CN117074036A - Fuel consumption test method for heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on hydrogen balance method - Google Patents
Fuel consumption test method for heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on hydrogen balance method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-VVKOMZTBSA-N Dideuterium Chemical compound [2H][2H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-VVKOMZTBSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 diesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F9/00—Measuring volume flow relative to another variable, e.g. of liquid fuel for an engine
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel consumption test method of a heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on a hydrogen balance method, which comprises the following steps: analyzing fuel components meeting preset standards for the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile to obtain the hydrogen purity and the fuel density of the fuel; in the CHTC running working condition of the vehicle, measuring and calculating to obtain the hydrogen content of the unit mileage of the tail gas emission of the CHTC running working condition; and calculating the fuel consumption of the running condition of the vehicle based on the obtained hydrogen purity, fuel density and hydrogen content of the unit mileage of the tail gas emission. According to the invention, the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle is deduced by measuring the emission quality of the hydrogen-containing component in the tail gas emission of the vehicle, and the fuel consumption is based on the conservation of hydrogen element mass, so that the original vehicle-mounted hydrogen supply system of the whole vehicle is not required to be destroyed, and the test safety is high and the operability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engine automobile energy consumption testing, in particular to a heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile fuel consumption testing method based on a hydrogen balance method.
Background
In the research and development verification stage of the hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile, the fuel consumption is an important index for evaluating the energy-saving effect of the hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile, and is also an important investigation parameter for consumers to purchase the automobile. Regarding the test method of the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle, the current standards mainly include GB/T19233-2020 light vehicle fuel consumption test method, GB/T27840-2021 heavy commercial vehicle fuel consumption measurement method, GB/T29125-2012 compressed natural gas vehicle fuel consumption test method and GB/T35178-2017 fuel cell electric vehicle hydrogen consumption measurement method.
GB/T35178-2017 provides a pressure temperature method, a mass analysis method and a flow method for measuring the hydrogen consumption of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle. The 3 methods are all external hydrogen supply measuring methods, and have the advantages that a hydrogen supply system is independent from a whole vehicle system, can better treat the emergency situations such as hydrogen safety, and the like, and have the defects that a whole vehicle factory is required to improve the vehicle structure and the actual running situation of the whole vehicle is different.
GB/T19233-2020, GB/T27840-2021 and GB/T29125-2012 respectively provide a flow method and a carbon balance method for measuring fuel consumption of light and heavy gasoline/diesel automobiles and compressed natural gas automobiles, wherein the flow method is required to damage and refit a hydrogen supply pipeline of the whole automobile, and the test operation difficulty is high. The carbon balance method is based on conservation of carbon element mass, and is based on carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO) in exhaust gas 2 ) And Hydrocarbon (THC) (or methane (CH) 4 ) The method has the advantages of no need of damaging the original fuel supply pipeline, high safety, strong test operability and the most common mode for measuring the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle.
However, the measurement of fuel consumption of automobiles based on the carbon balance method is based on conservation of mass of carbon element, and is applicable only to carbon-based fuels (gasoline, diesel, natural gas, etc.). For fuel consumption measurements of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engines automobiles, the carbon balance method would not be usable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a fuel consumption test method for a heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on a hydrogen balance method.
The invention discloses a method for testing fuel consumption of a heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on a hydrogen balance method, which comprises the following steps:
analyzing fuel components meeting preset standards for the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile to obtain the hydrogen purity and the fuel density of the fuel;
in the CHTC running working condition of the vehicle, measuring and calculating to obtain the hydrogen content of the unit mileage of the tail gas emission of the CHTC running working condition;
based on the obtained hydrogen purity, fuel density and hydrogen content of the unit mileage of the exhaust emission of the fuel, the fuel consumption of the running condition of the vehicle is calculated by using the following formula:
in the formula, Q is the fuel consumption of the whole test vehicle, and the unit is m 3 /100km；
i—number of trials, i=1, 2,3,4, … …, n;
a—hydrogen purity of fuel in mole fraction or volume fraction, units;
ρ -fuel density in kg/m at 0℃under standard reference conditions of 101.325kPa 3 ；
Exhaust emission H 2 The mass percentage of the medium hydrogen element is as follows;
exhaust gas emission NH 3 The mass percentage of the medium hydrogen element is as follows;
exhaust emission H 2 The mass percentage of hydrogen element in O is expressed as percent；
ω Aftertreatment reactant_h -the post-treatment system post-treats the mass percent of hydrogen element in the reactant in units of;
exhaust emission H 2 Is arranged in units of mileage emission quality and g/km;
exhaust gas emission NH 3 Is arranged in units of mileage emission quality and g/km;
exhaust emission H 2 O unit mileage emission quality, unit g/km;
c post-treatment reactant The unit mileage consumption of the aftertreatment reagent introduced by the aftertreatment system, units g/km.
Calculating the standard deviation sigma of 95 th percentile distribution of the comprehensive fuel consumption test results of the multiple complete CHTC driving conditions, and comparing the standard deviation sigma with the difference delta Q between the highest value and the lowest value of the comprehensive fuel consumption in the multiple test results max By comparison, if DeltaQ max Less than or equal to sigma, the repeatability test is passed; otherwise, the repeatability test fails;
wherein, the standard deviation of sigma-95 th percentile distribution, g/100km;-arithmetic mean value of the results of the multiple complete CHTC driving condition integrated fuel consumption test, g/100km;
if the repeatability test is passed, the average value of the multiple test results is the fuel consumption and the comprehensive fuel consumption of each speed interval of the CHTC running working condition of the test vehicle; if the repeatability test fails, the average value of the test results of the two CHTC complete driving working conditions with higher comprehensive fuel consumption in the test results is used as the fuel consumption and the comprehensive fuel consumption of each speed section of the test vehicle CHTC driving working conditions.
Wherein, in the running working condition of the vehicle CHTC, at least collecting and recording unburned hydrogen H in the whole process by adopting an exhaust gas analyzer 2 Water H 2 O and ammonia NH 3 Simultaneously recording the running speed and the running mileage of the vehicle synchronously, and the data sampling frequency is not lower than 1Hz.
Wherein, calculate the exhaust emission H 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 The unit mileage emission quality of (1) is calculated by each exhaust emission H 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 After the emission quality of the test vehicle, calculating the tail gas emission H based on the mileage of the test vehicle 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 Is a unit mileage emission quality.
Wherein the exhaust emission H 2 The unit mileage emission quality of (1) is calculated by firstly calculating the exhaust emission H of the CHTC driving working condition 2 And then calculates the exhaust emission H of the CHTC running condition 2 Unit mileage emission quality of (2);
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission H 2 The emission quality of (2) is calculated as follows:
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission H 2 The unit mileage emission quality calculation formula is as follows;
in the method, in the process of the invention,exhaust emission H of CHTC driving conditions 2 Emission mass per g; />Exhaust emission H 2 Density of->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio (S)/(S)>Tail gas emission H 2 Density of->0.089kg/m at 0℃and 101.3kPa standard reference conditions 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Density ρ of exhaust gas e At an excess air ratio of λ=2, dry air, 0 ℃,101.3 kPa at 1.1818kg/m 3 ；/>H measured in the tail gas 2 Instantaneous concentration in ppm; />H measured by background air 2 Concentration in ppm; q mew,i Instantaneous exhaust mass flow, in kg/s; f-data sampling frequency, in Hz; m-measuring times, which represents the number of the whole cycle data acquisition records; />Exhaust emission H of CHTC driving conditions 2 Is arranged in units of mileage emission quality and g/km; d, mileage of the test vehicle, in km.
Wherein, the tail gas discharges NH 3 The unit mileage emission quality of (1) is calculated by firstly calculating the NH of the exhaust emission 3 Then the emission quality of the CHTC is calculated to obtain the tail gas emission NH of the CHTC running condition 3 The unit range emission quality of (2);
exhaust gas emission NH 3 Calculated emissions mass of (2)The following are provided:
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission NH 3 The unit range emission quality calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,exhaust gas emission NH 3 Emission mass per g; />Exhaust gas emission NH 3 Density of->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio (S)/(S)>Exhaust gas emission NH 3 Density of->0.771kg/m at 0℃under standard reference conditions of 101.3kPa 3 ；/>NH measured on exhaust 3 Instantaneous concentration in ppm; />NH measured with background air 3 Concentration in ppm->Exhaust gas emission NH 3 In units of (2)Discharge mass per unit g/km.
Wherein, exhaust emission H 2 O unit mileage emission quality is calculated by firstly calculating the tail gas emission H 2 O emission quality, and then calculating to obtain the tail gas emission H of the CHTC running working condition 2 Unit range emission mass of O:
tail gas emission H 2 The emission mass of O is calculated by the following formula:
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission H 2 The unit mileage emission quality of O is calculated by the following formula:
in the method, in the process of the invention,exhaust emission H 2 O emission mass, unit g; />Exhaust emission H 2 Density of O->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio, exhaust emission H 2 Density of O->0.600kg/m at 0℃and 101.3kPa 3 ； H measured on tail gas 2 Instantaneous O concentration in ppm;h measured by background air 2 O concentration in ppm; />Exhaust emission H of CHTC driving conditions 2 O unit mileage emission quality, unit g/km.
Wherein the post-treatment reactant comprises an aqueous urea solution.
The unit mileage hydrogen introduction amount of the aftertreatment system is calculated by firstly calculating the unit mileage consumption amount of the urea aqueous solution, then calculating the mass percent of hydrogen element in the urea aqueous solution, and then calculating the unit mileage hydrogen introduction amount of the urea aqueous solution under the CHTC driving condition;
unit mileage consumption c of urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution Calculated using the following formula:
wherein, c Aqueous urea solution -consumption per mileage of urea aqueous solution, per g/km; m is m Aqueous urea solution Consumption mass of urea aqueous solution in g during driving.
Mass percent omega of hydrogen element in urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution_H The calculation can be performed by the following formula:
wherein omega is Aqueous urea solution_H -the mass percentage of hydrogen element in the urea aqueous solution, in units; omega Mass percent urea -mass percentage of urea in aqueous urea solution, unit;urea CO (NH) 2 ) 2 Percentage by mass of medium hydrogen element％；/>—H 2 The mass percentage of hydrogen element in O is as follows;
the unit mileage hydrogen intake of the urea aqueous solution under the CHTC driving condition is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein, c Aqueous urea solution_H The unit mileage hydrogen intake of the urea aqueous solution, unit g/km, for driving conditions. The running conditions of the vehicle are different according to different vehicles, and comprise a CHTC-LT, a CHTC-HT running condition, a CHTC-C running condition, a CHTC-TT running condition, a CHTC-D running condition and a CHTC-B running condition.
Wherein, the test of the running working condition of the vehicle CHTC is carried out on the chassis dynamometer.
According to the invention, the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle is deduced by measuring the emission quality of the hydrogen-containing component in the tail gas emission of the vehicle, and the fuel consumption is based on the conservation of hydrogen element mass, so that the original vehicle-mounted hydrogen supply system of the whole vehicle is not required to be destroyed, and the test safety is high and the operability is strong.
The invention solves the limitation that the traditional carbon balance method is only suitable for carbon-based fuels, is not only suitable for measuring the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine automobiles with zero-carbon hydrogen-containing fuels such as hydrogen fuel, ammonia fuel and the like, but also suitable for measuring the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine automobiles with the traditional carbon-based fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil, natural gas and the like, solves the limitation that the traditional carbon balance method is only suitable for the carbon-based fuels, and provides an important basis for developing and formulating the energy consumption evaluation standard of the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobiles.
The invention calculates the fuel consumption through the content of the hydrogen in the exhaust gas emission, thereby being capable of being synchronously carried out with the exhaust gas emission test of the whole vehicle. The invention maximally utilizes the existing standard resources, adopts the running working condition specified by the existing standard as the test working condition, does not need to create a specific test working condition, and is easy to implement; the invention provides that the fuel for vehicle test meets the requirements of GB/T37244-2018 and other subsequent related national standards, and can ensure the standardization and consistency of the test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the field layout of a test of fuel consumption of a heavy duty hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine vehicle based on a hydrogen balance method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a heavy hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine vehicle for testing; 2-a chassis dynamometer; 3-an exhaust line; 4-exhaust gas analyzer one (measurement H) 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 5-exhaust gas analyzer two (measuring NH) 3 And H 2 O); 6-an exhaust mass flow meter; 7-full-stream dilution system (applicable when fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are measured synchronously); 8-lean gas production and exhaust analyzer (measuring NO) X The fuel consumption and the exhaust emission are synchronously measured; 9-road simulated cooling fan.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
According to the test method for the fuel consumption of the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on the hydrogen balance method, the fuel consumption of the whole automobile is calculated according to the hydrogen content and the hydrogen content percentage in the tail gas emission of the whole automobile based on conservation of hydrogen element mass, namely conservation of the air intake of the whole automobile, the hydrogen content of the fuel and the hydrogen content of the tail gas emission.
Referring to the test system shown in fig. 1, the test method for fuel consumption of the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on the hydrogen balance method provided by the embodiment of the invention is realized through the following experimental steps:
the first step: fuel composition analysis
The hydrogen fuel for the test accords with the specification of fuel hydrogen for GB/T37244-2018 proton exchange membrane fuel cell automobile and other subsequent related national standards. In the testBefore the start of verification, the hydrogen fuel in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank or the external hydrogen storage device is sampled and sent to an authoritative verification detection mechanism for analysis of fuel components, and a detection report provided by the authoritative verification detection mechanism is used for obtaining the hydrogen purity A (mole fraction or volume fraction,%) of the fuel and the density (kg/m) of the fuel under standard reference conditions (0 ℃ C., 101.325 kPa) 3 )。
And a second step of: vehicle fixation and test site arrangement
The whole vehicle fuel consumption test is carried out on the chassis dynamometer, after the vehicle is prepared and confirmed according to relevant standard regulation, the vehicle is driven to the chassis dynamometer, and the chassis dynamometer is safely fixed in a proper mode. With reference to the test site arrangement shown in fig. 1, the vehicle exhaust line is connected to the hub laboratory exhaust system in an extended manner, and each exhaust analyzer is connected correctly along the exhaust line, ensuring that there is no significant leakage from the exhaust line and the connection.
In the experimental example, the exhaust gas analyzer is mainly used for measuring the tail gas H 2 Concentration and exhaust gas analyzer two main uses for measuring tail gas H 2 O and NH 3 If the concentration and exhaust emission tests are performed synchronously, the full-flow dilution system 7 and the lean-exhaust analyzer 8 (for measuring NO X ). A fixed road simulated cooling fan 9 is arranged at a proper position right in front of the vehicle, and is synchronously started for cooling the vehicle during test. If the vehicle aftertreatment system introduces an aftertreatment reactant (hydrogen-containing element), a mass flow meter is additionally installed in the reactant supply system.
And a third step of: test preparation
Before the formal test, the running resistance of the test vehicle is determined according to the requirement of the annex C of GB/T27840-2021, and the recommended running resistance value of the annex E can also be directly adopted. The used test equipment is preheated before the test, and the exhaust analyzer is calibrated and checked by adopting standard zero gas and gauge gas. Before the formal test, the vehicle is started to run for 1-2 complete running conditions or other methods are adopted to fully preheat the vehicle and the chassis dynamometer. In order to eliminate or reduce the influence of each hydrogen-containing component in the background air on test measurement results, an exhaust gas analyzer is adopted to collect and record the background air before the testThe corresponding components (H) 2 、NH 3 、H 2 O、NO X (the fuel consumption and the exhaust emission test are applicable in the same step).
Fourth step: driving condition selection
The selection of the driving working conditions can fully absorb the technical specifications and literature data of national, industry and group standards on the fuel consumption of the hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile, maximally utilize the existing standard resources and ensure the continuity of the existing standard resources. In order to maximize the utilization of the existing standard resources, the running conditions of the vehicle in the example adopt GB/T38146.2-2019, part 2 of the running conditions of Chinese automobile: heavy commercial vehicles (China heavyweight-duty commercial vehicle test cycle, CHTC) for China heavy commercial vehicles.
Wherein, the truck adopts the CHTC-LT (maximum design total mass (Gross Vehicle Weight, GVW). Ltoreq.5500 kg) or CHTC-HT (GVW >5500 kg) running working condition; the common bus adopts the CHTC-C running condition; the semi-trailer traction vehicle adopts a CHTC-TT running condition; the dump truck adopts a CHTC-D running condition; the city bus adopts the CHTC-B driving condition.
Fifth step: test run and data recording
The vehicle pre-test cycle, pretreatment and soak are performed with reference to GB/T27840-2021. The test vehicle is continuously operated under 3 complete CHTC driving conditions, and the use of the transmission in operation, the requirement of decelerating driving and the like are executed with reference to GB/T27840-2021. During adjacent driving conditions, the vehicle and equipment continue to operate or otherwise maintain a thermo-mechanical state. The sampling frequency of test data is set to be 1Hz, and the tail gas emission H of the vehicle is required to be acquired and recorded in the whole process of the vehicle operation 2 、NH 3 、H 2 O and NO X The concentration (applicable to synchronous measurement of fuel consumption and exhaust emission) is obtained by the chassis dynamometer, and the mileage and total mileage (km) of each speed interval of the CHTC running condition are collected and recorded. And after each complete CHTC driving working condition is finished, the fuel consumption and the comprehensive fuel consumption of each speed section of the driving working condition are respectively recorded.
Sixth step: fuel consumption calculation
In the experimental example, the relative atomic masses of the respective elements for calculation are respectively: h:1.0079; n:14.0067; o:15.9994; c:12.0107.
1. calculation of hydrogen content in unit mileage of exhaust emission
For heavy hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine automobiles, the hydrogen-containing component of the exhaust gas emissions is mainly unburned hydrogen (H 2 ) Water (H) 2 O) and ammonia (NH) 3 ). In the whole running condition of the vehicle, at least the instantaneous concentrations of the 3 hydrogen-containing components are acquired and recorded in the whole process by adopting an exhaust analyzer, and corresponding instruments and equipment are required to synchronously record the running speed, the running mileage and the like of the vehicle, wherein the data sampling frequency is not lower than 1Hz.
According to the instantaneous concentration of the hydrogen-containing components measured under the driving conditions and the driving mileage of the vehicle, according to the corresponding requirements of the current standard GB 17691-2018 (heavy duty diesel vehicle pollutant emission limit and measuring method (Chinese sixth stage)), calculating to obtain the unit mileage emission quality (g/km) of each hydrogen-containing component, and according to the mass percent (%) of hydrogen elements in each hydrogen-containing component, accumulating to obtain the unit mileage hydrogen content (g/km) of the tail gas emission under the driving conditions.
(1) Tail gas emission H 2 Unit mileage hydrogen content calculation
According to the calculation requirement of GB 17691-2018 accessory CA, the tail gas emission H 2 Emission quality of (2)The calculation can be performed by the following formula:
wherein:
tail gas emission H 2 G, g;
tail gas emission H 2 Density of->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio of;
wherein the exhaust emission H 2 Density of (3)0.089kg/m under standard reference conditions (0 ℃ C., 101.3 kPa) 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Density ρ of exhaust gas e At an excess air ratio of λ=2, dry air, 0 ℃,101.3 kPa at 1.1818kg/m 3 ，
H measured by tail gas 2 Instantaneous concentration, ppm, measured by the exhaust gas analyzer 1;
-background air measured H 2 Concentration, ppm, measured before testing by exhaust gas analyzer 1;
q mew,i -instantaneous exhaust mass flow, kg/s, measured by an exhaust mass flow meter;
f-data sampling frequency, hz, which in this example is 1Hz;
m is the number of measurement times, which is determined by the running condition time and the data sampling frequency together, and represents the number of data acquisition records of the whole cycle, if the CHTC running condition is 1800s and the data sampling recording frequency is 1Hz, the data is recorded 1800 times in 1800s, and then m is 1800; if the data sampling recording frequency is 10Hz, m=18000.
According to the vehicle running mileage D (km) acquired and recorded by the chassis dynamometer, the following calculation is adopted to obtain the running condition tail gas emission H 2 Unit mileage emission quality of (2)(g/km)。
Tail gas emission H 2 Mass percent of medium hydrogen element100%, thus, exhaust emission H 2 Hydrogen content per unit mileage of +.>
(2) Exhaust gas emission NH 3 Unit mileage hydrogen content calculation
According to the calculation requirement of GB 17691-2018 accessory CA, the tail gas is discharged with NH 3 Emission quality of (2)The calculation can be performed by the following formula:
wherein:
tail gas emission NH 3 G, g;
tail gas emission NH 3 Density of->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio of exhaust gas to NH 3 Density of (3)0.771kg/m under standard reference conditions (0 ℃ C., 101.3 kPa) 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Density ρ of exhaust gas e In the same way as described above,
-NH measured on the tail gas 3 Instantaneous concentration, ppm, measured by the exhaust gas analyzer 2;
-NH measured with background air 3 Concentration, ppm, measured before testing by exhaust gas analyzer 2;
according to the vehicle running mileage D (km) acquired and recorded by the chassis dynamometer, the running condition tail gas emission NH is calculated by adopting the following formula 3 Unit mileage emission quality of (2)(g/km)。
Exhaust gas emission NH 3 Mass percent of medium hydrogen element17.75%, thus the tail gas discharged NH 3 Hydrogen content per unit mileage of +.>
(3) Tail gas emission H 2 O unit mileage hydrogen content calculation
According to the calculation requirement of GB 17691-2018 accessory CA, the tail gas emission H 2 Mass of O emissionsThe calculation can be performed by the following formula:
wherein:
tail gas emission H 2 O emission mass, g;
tail gas emission H 2 Density of O->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio of exhaust emission H 2 Density of O0.600kg/m at 0℃and 101.3kPa 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Density ρ of exhaust gas e In the same way as described above,
h measured by tail gas 2 The instantaneous concentration of O, ppm, measured by the exhaust gas analyzer 2;
-background air measured H 2 O concentration, ppm, measured before the exhaust gas analyzer 2 test;
according to the vehicle travel mileage D (km) acquired and recorded by the chassis dynamometer, the following calculation is adoptedObtaining the tail gas emission H of the driving working condition 2 Emission quality per unit mileage of O(g/km)。
Tail gas emission H 2 Mass percent of hydrogen element in O11.19%, thus, exhaust emission H 2 O has a hydrogen content per unit mileage of +.>
2. Unit mileage hydrogen intake amount calculation for post-processing system
In experimental examples, vehicle exhaust aftertreatment employs a selective catalytic reduction (Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR) system, using aqueous urea as a reactant, is a major source of hydrogen incorporation. In running mode, the consumption mass m of urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution The unit mileage consumption c of the urea aqueous solution under the driving condition is calculated by adopting the following formula according to the vehicle driving mileage D (km) acquired and recorded by a chassis dynamometer and obtained by measuring and integrating mass flow meters additionally arranged in a urea tank and a urea supply pipeline Aqueous urea solution (g/km)。
Wherein:
c aqueous urea solution -consumption per unit mileage of urea aqueous solution, g/km;
m aqueous urea solution The consumption mass of the urea aqueous solution in the driving condition, g, is obtained by measuring and integrating an additionally arranged mass flowmeter;
mass percent omega of hydrogen element in urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution_H The calculation can be performed by the following formula:
wherein:
ω aqueous urea solution_H -the mass percentage of hydrogen element in the urea aqueous solution,%;
ω mass percent urea The mass percent of urea in the urea aqueous solution is obtained by a urea aqueous solution detection report;
urea CO (NH) 2 ) 2 The mass percent of the medium hydrogen element is 6.71%;
——H 2 the mass percent of hydrogen element in O is 11.19%.
According to the unit mileage consumption c of urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution (g/km) and the mass percentage omega of hydrogen element in the urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution_H (%) and calculating the unit mileage hydrogen introduction amount c of the urea aqueous solution under the driving condition by adopting the following formula Aqueous urea solution_H (g/km)。
3. Fuel consumption calculation
Based on the calculated hydrogen content per unit mileage of exhaust gas emission, the hydrogen introduction amount per unit mileage of urea aqueous solution, and the purity and density of hydrogen in the fuel detection report, the fuel consumption (m) of the vehicle is calculated by substituting the following formula 3 /100km)。
Seventh step: co-fuel consumption determination
Calculating a standard deviation sigma of 95 th percentile distribution of the comprehensive fuel consumption test results of 3 times of complete CHTC driving conditions according to the following steps, and comparing the standard deviation sigma with the difference delta Q between the highest value and the lowest value of the comprehensive fuel consumption in the 3 times of test results max By comparison, if DeltaQ max Less than or equal to sigma, the repeatability test is passed; otherwise, the repeatability test fails.
Wherein:
sigma, standard deviation of 95 th percentile distribution, g/100km;
-arithmetic mean value of 3 times of complete CHTC driving condition comprehensive fuel consumption test results, g/100km;
and if the repeatability test is passed, the average value of 3 test results is the fuel consumption and the comprehensive fuel consumption of each speed section of the CHTC running working condition of the test vehicle. If the repeatability test fails, the average value of the test results of 2 complete CHTC driving working conditions with higher comprehensive fuel consumption in the test results of 3 times should be used as the fuel consumption and the comprehensive fuel consumption of each speed section of the test vehicle CHTC driving working conditions.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel consumption test method for a heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on a hydrogen balance method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
analyzing fuel components meeting preset standards for the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile to obtain the hydrogen purity and the fuel density of the fuel;
in the CHTC running working condition of the vehicle, measuring and calculating to obtain the hydrogen content of the unit mileage of the tail gas emission of the CHTC running working condition;
based on the obtained hydrogen purity, fuel density and hydrogen content of the unit mileage of the exhaust emission of the fuel, the fuel consumption of the running condition of the vehicle is calculated by using the following formula:
in the formula, Q is the fuel consumption of the whole test vehicle, and the unit is m 3 /100km；
i—number of trials, i=1, 2,3,4, … …, n;
a—hydrogen purity of fuel in mole fraction or volume fraction, units;
ρ -fuel density in kg/m at 0℃under standard reference conditions of 101.325kPa 3 ；
Exhaust emission H 2 The mass percentage of the medium hydrogen element is as follows;
exhaust gas emission NH 3 The mass percentage of the medium hydrogen element is as follows;
exhaust emission H 2 The mass percentage of hydrogen element in O is as follows;
ω post-treatment reactant_H -the post-treatment system post-treats the mass percent of hydrogen element in the reactant in units of;
exhaust emission H 2 Is arranged in units of mileage emission quality and g/km;
exhaust gas emission NH 3 Is arranged in units of mileage emission quality and g/km;
exhaust emission H 2 O unit mileage emission quality, unit g/km;
c post-treatment reactant -mileage consumption per unit g/km of aftertreatment reactants introduced by the aftertreatment system;
calculating the standard deviation sigma of 95 th percentile distribution of the comprehensive fuel consumption test results of the multiple complete CHTC driving conditions, and comparing the standard deviation sigma with the difference delta Q between the highest value and the lowest value of the comprehensive fuel consumption in the multiple test results max By comparison, if DeltaQ max Less than or equal to sigma, the repeatability test is passed; otherwise, the repeatability test fails;
wherein, the standard deviation of sigma-95 th percentile distribution, g/100km;-arithmetic mean value of the results of the multiple complete CHTC driving condition integrated fuel consumption test, g/100km;
if the repeatability test is passed, the average value of the multiple test results is the fuel consumption and the comprehensive fuel consumption of each speed interval of the CHTC running working condition of the test vehicle; if the repeatability test fails, the average value of the test results of the two CHTC complete driving working conditions with higher comprehensive fuel consumption in the test results is used as the fuel consumption and the comprehensive fuel consumption of each speed section of the test vehicle CHTC driving working conditions.
2. The method for testing fuel consumption of a heavy hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas analyzer is adapted to collect and record at least the unburned hydrogen H during the entire journey during the CHTC driving condition of the vehicle 2 Water H 2 O and ammonia NH 3 Simultaneously recording the running speed and the running mileage of the vehicle synchronously, and the data sampling frequency is not lower than 1Hz.
3. The method for testing fuel consumption of a heavy hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein the method for calculating the exhaust emission H comprises 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 The unit mileage emission quality of (1) is calculated by each exhaust emission H 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 After the emission quality of the test vehicle, calculating the tail gas emission H based on the mileage of the test vehicle 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 Is a unit mileage emission quality.
4. A method for testing fuel consumption of a heavy duty hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the exhaust emission H 2 The unit mileage emission quality of (1) is calculated by firstly calculating the exhaust emission H of the CHTC driving working condition 2 And then calculates the exhaust emission H of the CHTC running condition 2 Unit mileage emission quality of (2);
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission H 2 The emission quality of (2) is calculated as follows:
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission H 2 The unit mileage emission quality calculation formula is as follows;
in the method, in the process of the invention,exhaust emission H of CHTC driving conditions 2 Emission mass per g; />Exhaust emission H 2 Density of (3)And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio (S)/(S)>Tail gas emission H 2 Density of->0.089kg/m3 at 0deg.C and 101.3kPa standard reference conditions; density ρ of exhaust gas e At an excess air ratio of λ=2, dry air, 0 ℃,101.3 kPa at 1.1818kg/m 3 ；/>H measured in the tail gas 2 Instantaneous concentration in ppm; />H measured by background air 2 Concentration in ppm; q mew,i Instantaneous exhaust mass flow, in kg/s; f-data sampling frequency, in Hz; m-number of measurements, representing the number of data acquisition records of the whole cycle；/>Exhaust emission H of CHTC driving conditions 2 Is arranged in units of mileage emission quality and g/km; d, mileage of the test vehicle, in km.
5. The method for testing fuel consumption of a heavy hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the exhaust gas is NH 3 The unit mileage emission quality of (1) is calculated by firstly calculating the NH of the exhaust emission 3 Then the emission quality of the CHTC is calculated to obtain the tail gas emission NH of the CHTC running condition 3 The unit range emission quality of (2);
exhaust gas emission NH 3 The emission quality of (2) is calculated as follows:
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission NH 3 The unit range emission quality calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,exhaust gas emission NH 3 Emission mass per g; />Exhaust gas emission NH 3 Density of->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio (S)/(S)>Exhaust gas emission NH 3 Density of->0.771kg/m at 0℃under standard reference conditions of 101.3kPa 3 ；/>NH measured on exhaust 3 Instantaneous concentration in ppm;NH measured with background air 3 Concentration in ppm->Exhaust gas emission NH 3 Is a unit of mileage emission quality, g/km.
6. The method for testing the fuel consumption of the heavy hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein the exhaust gas is H 2 O unit mileage emission quality is calculated by firstly calculating tail gas emission H 2 O emission quality, and then calculating to obtain the tail gas emission H of the CHTC running working condition 2 O unit range emission quality;
tail gas emission H 2 The emission mass of O is calculated by the following formula:
CHTC driving working condition tail gas emission H 2 The unit range emission mass of O is calculated by the following formula:
in the method, in the process of the invention,exhaust emission H 2 O emission mass, unit g; />Exhaust emission H 2 Density of O->And an exhaust density ρ e Ratio, exhaust emission H 2 Density of O->0.600kg/m at 0℃and 101.3kPa 3 ； H measured on tail gas 2 Instantaneous O concentration in ppm;h measured by background air 2 O concentration in ppm; />Exhaust emission H of CHTC driving conditions 2 O unit mileage emission quality, unit g/km.
7. The method for testing the fuel consumption of a heavy duty hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein the post-treatment reactant comprises an aqueous urea solution.
8. The method for testing the fuel consumption of the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on the hydrogen balance method according to claim 7, wherein the unit mileage hydrogen introduction amount of the aftertreatment system is calculated by firstly calculating the unit mileage consumption amount of the urea aqueous solution, then calculating the mass percent of hydrogen element in the urea aqueous solution, and then calculating the unit mileage hydrogen introduction amount of the urea aqueous solution under the CHTC driving condition;
unit mileage consumption c of urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution Calculated using the following formula:
wherein, c Aqueous urea solution -consumption per mileage of urea aqueous solution, per g/km; m is m Aqueous urea solution Consumption mass of urea aqueous solution in g during driving.
Mass percent omega of hydrogen element in urea aqueous solution Aqueous urea solution_H The calculation can be performed by the following formula:
wherein omega is Aqueous urea solution_H -the mass percentage of hydrogen element in the urea aqueous solution, in units; omega Mass percent urea -mass percentage of urea in aqueous urea solution, unit;urea CO (NH) 2 ) 2 The mass percentage of the medium hydrogen element is in units; />—H 2 The mass percentage of hydrogen element in O is as follows;
the unit mileage hydrogen intake of the urea aqueous solution under the CHTC driving condition is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein, c Aqueous urea solution_H The unit mileage hydrogen intake of the urea aqueous solution, unit g/km, for driving conditions.
9. The method for testing fuel consumption of a heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the running conditions of the vehicle are set differently according to the vehicle, and the running conditions include a CHTC-LT, a CHTC-HT running condition, a CHTC-C running condition, a CHTC-TT running condition, a CHTC-D running condition, and a CHTC-B running condition.
10. The method for testing the fuel consumption of the heavy hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine automobile based on the hydrogen balance method according to claim 1, wherein the test of the running condition of the vehicle CHTC is carried out on a chassis dynamometer.
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| CN117685118A (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-03-12 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Power system and diagnosis method for hydrogen emission index thereof |
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| CN117664601A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Method and system for testing and evaluating energy-saving effect of automobile predictive cruising technology |
| CN117664601B (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-05-07 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Method and system for testing and evaluating energy-saving effect of automobile predictive cruising technology |
| CN117685118A (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-03-12 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Power system and diagnosis method for hydrogen emission index thereof |
| CN117685118B (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-05-17 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Power system and diagnosis method for hydrogen emission index thereof |
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