CN117073866A - Temperature sensor based on seven-core optical fiber and bowknot type and preparation method - Google Patents
Temperature sensor based on seven-core optical fiber and bowknot type and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/25—Preparing the ends of light guides for coupling, e.g. cutting
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- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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Abstract
The invention provides a temperature sensor based on a seven-core optical fiber and a bowknot type and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The technical proposal is as follows: a temperature sensor based on a heptacore optical fiber and a bowknot type consists of a broadband light source, a first single-mode optical fiber, a first bending single-mode optical fiber, a heptacore optical fiber, a second bending single-mode optical fiber, a second single-mode optical fiber and a spectrum analyzer. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the temperature sensor is based on a single-mode fiber-spherical structure-seven-core fiber-bent single-mode fiber-single-mode fiber structure; one end of the seven-core optical fiber is welded with a spherical structure, and light can be controlled to propagate in different cores of the seven-core optical fiber by controlling the long diameter and the short diameter of the spherical structure so as to obtain extremely high temperature sensitivity; the sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient manufacture, low cost, high sensitivity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a temperature sensor based on a seven-core optical fiber and a bowknot type and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the rapid development of society, the accurate measurement of temperature is more and more widely applied in fields such as industrial production, medical detection, deep sea detection and the like, and compared with the traditional electrical sensor, the optical fiber sensor is favored because of simple structure, corrosion resistance and strong electromagnetic interference resistance. In recent years, various optical fiber-based temperature sensors, such as MZI interferometric sensors, bragg grating (FBG) type sensors, sagnac ring type sensors, and bent optical fiber-based spherical structure sensors, have been proposed. The balloon sensor based on the bent single-mode fiber is widely applied to the aspects of temperature, displacement, refractive index and the like due to simple manufacture, low cost and high sensitivity.
In the known optical fiber sensor structure, the optical fiber sensor utilizing the grating has the advantages of small volume and high precision, but the grating sensor has high manufacturing cost and high process requirement because the long-period grating and the Bragg grating need to use special equipment to etch the structure in the optical fiber. MZI-based interferometric sensors are also currently widely used in the field of fiber optic sensing, and conventional MZI interferometric sensors are often not sensitive enough and are difficult to popularize in the field of precision measurement.
Therefore, the sensor based on the bent single-mode fiber is paid attention to because of the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, high structural strength, high sensitivity and the like. In order to obtain higher sensitivity, it is desirable to excite the core mode to higher order modes as much as possible, thus introducing an approximately symmetrical bowtie-type structure on the basis of a single bent single mode fiber. In order to improve the physical strength of the sensor and further improve the sensitivity of the sensor, the original coating layer of the single-mode fiber is reserved.
So far, few studies have been made on sensing a combination of a seven-core optical fiber and a bow-tie type structure. In recent years, seven-core optical fibers have become an effective approach to solve the problem of limited communication capacity due to the characteristics of space division multiplexing. In addition, the application of the special multi-core structure of the seven-core optical fiber in the fields of sensing, medical treatment and the like also draws extensive attention of researchers. However, seven-core fibers are often used in MZI/SAGAC/FP and like structures.
How to solve the technical problems is the subject of the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a temperature sensor based on a seven-core optical fiber and a bowknot and a preparation method thereof, wherein the temperature sensor is insensitive to refractive index and has extremely high sensitivity to temperature, so that the cross influence of temperature and refractive index is avoided, and the temperature sensor is based on a single-mode fiber-spherical structure-seven-core optical fiber-bent single-mode fiber-single-mode fiber structure; one end of the seven-core optical fiber is welded with a spherical structure, and light can be controlled to propagate in different cores of the seven-core optical fiber by controlling the long diameter and the short diameter of the spherical structure so as to obtain extremely high temperature sensitivity; the sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient manufacture, low cost, high sensitivity and the like.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a temperature sensor based on a heptacore optical fiber and a bowknot type consists of a broadband light source, a first single-mode optical fiber, a first bending single-mode optical fiber, a heptacore optical fiber, a second bending single-mode optical fiber, a second single-mode optical fiber and a spectrum analyzer.
As a further optimization scheme of the temperature sensor based on the seven-core optical fiber and the bowknot, one end of the first single-mode optical fiber is connected with the broadband light source through the FC/APC connector, the first single-mode optical fiber is used as an input end of the structure, and the other end of the first single-mode optical fiber is connected with the input end of the first bent single-mode optical fiber.
As a further optimization scheme of the temperature sensor based on the seven-core optical fiber and the bowknot type, the output end of the first bending single-mode optical fiber is connected with one end of the seven-core optical fiber, and the other end of the seven-core optical fiber is connected with the input end of the second bending single-mode optical fiber.
As a further optimization scheme of the temperature sensor based on the seven-core optical fiber and the bowknot type, the output end of the second bent single-mode optical fiber is connected with one end of the second single-mode optical fiber serving as the output end, and the other end of the second single-mode optical fiber is connected with the input end of the spectrum analyzer through the FC/APC connector.
In order to better achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention also provides a temperature measuring method of the curvature sensor, which uses the seven-core optical fiber and the bow tie type temperature sensor and comprises the following steps:
s1, after incident light output by a broadband light source enters an input end of a first bending single-mode fiber through the first single-mode fiber, exciting a cladding-coating layer mode in an annular area with larger curvature of the first bending single-mode fiber, and coupling back to a fiber core after curvature is reduced;
s2, enabling light in the center to enter an input end of a second bent single-mode fiber through a seven-core fiber, exciting a cladding-coating layer mode in an annular area with larger curvature, reducing curvature after the light passes through the annular area, and re-coupling light in the cladding into a fiber core;
s3, coupling back to the second single mode fiber, wherein in the whole process, because optical path difference exists between a fundamental mode and a higher-order mode, the phase matching condition is met, an interference spectrum is generated on a spectrum analyzer, and the temperature measurement is realized through long offset of interference Gu Bo on the spectrum.
In order to better achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention also provides a preparation method of the temperature sensor based on the seven-core optical fiber and the bowknot type, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, connecting an input end of a first single-mode fiber with a broadband light source through an FC/APC optical fiber connector, pulling out a section of length from a second end after the output end of the first single-mode fiber is inserted from the first end of a sleeve, bending the single-mode fiber pulled out from the second end to form a spherical structure, inserting the output end of the single-mode fiber from the second end, pulling out from the first end, and tensioning the single-mode fiber to form a first bent single-mode fiber;
cutting and flattening the output end of the first bent single-mode fiber, cutting and flattening the seven-core fiber, and placing the seven-core fiber in an optical fiber fusion splicer to be fused with the output end of the cut and flattened first bent single-mode fiber, wherein the fusion splice point is a first fusion splice point, and the length of the seven-core fiber is 4+/-0.05 mm;
thirdly, cutting the input end of the other single-mode fiber into a flat shape, welding the input end of the other single-mode fiber with the other end of the seven-core fiber, inserting the output end of the single-mode fiber into the second end of the sleeve, and moving the sleeve to enable the seven-core fiber to be at the middle position of the sleeve;
the fourth step, the output end of the single-mode fiber in the third part is tensioned to form a second bent single-mode fiber, the diameters of the first bent single-mode fiber and the second bent single-mode fiber are adjusted through a precision displacement platform until the diameter of the first bent single-mode fiber is 9+/-0.05 mm, and the diameter of the second bent single-mode fiber is 9.7mm;
and fifthly, fixing the two ends of the sleeve by using ultraviolet curing glue, wherein the ultraviolet curing glue is adopted in the invention.
Further, the sleeve has an inner diameter of 8+ -0.05 mm and a length of 1.6+ -0.1 cm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
first, the incident light enters the first bent single-mode fiber, in the large-curvature bent structure, the binding capacity of the fiber core to the light is reduced, part of the light escapes to the cladding layer and is further coupled into the coating layer, part of the light in the coating layer is reflected back to the fiber core when reaching the boundary of the coating layer air, and the fiber core mode and the coating layer mode interfere with each other due to the fact that the effective refractive index and the optical path of the fiber core mode and the coating layer mode are different in the propagation process. In the process of gradually decreasing the curvature, most of the light in the coating layer and the cladding is coupled back into the fiber core, and when the light enters the seven-core fiber from the output end of the first bent single-mode fiber, the light diverges at the fusion point due to the mismatch of the core diameters of the single-mode fiber and the seven-core fiber.
Secondly, light is primarily propagated in three modes, namely a central core mode, a peripheral core mode and a cladding mode, wherein the cladding mode in the seven-core optical fiber is unstable in the cladding transmission process, and the energy of the cladding mode is gradually attenuated and disappears in the seven-core optical fiber as the length of the seven-core optical fiber increases; the light then propagates in the heptacore fiber in an intermediate core mode and a surrounding core mode, and when the light is transmitted to the input ends of the heptacore fiber and the second bent single mode fiber, a majority of the surrounding core mode is coupled into the second bent single mode fiber to form interference, where the light is transmitted in substantially the same manner as the light is transmitted in the first bent single mode fiber, where it is skipped. During transmission of incident light, the core mode and the cladding-coating mode produce optical path differences due to refractive index differences, thereby producing an interference spectrum on the spectrometer. The change in temperature causes the cladding-coating mode to change, thereby shifting the spectrum in wavelength, and the temperature is measured by detecting the wavelength.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention combines the characteristics of the bent single mode fiber and the seven-core fiber based on the bent single mode-seven-core-bent single mode fiber, realizes the great improvement of temperature sensitivity, and further improves the practicability of the temperature sensor.
2. The temperature sensor and the preparation method of the invention have simple manufacturing process and low material cost, and only need to use an optical fiber welding machine for simple discharge welding; the bowknot type structure based on the bent single-mode fiber is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture, capable of replacing expensive and complex optical devices in function, similar in effect and great in potential in popularization and use of the optical fiber temperature sensor.
3. The output signal of the temperature sensor comprises an interference peak formed by mode interference, and the temperature is detected by changing the wavelength of the interference valley along with the temperature. Meanwhile, the optical fiber temperature sensor has the characteristics of extremely sensitive temperature and insensitive refractive index, is extremely suitable for environments with large refractive index difference, solves the problem of cross sensitivity of the traditional optical fiber temperature sensor and the refractive index, and has wide application space in the aspects of actual aerospace, food engineering and the like.
4. The structure introduces an approximately symmetrical bowknot type structure from the traditional bent single-mode fiber, increases the curvature of the bent single-mode fiber, and excites more high-order modes, so that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor is improved compared with that of the traditional bent single-mode fiber sensor. The sensor has high temperature sensitivity and physical strength, so that the sensor has wide practicability in precise measurement, aerospace and deep sea detection.
5. Compared with the traditional fiber bragg grating sensor, in the structure, the sensor can be manufactured by using an optical fiber fusion splicer. The grating requires special equipment for etching, and therefore, the process and the precision are strictly required. The bow-tie structure and the seven-core optical fiber are utilized to replace the grating with high cost to realize the excitation of the high-order mode, so that the manufacturing process is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the sensitivity is improved.
6. Compared with the traditional bent single-mode fiber sensor of the pure optical fiber, the structure has the coating layer of the single-mode fiber reserved, part of light can leak to the coating layer in the large-curvature bent structure, and the light in the coating layer can be coupled into the cladding layer and the fiber core and coupled with the cladding layer and the fiber core in the process of gradually reducing the curvature. The coating layer has higher thermo-optical coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient, and the sensor can respond in time when the temperature changes and has extremely high temperature sensitivity.
7. Due to the introduction of the seven-core optical fiber, the distribution of light in space can be changed, and part of higher-order modes are excited. When light propagates in the seven-core optical fiber, optical path difference is generated due to different effective refractive indexes of the fiber core and the cladding, interference effect is amplified, and secondary improvement of temperature sensitivity is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for measuring temperature by the temperature sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is a graph of wavelength (λ) shift as a function of temperature (T), and (b) is a graph of temperature (T) and wavelength (λ) fit obtained for the trough in (a).
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a temperature sensor for refractive index testing according to the present invention.
In fig. 5, (a) is a wavelength shift diagram with temperature change; to demonstrate the insensitivity of the present invention to refractive index, the trough is partially enlarged;
(b) Is a fitted curve of temperature and wavelength for the trough in (a).
Fig. 6 is a physical view of the temperature sensor of the present invention and a cross section of an optical fiber.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single mode fiber according to the present invention; the right side of the figure is a schematic cross-section of a seven-core optical fiber in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment provides a temperature sensor based on a seven-core optical fiber and a bow-tie structure, and is formed by connecting a broadband light source 1, a first single-mode optical fiber 2, a first bent single-mode optical fiber 3, a seven-core optical fiber 4, a second bent single-mode optical fiber 5, a second single-mode optical fiber 6 and a spectrum analyzer 7, as shown in fig. 1. One end of the first single-mode fiber 2 is connected with the broadband light source 1 through an FC/APC connector, meanwhile, the first single-mode fiber 2 is used as an input end of the structure, and the other end of the first single-mode fiber 2 is connected with the input end of the first bent single-mode fiber. The output end of the first bent single-mode fiber is connected with the seven-core optical fiber 4, the other end of the seven-core optical fiber 4 is connected with the input end of the second bent single-mode fiber 5, the other end of the second bent single-mode fiber 5 is connected with the second single-mode fiber 6 serving as the output end, and finally, the second single-mode fiber 6 is also connected with the spectrum analyzer 7 through the FC/APC joint.
As shown in fig. 2, a temperature measuring device is shown in which the sensor portion 3-5 is placed in the platform of the oven 8 and the sensor is covered with the oven cover. By changing the temperature of the incubator, a shift graph of the spectrum with temperature (T) is obtained, and when the temperature changes, as shown in (a) of FIG. 3, the position of the trough on the spectrometer occurs, the wavelength (lambda) and the temperature (T) are in a linear relationship, and as shown in (b) of FIG. 3, the temperature sensitivity is only-3.36 nm/DEG C.
As shown in fig. 4, a refractive index measuring device diagram in which the sensor section 3-5 is placed in the solution tank 9, and a refractive index sensing experiment is performed by adding solutions of different refractive indexes to the solution tank 9. By changing the refractive index of the solution in the solution tank, an offset graph of the spectrum along with the change of the Refractive Index (RI) is obtained, as shown in (a) of fig. 5, considering that the embodiment has insensitivity to the refractive index, the trough is locally enlarged, the position of the trough on the spectrometer is observed, the wavelength (lambda) and the Refractive Index (RI) are in a linear relationship, as shown in (b) of fig. 5, the refractive index sensitivity is only-10.05 nm/RIU, and the cross influence of the refractive index on the temperature is greatly reduced.
The optical path propagation sequence of the curvature sensor of this embodiment is as follows:
after entering the input end of the first bending single-mode fiber 3 through the first single-mode fiber 2, the incident light output by the broadband light source 1 excites a cladding-coating layer mode in an annular area with larger curvature of the first bending single-mode fiber 3, and is coupled back to a fiber core after the curvature is reduced, the light in the middle enters the input end of the second bending single-mode fiber 5 through the seven-core fiber 4, the cladding-coating layer mode is excited in the annular area with larger curvature, the curvature is reduced after the light in the cladding is coupled back to the fiber core again after passing through the annular area, and finally, the light is coupled back to the second single-mode fiber 6.
The embodiment realizes the improvement of temperature sensitivity by exciting a high-order mode with extremely high temperature sensitivity, solves the problem of cross influence of temperature and refractive index, has the advantages of low cost, easy manufacture, small volume and the like, greatly improves the practicability of the optical fiber temperature sensor, and has great application prospect in production.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The temperature sensor based on the seven-core optical fiber and the bowknot is characterized by comprising a broadband light source (1), a first single-mode optical fiber (2), a first bent single-mode optical fiber (3), a seven-core optical fiber (4), a second bent single-mode optical fiber (5), a second single-mode optical fiber (6) and a spectrum analyzer (7).
2. The temperature sensor based on the seven-core optical fiber and the bowknot according to claim 1, wherein one end of the first single-mode optical fiber (2) is connected with the broadband light source (1) through an FC/APC connector, the first single-mode optical fiber (2) is used as an input end of the structure, and the other end of the first single-mode optical fiber (2) is connected with an input end of the first bent single-mode optical fiber (3).
3. The temperature sensor based on the seven-core optical fiber and the bowknot according to claim 2, wherein the output end of the first bent single-mode optical fiber (3) is connected with one end of the seven-core optical fiber (4), and the other end of the seven-core optical fiber (4) is connected with the input end of the second bent single-mode optical fiber (5).
4. A temperature sensor based on a hepta-core optical fiber and a bow tie according to claim 3, characterized in that the output end of the second bent single-mode optical fiber (5) is connected to one end of a second single-mode optical fiber (6) as output end, and the other end of the second single-mode optical fiber (6) is connected to the input end of a spectrum analyzer (7) through an FC/APC joint.
5. A temperature measurement method of a curvature sensor, characterized in that the seven-core optical fiber and bow tie type temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used, comprising the steps of:
s1, after incident light output by a broadband light source (1) enters an input end of a first bent single-mode fiber (3) through the first single-mode fiber (2), exciting a cladding-coating layer mode in an annular area with larger curvature of the first bent single-mode fiber (3), and coupling back to a fiber core after curvature is reduced;
s2, enabling light in the center to enter an input end of a second bent single-mode fiber (5) through a seven-core fiber (4), exciting a cladding-coating layer mode in an annular area with larger curvature, reducing curvature after the light passes through the annular area, and re-coupling light in the cladding into a fiber core;
s3, coupling back to the second single-mode fiber (6), wherein in the whole process, because an optical path difference exists between a fundamental mode and a higher-order mode, the phase matching condition is met, an interference spectrum is generated on the spectrum analyzer (7), and the temperature measurement is realized through long offset of interference Gu Bo on the spectrum.
6. A method of manufacturing a seven-core optical fiber and bow-tie based temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:
firstly, connecting an input end of a first single-mode fiber (2) with a broadband light source (1) through an FC/APC optical fiber connector, pulling out a section of length from a second end after an output end of the first single-mode fiber (2) is inserted from the first end of a sleeve, bending the single-mode fiber pulled out from the second end to form a spherical structure, inserting the single-mode fiber output end from the second end, pulling out from the first end, and tensioning the single-mode fiber to form a first bent single-mode fiber;
cutting and flattening the output end of the first bent single-mode fiber, cutting and flattening the seven-core fiber, and placing the seven-core fiber in an optical fiber fusion splicer to be fused with the output end of the cut and flattened first bent single-mode fiber, wherein the fusion splice point is a first fusion splice point, and the length of the seven-core fiber is 4+/-0.05 mm;
thirdly, cutting the input end of the other single-mode fiber into a flat shape, welding the input end of the other single-mode fiber with the other end of the seven-core fiber, inserting the output end of the single-mode fiber into the second end of the sleeve, and moving the sleeve to enable the seven-core fiber to be at the middle position of the sleeve;
the fourth step, the output end of the single-mode fiber in the third part is tensioned to form a second bent single-mode fiber, the diameters of the first bent single-mode fiber and the second bent single-mode fiber are adjusted through a precision displacement platform until the diameter of the first bent single-mode fiber is 9+/-0.05 mm, and the diameter of the second bent single-mode fiber is 9.7+/-0.05 mm;
and fifthly, fixing the two ends of the sleeve by using ultraviolet curing glue.
7. The method for manufacturing a temperature sensor based on a hepta-core optical fiber and a bowknot according to claim 7, wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve is 8+ -0.05 mm and the length thereof is 1.6+ -0.1 cm.
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| CN115574974A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-06 | 南通大学 | Temperature sensor based on bent single-mode optical fiber and seven-core optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
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