CN117072249A - Intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method and system for mine fire disaster - Google Patents
Intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method and system for mine fire disaster Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An auxiliary decision-making method and system for intelligent monitoring and early warning of mine fire disaster comprises the following steps; collecting characteristic parameters of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning, identifying and judging mine fire and evaluating risk, intelligently assisting decision-making of coal spontaneous combustion and performing multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method and effect feedback adjustment; the invention has the characteristics of strong pertinence, easy operation, high efficiency, good effect and rapid emergency response to the spontaneous combustion fire disaster of the mine coal, and can achieve the fundamental transition from passive treatment to active prevention and control of the fire disaster of the coal, and realize the aim of safe and high-yield and high-efficiency mining of the coal mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine fire prevention and extinguishment, in particular to an intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method and system for mine fires.
Background
The spontaneous combustion disaster of coal is one of main disasters faced in the coal exploitation process, the spontaneous combustion tendency of more than 90% of coal beds is easy spontaneous combustion (class I) or spontaneous combustion (class II), and the spontaneous combustion fire disaster of the coal beds is very serious in the coal exploitation process. Along with the high-speed development of economic health, the mining intensity of mines is further increased, the mechanization degree and the monitoring technology are improved, the mining intensity of high-yield and high-efficiency mines is further increased, and in recent years, the problems of spontaneous combustion of mine coals under a series of complex environmental conditions such as short-distance coal seam group mining, island working face mining, rock burst working face mining and the like seriously obstruct the safe production of mines.
At present, the difficult problem and key of coal spontaneous combustion disaster prevention and treatment are mainly as follows: 1) The coal spontaneous combustion fires in the goaf three-dimensional space have fire source concealment, often occur in goafs or coal pillars which cannot enter or are difficult to enter, have poor coal rock mass heat conductivity, and are easy to cause fire discrimination hysteresis by methods such as smoke, open fire and the like in the prior art; 2) The distribution range of spontaneous combustion dangerous areas of spontaneous combustion coal in goaf coal is wide, and the fire prevention measures cannot be disposed to an accurate position due to continuous change of the working face; 3) The traditional goaf coal spontaneous combustion monitoring has the problems of large workload, more dead zones, poor timeliness, high report missing rate and the like; 4) The coal spontaneous combustion control technology cannot keep pace with development steps of mining automation and intelligent technologies, and the monitoring and control technologies are not controlled in a combined way.
The existing coal spontaneous combustion disaster prevention and control technology comprises two means of monitoring and measures, wherein the monitoring part mainly comprises manual periodic gas taking monitoring, monitoring of coal temperature by an infrared thermometer, a beam tube detection system and the like; the measures for preventing and extinguishing fire comprise: nitrogen injection, grouting, plugging, pressure injection of fire extinguishing materials, sealing and the like. Compared with the prior art, the conventional fire prevention and extinguishing technical means have the following problems:
(1) The existing goaf has large gas data volume, high manual collection working strength and low data updating speed, and is difficult to realize real-time monitoring; the monitoring points of the coal spontaneous combustion information in the dangerous area are few, the monitoring range is small, the workload of personnel is large, the reliability of the acquired information is poor, and the pertinence is not strong; the infrared thermometer can only measure the surface temperature of an object, and the temperature change condition in the dangerous area is difficult to invert through the surface temperature;
(2) The existing beam tube monitoring system has poor information sharing, only realizes on-line monitoring of index parameters, lacks comprehensive acquisition and processing of fire information, has imperfect on-line comprehensive analysis and early warning functions, and generally has only a single-index overrun warning function. The development of dynamic monitoring technology of the characteristic information of the spontaneous combustion dangerous area is immature, and the reliability, stability and comprehensiveness of detection parameters are difficult to ensure. The system has high false alarm rate and false missing rate, and the fire source position is difficult to accurately judge.
(3) Most of the current mine fire prevention technical measures are abnormal passive emergency, single in measure, and poor in pertinence, effectiveness and timeliness, and the using time is not clear. The dangerous area cannot be treated by fire prevention and extinguishment in the initial stage of spontaneous combustion of coal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the intelligent monitoring early warning auxiliary decision-making method and system for the mine fire disaster, which have the characteristics of strong pertinence, easy operation, high efficiency, good effect and quick emergency response for the spontaneous combustion fire disaster of the mine coal, and can achieve the fundamental transition from passive treatment to active prevention and control of the coal fire disaster and realize the aim of safe, high-yield and high-efficiency mining of the coal mine.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method for the mine fire disaster comprises four main steps of acquisition of characteristic parameters of monitoring and early warning of the spontaneous combustion of coal, identification and judgment of the mine fire disaster, risk assessment, intelligent auxiliary decision-making of the spontaneous combustion of coal, a multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method and effect feedback adjustment; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The data collected on site through the multi-parameter on-line system and the smoke sensor form coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning characteristic parameter collection, and basic data are provided for mine fire disaster identification judgment and risk assessment;
(2) The coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning characteristic parameters are converted into the corresponding levels of the measure judgment range judgment and the grading early warning through the conclusion of the coal spontaneous combustion three-drive dynamic division, the dangerous area judgment and the construction of the coal spontaneous combustion intelligent grading early warning index system, and the levels are provided for the coal spontaneous combustion intelligent auxiliary decision-making and the multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method;
(3) The intelligent auxiliary decision of spontaneous combustion of coal and the multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method are used for judging the corresponding level of the step early warning according to the measure judgment range provided by the mine fire disaster identification judgment and the risk assessment, and obtaining the corresponding measure and the implementation position of the nitrogen injection and grouting measure in advance according to the collaborative prevention and control content of different early warning levels;
(4) The goaf after implementing the measures can generate new gas data change, and new grading early warning and measure conclusion can be generated by a multi-parameter on-line system according to the gas change through coal spontaneous combustion monitoring early warning characteristic parameter acquisition, mine fire disaster identification judgment and risk assessment, intelligent auxiliary decision of coal spontaneous combustion and a multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method, so that effect feedback adjustment is realized.
In the step (2), the coal spontaneous combustion three-phase dynamic division and dangerous area judgment are performed by mainly dividing the basic data provided by the multi-parameter on-line monitoring system into coal spontaneous combustion dangerous areas to provide measure range judgment for fire prevention and extinguishing measures, and the coal spontaneous combustion intelligent grading early warning index system is used for constructing basic data provided by the multi-parameter on-line monitoring system and natural ignition and marking critical value test experiments to determine coal spontaneous combustion grading early warning indexes and corresponding grades thereof.
Coal spontaneous combustion three-phase dynamic division: spontaneous combustion of residual coal in a goaf is divided into three zones, namely a heat dissipation zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of more than 18 percent), an oxidation temperature rise zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of more than 18 percent) and a choking zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of less than 5 percent);
coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warningThe method comprises the steps that a beam tube arranged in characteristic parameter collection extracts gas of a goaf through a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor to analyze oxygen concentration in real time, oxygen gradually reduces to 5% from 21% of normal air content along with the increase of the stoping and pushing progress of a daily working face, and the oxygen gradually reduces to 5% from 21% according to the descending trend, and the oxygen is written into a software algorithm according to the division of a heat dissipation belt (oxygen concentration > 18%), an oxidation heat rising belt (5% > oxygen concentration > 18%) and a choking belt (oxygen concentration < 5%), wherein the daily input pushing progress is in an accumulation state, and the corresponding pushing degree L of the oxygen is achieved in the process of gradually reducing the oxygen from 21% to 5% 1 I.e. the width L of the oxidation heat rising zone 2 Degree of propulsion L 1 Width of oxidation heat rising zone L 2 。
The coal spontaneous combustion active grading cooperative prevention and control method of the goaf comprises the following steps of;
(1) early warning initial value: when the temperature is less than 30-40 ℃, dynamically propelling the coal bed, and controlling the existence time of an oxidation zone to enable the oxidation zone to quickly enter a choking zone;
(2) gray early warning: when the temperature rises to be higher than 30-40 ℃, the oxygen concentration needs to be further reduced, and the end is plugged or nitrogen is injected under pressure while dynamic propulsion is carried out;
(3) blue early warning: after the coal temperature exceeds 50-60 ℃ and enters the self-heating stage, the spontaneous combustion of the coal is inhibited by adopting measures for reducing the oxygen concentration according to the limiting oxygen concentration, and further heating is prevented, so that the end head is required to be plugged and the nitrogen is injected under pressure to reduce the oxygen concentration while dynamic propulsion is carried out;
(4) yellow early warning: once the coal temperature reaches the critical temperature of over 70-80 ℃, the coal body in the goaf starts to oxidize rapidly, the limiting oxygen concentration is reduced, the coal body can still oxidize slowly under lower oxygen concentration, and grouting temperature inhibition or colloid injection is carried out on the goaf while early oxygen reduction measures are carried out to form a colloid isolation wall to isolate the fire area in sections;
(5) orange early warning: after the temperature exceeds 90-110 ℃, the coal body starts to be rapidly oxidized and pyrolyzed, and fire prevention and extinguishing materials are injected into a fire area in a pressing mode to form a colloid separation wall to be matched with other fire prevention and extinguishing measures;
(6) red and black early warning: when the temperature exceeds 130-140 ℃, the mining surface is sealed to further formulate a fire prevention and extinguishing scheme, and fire prevention and extinguishing measures are implemented.
The decision content of the intelligent auxiliary decision and the multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method for spontaneous combustion of coal is as follows:
(1) early warning initial value: the gas in the goaf enters an early warning initial value index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 For xx, dynamic pushing is ensured, and the pushing progress is V a ；
(2) Gray early warning: the gas in the goaf enters gray early warning indexes, and the goaf CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 For xx, dynamic pushing is ensured, and the pushing progress is V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Adopting end plugging or nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction measures, wherein the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine);
(3) blue early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a blue early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Xx, push progress of V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine);
(4) yellow early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a yellow early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Xx, push progress of V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine); the grouting is carried out in a sectional isolation way or grouting temperature inhibition measures are adopted (whether a popup window selects to remotely start a grouting machine or not), and the grouting opening range is arranged in L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 Within the range;
(5) orange early warning: orange early warning index of gas in goaf, where CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, push progress V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In the range (automatically starting the nitrogen injection machine) and carrying out sectional isolation;
(6) red early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a red early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, C 2 H 2 The concentration is xx, and the mining face is required to be immediately sealed;
(7) black early warning: the smoke at the return air corner appears, and the goaf CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, C 2 H 2 The concentration is xx, and the mining face needs to be immediately sealed.
In the step (3), the measure content comprises linkage nitrogen injection, linkage grouting, sectional isolation, dynamic propulsion, end plugging and sealing of the mining face.
A system based on a mine fire intelligent monitoring early warning auxiliary decision-making method comprises the following steps:
(1) Defining the arrangement position of a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor of an internal system; the method comprises the steps that collected data are transmitted to a ground dispatching room through 485 communication lines, a host computer and an exchanger from a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor of a downhole goaf, a working surface, a shaft and the ground;
(2) The multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor is arranged 10-15m in front of the stoping line, and the smoke sensor is arranged at the entrance and return corners of the working face; the gas in the goaf is analyzed by a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor through a beam tube and data are transmitted into an underground industrial ring network, a smoke sensor transmits smoke signals to a smoke sensor base station to enter the underground ring network, and the data enter a communication base station from the ring network to be transmitted to an underground database;
(3) The test experiment of the natural ignition flag gas and the critical value of the coal provides data support for the construction of the intelligent grading early warning index system of the spontaneous combustion of the coal.
The method comprises the steps of loading a coal sample into a coal sample tank, heating the coal sample tank by using an electric heating wire, enabling preheated air to enter the coal sample tank through a flowmeter, providing oxygen for oxidization of the coal sample, enabling gas generated by heating the coal sample to pass through a pipeline to a gas chromatograph for gas analysis, enabling a thermometer embedded into the coal sample tank to monitor the change of the coal temperature in real time, enabling the thermometer to be linked with the gas chromatograph, analyzing to obtain gas data corresponding to the coal temperature, and accordingly obtaining the types and the concentrations of the gas generated in different coal temperatures, and further obtaining the gas regular change in the spontaneous combustion heating process of the coal.
The invention has the beneficial effects of.
(1) The corresponding relation between the gas index and the coal temperature, which is tested by the coal natural ignition marking gas and critical value testing experimental device, determines the gas index and the critical value for accurately representing the six-level early warning of the spontaneous combustion of the coal; by means of experiment and field data butt joint, the influence of common noise, abnormal data and missing data of the coal spontaneous combustion characteristic information is eliminated, a fitting value of the missing data is obtained, a fitting temperature value which can be used for reference is provided, and accuracy of coal temperature early prediction is improved. The corresponding relation between the gas index and the coal temperature obtained by testing the natural ignition mark gas and the critical value of the coal further finely divides the stages in the spontaneous combustion oxidation process of the coal, and provides five gas indexes (CO and O) capable of accurately representing the spontaneous combustion temperature of the coal 2 、ΔCO/ΔO 2 、C 2 H 4 、C 2 H 2 ) The temperature range and the gas index critical value of the coal spontaneous combustion grading early warning are determined, the mine coal spontaneous combustion six-level early warning is realized, and guidance is provided for the transition from passive treatment to active prevention of mine spontaneous combustion fire.
(2) The method for actively grading and cooperatively preventing and controlling the spontaneous combustion of the goaf coal by matching the pushing progress of the working face is provided;
the oxidation temperature rise zone width L is determined according to the three-drive dynamic division of the spontaneous combustion of goaf coal 2 Providing a treatment position basis for the treatment of fire prevention measures, and the minimum pushing progress V of the working surface min The propulsion degree V of double safety factor is proposed a (V a ＝2V min ) The technical means of 'dynamic propulsion, end plugging, inert injection and oxygen reduction, grouting and temperature inhibition, sectional isolation, closed mining face' and the like are mutually cooperated are provided in combination with six-level early warning of coal spontaneous combustion by matching with the actual pushing rate VThe fire extinguishing capability of corresponding measures is improved spatially and temporally.
(3) By combining underground equipment and a software system, theory and on-site actual conditions, the problems of large workload, more blind areas, poor timeliness, high report missing rate and the like in the traditional goaf coal spontaneous combustion monitoring are avoided, and the disaster prevention and resistance capability of the mine due to the fire disaster is improved.
(4) The coal spontaneous combustion control technology is enabled to keep pace with the development pace of the current mine exploitation intelligent technology, intelligent identification, auxiliary decision making, linkage control and effect verification of mine fire control are completed, the monitoring and prevention and control technology is combined, and the intelligent fire prevention and control is realized.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor field layout.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of sensor work surface equipment installation locations and data transmission.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coal natural ignition flag gas and critical value test experiment apparatus.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an automatic active prevention and control module for spontaneous combustion of coal.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-5: the invention relates to an intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method for mine fire, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting characteristic parameters of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning:
the construction of the system requires the provision of data support by means of a large number of sensors arranged under the mine, the sensors comprising: a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor and a smoke sensor.
Wherein the multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor monitoring data comprises: carbon monoxide, oxygen, ethylene, acetylene, and the like. The multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor and the smoke sensor are connected to the underground industrial ring network through optical fibers or 485 communication lines, data acquired by equipment in real time are transmitted to an underground communication base station, and then are uploaded to an underground database in real time by the communication base station, as shown in fig. 2:
the monitoring position of the working face goaf is arranged on the non-production sides of the working face 10-15m in front of the stoping line of the air inlet and outlet roadway, the beam tube is inserted into the air suction port of the sensor, then the beam tube is buried in the goaf, and the beam tube needs to be sleeved with a protection steel tube in the whole process to prevent the goaf from collapsing and breaking. The smoke sensor is arranged at the entrance and return corners of the working surface as shown in fig. 3:
(2) Mine fire identification judgment and risk assessment:
two parameters are introduced to assist in judging and judging the mine fire disaster, and the two parameters comprise coal spontaneous combustion grading early warning index system construction and coal spontaneous combustion three-dimensional dynamic division. The aim of constructing the coal spontaneous combustion grading early warning index system is to accurately divide the temperature change and the gas relation in the coal spontaneous combustion process, combine theory and site, and provide accurate recognition algorithm recognition for the coal spontaneous combustion process; the purpose of the three-drive division of the spontaneous combustion of the coal is to reduce the large-scale goaf to the dangerous area of the spontaneous combustion of the coal through the real-time calculation of gas observation, and improve the efficiency of fire prevention measures.
1) Constructing a coal spontaneous combustion grading early warning index system:
the grading early warning index is based on judging that the coal spontaneous ignition mark gas and the critical value are derived from the coal natural ignition mark gas and the critical value test, the coal spontaneous combustion is a very complex physical and chemical change process, is a changeable self-accelerating heat release process, and is mainly a coal-oxygen compounding process. The kind and concentration of the generated gas are different with different temperatures and follow a certain rule when the coal temperature is in different stages. The coal spontaneous combustion process can generate following the temperature change: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ethylene, acetylene, ethane, and the like. The natural ignition mark gas and the critical value of the coal are tested, namely, the temperature rise and the gas concentration change of the coal are tested in a manual experiment mode, so that a regular corresponding relation is formed, and the progress of spontaneous combustion of the coal can be reversely judged according to the gas index.
As shown in fig. 4, a coal sample is loaded into a coal sample tank, and then heated in the coal sample tank with temperature controlled by an electric heating wire, and preheated air is fed in to collect gases generated at different coal temperatures. At this time, for each stage of different coal temperatures, the types and the concentrations of the generated gases are different, and through a large number of experiments of different coal types, three characteristic temperature point critical temperatures (50-70 ℃ C., carbon monoxide gas appears and grows exponentially along with the temperature rise) in the coal spontaneous combustion process, a dry cracking temperature (100-120 ℃ C., ethylene gas and ethane gas appear) and a fission temperature (130-150 ℃ C.) are obtained, and when the coal temperature is lower than the critical temperature, the coal spontaneous combustion index gas concentration increases slowly; after exceeding the critical temperature, the speed is increased; after exceeding the crack temperature, increases sharply. The data supports are combined with the site under the experimental condition, the change of the air quantity in the mine has a larger influence on the concentration of CO, and CO/[ delta ] O is often used for eliminating the influence of the air quantity 2 And (Graham coefficient) is used as a judging index, and is introduced into a system algorithm to carry out error correction. In addition, the coal spontaneous combustion process is divided into a too wide range by the critical temperature and the dry cracking temperature, and field practices of a plurality of mines also prove that carbon monoxide can be detected in underground coal bodies at low temperature, and the carbon monoxide has a large value sometimes, which is probably caused by friction fracture of the coal bodies in the production process and increases the surface activity of the coal bodies. Therefore, as a natural ignition early prediction gas, the method needs to strengthen observation and analysis judgment according to specific conditions of each mine and combine with other gas indexes to predict spontaneous combustion of coal. Based on the natural ignition mark gas and critical value of coal, a coal spontaneous combustion grading early warning index system suitable for a certain mine is provided, and the index system mainly comprises five gas indexes (CO, O) capable of representing the spontaneous combustion temperature of the coal 2 、ΔCO/ΔO 2 、C 2 H 4 、C 2 H 2 ) And determining the temperature range and the gas index critical value of the coal seam grading early warning, and realizing the six-level early warning of the spontaneous combustion of the mine coal. The specific contents are shown in the following table:
the obtained fuel grading early warning index system (the judgment basis corresponding to each early warning stage in the table is a mathematical formula, wherein O 2 、CO、C 2 H 4 、ΔCO/ΔO 2 、C 2 H 2 The data source is real-time uploading data of the multi-parameter online detection sensor; the software can obtain the corresponding early warning stage by leading the read data into the discrimination indexes recorded in advance) to measure the CO and O by the multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor 2 、ΔCO/ΔO 2 、C 2 H 4 、C 2 H 2 And reading in a data layer, wherein the data layer adopts polynomial least square fitting to establish the association of the coal temperature and each gas, fits corresponding relational expressions, and carries out least square fitting according to the associated expressions between the coal temperature and each gas to form the expressions about the concentration of each gas by the coal Wen Nige.
The gas concentration expressions of different coal samples are different, the algorithm formula is recorded according to the experimental result, and the gas concentration expressions are obtained through computer fitting.
The purpose of data layer fusion is two: firstly, eliminating the influence of common noise, abnormal data and missing data of the spontaneous combustion characteristic information of coal, and obtaining a fitting value of the missing data through a least square fitting expression; and secondly, providing a fitting temperature value for a decision layer to be used as a reference.
The decision layer determines the variation trend of multi-component index gas and temperature of the coal spontaneous combustion dangerous area according to the result of the data layer, gives out criteria of coal spontaneous combustion diagnosis and early warning, realizes fusion identification and grading early warning of coal spontaneous combustion dangerous degree and coal temperature prediction, and provides a discrimination basis for different measures at different stages of follow-up intelligent auxiliary decision of coal spontaneous combustion.
2) Coal spontaneous combustion three-phase dynamic division:
spontaneous combustion of residual coal in a goaf can be roughly divided into three zones, namely a heat dissipation zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of more than 18 percent), an oxidation heating zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of more than 18 percent) and a asphyxia zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of less than 5 percent);
the heat dissipation belt is difficult to accumulate because of large air quantity, the choking belt is low in oxygen, the coal cannot be oxidized and heated continuously, the risk of spontaneous combustion of the coal cannot occur in the two areas, and the fire prevention measures and means are applied to the oxidation and heating belt with the best effect. According to this principle: the method comprises the steps that a beam tube arranged in coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning characteristic parameter collection extracts gas of a goaf through a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor to analyze oxygen concentration in real time, along with the increase of the stoping and pushing progress of a daily working face, oxygen gradually reduces to 5% from 21% of normal air content, and according to the division of a heat dissipation belt (oxygen concentration > 18%), an oxidation temperature rise belt (5% > 18%) and a choking belt (oxygen concentration < 5%), the oxygen is written into a software algorithm, the daily input pushing progress is in an accumulated state, and the corresponding pushing degree L of oxygen is reduced to 5% from 21% in the process of gradually reducing the oxygen 1 I.e. the width L of the oxidation heat rising zone 2 Degree of propulsion L 1 Width of oxidation heat rising zone L 2 . Assuming that in the process that 21% of oxygen in a goaf of a certain mine is gradually reduced to 5%, the propelling degree is accumulated by 100m, wherein the concentration of 21% -18% of oxygen corresponds to 0-30m, the concentration of 18% -5% of oxygen corresponds to 30-100m, the propelling degree of oxygen < 5% corresponds to greater than 100m, the system can divide the goaf natural three-zone width into a heat dissipation zone L in real time 1 (working face rear 0-30m, L) 1 =30), oxidation heat rising zone L 2 (working face back 30-100m, L) 2 ＝L 3 -L 1 =70) and a asphyxia tape L 3 (100 m, L after working face) 3 ＝100)。
The oxidization heating of the coal bed mainly occurs in an oxidization heating zone of the working face, and the longer the oxidization heat release time is, the easier spontaneous combustion is. The maximum width of the oxidation heating belt at the air inlet side of the goaf is 70m, and the shortest natural ignition period d is 35 days, so that the limit daily average propulsion rate V of the working face can be deduced min ＝L 2 The method has the advantages that/d=70/35=2 m/d, so that the normal propelling speed is ensured, the daily average propelling speed is ensured to be larger than the limit daily average propelling speed, the oxidation heating belt is gradually thrown into the asphyxia belt, the spontaneous combustion of residual coal can be effectively prevented, and the minimum propelling of the working surface is obtained according to the three-drive division of the spontaneous combustion of the coalDegree V min Safety push progress Va considering a factor of two (va=2v min ) Matching the actual pushing progress V to obtain the pushing progress and the grading early warning hook, wherein the index content is as follows:
according to the pushing and picking of the working face, a beam tube entering the working face choking zone is timely pinched off, and the next three-zone observation is carried out, so that the multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor is in a continuous running state, the three-zone observation is always in a dynamic updating state, and the obtained limiting daily average pushing speed and the oxidation temperature rise zone provide basis for the execution position of the follow-up intelligent auxiliary decision-making measure of spontaneous combustion of coal.
(3) Intelligent auxiliary decision making and multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method for spontaneous combustion of coal:
the method and means for preventing and controlling natural ignition of mine coal are mainly carried out in three aspects of oxygen control, cooling and time control. The oxygen control measures mainly comprise sealing, spraying or filling, plugging, pressure equalizing, inert gas injection and the like; the temperature control measures include grouting, water injection, spraying inhibitor and the like; the measures of controlling oxygen and temperature mainly include injecting liquid nitrogen and liquid CO under pressure 2 Colloid, inert gas foam, etc.; the time control measure is to dynamically change the air leakage and oxygen supply environment and prevent the coal from being oxidized and heated for a long time, and is mainly the dynamic propulsion of the coal bed. In the low-temperature stage, oxygen control is the most economical, effective and quick control measure, and when the temperature of coal is increased, the lower oxygen concentration can still maintain combustion, and oxygen-deficient oxidation is carried out, so that the spontaneous combustion area needs to be further treated by a cooling method.
The existing fire prevention and extinguishing materials, equipment and processes for the standardized deployment of most mines mainly comprise the following steps: the colloid is used for sectionally isolating and extinguishing fire, injecting nitrogen by a nitrogen injecting machine, injecting slurry by a grouting machine, dynamically propelling and plugging ends. The nitrogen injection and grouting process is a main means for preventing and extinguishing fire, the existing nitrogen injection and grouting of the current mining party is triggered by means of a manual start-stop machine, the operation reaction time is slow, basic PLC reconstruction is needed to be carried out on the existing equipment (nitrogen making machine and grouting machine), the nitrogen making machine and grouting machine start-stop switch is combined with a PLC control system, instruction signals are sent by using system software, remote control of the nitrogen making machine and grouting machine is achieved, an auxiliary decision obtained through grading early warning is used for directly sending an instruction to intelligently control the fire extinguishing means for nitrogen injection and grouting, and the nitrogen making machine and grouting machine can be started and stopped through manual remote control.
And combining mine fire disaster identification judgment and risk assessment to obtain the goaf coal spontaneous combustion active grading cooperative prevention and control method.
The initial temperature of coal oxidation is lower, the oxidation process is slower, and measures for controlling spontaneous combustion oxidation of coal in the low-temperature oxidation stage mainly comprise oxygen control.
(1) Early warning initial value: when the temperature is less than 30-40 ℃, dynamically propelling the coal bed, and controlling the existence time of an oxidation zone to enable the oxidation zone to quickly enter a choking zone;
(2) gray early warning: when the temperature rises to be higher than 30-40 ℃, the oxygen concentration needs to be further reduced, and the end is plugged or nitrogen is injected under pressure while dynamic propulsion is carried out;
(3) blue early warning: after the coal temperature exceeds 50-60 ℃ and enters the self-heating stage, the self-ignition of the coal can be inhibited by the measure of reducing the oxygen concentration according to the limiting oxygen concentration, and further temperature rise is prevented, so that the end head is required to be plugged and the nitrogen is injected under pressure to reduce the oxygen concentration while dynamic propulsion is required;
(4) yellow early warning: once the coal temperature reaches the critical temperature of over 70-80 ℃, the coal body in the goaf starts to oxidize rapidly, the limiting oxygen concentration is reduced, the coal body can still oxidize slowly under the lower oxygen concentration, spontaneous combustion is difficult to eliminate completely through simple oxygen control, and grouting and temperature inhibition or colloid injection are needed to be carried out on the goaf while early oxygen reduction measures are carried out, so that a colloid isolation wall is formed, and the fire area is isolated in a segmented mode;
(5) orange early warning: after the temperature exceeds 90-110 ℃, the coal body starts to be rapidly oxidized and pyrolyzed, the limiting oxygen concentration is low, and the difficulty of reducing the oxygen concentration is great in a way of plugging the end and injecting nitrogen, so that the fire-extinguishing material is mainly injected into a fire area to form a colloid isolation wall to be matched with other fire-extinguishing measures;
(6) red and black early warning: when the temperature exceeds 130-140 ℃, the coal body starts to react violently, the spontaneous combustion state can be reached quickly, the safety production is seriously threatened, the mining surface is required to be sealed at the moment, a fire prevention scheme is further formulated, and fire prevention measures are implemented.
And inputting the intelligent auxiliary decision-making model into a software algorithm, and matching the intelligent auxiliary decision-making model with a six-level early warning decision-making model. The specific auxiliary decision content is as follows:
and combining a mine fire disaster identification judgment and risk assessment model, and performing intelligent decision by software, wherein the decision content is as follows:
(1) early warning initial value: the gas in the goaf enters an early warning initial value index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 For xx, dynamic pushing should be ensured, and the pushing progress is suggested to be V a ；
(2) Gray early warning: the gas in the goaf enters gray early warning indexes, and the goaf CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 For xx, dynamic pushing should be ensured, and the pushing progress is suggested to be V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Adopting end plugging or nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction measures, wherein the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine);
(3) blue early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a blue early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 For xx, dynamic pushing should be ensured, and the pushing progress is suggested to be V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine);
(4) yellow early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a yellow early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 For xx, dynamic pushing should be ensured, and the pushing progress is suggested to be V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine); the grouting is carried out in a sectional isolation way or grouting temperature inhibition measures are adopted (whether a popup window selects to remotely start a grouting machine or not), and the grouting opening range is arranged in L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 Within the range.
(5) Orange early warning: orange early warning index of gas in goaf, where CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 The concentration is xx, dynamic pushing is ensured, and the pushing progress is suggested to be V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 And (5) in the range (automatically starting the nitrogen injection machine) and performing sectional isolation.
(6) Red early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a red early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, C 2 H 2 The concentration is xx, and the mining face needs to be immediately sealed.
(7) Black early warning: the smoke at the return air corner appears, and the goaf CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, C 2 H 2 The concentration is xx, and the mining face needs to be immediately sealed.
(4) And (3) effect feedback adjustment:
the multi-parameter on-line monitoring and early warning system belongs to a continuous running state, so that the internal calculation of software also belongs to a continuous calculation state, and CO and O can be continuously recorded after entering an auxiliary decision-making state 2 、ΔCO/ΔO 2 、C 2 H 4 、C 2 H 2 And (3) continuously carrying out fire disaster identification judgment and risk assessment on the working face according to the real-time condition of the site to form closed loop logic until the hidden danger of the fire disaster on the working face disappears.
Claims (7)
1. The intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method for the mine fire disaster is characterized by comprising four main steps of acquisition of characteristic parameters of monitoring and early warning of the spontaneous combustion of coal, identification and judgment and risk assessment of the mine fire disaster, intelligent auxiliary decision-making of the spontaneous combustion of coal, a multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method and effect feedback adjustment; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The data collected on site through the multi-parameter on-line system and the smoke sensor form coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning characteristic parameter collection, and basic data are provided for mine fire disaster identification judgment and risk assessment;
(2) The coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning characteristic parameters are converted into the corresponding levels of the measure judgment range judgment and the grading early warning through the conclusion of the coal spontaneous combustion three-drive dynamic division, the dangerous area judgment and the construction of the coal spontaneous combustion intelligent grading early warning index system, and the levels are provided for the coal spontaneous combustion intelligent auxiliary decision-making and the multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method;
(3) The intelligent auxiliary decision of spontaneous combustion of coal and the multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method are used for judging the corresponding level of the step early warning according to the measure judgment range provided by the mine fire disaster identification judgment and the risk assessment, and obtaining the corresponding measure and the implementation position of the nitrogen injection and grouting measure in advance according to the collaborative prevention and control content of different early warning levels;
(4) The goaf after implementing the measures can generate new gas data change, and new grading early warning and measure conclusion can be generated by a multi-parameter on-line system according to the gas change through coal spontaneous combustion monitoring early warning characteristic parameter acquisition, mine fire disaster identification judgment and risk assessment, intelligent auxiliary decision of coal spontaneous combustion and a multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method, so that effect feedback adjustment is realized.
2. The method for assisting decision-making of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), basic data provided by a multi-parameter on-line monitoring system is mainly divided into coal spontaneous combustion three-dynamic division and dangerous area judgment, and a measure range judgment is provided for fire prevention and extinguishing measures, and a coal spontaneous combustion intelligent grading early warning index system is used for constructing basic data provided by the multi-parameter on-line monitoring system and natural ignition and marking critical value test experiments to determine coal spontaneous combustion grading early warning indexes and corresponding grades thereof.
3. The mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method according to claim 2, wherein the three dynamic divisions of spontaneous combustion of coal: spontaneous combustion of residual coal in a goaf is divided into three zones, namely a heat dissipation zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of more than 18 percent), an oxidation temperature rise zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of more than 18 percent) and a choking zone (in a zone with the oxygen concentration of less than 5 percent);
the method comprises the steps that a beam tube arranged in coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning characteristic parameter collection extracts gas of a goaf through a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor to analyze oxygen concentration in real time, along with the increase of the stoping and pushing progress of a daily working face, oxygen gradually reduces to 5% from 21% of normal air content, and according to the division of a heat dissipation belt (oxygen concentration > 18%), an oxidation temperature rise belt (5% > 18%) and a choking belt (oxygen concentration < 5%), the oxygen is written into a software algorithm, the daily input pushing progress is in an accumulated state, and the corresponding pushing degree L of oxygen is reduced to 5% from 21% in the process of gradually reducing the oxygen 1 I.e. the width L of the oxidation heat rising zone 2 Degree of propulsion L 1 Width of oxidation heat rising zone L 2 。
4. The mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method according to claim 3, wherein the coal spontaneous combustion active grading cooperative prevention and control method of the goaf comprises the following steps of;
(1) early warning initial value: when the temperature is less than 30-40 ℃, dynamically propelling the coal bed, and controlling the existence time of an oxidation zone to enable the oxidation zone to quickly enter a choking zone;
(2) gray early warning: when the temperature rises to be higher than 30-40 ℃, the oxygen concentration needs to be further reduced, and the end is plugged or nitrogen is injected under pressure while dynamic propulsion is carried out;
(3) blue early warning: after the coal temperature exceeds 50-60 ℃ and enters the self-heating stage, the spontaneous combustion of the coal is inhibited by adopting measures for reducing the oxygen concentration according to the limiting oxygen concentration, and further heating is prevented, so that the end head is required to be plugged and the nitrogen is injected under pressure to reduce the oxygen concentration while dynamic propulsion is carried out;
(4) yellow early warning: once the coal temperature reaches the critical temperature of over 70-80 ℃, the coal body in the goaf starts to oxidize rapidly, the limiting oxygen concentration is reduced, the coal body can still oxidize slowly under lower oxygen concentration, and grouting temperature inhibition or colloid injection is carried out on the goaf while early oxygen reduction measures are carried out to form a colloid isolation wall to isolate the fire area in sections;
(5) orange early warning: after the temperature exceeds 90-110 ℃, the coal body starts to be rapidly oxidized and pyrolyzed, and fire prevention and extinguishing materials are injected into a fire area in a pressing mode to form a colloid separation wall to be matched with other fire prevention and extinguishing measures;
(6) red and black early warning: when the temperature exceeds 130-140 ℃, the mining surface is sealed to further formulate a fire prevention and extinguishing scheme, and fire prevention and extinguishing measures are implemented.
5. The mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning auxiliary decision-making method according to claim 4, wherein the decision-making content of the coal spontaneous combustion intelligent auxiliary decision-making and multi-means collaborative active prevention and control method is as follows:
(1) early warning initial value: the gas in the goaf enters an early warning initial value index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 For xx, dynamic pushing is ensured, and the pushing progress is V a ；
(2) Gray early warning: the gas in the goaf enters gray early warning indexes, and the goaf CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 For xx, dynamic pushing is ensured, and the pushing progress is V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Adopting end plugging or nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction measures, wherein the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine);
(3) blue early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a blue early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Xx, push progress of V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 Within the range (with bullet)Window selection whether to select to remotely start the nitrogen injector);
(4) yellow early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a yellow early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Xx, push progress of V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In range (whether a popup window selects to remotely start the nitrogen injection machine); the grouting is carried out in a sectional isolation way or grouting temperature inhibition measures are adopted (whether a popup window selects to remotely start a grouting machine or not), and the grouting opening range is arranged in L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 Within the range;
(5) orange early warning: orange early warning index of gas in goaf, where CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, push progress V a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Simultaneously adopts the measures of end plugging and nitrogen injection and oxygen reduction, and the range of a nitrogen injection port is arranged at L 1 The distance from the working surface to the goaf is less than L 3 In the range (automatically starting the nitrogen injection machine) and carrying out sectional isolation;
(6) red early warning: the gas in the goaf enters a red early warning index, and the CO in the goaf is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, C 2 H 2 The concentration is xx, and the mining face is required to be immediately sealed;
(7) black early warning: the smoke at the return air corner appears, and the goaf CO is xx and O 2 Is xx, deltaCO/DeltaO 2 Is xx, C 2 H 4 Concentration xx, C 2 H 2 The concentration is xx, and the mining face needs to be immediately sealed.
6. The method for assisting decision-making of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the measure content comprises linkage nitrogen injection, linkage grouting, segmented isolation, dynamic propulsion, end plugging and closed mining face.
7. The system of any one of claims 1-6, comprising:
(1) Defining the arrangement position of a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor of an internal system; the method comprises the steps that collected data are transmitted to a ground dispatching room through 485 communication lines, a host computer and an exchanger from a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor of a downhole goaf, a working surface, a shaft and the ground;
(2) The multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor is arranged 10-15m in front of the stoping line, and the smoke sensor is arranged at the entrance and return corners of the working face; the gas in the goaf is analyzed by a multi-parameter on-line monitoring sensor through a beam tube and data are transmitted into an underground industrial ring network, a smoke sensor transmits smoke signals to a smoke sensor base station to enter the underground ring network, and the data enter a communication base station from the ring network to be transmitted to an underground database;
(3) The test experiment of the natural ignition flag gas and the critical value of the coal provides data support for the construction of the intelligent grading early warning index system of the spontaneous combustion of the coal.
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