CN117070873A - Thermal spraying process for preparing micro-groove drag reduction surface - Google Patents

Thermal spraying process for preparing micro-groove drag reduction surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117070873A
CN117070873A CN202311303928.2A CN202311303928A CN117070873A CN 117070873 A CN117070873 A CN 117070873A CN 202311303928 A CN202311303928 A CN 202311303928A CN 117070873 A CN117070873 A CN 117070873A
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spraying
path
micro
sprayed
preparing
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CN202311303928.2A
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Inventor
许鹏云
魏明超
薛磊
刘贵杰
吕明利
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Ocean University of China
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Ocean University of China
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a thermal spraying process for preparing a micro-groove drag reduction surface, in particular to the field of thermal spraying processes, which comprises the following steps: step 1: designing a spraying path, including a track spacing design and a spray gun movement path design; step 2: performing sand blasting pretreatment on the matrix, and increasing the roughness of the matrix; step 3: and performing thermal spraying operation according to the spraying path to form the micro-groove drag reduction surface. According to the application, the rapid large-area preparation of the micro-groove drag reduction surface is realized by adopting a thermal spraying technology, and in the thermal spraying process, the rapid preparation of the micro-groove drag reduction surface can be realized by only designing the movement path of the spray gun without using additional auxiliary tools or carrying out complex process regulation and control. Compared with the preparation process of other micro-groove drag reduction surfaces, the preparation method has the advantages of high preparation speed and high efficiency, and can realize large-area and large-scale preparation.

Description

Thermal spraying process for preparing micro-groove drag reduction surface
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of thermal spraying processes, in particular to a thermal spraying process for preparing a micro-groove drag reduction surface.
Background
Marine vessels such as cargo ships, ships and submarines are important equipment for marine exploration and development and sea defense safety construction. Frictional resistance is critical to the speed and energy consumption of marine vessels, and can be up to 50% of the total resistance for surface vessels and up to 70% for underwater vessels. The underwater drag reduction technology can obviously improve the navigational speed, reduce the energy consumption and increase the range by reducing the friction resistance of the marine navigation body during navigation, and has great significance for the marine strategy in China.
The following wave surface drag reduction method is to prepare a micro-groove structure perpendicular to the incoming flow direction on the wall surface of the ocean navigation body, and when the ocean navigation body is in navigation, the micro-groove wall surface interacts with free incoming flow to generate secondary flow vortex (artificial vortex) at the trough of the micro-groove structure, so that the shear stress in the following wave boundary layer is reduced, and the promotion of turbulent flow is inhibited. Under the effect of the micro-groove structure, the free incoming flow is not in direct contact with the navigation body, but in contact with the secondary flow vortex, so that the effect similar to a ball bearing is achieved, sliding friction between the free incoming flow and the wall surface of the navigation body is converted into rolling friction, and the effects of reducing drag and increasing pushing are achieved.
The preparation method of the anti-drag micro-groove along with the traveling wave surface comprises a corrosion method, a template method, a film pasting method, a machining method and the like, for example, the hot stamping preparation method of the anti-drag micro-groove of the Al layer coating TPU film for the airship skin of the Chinese patent CN201210168746.4 is to prepare the anti-drag micro-groove through the template method, and the anti-drag micro-groove is prepared through the film pasting method by adopting a bionic non-smooth surface anti-drag film of the Chinese patent CN201920281667.1 and an anti-drag and noise reduction groove film of the Chinese patent CN 201210179250.7. However, the existing preparation method has the defects of complex preparation process, long preparation period, incapability of large-area preparation, limitation of used materials and the like, and is difficult to meet the requirement of drag reduction of the wave-following marine navigation body. Therefore, developing a rapid and efficient large-area micro-groove structure preparation method is particularly important for pushing the application of a traveling wave drag reduction surface (micro-groove drag reduction surface) on a marine navigation body. The thermal spraying is a highly industrialized coating preparation process, has high efficiency and flexibility in the spraying process, and is suitable for large-area and large-batch coating preparation. Based on the thermal spraying technology, a corresponding thermal spraying process is developed, so that the rapid large-area preparation of the micro-groove structure on the marine navigation body wall surface is realized, and the method has important engineering value.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the limitations of the micro-groove drag reduction surface preparation process in the prior art, the application provides a thermal spraying process for preparing the micro-groove drag reduction surface, the micro-groove drag reduction surface is rapidly prepared in a large area by adopting a thermal spraying technology, and the micro-groove can be rapidly prepared only by designing the movement path of a spray gun without using additional auxiliary tools or performing complex process regulation and control in the thermal spraying process.
A thermal spray process for preparing a microchannel drag reducing surface comprising the steps of:
step 1: designing a spraying path, including a track spacing design and a spray gun movement path design;
step 2: performing sand blasting pretreatment on the matrix, and increasing the roughness of the matrix;
step 3: and performing thermal spraying operation according to the spraying path to form the micro-groove.
Further, the track spacing S is designed according to the width of the gap P between two adjacent sprayed coatings and the width of each sprayed coating.
Further, the track spacing S is more than or equal to 6mm.
Further, the track spacing S is less than or equal to 20mm.
Further, the motion path is an arc-shaped path, namely, one spraying is firstly performed from the starting point O, then one spraying is performed after one channel interval S is moved downwards, and the like, until the spraying of all channels is completed, the first layer of spraying is completed, the path returns to the starting point, the track is repeatedly sprayed again, and the process is repeated until the number of preset spraying layers is reached.
Further, the motion path is a 'one-shaped' path, namely, one path is sprayed from the starting point O, the first layer is sprayed, the second layer is sprayed back to the starting point O, the third layer is sprayed from the starting point O until the number of preset spraying layers is reached, the first path of spraying is completed, after one path interval S is moved downwards, the second path of spraying is completed after the preset spraying layers are sprayed on the track repeatedly, and the like until the spraying of all paths is completed.
Further, the thermal spraying process is plasma spraying, and the technological parameters of the plasma spraying are as follows: the power of the spray gun is 30-60 kilowatts, the plasma gas is argon and hydrogen, the flow of the argon is 30-60 standard liters per minute, the flow of the hydrogen is 5-20 standard liters per minute, the spraying distance is 80-120 mm, the number of spraying layers is 5-30 layers, the powder feeding amount is 10-30 grams per minute, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 200-1000 mm per second.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: the application provides a micro-groove drag reduction surface required by a follow wave drag reduction coating prepared by adopting a thermal spraying technology for the first time, and the micro-groove drag reduction surface is prepared in a large area rapidly by adopting the thermal spraying technology, and in the thermal spraying process, the micro-groove can be prepared rapidly by only designing a movement path of a spray gun without using additional auxiliary tools or carrying out complex technological regulation. Compared with the preparation process of other groove drag reduction coatings, the preparation method has the advantages of high preparation speed and high efficiency, and can realize large-area and large-scale preparation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art thermal spray process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional thermal spray path;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a spray process of the present application using an "arcuate" path for spraying;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spraying process of the application using a "straight" path for spraying.
In the figure: 1. a spray gun; 2. a powder feeder; 3. flame flow; 4. a base; 5. and depositing a layer in a single channel.
Detailed Description
The application is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
to better illustrate the innovation point in the present application and the gun motion path planning for preparing the micro-groove structure, taking planar plate spraying as an example, the gun motion path in the thermal spraying process and the conventional thermal spraying process is explained as follows.
As shown in fig. 1, in a general thermal spraying process, a spray gun 1 is perpendicular to the surface of a substrate 4, powder is fed into a high-temperature and high-speed flame flow 3 generated by the spray gun 1 through a powder feeder 2, is heated and accelerated by the flame flow 3 to become molten or partially molten particles, and then is impacted onto the surface of the substrate 4 at a high speed, and is spread and solidified and continuously accumulated to form a coating layer. The temperature in the center of the flame flow 3 is highest and the velocity is greatest during thermal spraying, while the temperature at the edge of the flame flow 3 is lowest and the velocity is smallest. When powder is injected into the flame flow 3, the powder temperature is highest and the velocity is fastest at the center of the flame flow 3, while the powder temperature is lowest and the velocity is smallest at the edges of the flame flow 3. Thus, the powder deposition effect is the best in the center of the flame flow 3 during thermal spraying, and the powder deposition effect is the worst at the edges of the flame flow 3, which forms a single pass deposit 5 with a thick middle and thin sides when the gun 1 is scanned over the substrate 4, as shown in fig. 1.
In a typical thermal spraying process, the coating layer needs to completely cover the surface of the substrate 4, the coating layer needs to reach a certain thickness, and the thickness of the coating layer needs to be kept consistent throughout. In order to ensure that the thickness of the coating is consistent throughout, the track spacing between two adjacent deposited layers should be selected to ensure that there is a degree of overlap between each deposited layer. To meet the above requirements, the movement path of the spray gun 1 needs to move according to the following path: the spray gun 1 starts to move from a spraying start point O outside the substrate 4 to a point 1 along a path 1 shown in fig. 2, and sprays one lane, which is lane 1. Then the spray gun 1 is moved down to 2 and then along the path 2 shown to 3 and sprayed again, this being lane 2. Then the gun 1 is moved down to 4 points and then along the path 3 shown, and sprayed again, this being lane 3. According to the movement path shown in fig. 1, the spray gun 1 sprays the entire surface of the substrate 4 back to the point O, which is a layer of spray. Then the spray gun 1 moves along the path to spray a layer again, and the process is repeated until the required number of spraying layers is reached. In the above process, the distance between adjacent tracks is the track pitch S, for example, the distance between the path 1 and the path 2 and the distance between the path 2 and the path 3 in fig. 2 are the track pitches S. The above is a description of the movement path of the spray gun 1 in a typical thermal spraying process.
In order to realize the rapid preparation of the large-area micro-groove drag reduction surface, the application provides a method for preparing a micro-groove drag reduction surface structure by adopting a thermal spraying process, so as to realize the rapid preparation of a traveling wave drag reduction coating on the surface of large equipment. By designing a novel spray gun movement path, one-step preparation of the groove surface structure is realized, and no auxiliary equipment or complicated spray coating process is needed.
The application provides a thermal spraying process for preparing a micro-groove drag reduction surface, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the spray path is designed, including the track pitch design and the motion path design.
In the conventional thermal spraying process, in order to achieve uniform coating thickness throughout the region, the track pitch is generally set to 3-5 mm, so that there may be a certain overlap (coverage) between the tracks, thereby ensuring uniform coating thickness throughout the region. In order to prepare the micro-groove structure, the arrangement of the track pitch in the application needs to ensure that a certain gap P exists between the tracks, and the specific track pitch S is designed according to the width of the gap P actually required to be sprayed and the width of each sprayed coating. Preferably, the track pitch S is set to 6-20 mm, and the larger the track pitch S, the larger the gap P in the micro-trench structure.
The motion path design includes two types:
the first motion path is an arc-shaped path, namely, a first spraying process is started from a starting point O, then a second spraying process is performed after a path interval S is moved downwards, and the like, until the spraying of all paths is completed, the first layer of spraying is completed, the first path returns to the starting point, the track is repeated, a layer of spraying is performed again, and the process is repeated until the number of preset spraying layers is reached. As shown in fig. 3, the spray gun 1 starts to move from a spraying start point O outside the substrate 4, moves to 1 point along a path 1 shown in fig. 3, and sprays one lane, which is lane 1. Then, the spray gun 1 is moved down by a larger track spacing S to 2 points, then moved along the illustrated path 2 to 3 points, and sprayed again, this being the 2 nd track. Then, the spray gun 1 moves down to the interval S to 4 points, moves along the illustrated path 3, and sprays one more time, which is the 3 rd lane. In the spraying process, the track spacing S needs to be selected to be a proper distance so as to ensure that two adjacent tracks are not overlapped and meet the required gap P. On the premise of ensuring that gaps P exist between all adjacent channels, the spray gun 1 sprays the whole surface of the substrate 4 according to the movement path shown in fig. 3, and returns to a spraying starting point O, which is a layer of spraying. Then the spray gun 1 moves according to the path to spray a layer again, and the process is repeated until the number of the preset spraying layers is reached. Because gaps P are formed between all adjacent channels of each layer, after spraying is finished, deeper gaps P are formed in the overlapping area of the gaps, protrusions Q are formed after single-channel coating is overlapped, and then a micro-groove structure is formed.
The second motion path is a 'one-shaped' path, namely, one path is sprayed from the starting point O, the first layer is sprayed for the path, the second layer is sprayed and returns to the starting point O, the third layer is sprayed from the starting point O until the preset spraying layer number is reached, the first path of spraying is completed, after one path interval S is moved downwards, the second path of spraying is completed after the preset spraying layer number is sprayed on the track repeatedly, and the like until the spraying of all paths is completed. As shown in fig. 4, the spray gun 1 starts to move from a spraying start point O outside the substrate 4, moves to 1 point along a path 1 shown in fig. 4, and sprays one layer, namely a 1 st layer. The spray gun 1 then returns along path 1 to the spray start O for one pass, which is lane 1, layer 2. The spray gun 1 reciprocates along a path 1 between a spray start point O and a spray start point 1 to spray a plurality of layers of coating to reach a preset number of spray layers, which is lane 1. Then, the spray gun 1 moves down to a larger track spacing S to 2 points, and reciprocates along a path 2 between the 2 points and the 3 points, and the multilayer coating is sprayed to reach the preset spraying layer number, namely the 2 nd track. In the spraying process, the track spacing S needs to be selected to be a proper distance to ensure that the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer do not overlap and have a certain gap P. Then, the spray gun 1 moves down to 4 points with a larger track spacing S, and reciprocates along a path 3 between the 4 points and the 5 points to spray a plurality of layers of coating so as to reach the preset spraying layer number, which is the layer 3. And so on, the whole surface of the substrate 4 is sprayed according to the spraying path. Spraying according to the path planning, and forming a higher bulge Q after reciprocating spraying along paths 1, 2 and 3. N, wherein a deeper gap P is formed between each layer of coating, so as to form a micro-groove structure.
Step 2: the substrate 4 is subjected to sand blasting pretreatment to increase the roughness of the substrate 4.
The matrix 4 is subjected to sand blasting pretreatment to increase the roughness of the matrix 4 so as to improve the bonding strength of the matrix 4 and the coating
Step 3: and performing thermal spraying operation according to the spraying path to form the micro-groove.
The thermal spraying process comprises plasma spraying, supersonic oxygen fuel spraying, flame spraying, electric arc spraying and the like, wherein the plasma spraying is taken as an example to describe the process parameters, and the process parameters of the plasma spraying are as follows: the power of the spray gun 1 is 30-60 kilowatts, the plasma gas is argon and hydrogen, the flow of the argon is 30-60 standard liters per minute, the flow of the hydrogen is 5-20 standard liters per minute, the spraying distance is 80-120 mm, the number of spraying layers is 5-30 layers, the powder feeding amount is 10-30 grams per minute, and the moving speed of the spray gun 1 is 200-1000 mm per second.
The thermal spraying process for preparing the micro-groove drag reduction surface provided by the application is used for initially providing the micro-groove drag reduction surface required by the preparation of the follow-wave drag reduction coating by adopting the thermal spraying process, and in the preparation process, the preparation of the groove structure coating can be realized by changing the movement path of the spray gun 1 without using additional tool equipment or a spraying method with complex design. Compared with the preparation process of other groove drag reduction coatings, the preparation method has the advantages of high preparation speed and high efficiency, and can realize large-area and large-scale preparation.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. The thermal spraying process for preparing the micro-groove drag reduction surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: designing a spraying path, including a track spacing design and a spray gun movement path design;
step 2: performing sand blasting pretreatment on the matrix, and increasing the roughness of the matrix;
step 3: and performing thermal spraying operation according to the spraying path to form the micro-groove.
2. The thermal spray process for preparing a microchannel drag reducing surface as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the gap S is designed according to the width of the gap P between two adjacent sprayed coatings which are actually required to be sprayed and the width of each sprayed coating.
3. The thermal spray process for preparing a microchannel drag reducing surface as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the track spacing S is more than or equal to 6mm.
4. The thermal spray process for preparing a microchannel drag reducing surface as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the track spacing S is less than or equal to 30mm.
5. The thermal spray process for preparing a microchannel drag reducing surface as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the motion path is an arc-shaped path, namely, one spraying is firstly performed from the starting point O, then one spraying is performed after one channel interval S is moved downwards, and the like, until the spraying of all channels is completed, the first layer of spraying is completed, the path returns to the starting point O, the track path is repeated, one layer of spraying is performed again, and the process is repeated until the number of preset spraying layers is reached.
6. The thermal spray process for preparing a microchannel drag reducing surface as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the motion path is a 'one-shaped' path, namely, a first layer is sprayed from a starting point O, a second layer is sprayed back to the starting point O, a third layer is sprayed from the starting point O until the number of preset spraying layers is reached, the first spraying is completed, a track is moved down by a track interval S, the number of preset spraying layers is sprayed on the track repeatedly, the second spraying is completed, and the like until the spraying of all the tracks is completed.
7. The thermal spray process for preparing a microchannel drag reducing surface as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the thermal spraying process is plasma spraying, and the technological parameters of the plasma spraying are as follows: the power of the spray gun is 30-60 kilowatts, the plasma gas is argon and hydrogen, the flow of the argon is 30-60 standard liters per minute, the flow of the hydrogen is 5-20 standard liters per minute, the spraying distance is 80-120 mm, the number of spraying layers is 5-30 layers, the powder feeding amount is 10-30 grams per minute, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 200-1000 mm per second.
CN202311303928.2A 2023-10-10 2023-10-10 Thermal spraying process for preparing micro-groove drag reduction surface Pending CN117070873A (en)

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JPH03135464A (en) * 1989-10-19 1991-06-10 Tokico Ltd Coating robot
CN103614685A (en) * 2013-11-17 2014-03-05 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 Automatic double-wire electric arc spraying engine body remanufacturing method
CN112030093A (en) * 2020-07-15 2020-12-04 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Method for acquiring optimal path spacing of flame aluminum spraying of robot
CN112359312A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-12 航天材料及工艺研究所 High-temperature oxidation-resistant coating on surface of wing structural member and low-pressure plasma spraying preparation method thereof
CN112853254A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 广东省科学院新材料研究所 Amorphous columnar structure coating and preparation method and application thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03135464A (en) * 1989-10-19 1991-06-10 Tokico Ltd Coating robot
CN103614685A (en) * 2013-11-17 2014-03-05 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 Automatic double-wire electric arc spraying engine body remanufacturing method
CN112030093A (en) * 2020-07-15 2020-12-04 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Method for acquiring optimal path spacing of flame aluminum spraying of robot
CN112359312A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-12 航天材料及工艺研究所 High-temperature oxidation-resistant coating on surface of wing structural member and low-pressure plasma spraying preparation method thereof
CN112853254A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 广东省科学院新材料研究所 Amorphous columnar structure coating and preparation method and application thereof
CN115258033A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-11-01 青岛科技大学 Micro-groove bionic drag reduction structure and preparation method thereof

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戴光明等: "自动等离子喷涂设备喷枪轨迹生成研究", 矿山机械, vol. 43, no. 10, 10 October 2015 (2015-10-10), pages 2 *

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