (1) | CN117074206A (en) |
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