CN117073203A - Thermal comfort lifting method for household air conditioner in starting stage - Google Patents
Thermal comfort lifting method for household air conditioner in starting stage Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/30—Velocity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
- F24F2120/10—Occupancy
Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal comfort lifting method for a starting stage of a household air conditioner, which comprises the following steps: 1) Calculating the optimal standard equivalent temperature by using a relation model of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature; 2) Calculating the average air temperature and the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel activity area; 3) Starting a household air conditioner, and enabling the household air conditioner to work in an operation mode I until the standard equivalent temperature of a personnel active area reaches the optimal standard equivalent temperature; 4) Changing the running mode of the household air conditioner to enable the household air conditioner to work in the running mode II until the average air temperature of the personnel active area reaches the user set temperature; 5) The household air conditioner is intermittently operated, and the working mode is an operation mode II, so that the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel active area is maintained within the personnel comfort temperature range. The invention can be constructed according to different application scenes to reflect the adaptability of different crowds and different scenes, and is very suitable for the characteristics of the thermal sensation prediction model required by the starting stage of the household air conditioner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of household air conditioner thermal comfort lifting, in particular to a thermal comfort lifting method for a household air conditioner in a starting stage.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of the living standard of the public, people pursue more comfortable indoor environments, so various devices are installed for constructing the comfortable indoor environments, and the household air conditioner is widely applied to household cooling and heating due to the advantages of convenient operation and the like. Because the household air conditioner can be started and stopped for a plurality of times in one day due to the characteristics of being used and started at any time, the air conditioner is not fast enough in the starting stage, and is one of main pain points of a user when the user uses the air conditioner. Although some air conditioner manufacturers put forward modes of rapid cooling, heating, temperature returning and the like, the modes are mainly based on market research and marketing strategy setting of manufacturers, and experimental data are not yet used for supporting scientificity, so that only how to rapidly enable the room temperature to reach a comfort zone is focused. The related researches find that the thermal comfort condition in the starting stage of the air conditioner is poor, and the rapid change of the indoor environment can cause physiological discomfort of a human body and even cause illness.
The existing air conditioner control method has the following problems: 1) Based on fixed data (height, weight, metabolism rate and garment thermal resistance), the air conditioner is controlled and adjusted, and the air conditioner cannot adapt to rapid changes of indoor environments and cannot realize more accurate and real-time control. 2) The optimal thermal comfort value of the human body is determined by the influences of temperature, wind speed and air flow rate on PMV, and the thermal comfort condition of the human body can only be approximately estimated, so that the thermal comfort of the human body can not be accurately and truly reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal comfort lifting method for a starting stage of a household air conditioner, which comprises the following steps of:
1) Constructing a relation model of heat sensation and standard equivalent temperature;
2) Calculating the optimal standard equivalent temperature by using a relation model of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature;
3) Acquiring environmental parameters of a personnel activity area, and calculating the average air temperature and the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel activity area;
4) Starting a household air conditioner, and enabling the household air conditioner to work in an operation mode I until the standard equivalent temperature of a personnel active area reaches the optimal standard equivalent temperature;
5) Changing the running mode of the household air conditioner to enable the household air conditioner to work in the running mode II until the average air temperature of the personnel active area reaches the user set temperature;
6) The household air conditioner is intermittently operated, and the working mode is an operation mode II, so that the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel active area is maintained within the personnel comfort temperature range.
Further, the personnel activity area environmental parameters include one or more of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, average radiation temperature.
Further, the thermal sensation versus standard equivalent temperature model is shown below:
pts=0.133 SET-3.42 (summer) (SET < 30 ℃) (1)
PTS=0.297 SET-8.20 (summer) (SET. Gtoreq.30℃) (2)
Pts=0.207 SET-4.66 (winter) (3)
Wherein PTS is an average thermal sensation index; SET is the standard equivalent temperature.
Further, in the relation model of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature, the average thermal sensation index PTS is a known quantity, and the optimal standard equivalent temperature is an unknown quantity;
wherein the step of calculating the average thermal sensation index PTS includes:
1) And obtaining average heat sensation indexes and corresponding dissatisfaction rates in different seasons, and fitting to obtain a winter heat sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve and a summer heat sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve.
2) And determining an average thermal sensation index when the dissatisfaction rate is the lowest according to the current season.
Further, the average thermal sensation index and the dissatisfaction ratio are obtained by a questionnaire manner.
Further, the personal comfort temperature range is determined by the following method:
1) Setting an upper limit of dissatisfaction rate and an upper limit of dissatisfaction rate, and substituting the upper limit and the upper limit of dissatisfaction rate into a thermal sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve corresponding to the current season to obtain an average thermal sensation index upper limit and an average thermal sensation index lower limit;
2) And substituting the upper and lower average heat sensation indexes into a relation model of heat sensation and standard equivalent temperature to obtain corresponding standard equivalent temperature upper and standard equivalent temperature lower limits, so as to construct a comfortable temperature range for personnel.
Further, when the current season is summer, the operation mode I is middle air supply quantity and large air supply temperature difference; the operation mode II is small air supply quantity and medium air supply temperature difference;
in summer, the large air supply temperature difference range is 13.18 ℃ and 14.66 ℃;
in summer, the temperature difference of medium air supply is 8.94 ℃ and 9.80 ℃.
Further, when the current season is winter, the operation mode I is large air supply quantity and large air supply temperature difference; the operation mode II is the temperature difference of medium air supply and the medium air supply quantity;
in winter, the large air supply temperature difference range is [21.49 ℃,23.00 ℃;
in winter, the temperature difference of medium air supply is 17.26 deg.c and 20.38 deg.c.
Further, in addition to environmental parameters, the metabolic rate of personnel and the thermal resistance of clothing are also considered for calculating Standard Equivalent Temperature (SET), predicted mean heat sensation voting (PMV) and predicted thermal environment dissatisfaction percentage (PPD) indexes.
Further, the air supply quantity gear and the air supply temperature difference gear of the household air conditioner operation mode are determined by the following methods:
the different air supply quantity gear and the air supply temperature difference gear are evaluated by utilizing a good and bad resolving distance method, so that the highest air supply quantity gear and the highest air supply temperature difference gear are evaluated as the current air supply quantity gear and the current air supply temperature difference gear;
the evaluation indexes selected by the good-bad solution distance method comprise heat sensation voting, heat comfort voting, dissatisfaction rate and standard equivalent temperature.
The invention has the technical effects that the operation mode 1 is selected according to heating in winter or cooling in summer, the environment of the personnel activity area is monitored, and parameters such as air temperature and the like are obtained and used for calculating the Standard Effective Temperature (SET) of the personnel activity area. The air conditioner is maintained in the operation mode 1 until the SET is lowered to the optimal SET, and then the operation mode 2 is switched to operate. And starting start-stop control after the air temperature reaches the SET temperature to ensure that the air temperature is always between the SET temperature and the air temperature corresponding to the optimal SET.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) According to the method, the PTS predicted thermal sensation model is established through the standard effective temperature, and the accuracy is further improved compared with the PMV model predicted value.
2) The PTS model constructed by the method is very flexible in classification, can be constructed according to different application scenes, reflects the adaptability of different crowds and different scenes, and is very suitable for the characteristics of a thermal sensation prediction model required by a starting stage of the household air conditioner;
3) The invention introduces a superior-inferior solution distance method (TOPSIS) in the comprehensive evaluation method to judge the superiority and inferiority of each working condition, and can propose a comfortable operation mode of the air conditioner in the starting stage based on the working condition ranking of the TOPSIS method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a thermal comfort boost strategy during a start-up phase of a home air conditioner;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental room arrangement;
FIGS. 3 (a) -3 (b) are graphs of summer average heat sensation vote-actual dissatisfaction rate vote fit;
fig. 4 is a fitted view of the SET-PTS model in the winter and summer at the start-up stage.
FIG. 5 is a time-by-time comparison chart of SET under different control logics for cooling in summer;
FIGS. 6 (a) -6 (b) are graphs comparing satisfaction rates with thermal comfort time by time under different control logics for cooling in summer;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the time-by-time comparison of SET under different control logics for heating in winter;
8 (a) -8 (b) are time-by-time comparison diagrams of satisfaction rates and thermal comfort under different control logics for heating in winter;
FIG. 9 is a fitted view of a SET-PTS model in the winter and summer at the start-up stage;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a two-node model.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations are made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art without departing from the technical spirit of the invention, and all such substitutions and alterations are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 10, a thermal comfort enhancing method for a start-up phase of a home air conditioner includes the steps of:
1) Constructing a relation model of heat sensation and standard equivalent temperature;
2) Calculating the optimal standard equivalent temperature by using a relation model of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature;
3) Acquiring environmental parameters of a personnel activity area, and calculating the average air temperature and the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel activity area;
4) Starting a household air conditioner, and enabling the household air conditioner to work in an operation mode I until the standard equivalent temperature of a personnel active area reaches the optimal standard equivalent temperature;
5) Changing the running mode of the household air conditioner to enable the household air conditioner to work in the running mode II until the average air temperature of the personnel active area reaches the user set temperature;
6) The household air conditioner is intermittently operated, and the working mode is an operation mode II, so that the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel active area is maintained within the personnel comfort temperature range.
Example 2:
the technical content of the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and further, the average air temperature of the personnel activity area is the average air temperature of the positions of the personnel at 0.1m,0.6m and 1.1 m.
Example 2:
the technical content of the method for improving thermal comfort in the starting stage of the household air conditioner is the same as that in embodiment 1, further, the environmental parameters of the personnel activity area include one or more of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and average radiation temperature.
Example 3:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage has the technical content as in any one of the embodiments 1-2, and further, the relation model of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature is as follows:
pts=0.133 SET-3.42 (summer) (SET < 30 ℃) (1)
PTS=0.297 SET-8.20 (summer) (SET. Gtoreq.30℃) (2)
Pts=0.207 SET-4.66 (winter) (3)
Wherein PTS is an average thermal sensation index; SET is the standard equivalent temperature.
Example 3:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage has the technical content as in any one of the embodiments 1-2, and further, the relation model piecewise fitting of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature is based on the following steps:
linear regression analysis was performed on Standard Effective Temperature (SET) and average heat sensation votes, with:
pts=0.178 SET-4.52 (summer) (5.1)
Pts=0.207 SET-4.66 (winter) (5.2)
As can be seen from the fit line shown in the following graph, the accuracy of PTS model prediction decreases as the actual heat sensation vote increases when SET is higher than 30 ℃ during cooling in summer. The PTS model can show that the fit straight line slope of the PTS model reflects the adaptability of the crowd, and when the cooling temperature in summer is in a hotter interval, discomfort can lead to the adaptability of the crowd to be reduced, so that the slope of the straight line is increased, on the other hand, the condition that the SET reduction of the same degree can lead to more obvious heat sensation reduction when the temperature is in a bias interval can be also shown, and the sectional fit can be carried out for cooling in summer.
Example 4:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage has the technical content as in any one of the embodiments 1-3, and further, in a relation model of thermal sensation and standard equivalent temperature, an average thermal sensation index PTS is a known quantity, and an optimal standard equivalent temperature is an unknown quantity;
wherein the step of calculating the average thermal sensation index PTS includes:
1) And obtaining average heat sensation indexes and corresponding dissatisfaction rates in different seasons, and fitting to obtain a winter heat sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve and a summer heat sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve.
2) And determining an average thermal sensation index when the dissatisfaction rate is the lowest according to the current season.
Wherein,
example 5:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the starting stage of the household air conditioner comprises the technical content of any one of the embodiments 1-4, and further, the average thermal sensation index and the dissatisfaction rate are obtained in a questionnaire mode.
Example 6:
a method for improving the thermal comfort of a household air conditioner in a starting stage, which has the technical content as in any one of embodiments 1 to 5, and further, the comfort temperature range of a person is determined by the following method:
1) Setting an upper limit of dissatisfaction rate and an upper limit of dissatisfaction rate, and substituting the upper limit and the upper limit of dissatisfaction rate into a thermal sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve corresponding to the current season to obtain an average thermal sensation index upper limit and an average thermal sensation index lower limit;
2) And substituting the upper and lower average heat sensation indexes into a relation model of heat sensation and standard equivalent temperature to obtain corresponding standard equivalent temperature upper and standard equivalent temperature lower limits, so as to construct a comfortable temperature range for personnel.
Example 7:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage has the technical content as in any one of the embodiments 1-6, and further, the current season is summer, the operation mode I is medium air supply quantity and large air supply temperature difference; the operation mode II is small air supply quantity and medium air supply temperature difference;
in summer, the large air supply temperature difference range is 13.18 ℃ and 14.66 ℃;
in summer, the temperature difference of medium air supply is 8.94 ℃ and 9.80 ℃.
Example 8:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage has the technical content as in any one of the embodiments 1-7, and further, when the current season is winter, the operation mode I is large air supply quantity and large air supply temperature difference; the operation mode II is the temperature difference of medium air supply and the medium air supply quantity;
in winter, the large air supply temperature difference range is [21.49 ℃,23.00 ℃;
in winter, the temperature difference of medium air supply is 17.26 deg.c and 20.38 deg.c.
Example 9:
a method for improving the thermal comfort of a household air conditioner in a starting stage comprises the following steps of 1-8, further considering the metabolism rate of personnel and the thermal resistance of clothes besides the environmental parameters, and calculating Standard Equivalent Temperature (SET), predicted average thermal sensation voting (PMV) and predicted thermal environment dissatisfaction percentage (PPD) indexes.
Example 9:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage comprises the technical contents as in any one of embodiments 1-8, and further comprises the steps of firstly, in the SET index calculation, approximately simulating the heat exchange process of a human body and an environment through a two-node model to obtain corresponding heat exchange quantity and physiological parameters, and then, carrying out equivalence on an actual environment and an SET standard environment. The two-node model is a classical human body thermal physiological regulation model. The human body is simplified into a core layer and a skin layer, the heat generated by the human body is considered to be from the core layer, the heat is transferred to the skin layer through blood flow, and the skin is subjected to heat exchange through clothing on the surface of the body or directly with the external environment, and a two-node model schematic diagram is shown in fig. 10.
The two-node model dynamic thermal equilibrium equation is shown below.
For the core layer:
for the skin layer:
wherein: m, ΔM is metabolic rate and metabolic rate of increased cold fibrillation, W/-square meter, respectively; w is the work done by the human body to the outside, W/-square meter; cres, eres are the heat dissipation capacity of breathing sensible heat and heat dissipation capacity of latent heat, W/square meter respectively; k is the heat transfer coefficient from the core layer to the skin layer, W/(. Square.); ρ bl Is the density of blood, kg/L; m is m bl Is the blood flow of the skin layer, L/(. Square.) C; c bl ，c cr ，c sk The specific heat capacities of the blood, the core layer and the skin layer, J/(kg. DEG C), respectively; t is t cr The temperature of the core layer is DEG C; t is t sk Is the average skin temperature of human body, DEG C; m is m cr ，m sk The mass of the core layer and the skin layer are kg respectively; a is that d Human body surface area, square meter; τ is time, s; q (Q) sk The heat dissipation capacity of the skin is W/square meter.
The skin heat dissipation capacity Q under the real environment can be obtained through the calculation of the two-node model sk Skin temperature t sk And skin wettability ω. In the SET calculation, the skin heat dissipation Q in the equivalent environment and the real environment sk The same is used to establish the equation. It is assumed that the person has the same skin temperature t in the equivalent environment as in the real environment sk And skin wettability ω, i.e., sensible heat radiation and latent heat radiation through the skin, then the person is considered to have the same thermal sensation in a standard environment as in an actual environment.
Q sk ＝h w (t sk -t o )+wh e (p sk -p a )＝h ws (t sk -SET)+wh es (p sk -0.5p sSET ) (3)
Wherein: q (Q) sk The heat dissipation capacity of the skin is W/square meter; h is a w W/(. Square meters) is the comprehensive heat exchange coefficient of convection and radiation; wh (wh) e The heat exchange coefficient is the comprehensive evaporation heat exchange coefficient, W/(squaremeter.Pa); t is t sk Skin temperature, DEG C; t is t o Air temperature and radiant temperature are weighted average, deg.c, for operating temperature; p is p sk Vapor pressure, pa, of the skin surface; p is p a At an air temperature of T a Corresponding vapor pressure Pa; h is a ws The heat exchange coefficient of the standard environment is W/(squaremeter DEG C); wh (wh) es The evaporation heat exchange coefficient is W/(squaremeter.Pa) of a standard environment; SET is equivalent air temperature, DEG C; p is p sSET The expression temperature is the vapor pressure corresponding to SET, pa.
Wherein the PMV calculation formula is as follows:
wherein M is metabolic rate, W/M2; fcl is the clothing area factor; ta is the air temperature, DEG C;is the average radiation temperature, DEG C; pa is the partial pressure of water vapor, pa; tcl is the garment surface temperature, DEG C.
Wherein the PPD calculation formula is as follows:
PPD＝100-95exp[(0.03353PMV 4 +0.2179PMV 2 )]
in actual calculations SET, PMV, PPD can be calculated by the python thermal comfort calculation package pythermalcofort 1.3.1.
Example 10:
the method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage has the technical content as in any one of embodiments 1 to 9, and further, the air supply quantity gear and the air supply temperature difference gear of the household air conditioner operation mode are determined by the following methods:
the different air supply quantity gear and the air supply temperature difference gear are evaluated by utilizing a good and bad resolving distance method, so that the highest air supply quantity gear and the highest air supply temperature difference gear are evaluated as the current air supply quantity gear and the current air supply temperature difference gear;
the evaluation indexes selected by the good-bad solution distance method comprise heat sensation voting, heat comfort voting, dissatisfaction rate and standard equivalent temperature.
Example 11:
a method for improving the thermal comfort of a household air conditioner in a starting stage comprises the following steps:
step one: designing and constructing an experiment platform according to the indoor household air conditioning environment, arranging measuring points to collect parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity and the like, and investigating subjective feeling of personnel;
step two: determining an optimal SET value and an I-level comfort zone according to the personnel dissatisfaction rate, and establishing a PTS model;
step three: judging the quality of an air supply mode in the starting stage of the air conditioner based on a quality solution distance method, and selecting a winter and summer operation mode 1 and an operation mode 2;
step four: and determining an air conditioner control strategy according to the user set temperature and the actual temperature change condition of the room within half an hour of starting the air conditioner.
The experimental platform should be built according to actual conditions.
The method adopts parameters such as the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, radiation temperature, clothing state and the like of the household air conditioning environment to calculate Standard Equivalent Temperature (SET), forecast average heat sensation voting (PMV) and forecast dissatisfaction percentage (PPD) indexes of the heat environment.
The PTS model is built and the optimal SET value and comfort interval are determined based on the relevant indicators mentioned in claim 3.
And analyzing the quality of the air supply mode at the starting stage of the air conditioner according to a quality resolution distance method, and finally dividing the running mode of the air conditioner.
The control logic of the thermal comfort lifting method in the starting stage of the household air conditioner is to collect related parameters of a personnel activity area in real time according to the SET temperature of a user, determine an air supply mode 1 according to winter and summer according to claim 5, calculate the optimal SET of the current environment, determine an air supply mode 2 according to winter and summer if the optimal SET is reached, and exit the control logic if the air temperature reaches the SET temperature of the user and the time is more than or equal to 30 min.
Example 12:
a method for improving the thermal comfort of a household air conditioner in a starting stage comprises the following steps:
step one: and designing and constructing an experiment room according to the indoor household air conditioning environment, and arranging parameter measuring points.
It should be noted that the technical requirement is designed based on a similar principle, and an indoor household air conditioner environment experiment room is built, and the following conditions are satisfied:
the service area of the indoor air conditioner model is 35m 2 ～49m 2 Between them.
The room heat and humidity environment parameter measurement is set according to the requirements of the civil building indoor heat and humidity standard GB/T50785-2012, three equal division points on the diagonal line of an experimental platform are selected as flow field test points, and test piles are arranged.
And a temperature and humidity self-recording instrument and an air speed detector are arranged at the air supply and return inlet of the air conditioner. The arrangement temperature and humidity of the flow field measuring points and the height of the wind speed flow field measuring points are arranged at the positions of 0.1m,0.6m,1.1m and 1.7m on the test pile, and one measuring point is respectively arranged at the air outlet of the air conditioner.
The technology provides a sample, taking a certain household air conditioning environment as an example, and carrying out design calculation aiming at the characteristic size and the measuring point position of a room. The size of the experimental room is 6.24m multiplied by 5.65m multiplied by 2.8m, the air conditioner adopts a 72-type vertical air conditioner, the measuring point arrangement is shown in figure 2, the experimental instrument is shown in table 1, and the working condition setting is shown in table 2.
Table 1 monitoring instrument parameter table
Table 2 table for working conditions of winter and summer experiments
Step two: determining an optimal SET value and an I-level comfort zone according to the personnel dissatisfaction rate, and establishing a PTS model;
the personnel active area Standard Effective Temperature (SET), predicted mean heat sensation voting (PMV), predicted thermal environment dissatisfaction percentage (PPD) indicators were calculated by the python thermal comfort calculation package pythermalcom fort 1.3.1.
Based on a PMV-PPD model formula, unknown offset is set in the thermal sensation items for fitting, and the average thermal sensation voting-actual dissatisfaction rate voting fitting results in winter and summer are shown in figure 3. When the actual dissatisfaction rate of the air conditioner in the starting stage of summer is lowest, the heat sensation voting is-0.16, and when the heat sensation voting is 0.56 in winter, the dissatisfaction rate is lowest. From the class I thermal comfort PPD <10% in GB/T50785, it is known that the class I thermal comfort thermal sensation range in the summer start-up phase is [ -0.47, +0.15], and the class I thermal comfort thermal sensation range in the winter start-up phase is [ -0.04, +1.16].
The votes of the summer cooling and winter heating heat sensation are classified according to the standard effective temperature 1 ℃ interval (+ -0.5 ℃) and the average value of TSVs in each standard effective temperature interval is used for reflecting the general rule under the scene and the equivalent temperature. The Standard Effective Temperature (SET) is fitted to the average heat sensation votes, and to improve the accuracy of the predictions, votes for summer SET above 30 ℃ and votes for SET below 30 ℃ may be fitted in segments. The thermal sensation prediction formula is:
PTS=0.133 SET-3.42 (summer) (SET < 30 ℃ C.)
PTS=0.297 SET-8.20 (summer) (SET. Gtoreq.30℃)
Pts=0.207 SET-4.66 (winter)
From the PTS model fitting straight line (as shown in fig. 4), the best SET with lowest dissatisfaction rate in summer (TS= -0.16) is 24.5 ℃, and the SET range of the class I comfort interval with the dissatisfaction rate less than 10% is [22.2 ℃,26.8 ]; the best SET at the lowest winter dissatisfaction (ts=0.56) was 25.2 ℃, and the SET range for class I comfort intervals with dissatisfaction less than 10% was [22.3 ℃,28.1 ℃).
Step three: based on a good-bad solution distance method, judging the good-bad of an air supply mode in the starting stage of the air conditioner, and determining a winter and summer operation mode 1 and an operation mode 2:
for the starting stage of the air conditioner, the indoor environment changes time by time to cause the subjective heat sensation to change time by time, the environment and the subjective heat sensation are in dynamic change, a certain single thermal comfort index or the change amount thereof is adopted for evaluation, the quality of the starting stage under each set working condition cannot be accurately evaluated, and a quality solution distance method (TOPSIS) in a comprehensive evaluation method is introduced to evaluate the quality of each working condition.
TOPSIS method generally comprises four steps of orthogonalization of original data matrix, matrix standardization, calculation of optimal solution and worst solution distance, calculation of score and sequencing.
Forward conversion of original data matrix
The forward conversion of the original data matrix is to unify different index types of the original data, generally unify the indexes for processing, and convert all the indexes into very large indexes so as to facilitate calculation and processing, and the conversion method is as follows:
for very small index:
x′＝M-x (1)
wherein:
x' is a post-conversion index;
m is the maximum value in the index;
x is an index before transformation.
For the intermediate type index:
M＝max{|x i -x best |} (2)
for interval index:
1,a≤x≤b
2) Construction of a normalization matrix
And (3) normalizing the matrix after forward normalization, namely performing normalization operation on elements in each index. The formula is as follows:
3) Calculating the difference between each evaluation index and the optimal and worst vectors
The distance between the ith evaluation object and the maximum value is calculated by using Euclidean distance:
the Euclidean distance is used for calculating the distance between the ith evaluation object and the minimum value:
wherein w is j For the weight of the j-th attribute, the study was validated using the entropy weight method.
4) And calculating the proximity degree of the evaluation object and the optimal scheme, and sequencing according to the following calculation formula.
Three subjective indexes are screened out according to the combination of subjective and objective indexes: thermal sensation voting, thermal comfort voting, dissatisfaction ratio, an objective index: SET, four indicators of the comprehensive evaluation. For the unstable thermal sensation stage, the indexes adopt the variable quantity as a measurement standard, and the indexes are minimum indexes in summer and maximum indexes in winter. The specific gravity of the index is determined by an entropy weight method in two seasons of winter and summer and two stages of unstable heat sensation and stability, and the specific gravity is shown in table 3. The practical significance of the calculation result is that the larger the comprehensive improvement amplitude of the thermal comfort brought by the air conditioner before the thermal feeling is stable, the better the comprehensive comfort value of each index is the closer the air conditioner after the thermal feeling is stable.
Table 3 different stage entropy weight method calculation index weight
TOPSIS calculation and analysis are carried out before and after summer heat sensation stabilization, before and after winter heat sensation stabilization, and the average air supply and return air temperature difference of the air conditioner under each working condition of each stage is counted to obtain the ranking of each set working condition as shown in table 4, and the average air supply temperature difference under each stage of air conditioner operation is divided as shown in table 5.
Table 4 comprehensive ranking table based on TOPSIS working conditions
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Table 5 average air supply temp. difference dividing table for air conditioner at each stage
As can be seen from the combination of tables 4 and 5, the optimal starting mode of the air conditioner in summer is the medium air supply quantity and the large air supply temperature difference is started; the worst starting mode is small air supply quantity and small air supply temperature difference starting. After the heat feeling in summer is stable, the most comfortable operation mode is small air supply quantity and medium air supply temperature difference operation. The optimal starting mode of the air conditioner in winter is large air supply quantity and large air supply temperature difference starting; the worst mode is small air supply quantity and small air supply temperature difference operation. After the thermal sensation is stable in winter, the most comfortable operation mode is medium air supply temperature difference and medium air supply quantity. Thus, the optimal SET, the comfortable range and the optimal operation mode are combined to obtain the main parameters of the control logic in the starting stage, and the main parameters are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 control logic main parameters for PTS model based air conditioner start stage
Step four: and determining an air conditioner control strategy according to the user set temperature and the actual temperature change condition of the room within half an hour of starting the air conditioner.
Example 1: summer user sets 26 ℃ high wind speed working condition
(1) Different operation modes 1 are selected according to winter heating or summer cooling.
The operation mode 1 (see table 6) is selected, namely the medium air quantity and the large temperature difference. Therefore, the medium-grade wind is adopted for operation, and the temperature difference of the air supply and return is kept between 13.18 and 14.66 ℃.
(2) Environmental monitoring is carried out on the personnel activity area, and environmental parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity and the like are collected in real time. The Standard Effective Temperature (SET) for the personnel active area was calculated by the python thermal comfort calculation package pythermalcom fort 1.3.1. The actual standard effective temperature of the room is compared with the optimal standard effective temperature of 24.5 ℃ in summer. If the temperature is higher than 24.5, the air conditioner operates according to the operation mode 1, and if the temperature is lower than the optimal standard effective temperature in summer, the operation mode 2 is switched. As shown in Table 6, the summer operation mode 2 is small air quantity and medium temperature difference operation, namely, low grade air is adopted, and the temperature difference of air supply and return is 8.94-9.80 ℃.
(3) The operation mode 2 is kept to continuously operate until the air temperature reaches the set temperature; after the air temperature reaches the SET temperature, starting start-stop control, and intermittently operating in the operation mode 2, so that the air temperature is always between the SET temperature and the air temperature corresponding to the optimal SET, and the SET is maintained in the I-level comfort zone.
And (3) collecting the air temperature, comparing the air temperature with the set temperature, and if the room air temperature is higher than the set temperature, keeping the operation mode 2, namely keeping the operation continuously with the small air volume and medium temperature difference. When the air temperature reaches the set temperature, namely the air temperature is lower than the set temperature of a user, the air conditioner is intermittently operated, and the air temperature is kept within [24.5, 26] ℃.
(4) Judging whether the time reaches half an hour, and if so, exiting the operation logic.
(5) By using the method, the thermal comfort lifting effect in the starting stage is achieved:
the SET change curve in 30min based on the PTS model control logic at the high wind speed of 26 ℃ is shown in fig. 5, and as can be seen from the graph, the SET in the PTS model control logic in the previous 9min is basically consistent with the SET in the high wind speed of 26 ℃, and the difference between 9 and 30min occurs. Based on the SET and PTS models and the relationship between the thermal sensation and the satisfaction rate and the thermal comfort, the satisfaction rate and the thermal comfort at each minute can be calculated. FIG. 6 is a graph of dissatisfaction rate and thermal comfort change under 26 ℃ high wind speed working condition and PTS model control logic, and it is known from the graph that the dissatisfaction rate is reduced by 0.09% -2.71% within 9-30 min through PTS model control, and the average reduction of the whole starting stage is 1.52%; the thermal comfort lifting amplitude is 1.32% -22.06%, and the average lifting amplitude in the whole starting stage is 10.76%.
Example 2: winter user sets high wind speed working condition at 21 DEG C
(1) Different operation modes 1 are selected according to winter heating or summer cooling.
The operation mode 1 (see table 6) is selected, namely, the large air quantity and the large temperature difference are obtained. Therefore, the high-grade wind is adopted to operate, and the temperature difference of the air supply and return is kept at 21.49-23.00 ℃.
(2) Environmental monitoring is carried out on the personnel activity area, environmental parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity and the like are collected in real time, and the Standard Effective Temperature (SET) of the personnel activity area is calculated. The room actual standard effective temperature is compared to the winter best standard effective temperature 25.2. If the temperature is lower than 24.5, the air conditioner operates according to the operation mode 1, and if the temperature is higher than the optimal standard effective temperature in winter, the operation mode 2 is switched to operate. As shown in Table 6, the winter operation mode 2 is medium-air-quantity medium-temperature-difference operation, namely medium-grade air is adopted, and the temperature difference of air supply and return is 17.26-20.38 ℃.
(3) The operation mode 2 is kept to continuously operate until the air temperature reaches the set temperature; after the air temperature reaches the SET temperature, starting start-stop control, and intermittently operating in the operation mode 2, so that the air temperature is always between the SET temperature and the air temperature corresponding to the optimal SET, and the SET is maintained in the I-level comfort zone.
The air temperature is collected and compared with the set temperature, and if the room air temperature is higher than the set temperature, the operation mode 2 is kept, namely the temperature difference in small air volume is kept to operate continuously. When the air temperature reaches the SET temperature, namely, the air temperature is lower than the SET temperature of a user, the air conditioner is intermittently operated, the air temperature is kept at 25.2 ℃, and the SET range of the I-level comfort zone with the dissatisfaction rate less than 10% is [22.3 ℃,25.2 ].
(4) Judging whether the time reaches half an hour, and if so, exiting the operation logic.
(5) By using the method, the thermal comfort lifting effect in the starting stage is achieved:
the SET change curves at the high wind speed of 21 ℃ and based on the PTS model control logic within 30min are shown in fig. 7, and as can be seen from the graph, the SET at the PTS model control logic of the previous 4min is basically consistent with the SET at the high wind speed of 21 ℃, and the difference occurs between 5 min and 30 min. Based on the SET and PTS models and the relationship between the thermal sensation and the satisfaction rate and the thermal comfort, the satisfaction rate and the thermal comfort at each minute can be calculated. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the dissatisfaction ratio and thermal comfort change of PTS model control logic under the same initial conditions at 21℃and the decrease of the dissatisfaction ratio within 5-30 min under PTS model control
0.05 to 2.31 percent, and the average drop of the whole starting stage is 2.01 percent; the thermal comfort is improved in amplitude
1.40 to 26.60 percent, and the average improvement of the whole starting stage is 15.45 percent.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the thermal comfort of the household air conditioner in the starting stage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) And constructing a relation model of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature.
2) And calculating the optimal standard equivalent temperature by using a relation model of the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature.
3) Acquiring environmental parameters of a personnel activity area, and calculating the average air temperature and the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel activity area;
4) Starting a household air conditioner, and enabling the household air conditioner to work in an operation mode I until the standard equivalent temperature of a personnel active area reaches the optimal standard equivalent temperature;
5) Changing the running mode of the household air conditioner to enable the household air conditioner to work in the running mode II until the average air temperature of the personnel active area reaches the user set temperature;
6) The household air conditioner is intermittently operated, and the working mode is an operation mode II, so that the standard equivalent temperature of the personnel active area is maintained within the personnel comfort temperature range.
2. A method of thermal comfort enhancement for a home air conditioner start-up phase according to claim 1, wherein said personnel active area environment parameters include one or more of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, average radiant temperature.
3. The method for improving the thermal comfort during the start-up phase of a household air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the relationship model between the thermal sensation and the standard equivalent temperature is as follows:
pts=0.133 SET-3.42 (summer) (SET < 30 ℃) (1)
PTS=0.297 SET-8.20 (summer) (SET. Gtoreq.30℃) (2)
Pts=0.207 SET-4.66 (winter) (3)
Wherein PTS is an average thermal sensation index; SET is the standard equivalent temperature.
4. The method for improving the thermal comfort of a household air conditioner in a starting stage according to claim 1, wherein in a relation model of thermal sensation and standard equivalent temperature, an average thermal sensation index PTS is a known quantity, and an optimal standard equivalent temperature is an unknown quantity;
wherein the step of calculating the average thermal sensation index PTS includes:
1) And obtaining average heat sensation indexes and corresponding dissatisfaction rates in different seasons, and fitting to obtain a winter heat sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve and a summer heat sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve.
2) And determining an average thermal sensation index when the dissatisfaction rate is the lowest according to the current season.
5. The method for improving the thermal comfort during the start-up phase of a household air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the average thermal sensation index and the dissatisfaction rate are obtained by means of a questionnaire.
6. A method for enhancing the thermal comfort of a home air conditioner during the start-up phase according to claim 1, characterized in that the comfort temperature range of the person is determined by:
1) Setting an upper limit of dissatisfaction rate and an upper limit of dissatisfaction rate, and substituting the upper limit and the upper limit of dissatisfaction rate into a thermal sensation-dissatisfaction rate fitting curve corresponding to the current season to obtain an average thermal sensation index upper limit and an average thermal sensation index lower limit;
2) And substituting the upper and lower average heat sensation indexes into a relation model of heat sensation and standard equivalent temperature to obtain corresponding standard equivalent temperature upper and standard equivalent temperature lower limits, so as to construct a comfortable temperature range for personnel.
7. The method for improving the thermal comfort of the starting stage of the household air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein besides the environmental parameters, the personnel metabolism rate and the garment thermal resistance are considered, and the method is used for calculating standard equivalent temperature SET, predicting average thermal sensation voting PMV and predicting thermal environment dissatisfaction percentage PPD indexes.
8. The method for improving the thermal comfort of a home air conditioner in a start-up phase according to claim 1, wherein the supply air amount shift and the supply air temperature difference shift of the home air conditioner operation mode are determined by:
the different air supply quantity gear and the air supply temperature difference gear are evaluated by utilizing a good and bad resolving distance method, so that the highest air supply quantity gear and the highest air supply temperature difference gear are evaluated as the current air supply quantity gear and the current air supply temperature difference gear;
the evaluation indexes selected by the good-bad solution distance method comprise heat sensation voting, heat comfort voting, dissatisfaction rate and standard equivalent temperature.
9. The method for improving the thermal comfort of a home air conditioner in the starting stage according to claim 8, wherein the current season is summer, the operation mode I is a medium air supply amount and a large air supply temperature difference; the operation mode II is small air supply quantity and medium air supply temperature difference;
in summer, the large air supply temperature difference range is 13.18 ℃ and 14.66 ℃;
in summer, the temperature difference of medium air supply is 8.94 ℃ and 9.80 ℃.
10. The method for improving the thermal comfort of a home air conditioner during a start-up phase according to claim 8, wherein when the current season is winter, the operation mode I is a large air supply amount and a large air supply temperature difference; the operation mode II is the temperature difference of medium air supply and the medium air supply quantity;
in winter, the large air supply temperature difference range is [21.49 ℃,23.00 ℃;
in winter, the temperature difference of medium air supply is 17.26 deg.c and 20.38 deg.c.
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