CN117072715A

CN117072715A - Four-way valve

Info

Publication number: CN117072715A
Application number: CN202311071191.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周峰; 宋宇; 马国远
Original assignee: Beijing University of Technology
Current assignee: Beijing University of Technology
Priority date: 2023-08-24
Filing date: 2023-08-24
Publication date: 2023-11-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-way valve, which belongs to the technical field of valves and comprises a valve body, a valve core assembly, an operation shaft assembly and a limiting assembly; the valve body extends along the up-down direction; four connecting channels are arranged in the radial direction of the valve body, and the four connecting channels are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the valve body; an operation shaft assembly is matched in the valve body; the valve core assembly is connected to the operation shaft assembly, and the operation shaft assembly and the valve core assembly are coaxially arranged; the valve core assembly at least comprises a valve core, and the valve core at least comprises a circulation channel; the size of the flow channel is the same as that of the connecting channel; the operation shaft assembly is used for driving the valve core assembly to move up and down and rotate along the autorotation direction, so that the on-off and the adjustment of the communication area between the circulation channel and the connection channel are realized; the limiting assembly at least comprises a first limiting piece used for fixing the operation shaft assembly and the valve body. The invention can effectively solve the problems of single function, high coordination control difficulty and the like of the existing valve.

Description

Four-way valve

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of valves, in particular to a four-way valve.

Background

The valve is a pipeline accessory for opening and closing a pipeline, controlling the flow direction, adjusting and controlling the parameters of the conveying medium. Depending on their function, they can be classified into shutoff valves, check valves, regulating valves, etc. The valve can be applied to various fluid delivery and distribution pipe networks, such as water, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and the like; the method can also be applied to heating pipe networks, heating ventilation air conditioning fluorine systems and water systems, such as a data center heating ventilation air conditioning water system, and has a great application prospect.

In the prior art, the existing valve has single function. Taking a data center heating ventilation air conditioning water system as an example, the data center air conditioning system is provided with a plurality of subsystems, so that the waste heat of the data center can be utilized as much as possible under the condition of meeting the refrigeration requirement of the data center, but each subsystem is provided with respective water loops and mutually coupled, and a valve is required to be arranged for adjusting the water pipe flow paths of the subsystems so as to realize switching among the subsystems. The existing valve has single function, for example, the one-way valve can only realize the opening or closing of a waterway, the three-way valve can only realize the switching between two flow paths, and the four-way valve can only realize the two-in and two-out of fluid, and is mostly used in Freon systems. This results in the need to employ more valves in existing data center hvac water systems to meet system variable operating conditions and multi-mode operating requirements. For example, chinese patent No. CN 113072120B discloses a data center-based combined heat and cold sea water desalination system, which requires four three-way valves and one four-way valve.

However, the following problems exist with more valves: 1. many interfaces are generated by more valves, so that the complexity of the water pipe line is increased; 2. under the working condition of annual operation, if the subsystems are required to be frequently switched, the opening and closing of a plurality of valves are required to be controlled, and as the valves are more and are installed and scattered, the difficulty of coordination control among the valves is increased, and the difficulty of connection and laying of control lines is increased; 3. because the outdoor temperature changes and causes load fluctuation, the water flow in the pipeline needs to be regulated, and the water flow in the pipeline is not controlled by the large number of valves.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a four-way valve, which aims to solve the problems of single function, distributed arrangement, high coordination control difficulty and the like of the existing valve. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a four-way valve comprises a valve body, a valve core assembly, an operation shaft assembly and a limiting assembly; the valve body extends along the up-down direction; four connecting channels are arranged in the radial direction of the valve body, and the four connecting channels are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the valve body; an operation shaft assembly is matched in the valve body; the valve core assembly is connected to the operation shaft assembly, and the operation shaft assembly and the valve core assembly are coaxially arranged; the valve core assembly at least comprises a valve core, and the valve core at least comprises a circulation channel; the size of the flow channel is the same as that of the connecting channel; the operation shaft assembly is used for driving the valve core assembly to move up and down and rotate along the autorotation direction, so that the on-off and the adjustment of the communication area between the circulation channel and the connection channel are realized; the limiting assembly at least comprises a first limiting piece used for fixing the operation shaft assembly and the valve body.

Further, the valve core assembly comprises at least one of a first valve core, a second valve core and a third valve core; the first valve core is provided with a circular flow channel perpendicular to the central axis of the first valve core; the second valve core is provided with two second arc-shaped flow channels perpendicular to the central axis of the second valve core, and the two second arc-shaped flow channels are symmetrical relative to the central axis of the second valve core; the center lines of the inlet and the outlet of the second arc-shaped flow channel are vertical; the third valve core is provided with a third arc-shaped flow channel perpendicular to the central axis of the third valve core; the center lines of the inlet and the outlet of the third arc-shaped flow channel are perpendicular.

Further, the operation shaft assembly comprises a thin rod section and a thick rod section which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the thick rod section is arranged in the valve body, and the upper end of the thin rod section exceeds the upper end of the valve body; the thick rod section is connected with a valve core assembly; the upper end part of the thin rod section is provided with a first adjusting component for driving the operation shaft component to rotate along the autorotation direction; the thin rod section is provided with a second adjusting component for driving the operating shaft component to move up and down.

Further, the first adjusting assembly comprises a first operating handle, and the first operating handle is fixedly connected with the upper end part of the thin rod section; the second adjusting assembly comprises an upper end cover, a shaft sleeve and a second operating handle; an upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the valve body; the upper end cover is provided with a threaded hole for guiding the thin rod section up and down, the outer rotating sleeve of the thin rod section is provided with a shaft sleeve, and the outer wall of the shaft sleeve is provided with threads; the shaft sleeve is connected with the upper end cover through threads; the second operation handle is used for driving the shaft sleeve to rotate so as to enable the operation shaft assembly to move up and down.

Further, a key groove is formed in the inner wall of the shaft sleeve; the outer wall of the slender rod section is provided with a shaft shoulder; the shoulder fits within the keyway.

Further, a lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the valve body; the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively connected with the valve body through studs and nuts.

Furthermore, a circular sealing ring and a sliding bearing are embedded between the thick rod section and the valve body.

Further, the limiting assembly further comprises a second limiting piece; the first limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the thick rod section and the valve body; the second limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the thin rod section and the shaft sleeve.

Further, the first limiting piece comprises a first limiting key group and a plurality of first key groove groups axially arranged along the thick rod section; the first limit key group at least comprises a first limit key, and the first key groove group comprises a plurality of first key grooves uniformly arranged along the circumference of the thick rod section; the valve body is provided with a first limiting channel for the first limiting key to pass through; the first limit keys are in one-to-one correspondence with the first limit channels; the first limit key penetrates through the first limit channel and is matched in the first key groove, so that the relative position between the thick rod section and the valve body is fixed.

Further, the second limiting piece comprises a second limiting key group and a second key groove group; the second limit key group at least comprises a second limit key, and the second key groove group comprises a plurality of second key grooves uniformly arranged along the circumference of the thin rod section; the shaft sleeve is provided with a second limiting channel for the second limiting key to pass through; the second limit keys are in one-to-one correspondence with the second limit channels; the second limiting key penetrates through the second limiting channel and is matched in the second key groove, so that the relative position between the thin rod section and the shaft sleeve is fixed.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. according to the four-way valve provided by the invention, through the arrangement of the valve body, the valve core assembly, the operation shaft assembly and the limiting assembly, the switching of different valve cores, the communication and conversion of channels and the adjustment of communication areas can be simultaneously realized, so that the flow direction and flow of inlet and outlet fluid are adjusted, the number of valves in a pipeline is reduced to the greatest extent, the coordination control difficulty among the valves is reduced, and the centralized connection and laying of control lines are facilitated;

2. the four-way valve provided by the invention can also increase and decrease the types and the number of the valve cores according to actual demands, further realize the functions of one inlet and multiple outlets, multiple inlets and one outlet, multiple inlets and multiple outlets and the like, and can be widely applied to waterway connection of variable-working-condition and multi-mode heating ventilation air conditioners;

3. the four-way valve provided by the invention can easily realize variable flow paths and flow regulation, is simple and convenient to operate, has good sealing property, can be applied to various fluid delivery and distribution pipe networks, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, oxygen and the like, can also be applied to heating pipe networks, heating ventilation air conditioning fluorine systems and water systems, and has a wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-way valve according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first valve core provided by the present invention, in which: FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b) are top and left side views, respectively, of a first valve spool;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second valve core provided by the present invention, in which: FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b) are top and left side views, respectively, of a second valve spool;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third valve core provided by the present invention, in which: FIGS. 4 (a), 4 (b) are top and left side views, respectively, of a third valve spool;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first limiting member according to the present invention, where: fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are schematic views of the first stopper in a locked state and an unlocked state, respectively;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second limiting member according to the present invention, wherein: fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are schematic views of the second stopper in a locked state and an unlocked state, respectively;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve body provided by the present invention, wherein A, B, C, D corresponds to four connecting channels respectively;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of 180 ° single-flow regulation provided by the present invention, wherein: FIG. 8 (a) is A-C conductive and FIG. 8 (B) is B-D conductive;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of dual-flow conditioning provided by the present invention, wherein: FIG. 9 (a) is A-B, C-D conducting simultaneously, and FIG. 9 (b) is A-D, B-C conducting simultaneously;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of 90 ° single-flow regulation provided by the present invention, wherein: FIG. 10 (a) is A-B conductive, FIG. 10 (B) is B-C conductive, FIG. 10 (C) is C-D conductive, and FIG. 10 (D) is D-A conductive;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of 180 ° single-flow-path flow regulation provided by the present invention, wherein: 11 (a) - (e) correspond to the four-way valve interface area changes when the first operating handle is rotated clockwise 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75, respectively;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of dual flow regulation provided by the present invention, wherein: FIGS. 12 (a) - (e) correspond to the four-way valve interface area changes when the first operating handle is rotated clockwise 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75, respectively;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of 90 ° single-flow-path flow regulation provided by the present invention, wherein: 13 (a) - (k) correspond to the four-way valve interface area variations upon clockwise rotation of the first operating handle by 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 135 °, 150 °, 165 °, 225 °, 240 °, and 255 °, respectively;

FIG. 14 shows two valve cores according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

in the accompanying drawings: 1-valve body, 2-connecting channel, 3-first case, 4-second case, 5-third case, 6-thin pole section, 7-thick pole section, 8-first operating handle, 9-upper end cover, 10-axle sleeve, 11-second operating handle, 12-screw thread, 13-keyway, 14-shoulder, 15-lower end cover, 16-double-screw bolt, 17-nut, 18-circular sealing washer, 19-slide bearing, 20-first spacing key, 21-first keyway, 22-second spacing key, 23-second keyway.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Embodiment one:

see fig. 1-14. A four-way valve comprises a valve body 1, a valve core assembly, an operation shaft assembly and a limiting assembly; the valve body 1 extends in the up-down direction; four connecting channels 2 are arranged in the radial direction of the valve body 1, and the four connecting channels 2 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the valve body 1; an operation shaft assembly is matched in the valve body 1; the valve core assembly is connected to the operation shaft assembly, and the operation shaft assembly and the valve core assembly are coaxially arranged; the valve core assembly at least comprises a valve core, and the valve core at least comprises a circulation channel; the size of the flow channel is the same as that of the connecting channel 2; the operation shaft assembly is used for driving the valve core assembly to move up and down and rotate along the autorotation direction, so that the on-off and the adjustment of the communication area between the circulation channel and the connection channel 2 are realized; the limit assembly comprises at least a first limit piece for fixing the operating shaft assembly and the valve body 1. According to the structure, the four-way valve provided by the invention comprises the valve body 1 and the valve core assembly, wherein the valve core assembly is matched in the valve body 1. As shown in fig. 7, the valve body 1 is provided with four connecting passages 2, respectively denoted as A, B, C, D, and the center lines of adjacent two connecting passages 2 are perpendicular to each other. The valve core assembly at least comprises one valve core or a combination of a plurality of different valve cores, and can be arranged according to actual requirements. The valve core at least comprises a circulation channel, the circulation channel can be set according to actual requirements, the size of the circulation channel of the valve core is the same as the diameter of the connecting channel 2, and after the valve core is installed in place, the position of the connecting channel of the valve body 1 corresponds to one valve core of the valve core assembly. When the valve is in operation, fluid enters from a certain connecting channel 2, then flows out from the rest connecting channel 2 through the circulating channel of the valve core, and the functions of conveying the fluid and controlling the flow direction are realized. The four-way valve provided by the invention further comprises an operation shaft assembly, wherein the operation shaft assembly is connected with the valve core assembly, the operation shaft assembly and the valve core assembly can be an integral body, and different valve cores are sequentially connected along the up-down direction. When the valve is in operation, the operation shaft assembly rotates to drive the valve core assembly to synchronously rotate, so that the flow path and the flow of a certain valve core are adjusted; the operating shaft assembly moves up and down to drive the valve core assembly to synchronously move up and down, so that switching among different valve cores is realized, and for example, the up and down movement or the rotation of the operating shaft assembly can be controlled through the operating handle. The four-way valve provided by the invention further comprises a limiting assembly, wherein the limiting assembly at least comprises a first limiting piece, and the first limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the operating shaft assembly and the valve body 1 after the operating shaft assembly is adjusted in place. The four-way valve provided by the invention can realize the switching of different valve cores, the communication and conversion of channels and the adjustment of the communication area, thereby adjusting the flow direction and the flow of inlet and outlet fluid.

Embodiment two:

see fig. 1-14. On the basis of the first embodiment, the valve core assembly comprises at least one of a first valve core 3, a second valve core 4 and a third valve core 5; the first valve core 3 is provided with a circular flow channel perpendicular to the central axis of the first valve core 3; the second valve core 4 is provided with two second arc-shaped flow channels perpendicular to the central axis of the second valve core 4, and the two second arc-shaped flow channels are symmetrical relative to the central axis of the second valve core 4; the center lines of the inlet and the outlet of the second arc-shaped flow channel are vertical; the third valve core 5 is provided with a third arc-shaped flow channel perpendicular to the central axis of the third valve core 5; the center lines of the inlet and the outlet of the third arc-shaped flow channel are perpendicular. As can be seen from the above structure, the present invention provides three different types of valve spools, namely, a first valve spool 3, a second valve spool 4 and a third valve spool 5, wherein the valve spool assembly comprises at least one of the first valve spool 3, the second valve spool 4 and the third valve spool 5, and preferably, the valve spool assembly comprises the first valve spool 3, the second valve spool 4 and the third valve spool 5 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The first valve core 3, the second valve core 4 and the third valve core 5 are all cylindrical, and the sizes of the valve cores are matched with the valve body 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the first valve core 3 is provided with a circular flow channel 3a perpendicular to the central axis of the first valve core 3, and the first valve core 3 can realize 180-degree single-flow-path flow of fluid. As shown in fig. 3, the second valve core 4 is provided with two second arc-shaped flow channels perpendicular to the central axis of the second valve core 4, namely 4a and 4b, the two second arc-shaped flow channels 4a and 4b are in a plane, are centrosymmetric according to the central axis of the second valve core 4, and the central lines of the inlets and outlets of the second arc-shaped flow channels 4a and 4b are perpendicular to each other; the second valve core 4 can realize fluid double-flow circulation. As shown in fig. 4, the third valve core 5 is provided with a third arc-shaped flow channel 5a perpendicular to the central axis of the third valve core 5, and the inlet and outlet central axes of the third arc-shaped flow channel 5a are perpendicular; the third valve core 5 can realize 90-degree single-flow circulation of fluid. The circular flow channel 3a, the second arcuate flow channels 4a and 4b, and the third arcuate flow channel 5a are the same size as the connecting channel 2.

Embodiment III:

see fig. 1-14. On the basis of the second embodiment, the operation shaft assembly comprises a thin rod section 6 and a thick rod section 7 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the thick rod section 7 is arranged in the valve body 1, and the upper end of the thin rod section 6 exceeds the upper end of the valve body 1; the thick rod section 7 is connected with a valve core assembly; the upper end part of the slender rod section 6 is provided with a first adjusting component for driving the operation shaft component to rotate along the autorotation direction; the thin rod section 6 is provided with a second adjusting component for driving the operating shaft component to move up and down. As can be seen from the above structure, as shown in fig. 1, the operating shaft assembly includes a thin shaft section 6 and a thick shaft section 7, the thin shaft section 6 and the thick shaft section 7 are both cylindrical, and the diameter of the thick shaft section 7 is larger than that of the thin shaft section 6. The thick pole section 7 is located in the valve body 1, and thick pole section 7 size and valve body 1 assorted, thick pole section 7's length is less than the length of valve body 1, and the upper and lower both ends of thick pole section 7 all leave certain activity space. The slender rod section 6 is located partly inside the valve body 1 and partly outside the valve body 1. Preferably, the valve core component is arranged at the middle section of the thick rod section 7, the thin rod section 6, the thick rod section 7 and the valve core component can be connected into a whole, the central axes are coincident, and the valve core component can comprise one valve core or a combination of multiple valve cores. The upper end of the thin rod section 6 is provided with a first adjusting component for driving the operation shaft component to rotate along the rotation direction, when the first adjusting component is adjusted, the first adjusting component drives the operation shaft component to rotate along the rotation direction, and the operation shaft component drives the valve core component to synchronously rotate, so that the flow path and the flow of a certain valve core are adjusted. The thin rod section 6 is further provided with a second adjusting component for driving the operating shaft component to move up and down, the second adjusting component can be located below the first adjusting component, when the second adjusting component is adjusted, the second adjusting component drives the operating shaft component to move up and down, and the operating shaft component drives the valve core component to move up and down synchronously, so that switching between different valve cores is achieved.

The first adjusting assembly comprises a first operating handle 8, and the first operating handle 8 is fixedly connected with the upper end part of the thin rod section 6; the second adjusting assembly comprises an upper end cover 9, a shaft sleeve 10 and a second operating handle 11; an upper end cover 9 is arranged at the upper end of the valve body 1; the upper end cover 9 is provided with a threaded hole for guiding the thin rod section 6 up and down, the thin rod section 6 is sleeved with a shaft sleeve 10 in a rotating way, and the outer wall of the shaft sleeve 10 is provided with threads 12; the shaft sleeve 10 is connected with the upper end cover 9 through threads 12; the second operating handle 11 is used for driving the shaft sleeve 10 to rotate, so that the operating shaft assembly moves up and down. As can be seen from the above structure, the first operating handle 8 is fixedly connected to the upper end portion of the thin rod section 6, for example, the first operating handle 8 may be fitted into a groove formed in the upper end portion of the thin rod section 6. When the first operating handle 8 is rotated, the thin rod section 6 is synchronously rotated, the thin rod section 6, the thick rod section 7 and the valve core assembly are integrated, so that the thick rod section 7 and the valve core synchronously rotate, and the flow path and the flow rate of a certain valve core are adjusted. The second operating handle 11 can be arranged at the upper end part of the shaft sleeve 10, when the second operating handle 11 is rotated, the shaft sleeve 10 and the operating shaft assembly are driven to move up and down through the threads 12, so that the valve core assembly is driven to move up and down, and the switching between different valve cores is realized.

A key groove 13 is formed in the inner wall of the shaft sleeve 10; the outer wall of the slender rod section 6 is provided with a shaft shoulder 14; the shoulder 14 fits within the keyway 13. According to the structure, the shaft sleeve 10 is sleeved on the outer wall of the thin rod section 6, specifically, the outer wall of the thin rod section 6 is provided with the shaft shoulder 14, the corresponding inner wall of the shaft sleeve 10 is provided with the key slot 13, and the shaft shoulder 14 is matched in the key slot 13, so that the shaft sleeve 10 and the operation shaft assembly can synchronously move up and down; it is also possible to realize rotation of the operating shaft assembly in the rotation direction with respect to the sleeve 10. Preferably, the number of the shaft shoulder 14 and the key groove 13 is three.

The lower end of the valve body 1 is provided with a lower end cover 15; the upper end cover 9 and the lower end cover 15 are respectively connected with the valve body 1 through a stud 16 and a nut 17. According to the structure, the lower end of the valve body 1 is provided with the lower end cover 15, so that foreign objects can be prevented from entering the valve body 1, and the normal operation of the four-way valve is prevented from being influenced. Simultaneously, upper end cover 9, lower end cover 15 are connected with valve body 1 through double-screw bolt 16 and nut 17 respectively, and the connection mode of double-screw bolt 16 and nut 17 is convenient for upper end cover 9 and lower end cover 15 installation and dismantlement, and then is convenient for operate the change of axle subassembly and case subassembly.

A circular sealing ring 18 and a sliding bearing 19 are embedded between the thick rod section 7 and the valve body 1. As is apparent from the above structure, the circular seal ring 18 serves to prevent leakage of fluid from the inside of the valve body 1, and the slide bearing 19 serves to secure stability during movement of the operating shaft assembly.

The limiting assembly further comprises a second limiting piece; the first limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the thick rod section 7 and the valve body 1; the second limiting member is used for relatively fixing the thin rod section 6 and the shaft sleeve 10. According to the structure, the four-way valve provided by the invention comprises two types of limiting pieces, namely a first limiting piece and a second limiting piece, wherein the first limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the thick rod section 7 and the valve body 1, and the second limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the thin rod section 6 and the shaft sleeve 10. Through the mutual cooperation of the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece, the reliable adjustment and stable work of the four-way valve can be realized.

The first limiting piece comprises a first limiting key group and a plurality of first key groove groups which are axially arranged along the thick rod section 7; the first limit key group at least comprises a first limit key 20, and the first key groove group comprises a plurality of first key grooves 21 uniformly arranged along the circumference of the thick rod section 7; the valve body 1 is provided with a first limiting channel for the first limiting key 20 to pass through; the first limit keys 20 are in one-to-one correspondence with the first limit channels; the first limit key 20 penetrates through the first limit channel and is matched in the first key groove 21, so that the relative position between the thick rod section 7 and the valve body 1 is fixed. From the above structure, the first limiting members are used for relatively fixing the thick rod section 7 and the valve body 1, specifically, fig. 1 schematically illustrates a structure in which the first limiting members are disposed on the upper side and the lower side of the valve core assembly, each first limiting member includes a first limiting key group and three first key groove groups, the three first key groove groups are distributed at equal intervals along the thick rod section 7 in the axial direction, and the distance between two adjacent first key groove groups is equal to the height of the valve core. The first limiting piece structure is shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 illustrates that the first limiting key group comprises four first limiting keys 20, and the adjacent two first limiting keys 20 form 90 degrees; the first key groove group comprises twenty-four first key grooves 21, and 15 degrees are formed between two adjacent first key grooves 21. Fig. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the first limiter in a locked state, and fig. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the first limiter in an unlocked state. When the first limit key 20 is matched with the first key groove 21, the valve body 1 and the thick rod section 7 are locked, and no relative movement of up and down and rotation exists between the valve body 1 and the thick rod section 7; when the first limit key 20 is separated from the first key groove 21, the valve body 1 and the thick rod section 7 can perform up-and-down or rotation relative movement. The different angles of the operation shaft assembly correspond to the different first key grooves 21, and the first limiting piece can be locked, so that the maintenance device is stable.

The second limiting piece comprises a second limiting key group and a second key groove group; the second limit key set at least comprises a second limit key 22, and the second key groove set comprises a plurality of second key grooves 23 uniformly arranged along the circumference of the thin rod section 6; the shaft sleeve 10 is provided with a second limiting channel for the second limiting key 22 to pass through; the second limit keys 22 are in one-to-one correspondence with the second limit channels; the second limit key 22 penetrates through the second limit channel to be matched in the second key groove 23, so that the relative position between the thin rod section 6 and the shaft sleeve 10 is fixed. As can be seen from the above structure, the second limiting member is used for relatively fixing the thin rod section 6 and the shaft sleeve 10, specifically, the second limiting member structure is shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 illustrates a structure that the second limiting key set includes two second limiting keys 22, and the two second limiting keys 22 form 180 degrees; the second keyway group includes twenty-four second keyways 23, with 15 ° between two adjacent second keyways 23. Fig. 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of the second limiter in a locked state, and fig. 6 (b) is a schematic diagram of the second limiter in an unlocked state. When the second limit key 22 is matched with the second key groove 23, the shaft sleeve 10 and the thin rod section 6 are locked, and no relative movement of up and down and rotation exists between the shaft sleeve 10 and the thin rod section 6; when the second limit key 22 is separated from the second key groove 23, the shaft sleeve 10 and the thin rod section 6 are unlocked, and the shaft sleeve 10 and the thin rod section can move up and down and rotate relatively. The second limiting piece can be locked by the second key grooves 23 corresponding to different angles of the operation shaft assembly, so that the maintenance device is stable.

When the valve core assembly comprises a first valve core 3, a second valve core 4 and a third valve core 5 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the specific flow path and flow regulation process are as follows:

1. four-way valve double-flow-path adjustment

When the four-way valve is at the initial position, as shown in fig. 9 (a), the connecting channel 2 of the four-way valve is combined with the second valve core 4, the second arc-shaped flow channel 4a of the second valve core 4 conducts the four-way valve A-B, the second arc-shaped flow channel 4B of the second valve core 4 conducts the four-way valve C-D, and the simultaneous inlet and outlet of the fluid A-B, C-D can be realized; when fluid is fed and discharged, the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece are locked, so that the four-way valve is prevented from being damaged due to vibration between the operation shaft assembly and the valve body 1, and meanwhile, the gravity of the operation shaft assembly is shared, and the screw thread 12 is prevented from being invalid. The first and second stoppers are then unlocked, and the operating shaft assembly is prevented from falling off with the shoulder 14 secured. And then the first operation handle 8 is rotated 90 degrees clockwise to lock the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece. At this time, as shown in fig. 9 (B), the second arc-shaped flow channel 4a of the second valve element 4 turns on the four-way valve B-C, and the second arc-shaped flow channel 4B of the second valve element 4 turns on the four-way valve a-D, thereby realizing the switching between the two flow paths.

2. 180-degree single-flow-path adjustment of four-way valve

After the four-way valve is regulated to an initial position, the first limiting piece is unlocked, the second limiting piece is locked, the first operating handle 8 is rotated, the shaft sleeve 10 and the operating shaft assembly are driven to move downwards through the threads 12, and therefore the valve core assembly is driven to move downwards; the second operating knob 11 is rotated until the first valve cartridge 3 is coupled with the four-way valve connecting passage 2, at which time the circular flow passage 3a of the first valve cartridge 3 turns on the four-way valve a-C, as shown in fig. 8 (a). Unlocking the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece, rotating the first operating handle 8 clockwise by 90 degrees, and conducting the four-way valve B-D through the circular flow channel 3a of the first valve core 3 at the moment, so as to realize 180-degree single-flow-path switching as shown in fig. 8 (B).

3. Four-way valve 90 DEG single-flow-path adjustment

After the four-way valve is regulated to an initial position, the first limiting piece is unlocked, the second limiting piece is locked, the first operating handle 8 is rotated, the shaft sleeve 10 and the operating shaft assembly are driven to move upwards through the threads 12, and therefore the valve core assembly is driven to move upwards; the second operating handle 11 is rotated until the third spool 5 is combined with the four-way valve connecting passage 2, at which time the third arcuate flow passage 5a of the third spool 5 turns on the four-way valve a-B, as shown in fig. 10 (a). Unlocking the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece, respectively rotating the first operating handle 8 clockwise by 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and respectively realizing the conduction between the four-way valves B-C, C-D, A-D, as shown in fig. 10 (B) - (D), and realizing the switching between the 90-degree single flow paths.

4. And (3) regulating the flow of the four-way valve:

when the four-way valve is in a double-flow-path state, the first operating handle 8 can be rotated to realize the adjustment of double-flow-path flow. As shown in fig. 12, fig. 12 (a) - (e) correspond to the four-way valve interface area variations when the first operating handle 8 is rotated clockwise by 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 75 °, respectively. When the angle is from 15 degrees to 45 degrees, the area of the channel A-B is gradually reduced, and the corresponding flow is reduced; at 45 deg. to 75 deg., the C-D passage area becomes larger gradually, and the corresponding flow becomes larger.

When the four-way valve is in a 180-degree single-flow-path state, the adjustment of 180-degree single-flow-path flow can be realized by rotating the first operating handle 8. As shown in fig. 11, fig. 11 (a) - (e) correspond to the four-way valve interface area variations when the first operating handle 8 is rotated clockwise by 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 75 °, respectively. The area of the A-C channel gradually becomes smaller from 15 degrees to 45 degrees, and the corresponding flow rate becomes smaller; at 45 ° to 75 °, the B-D passage area becomes larger gradually, and the corresponding flow becomes larger.

When the four-way valve is in a 90-degree single-channel state, the adjustment of the 90-degree single-channel flow can be realized by rotating the first operating handle 8. As shown in fig. 13, fig. 13 (a) - (k) correspond to the four-way valve interface area variations when the first operating handle is rotated clockwise by 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 135 °, 150 °, 165 °, 225 °, 240 °, and 255 °, respectively. When the first operating handle 8 is rotated clockwise by 15-45 degrees, the area of the A-B channel is gradually reduced, and the corresponding flow is reduced; the B-C channel area gradually becomes larger when the angle is 60 DEG to 75 DEG, and the corresponding flow rate becomes larger; the B-C channel is fully opened at 90 degrees; the B-C channel area varies inversely from 90 ° to 135 °. When the angle is 135-165 degrees, the area of the C-D channel gradually becomes larger, and the corresponding flow rate becomes larger; the C-D channel is fully opened at 180 ℃; the C-D channel area varies inversely from 180 ° to 225 °. When 225 degrees to 255 degrees, the area of the A-D channel gradually becomes larger, and the corresponding flow rate becomes larger; the a-D channels are fully open at 270 deg..

Embodiment four:

see fig. 1-14. On the basis of the third embodiment, the invention also provides two other valve cores with different structures, namely a fourth valve core and a fifth valve core, as shown in fig. 14, wherein fig. 14 (a) is a fourth valve core structure, and fig. 14 (b) is a fifth valve core structure. When the valve is used, the valve core shown in fig. 14 can be added according to actual demands, and the functions of one fluid inlet and two fluid outlets, one inlet and three fluid outlets, three inlets and one outlet, two inlets and two outlets and the like can be realized by rotating the first operating handle 8 and the second operating handle 11, so that the valve can be widely applied to a system with variable working conditions.

It should be noted that the present invention is exemplified by manual operation to describe the four-way valve, and actually includes other driving modes such as electric driving, thermal driving, differential pressure driving, differential temperature driving, etc.

The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A four-way valve, characterized in that: comprises a valve body (1), a valve core component, an operation shaft component and a limiting component; the valve body (1) extends along the up-down direction; four connecting channels (2) are arranged in the radial direction of the valve body (1), and the four connecting channels (2) are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the valve body (1); an operation shaft assembly is matched in the valve body (1); the valve core assembly is connected to the operation shaft assembly, and the operation shaft assembly and the valve core assembly are coaxially arranged; the valve core assembly at least comprises a valve core, and the valve core at least comprises a circulation channel; the size of the circulating channel is the same as that of the connecting channel (2); the operation shaft assembly is used for driving the valve core assembly to move up and down and rotate along the autorotation direction, so that the on-off and the adjustment of the communication area between the circulation channel and the connection channel (2) are realized; the limiting assembly at least comprises a first limiting piece used for fixing the operation shaft assembly and the valve body (1).

2. A four-way valve according to claim 1, wherein: the valve core assembly comprises at least one of a first valve core (3), a second valve core (4) and a third valve core (5); the first valve core (3) is provided with a circular flow channel perpendicular to the central axis of the first valve core (3); the second valve core (4) is provided with two second arc-shaped flow channels perpendicular to the central axis of the second valve core (4), and the two second arc-shaped flow channels are symmetrical relative to the central axis of the second valve core (4); the center lines of the inlet and the outlet of the second arc-shaped flow channel are vertical; the third valve core (5) is provided with a third arc-shaped flow channel perpendicular to the central axis of the third valve core (5); the center lines of the inlet and the outlet of the third arc-shaped flow channel are perpendicular.

3. A four-way valve according to claim 1, wherein: the operation shaft assembly comprises a thin rod section (6) and a thick rod section (7) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the thick rod section (7) is arranged in the valve body (1), and the upper end of the thin rod section (6) exceeds the upper end of the valve body (1); the thick rod section (7) is connected with a valve core assembly; the upper end part of the slender rod section (6) is provided with a first adjusting component for driving the operating shaft component to rotate along the autorotation direction; the thin rod section (6) is provided with a second adjusting component for driving the operating shaft component to move up and down.

4. A four-way valve according to claim 3, wherein: the first adjusting assembly comprises a first operating handle (8), and the first operating handle (8) is fixedly connected with the upper end part of the thin rod section (6); the second adjusting assembly comprises an upper end cover (9), a shaft sleeve (10) and a second operating handle (11); an upper end cover (9) is arranged at the upper end of the valve body (1); the upper end cover (9) is provided with a threaded hole for guiding the thin rod section (6) up and down, the thin rod section (6) is externally rotatably sleeved with a shaft sleeve (10), and the outer wall of the shaft sleeve (10) is provided with threads (12); the shaft sleeve (10) is connected with the upper end cover (9) through threads (12); the second operating handle (11) is used for driving the shaft sleeve (10) to rotate so as to enable the operating shaft assembly to move up and down.

5. The four-way valve according to claim 4, wherein: a key groove (13) is formed in the inner wall of the shaft sleeve (10); the outer wall of the slender rod section (6) is provided with a shaft shoulder (14); the shaft shoulder (14) is matched in the key groove (13).

6. The four-way valve according to claim 4, wherein: the lower end of the valve body (1) is provided with a lower end cover (15); the upper end cover (9) and the lower end cover (15) are respectively connected with the valve body (1) through a stud (16) and a nut (17).

7. A four-way valve according to claim 3, wherein: a circular sealing ring (18) and a sliding bearing (19) are embedded between the thick rod section (7) and the valve body (1).

8. The four-way valve according to claim 4, wherein: the limiting assembly further comprises a second limiting piece; the first limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the thick rod section (7) and the valve body (1); the second limiting piece is used for relatively fixing the thin rod section (6) and the shaft sleeve (10).

9. A four-way valve according to claim 8, wherein: the first limiting piece comprises a first limiting key group and a plurality of first key groove groups axially arranged along the thick rod section (7); the first limit key group at least comprises a first limit key (20), and the first key groove group comprises a plurality of first key grooves (21) uniformly arranged along the circumference of the thick rod section (7); a first limiting channel for the first limiting key (20) to pass through is arranged on the valve body (1); the first limit keys (20) are in one-to-one correspondence with the first limit channels; the first limiting key (20) penetrates through the first limiting channel and is matched in the first key groove (21), so that the relative position between the thick rod section (7) and the valve body (1) is fixed.

10. A four-way valve according to claim 8, wherein: the second limiting piece comprises a second limiting key group and a second key groove group; the second limit key group at least comprises a second limit key (22), and the second key groove group comprises a plurality of second key grooves (23) uniformly arranged along the circumference of the thin rod section (6); a second limiting channel for the second limiting key (22) to pass through is arranged on the shaft sleeve (10); the second limit keys (22) are in one-to-one correspondence with the second limit channels; the second limiting key (22) penetrates through the second limiting channel and is matched in the second key groove (23), so that the relative position between the thin rod section (6) and the shaft sleeve (10) is fixed.